VOL. 47
The Huntingdon Journal
J. R. DURBORROW
PUBLISHERS AND PROPRIETOR
Office 011 the Corner af Fitt. and Was3ingtort streets.
THE HUNTINGDON ,lOCIRNAL is published every
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All mleertieiie ocennute ere doe end eollectald.
when the adrertieement Ce one , iii.erted.
JOB PRINTING. of every kind, in Plain an.'
Colors, done with neatness and dispatch.—
Blanks, Cards, Parnpliletg. &c., of ever}
variety and style, printed at the shortest notice
and every thing in the Printing line will be excess
ted in the most artistic manner and at the loves'
rates.
Professional Cards
F. GE II R.ETT, M. D.. EOL EC
• Tip PHYCICIAN AND SURGEON. hat
tug returned from Clearfield county and perma
nently located in Shirleysbnrg, oilers his proles
vional services to the people of that place and cur
rounding country. apr.3-1872.
1)R. H. W. BUCHANAN
DE.NTIST,
No. 22 8 11111 Street,
HUNTINGDON, PA.
July 3,'i".
TAZ F. 0. ALLEMAN can be eon
suited at hit, office, at all hours, Mapleton
Pa. [lnarch6,72.
CALDWELL, Attorney -at -Law
7~•No. iii, 3d street. Office formerly ocenide.
by Messrs. Woods k Williamson. [apl2,'7l.
Da. A. B. BRUMBAUGH, offers
professional services to the eau:nnuity.
0:Bee, No. 523 Washington street, one door CRP
of the Catholic Parsonage. Dan.,1,11.
J. GREENE, Dentist. Office re
• moved to Leister's new building, 11111,tret
T'"-ttingdon.
L. ROBB, Dentist, office in S. T
- 4.3.1 • Br, wn's new building, No. 529, Hill St.
Huntingdon, Pa.
GLAZIER, Notary Public, come
* of Washington and Smith streets, liun
tingdon, Pa.
T_T C. MADDEN, Attorney-at-Law
• Orrice, No. —, JIM sireet, Iluntingdoi.
Pa. ' [ap.lo,'7l.
T FRANKLIN SCHOCK. Attorney
co • nt-Law. 11UNTIII4GDOY, PA.
june26,'72-13m,
SYLVANUS BLAIR, Attorney-at
cfi • Law, fluntingan, Pa. Office. Hill strew
hree doors west of Smith. Dan.4'7l.
Ar It. DU RBORROW, Attorney-at
• Law, Huntingdon, Pa., will practice in tt
several Courts of Huntingdon county. Purlieula
Attention given to the settlement of estates of leer
dents.
Ornee in he JounNAL,Bailding. [feb.l.7l.
...MATTERN, Attorney-at -Lay
rfi
• and General Claim Agent, Iluntingdon, Pa
S;3ldiers' claims against the Government for bap
pay, bounty, widows' and invalid pensions attend
ed to with great care and proMptness.
Office on Gill street. Dan. 4,71.
1,, Ilwt.t. Muss..
K. ALL Ent Lovem.
L OVELT, & MUSSER,
Attorneys-at-Lair.
HUNTINGDON. PA
Special attention given to COLLECTIONS of a
kinds ; to the settlement of ESTATES, Lc. ; en
all other legal business prosecuted with fidelity en.
dispatch. [novG,"72
A i fILES ZENTMYER, Attorney-at
-A-V-A- L aw, Huntingdon, Pa., will attend prompt!.
to all legal business. Office in Cunningham's nes
pM. & M. S. LYTLE, Attorneys.
• at-Law, Huntingdon, Pa., will attend t.
all kinds of legal business entrusted to their care.
Mice on the soot% side of Hill street, fourth doo
west of Smith. [jan.4,"/ I.
A. ORBISON, Attorney-at-Laa
Caze, :121 Hill street. Huntingdon. l'a.
[unty:; 1, - ; 1 .
JOHN SCOTT. S. T.
,BROWN. J. M. BAILEI
QCOTT, BROWN & BAILEY, At
torneysmt-Law, Huntingdon, Pa. Pension:
and all claims of soldiers and soldiers' heirs nguins
the Government will be promptly prosecuted.
Office on Hill street. Ljan.4,7l.
rp W. N YTON , Attorney-at-Law, Hun.
-A- • tingdon, Pa. Office with J. Sewell Stewafi
Dan.4,'7l.
.---
WELLIAM A. FLEMING, Attorney
at-Law. Huntingdon, Pa. Special attention
given t. 3 collections, and all other 13ga1 busines
Attended to with care and promptness. Office, No
"2 9, Hill street [apl9,'7l.
Hotels.
THE TRAVELERS' REST ROTEL
ass till, Huntingdon co., Pa:
The midersigned would re4pecrully inform the travel
ing pubEc that be has opened the above named Hotel an.
Is prepared to accommodate travelers. Ile hopes that
liberal share of patronage will be extended.
GEOR .E M. GREEN.
{ORRISON HOUSE,
OPPOSITE PENNSYLVANIA E. E. DEPOT
HUNTINGDON, PA
J. 11. CLOVER, Prop.
April 5, 1871-Iy.
XTASHINGTON HOTEL,
S. S. Bownoo, Prop'r
Corner of Pitt & Juliana Sta.,Bedford, Pa. mayl.
XCHANGE HOTEL, Huntingdon
Pa. JOHN S. MILLER, Proprietor.
January 4, 1871.
Miscellaneous.
3. DAR., I A. =WM, I A'. lIAUCD. I DAVID MINGLE
B IRTOL, KENNEDY & CO.
[Lately Franklin Monnfiectnring Company.]
Manufactures Flooring, Siding. Doors, Sash.
Shutters, Blinds, Moulding, Scroll Work, Counters
Shelving. Wood Turnings, Hobbs, Spokes, Bent
Work, Forks, Rakes, Brooms, Pick, and Hammel
Handles, all kinds o r Furniture, &c. Our Machiner3
very beet quality and giving our entire being of
-attention to the business we are able to manitfactur.
all of the above,' named articles, as well as 111111 , 1
.others, in the best style and always promptly.
'" " • ' '
All onion. nfl.lrem..l to
BARTOL, KENNEDY & CO.,
Huntingdon. Pa.,
will receive our immediate attention. Price list
furnished when desired.
Lumber taken in exchange for all kinds of work.
Jan. 31. IS7I.
A. BECK, Fashionable Barber
R• and Hairdresser. Hill street. opposite the
Franklin House. AU kinds of Tonics and Poland. s
kept on handand for sale. [apl9,ll-6m
,%,
- - ii* -i c,.-,
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A..
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.
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(.. _1
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE ,
To THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTA
TIVES: In transmitting to you this my fourth
annual message, it is with thankfulness to the
Giver of all goad that as a nation we have
been blessed tor the past year with peace at
home, peace abronc, and a general prosperity
vouchsafed to but few prop', With the ex
ception of the recent devastating fire which
swept from the earth with a breath, as it were,
millions of accumulated wealth in the city of
Boston, there has been no overshadowing ca
lamity within the year to record. It is grati
fying to note how, like their fellow citizens of
Chicago under similar circumstances a year
earlier, the citizens of Boston are rallying
under their misfortunes with a prospect that
their energy and perseverance will overcome
all obstacles and show the same prosperity
.30011 that they would had no disaster befallen
them ; otherwise we have been free from pes
tilence, war and calamities, which often over
take nations. and as far as human judgment
con penetrate the future, no cause seems to
exist to threaten our present peace.
When Congress adjourned in June last a
•tnestiou had bee raised by Great Britain and
was then pending which for a time seriously
mperi:ed the settlement by friendly arbitra
tion Of the grave differences between this gov
ernment and that of her Britanic Majesty,
which, by the treaty of Washington, had baen
referred to the tribunal of arbitration which
lad met is Geneva, in Switzerland. The ar
•ritrators however, disposed of the question
which had jeopardized the whole of the treaty
Ind threatened to involve the two nations in
most unhappy relations toward each other in
t manner entirely sa isfacto:y to the govern
ment and in accordance with the views and
he policy which it had maintained. The tri
:minal which had convened at Geneva in De •
,ember concluded its laborious session on the
L4th day of September, on which day having
Availed itself of the discretionary power given
t by the treaty to award a sum in gross it
made its derision whereby it awarded the stun
if $15.500,000 in gold as the indemnity to be
said by Great Britain to Ur , United States for
the satisfiiction of all the claims referred to its
consideration. This decision happily disposes
if a long-standing difference between the two
;overnments; and in connection with another
sward made by the German Emperor under a
'eference to him by the same treaty, leaves
hese two governments without a shadow upon
heir friendly relations, which it is my sincere
lope may forever rem tin equally unclouded.
rhe report of the agent of the United States
tppointed to a tend the Geneva tribunal, ac
;ompanied by the protocols of the proceedings
,t' the arbitrators, the arinineuts of the cons
el of both governments, the award of the tri
mnal and the opinions given lay the several
.rbitrators, is transmitted herewith. I have
mused to be communicated to the heads of
~he three friendly powers who complied with
he requests made to them under the treaty
he thanks of this government for the appoint
nent of arbitrators made by them respectively,
tnd also any thanks to the eminent personages
tamed by them, and my approbation of the
tignity, patriotic impartiality and grant ability
chit which they discharged their arduous and
.igh functions. Her Majesty's government
,as communicated to me its appreciation by
.ler Majesty of the , ability and indefatigable
•ndustry displayed by Mr. 'ideals, the arbitra
or named on the part of this government
,uring the protracted inquiries and discus
ions of the tribunal. I cordially unite with
rer Majesty in this appreciation.
It is due to the agent of the United States
,efore the tribunal, to record my high appre
dation of the markell ability, unwearied pa
ience and the prudence and discretion with
vbich he has conducted the very responsible
tud delicate duties committed to him, as it is
Iso due to the learned and eminent counsel
rho attended the tribunal on the part of this
mverninent to express my sense of the talent
:ad wisdom which they brought to bear ou
-he attainment of the results so happily reach-
A. It will be the province of Congress to
, rovide for the distribution among those who
nay be entitled to it of their respective shares
,f the money to be paid, although the sum
:warded is not payable until a year from the
tate of the award. It is deemed advisable
hat no time he lost in making a proper exam
nation of the several cases in which indemni
ication may be due. I consequently recom
send the creation of a board of commissioners
br the purpose;
J. A. NASH,
[;an:3,'i 1.
Dip 12,71
[inn.l2'7l
By the thirty-fourth article of the treaty of
.Vashington the respective claims of the Usti
ed :states and of Grcat Britain in their con
trnction of the treaty of the 15th of June,
84G, defining the boundary line between their
espective territories were submitted to the
rbitration and award of Ms Majesty, the Em
•eror of Germany, to decide .which of these
.!aims is most in accordance with the true
nterpretation of the treaty of 1846. Ilis
lajesty, the Emperor of Germany, having been
ileased to undertake the arbitration has the
arnest thanks of this government and of the
ieople of the United states for the labor, pains
lid care which he has devoted to the cousid
ration of this long pending difference. I
acre caused an expression of my thanks to be
:ommunicated to Ills Majesty. Mr. Bancroft,
he representative of this government at Bar.
in, conducted the case and prepared the
tatement on the part of the United States
with the abilty has past services justified the
in expecting at his hands. As a mem
ier of the Cabinet at the date of the treaty
xhich has given rise to thedisenssion between
he two governments, as the minister to Great
tritain when the construction was pronounced
infoun. , cd was first advanced, and as the
agent and representative of the government to
resent the case and to receive the award, he
las been associated with the question in all
Is phases, and in every stage he manifested a
iatriotic zeal and correctness in maintenance
.f the claim of the United States. lie is enti
led to much credit for the success which has
attended the submission, after a patient inves
igation of the case, and of the statements of
acts party, His Majesty, the Emperor, on the
:Ist day of October last, signed his award in
.vriting, decreeing that the claim sf the goy
:irnment of the United States that the bounds
,y line between the territories of tier flritanic
lajesty and the United States should be
lrawn through liars channel is most in ac
zordance with the true interpretation of the
reaty concluded on the 151.1 of June, 1840,
ietween the governments of tier Britanie
•lajesty and of the United States. Copies of
he case presented on behalf of each govern
nest and of the settlement in reply of each
Ind a translation of the award are transmitted
terewith. This award confirms the United
itates its their claim to the important archi
?elago of islands lying between the continent
Ind Vancouver's Wards, which for more than
,twenty-six years, ever since the ratification of
he treaty, Great Britain has contested and
:eaves us for the first time in the history of the
United States as a nation without a question
if disputed boundary between our territory
and the possessions of Great Britain on this
zontinent. It is my grateful duty to acknowl
Ate the prompt, spontaneous action of tier
Majesty's government in giving etfe,t to the
sward in anticipation of any request from this
2,mvernment, and before the reception iu the
United States of the award signed by the Em
peror, liar Majesty had given instructions tot•
the removal of her troops which bad been sta.
Lioned there and for the cession of ail exercise
or claims or claim of jurisdiction so as to
leave the United States in the executive pos
session of the lately disputed territory.
I am gratified to 4 be able to announce that
the orders for the removal of the troops have
been executed, and that the military point of
occupation of San Juan bits ceased, The
islands are now in the executive pohaession of
the United States. It now becames necessary
to complete the survey and determination of
that portion of the boundary line through the
Hero channel upon which the commission
which determined the remaining part of the
line were unable to agree. I recommend the
appointment of a commission to act jointly
with one which may be named by Her Majesty
for that purpose. Experience of the difficul
ties attending the determination of our ad
mitred line of boun - ary, after the occupation
of the territory and its settlement by those
owing allegiance to the r .spective govern
ments, points to the importance of establish
ing by natural objects or other monuments
the actual Hue between the territory acquired
by purchase from Russia and the adjoining
possessions of Her 3ritanic Majesty. The re
pion is now no sparsely occupied that uo con
flicting interests of individuals or of jurisdic
tion are likely to interfere to the delay or em
barrassment of the actual location of the line.
If deferred till population shall enter and oc
copy, the territory some trivial contest of
neighbors may again array the two govern.
ments in antagonism. I therefore recommend
the appointment of acommission to act jointly
with one that may be appointed on the part of
Great Britain to determine th• line between
our territory of Alaska and tie extensive pos
sessions of Great Britain. .
In my last annual message I recommended
the legislation necessary on the part of the
United States to bring into operation the arti
cles of the treaty of Washington of May 9,
1871, relating to the fisheries and to other
matters touching; the relations of the United
States toward the British North American pos
sessions to become operative so soon as the
proper legislation should he had on flu part
of Great Britain and its possessions. That
legislation on the part of Gnat Britain and its
possessions had- not then been had, and during
the session of Congress a question was raised,
which for the time raised a doubt whether any
action by Congress in the direction indicated
would become important. This question has
sines been disposed of, and I have received
notice that the imperial parliament and other
legislatures of the provin.dafgovernment have
passed laws to carry the provisions of the
tee ty on the matters referred to into operation.
I therefore recommend your early adoption of
legislation in the same direction necessary on
the part of this government.
The joint commission for determining the
boundary line between the United States and
British possessions, between Lake of the
Woods and the Rocky mountains, has organ
ized and mitered upon its work. It is desira
ble that the force be increased is order that
the completion of the survey and the determi
nation of the line may he the sooner attained.
To this end 1 recommend that sufficient appro
priation be made.
Since my last annual message the exchange
has been made of the ratifications or a treaty
with the Austro Hungarian empire, relating
to naturalization; also of a treaty with the
Coma a empire, respecting consols and trade
marks; also of a treaty with Sweden and Nor
way. relating to naturalization, all of which
treaties have been duly proclaimed.
Congress at its last session having made an
appropriation to defray the expenses of com
missioners ou the part of the United States to
the international statistical congress at St.
Petersburg, the persons appointed in that
character proc• eded to their destination and
attended the sessions of the congress. Their
report shall in due season be laid before you.
'lbis congress onsets at intervals of about
three years, and has held its sessions in several
of the countries of Europe. I submit to con
sideration the propriety of extending an invi
tation to the congress to hold its next meeting
in the United States. The centennial celebra
Lion to he held in 1876 would afford an appro
priate occasion for such meeting.
Preparations a:e making for the interna
tional exposition to he held during the next
year in Vienna. on a scale of very great magni
tude. The tendency of these expositions is in
the direction of advanced civilization, and of
the elevation of industry and of labor, and of
the increase of human happiness as well as of
greater intercourse and good will between
nations. As this exposition is to be the first
win:eh will have been held in eastern Europe
it is believed that American inventors and
manufacturers will be ready to avail them
selves cf the opportunity for the presentation
of their productions, if encouraged by proper
aid and protection. At the last session of
Congress authority was given for the appoint
meat of one or more agents to represent this
government at the exposition. The authority
thus given has been exercised, but in the ab
sence of any appropriation there is danger that
the important benefits which the occasion
offers will be in a large degree lost to the cit
izens of the United States. I recommend the
subject strongly to your consideration, and
recommend that au adequate appropriation be
made for the purpose. To further aid Ameri
can exhibitors at--the Vienna exposition I
would recommend in addition to an appropri
at.on of money that the Secretary of the Navy
be authorized to fit up two naval vessels to
transport between our Atlantic cities and
Trieste, or the most convenient point, to Vienna
and back their articles for exhibtion.
Since your last session the President of the
Mexican republic, distinguished by his high
character and by his services to his country,
has died. His temporary successor has been
elected with great unanimity by the people; a
proof of confidence on their part in his patri
otism and wisdom, which it is believed will be
confirmed by the results of his administration.
It is particularly desirable that nothing should
be left undone by the government of either of
the republics to strengthen their relations as
neighbors and friends. It is much to be re
gretted that many lawless acts continue to
disturb the quiet of the settlements on the
border between our -territory and that of Mex
ico, that complaints of wrongs to American
citizens in-various parts of the country are
made. The revolutionary condition in which
the neighboring republic has so tang been in
volved, has in some degree contributed to this
disturbance. It is to be hoped that with a
more settled rule of order through the repub
lic which may be expected from the present
government, the acts of which just complaint
is made will cease. The proceedings of the
commission under the convention with Mexico,
of the 4th of July, 18G8, on subject claims,
have unfortunately been checked by an obsta
cle for the removal of which measures have
been taken by the two governments, which, it
is believed, will prove successful. The com
missioner 3 appointed pursuant to the joint
resolution of Congress, of tiny last, to inquire
into the depredations on the Texan frontier,
have diligently made investigation in that
quarter. Their report spun the subject will
be communicated to you. Their researches
upon the subject were necessarily incomplete,
partly on account of the limited appropriation
made by Congress. Mexico, on the part of
that government, has appointed a similar com
mittee to investigate these outrages. It is not
announced officially, but the press of that
country state that the fullest investigation is
desired and that the co-operation of all par
ties concerned is invited to secure that end. I
therefore recommend that a special appropria
tion be made at the earliest day practicable to
enable the commissioners on the part of the
United States to return to their labors with
out delay.
It is with regret that 'have again to announce
a continuance of the flisturbed condition of the
island of Cuba. No advance toward the paci
fication of the discontented part of the popu
lation has bees made- While the insurrection
has gained no advantages and exhibits no
more of elements of power or of prospects of
ultimate success than were exhibited a year
ago, bpain, on the other hand, has not suc
ceeded in its repression, and the parties stand
apparently in the same relative attitude which
they have occupied for a long time past. This
contest has lasted now for more than four
years. Were it seen at a distance front our
neighborhood we might be indifferent to its
res"lt, although humanity could not be un
moved by many of its incidents wherever they
might occur. It is, however, at our door. 1
cannot doubt that the continued maintenance
of slavery in Cuba is among the strongest in
ducements to the continuance of chit strife.
A terrible wrong is the natural cause of a ter
rible evil. The abolition of slavery and the
introduction of other reforms in the adminis
tration of the government iu Cuba could not
fail to advance the restoration of peace and
order. It is greatly to be hoped that the pres
ant liberal government of Spain will volunta
rily adopt this view. The law of emancipa
tion, which was passed more than two years
*since, has remained unexecuted in the absence
of regulation for its enforcement. It was but
a feeble step toward emancipation, but it was
the recognition of right and ivas hailed as such
and exhibited Spain in harmony with the sen
timents of humanity 'and of justice, and io
sympathy with other powers of the christian
and civilized world. Within the first few
weeks the regulations for carrying out the law
of emancipation have been announced, giving
evidence of the sincerity of the present gov
ernment to carry into effect the law of 1870. I
have not failed to urge the consideration of
wisdom in the policy and the justice of a store
effective system for the abolition of a great
e7il which oppresses a relic and continues
bloody and destructive contest close to our
border, well as the expediency and the jus
tice oiconeeding reforms of which the propri
ety is not questioned: • I am deeplt impressed
with the conviction that the continuance of
slavery is one of the most active causes of
the unhappy condition in Cuba. I regret to
believe that citizens of the United States, or
those claiming to be such, are large holders
in Cuba of what is there claimed as property,
HUNTINGDON, PA., DECEMBER 11. 1872.
bat which is forbidden and denounced by the
laws of the United States. They aro thus, in
defiance of the spirit of our own laws, contri
bating to the continuance of this distressing
and sickening contest. 'ln my last annual
message I referred to this subject, and I again
recommend such legislation as may be proper
to denounce and, if not prevent, at least to dis
courage American citizens from holding or
dealing in slaves.
And it is gratifying to announce that rntifi
cations of the convention concluded under the
auspices of this government between Spain on
the one part and the allied republics of the
the Pacific on the other, providing for an ar
mistice, have been exchanged. A copy of the
instrument is herewith submitted. It his
hoped that this may be followed by permanent
peace between the same parties. the differ
ences which at one time threatened the main
tenance of peace between Brazil and the Ar
gentine republic it is hoped are in the way of
satisfactory adjustment. tt ith these states, as
with the republics of Central and South Amer
ica, they continue to maintain the mostfriend
,y relations. It is with regret, howeve-, I an
rounce that the government of Venezuela has
made no further payment of the awards under
the convention of the 25th of April, 1866. That
republic is understood to be now almost, if
not quite, tranquilized. It is to be hoped there
fore that it will lose na time in providing for
the unpaid balance of its debts to the United
States, which, having originat.d in injuries to
our citizens by Venezuelian authorities, and
having been acknowledged pursuant to a trea
ty in the most solemn form known among na
Lions, would seem to deserve a preference over
debts of different origin and contracted in a
different manner. This subject is again re
commended to the attention of congress, for
such action as may be deemed proper.
Our treaty relations with Japan remain un
changed. An imposing embassy from that
interesting and progressive nation visited this
country during the year that is passing, but
being unprovided with powers tor the sign
ing of a convention in this country no conciu
sion in that direction was reached. It is
hoped, however, that interchange of opinions
which took place during their stay in this
country has led to mutual appreciation of the
interest which may be promoted. When'the
revision of the existing treaty shall be under
taken in this connection I renew my recom
mendation of ohe year ago, that to give import
once and to add to the efficiency of our diplo
inatic relations with Japan and China and to
further aid in retaining the good opinion of
those people and to secure to the United
Stet, s its share of the commerce destined to
flow between those nations and the balance of
the commercial world, an appropriation be
made to support at least four American youths
in each of these countries, to serve as a part
of the official fittnily of our ministers there.
Our representatives would not even then be
placed upon an equality with the representa
tion of Great Britain or of some other powers.
As now situated our representatives in Japan
and China have to depend for interpreters and
translators upon natives of those countries,
who knew our language imperfectly or pro
cure for the occasion the services of employees
in foreign business houses, or the interpreter
to other foreign ministers.
I renew the recommendation made on a pre
vious occasion of the transfer to the depart
ment of the interior, to which these seem more
appropriately to belong, of all the powers and
duties in relation to the territories with which
the department of state is now charged by law
or by custom.
Congress from the beginning of the govern
ment has wisely made provision for the relief
of distressed seamen in foreign countries. No
similar provision, however, has hitherto been
made for the relief of citizens in distress
abroad other than seamen. It is understood to
be customary with other governments to author
ize consuls to extend such relief to their citi
z or subjects in certain cases. A s.milar
authority and an appropriation to carry it into
effect are commended in case of citizens ofthe
United States destitute or sick. Under such
circumstances it is well known that such citi
zens resort to foreign countries in great num
bers. Though most of them are able to bear
the expenses incident to lozomotion, there are
some who through accident or otherwise be
come penniless and have to friends at home
able to succor them. Persons in this situa
tion must either perish, cast themselves upon
the charity of foreigners or be relieved at the
private charge of our own officers, who, even
with their most benevolent dispositions, have
nothing to spare for such purposes. Should
the authority and appropriation asked for
granted care will be taken to carry the
beneficience of congress into effect that it shall
not he unnecessarily or unworthy bestowed.
The moneys received and converted into the
treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30,
1872, were : From customs, $216,370,287,77 ;
from sales of public lands, $2,575,714.14;
from internal revenue $130,642,167.52; from
tax on national bank circulation, etc., $652,-
'339,539 ; from Pacific railroad companies,
$739,861.87; from customs, fines, etc., $1,136,-
432.44 ; from fees, consular, patent land, etc.,
$2,1.64,095.92; from miscellaneous sources,
$4,412,254.71 ; total ordinary receipts, $364,-
694,229.91 ; from premium on sales of coin,
$94.412,737.65; total net receipts, $374,106,-
867.56 ; balance in treasury June 10, 1871,
$109,935,705.59, including unavailable ; total
available cash, $484,042,573.15.
The net expenditures by warrants during
the same period were For civil expenses, $l6,-
189,0 f 9.20 • for foreign intercourse, $1,839,-
369.14; Indians, $7,061,728.82 ; pensions, $28,-
533,402.76 ; for military establishment, includ
ing fortifications, river and harbor improve
ments, and arsenals, $35,372,157.20; for naval
establishments, including vessels and machi
nery, and improvements at navy yard, $21,-
249,809.99 ; for miscellaneous civil, including
public buildings, light houses and collecting
the revenue, $542,958,329.08 ; interest on the
public debt, $117,353,839.72; total, exclusive
of principal and premium on the public debt,
$270,559,695.91 ; for premium on bonds pur
chased, 6,958,266.76 ; for redemption of the
public i.ebt, 99,960,253.54; total, 106,918,530.-
30 ; total net disbursement, 377,478,116.11 ;
balance in the treasury June 30, 1864, 106,
564,356.94; total, 484,042,573.15. From the
foregoing statement it appears 'that the net
redaction of the principal of the debt during
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1872, was
99,960,253.54. The source of this reduction
is as follows Net ordinary receipts during the
year, 364,694,229.91 ; net ordinary expendi
tures, including interest on pulic debt, 270,-
559,695.91 ; total, 941,345,340 ; add amount
received from premium n sales of gold in
excess of the premium paid on bondspurchas
ed, 245,437,080. Add the amount of the re
duction of the cash balance at the close of the
year, ..ccompained with same at the commence
ment of the year, 3,371,348.65; total, 9,996,
025,354. This statement treats solely of the
principal of the public debt. By the monthly
statement of the public debt, which adds to
gether the principal, interest due and unpaid,
and interest accrued to date, riot due, and de
ducts the cash in the treasury as ascertained
on the day of publication. The reduction was
100,544,891.28. The source of the reduction
is as follows : Reduction in principal account,
99,960,003 54 ; reducation in unpaid interest
account, 3,330,9,2.96 ; total 103,290,956.50 ;
reduction in cash on hand, 2,746,465.22 ; total
100,544,491.28. On the basis of the last table
the statements show a reduction of the public
debt from the first of March, 1869, to the pres
ent time as follows :
From March 1, 1860, to March 1, 1870, $87,-
134,78?.84 ; from March 1, 1870, to March 1,
1871, $94,895,348.94 ; from March 1, 1872, td
November 1, 1872, (eight months), $64,047,-
237.84. Total, $363,696,999.87.
As with the great reduction of taxation by
the acts of Congress last session, the expendi
ture of the government in collecting the reve
nue will be much reduced for the next fisco
year. It is very doubdul, however, whether
en vexations a burthen upon any people will
be practicable for the present at all, even as a
measure of justice to the lio:ders of the na
tion's certificates of indebtedness. 1 would
recommend that no more legislation be had on
this subject unless it be to correct errors of
omission and commission in the present law
until sufficient time has elapsed to prove that
it can be done and shall leave sufficient rove
nue to meet the current expenses of the gov
ernment, pay the interest on the public debt
and provide for the sinking food established
by law. The preservation of our national
credit is of the highest importance. Next in
importance to this comes a solemn duty to
provide a note currency of fixed unvarying
value as compared with gold, and as soon as
practicable, having due regard for the interests
of the debtor class and the vicissitudes of trade
anc commerce convertible into gold at par.
The report of the secretary of the war de
partment shows the expenses of that depart
ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1871,
to ie $2),799,991.82, and for the fiscal year
e:.ling June 30, 1872, to be $35,372,157.20,
shcwing a reduction in favor of the last year
of $432,834.62. The estimates for military
ap7ropriations for the next fiscal year ending
Jute 30, 1873, are $33,801,378.78.
rite estimate of the chief engineers arc sub
mi.ted separately for fortification, river and
harbor improvements. and for public build
ins and grounds and the Washington aqua
duct.
The affairs of the freedmen's bureau have
all been transferred to the war department and
regulations have been put into execution for
the speedy payment of bounty, ry, etc., due
the colored soldiers properly corning under
that bureau.
111 war accounts for money and property
pr'or to 1871 have been examined and trans
mitted to the treasury fs fioal settlement.—
During the fiscal year there hare been paid
foe transportation on railroads $1,360,000, of
witch $800,857 was over the Pacific railroad.
For transportation by water, $626,373.52, and
by stage $48,975.84, and for the purchase of
transportation animals, wagons, hire of team
sters, etc., $924,650.64. About $7 ~000 have
beta collected from southern railroads during
the year, leaving about $4,000,000 still due.
tike quartermaster has examined and trans-1
mitted to the accounting officers for settlement I
$357,172.72 of claims by loyal citizens for
quartermasters' stores during the war. Sub
sistance supplies to the amount of $890,48.12
have been issued to the Indians.
The annual average mean strength of the
aruy up to date is 24,101 NN hite and 2,404 col
ored soldiers. The total deaths for the year
reported were 367 white and 04 colored.
The distribution of the medical and surgical
history of the war is yet to be ordered by con
gress. There exists an absolute necessity for
a medical corps of the full number, established
by act of congress of July 28, 1866, there be
ing now fifty-nine vacancies, and the numoer
of successful candidates rarely exceed eight or
tee in any one year.
The river and harbor improvements have
bean carried on with energy and economy Um'
msny are only partially completed, and the re
sults have saved to commerce many times the
amnia expended, the increase of commerce,
with greater depths of channels, greater seen
rity in navigation, and the saving of time, adds
millions to the wealth of the country, and in
creases the resources of the government.
The bridge across the Mississippi river at
Rock Island has been completed, and the pro
per site has been determined upon for the
bridge at La Crosse. Theable and exhaustive
report made by the commissioner appointed to
investigate the Sutro tunnel has been trans
mitted to congress.
The observations and reports of the signal
omen have been continued, and stations have
been maintained at each of the principal lake,
seaport and river cities. Ten adoitional sta
tions have been established in the United
States and arrangements have been made for
an exchange of reports with Canada, and a
similar exchange of obset , ations is contempla
ted with tl,e West India islands.
The favorable attention of congress is invi•
ted to the following recommendations of the
secretary of war
_ _
'A discontinuance of the appointment of
extra lieutenants to serve as adjutants and
quartermasters. The adoption of a code pro
viding specific penalties for well defined offen
ses, so that the inequality of sentences ad
judged by courts martial may be adjusted. The
consolidation of accounts under which expen
ditures are made as a measure of economy.—
A reappropriatiou of the money for the con
struction of a depot at San Antonio, the title
of the site being now perfected. A opecialact
placing the cemetery at the city of Mexico, on
the same basis as other national cemeteries ;
authority to purchase sites for military posts
in Texas ; the appointment of commissary ser
geants from non commissioned officers as a
measure for securing the better care and pro
tection of supplies; au appropriation for the
publication of the catalogue and table of the
anatomical section of the army medical muse
um ; reappropriation of the amount for the
manufacture of breech loading arms; should
the selection be so delayed by the board of
officers as to leave the former appropriation
unexpended at the close of the fiscal year, the
sale of such arsenals east 01 the Mississippi as
can be spared and the proceeds applied to the
establishment of one large arsenal of construe
tion and repair upon the Atlantic coast and
the purchase of a suitable site for a proving
and experimental ground for heavy ordnance.
The abrogation of laws which deprive inven
tors in the United States service from deriving
any benefit from their inventions. The repeal
of the law prohibiting promotions in tho staff
corps; a continuance of the work upon coast
defences ; the repeal of the seventh section of
the act of July 13, 1866, taking from engineer
soldiers the per diem granted to other troops;
a limitation of time fur the presentation of old
war claims for subsistence supplies under the
act of July 4, 1864, and a modification in the
mode of the selection of cadets for the milita
ry academy in order to nhance the usefulness
of the academy, which is impaired by reason
of the large amount of time necessarily expend
ed in giving new cadets a thorough knowledge
of the more elementary branches of learning,
which they should acquire before entering the
academy. Also, an appropriation for philo
sophical apparatus, and an increase in the,
numbers and pay of the military academy
band.
"The attention of congress will be called for
the more certain and cheaper transportation
of the constantly increasing surplus of western
and southern products to the Atlantic sea,.
board."
The subject is one that will force itself upon
the legislative branch of the government soon
er or later, and I suggest that immediate stops
be taken to gain all available information to
insure equable and just legiiation.
The route to connect the slississippi valley
with the Atlantic ocean at Charleston, South
Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia, by water,
by the way of the Ohio and Tennessee rivers
and canals and slackwater to the Savannah
and Ocmulgee rivers has been surveyed, and a
report made by an accomplished engineer of
ficer of the army. The second And third new
routes will be prepared for the consideration
of congress, namely, by an extension of the
Chesapeake and Ohio canal. lam not prepa
red to recommend government aid to these or
other enterprises until it is already shown
they are not only of a national interest, but
when completed they will be of a value Com
mensurate with their cost.
That production increases more rapidly than
the means of transportation in our country
has been demonstrated by post experience that
the unprecedented growth in population and
products of the whole country will require
additional facilities and cheaper ones for the
more bulky articles of commerce to reach tido
water, and that a market will be demanded in
the near future is equally demonstrated. I
would therefore suggest either a committee or
commission be authorized to consider this
whole question and to report to congress at
some future day for its better guidance in le
gislatingen this important subject. Railroads
of the country have been rapidly extended du
ring the last few years to meet the growing
demands of production, and rellectmuclicred
it upon capitalists and managers engaged. In
addition to these, a project to facilitate cont.
mere° by the building of a ship canal around
Niagara falls, on the United States side, which
has been agitated for many years, wilt no
doubt be called to your attention at this ses
sion. Looking to the great future growth of the
country, and increasing demands of commerce,
it might be well while on this ,übject tat have
examined and reported upon the various prac
ticable routes for connecting the Mississippi
with the water on the Atlantic; and the feasi
bility of an almost continuous land locked na
vigation from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico,—
Such a route along our coast would be of
great value at all times, and of inestimable
value in case of a foreign war. Nature• has
provided the greater part of this route and the
obstacles to be overcome arc easily within
the skill of the engineer. I have not alluded
to this subject with the view of having any
further expenditure of public money at this
time than may be necessary to procure and
place all the necessaryinformatiop before eon,
gress in an authentic form to enable it here
after, if deemed practicable and worthy, to
legislate on the subject without delay.
The report of the secretary of the navy,
herewith accompanying, explains fully the
condition of that branch of the public service
—its wants and deficiencies, expenses incurred
during the past year and appropriations for
the same. It also gives a complete history of
the services of the navy for the past year in
addition to its regular service. It is evident
that unless early steps are taken to preserve
our navy that in a very few years the United
States will be the weakest nation upon the
ocean of all the great powers. With an en
ergetic and progressive business people like
ours, penetrating and forming business re.a
tions with every part of the known world, a
navy strong enough to command the respect
of oar flag abroad is necessary for the full pro
tection of their rights. 1 would therefore re
commend careful consideration by congress of
the recommendations made by the secretary
of the navy.
The accompanying report of the postmaster
general furnishes a full and satisfactory exhi
bition of the operations of the post office de
partment during the year. The ordinary rev
enues of the department for the fiscal year
ending June 30. 1872, amounted to 21,915,-
426.37 and the expenditures to 26,658,202.31.
Compared with the present fiscal year the in
crease of revenue was 1.878,380.95, or 9.37
Per eery., and the increase of such expendi
tures 2,268,088.23, or 9.29 per cent. Adding
to the ordinary revenues the annual appropri
alien of 700,000 for free matter and the 1
amounts paid to subsidized mail steamship
lines from special appropriations, the deficien
cy paid out of the general treasury was 3,317,
765 94, an excess of 38,970,728 over the deft
ciency for the yesr 1871.
Other interesting statistical informat on re
lating to our rapidly extending postal service
is furnished in this report. The total length
of railroad mail routes on the 30th of June,
1872, was 57,911 miles, 8,077 additional miles
of such service having been put into operation
during the year. Eight new lines of railway
post offices have been established, with an
aggregate length of 2,909 miles. The number
of letter- exchanged in the mails with foreign
countries was 25,462,500; an increase of
4,066, or 20 per cent. over the number of 1871,
and the postage thereon amounted to 1,871,
257.25. The total weight of the mails ex
changed with European countries exceeded
820 tons. The cost of the United States
trans-Atlantic steamship service was 220,301.
70. The total cost of the Uuited States ocean
steamship service. including the amount paid
to the subsidized lines of mail steamers, was
1,027,020.97.
The following are the only steamship lines
now receiving subsidies for mail service under
special acts of Congress. The Pacific mail
steamship company receives 500,000 per an
num for carrying a monthly mail between San
Francisco and China and Japan, which will be
increased to 1,000,000 per annum on and after
October 1, 1873. The United States and Bra
zil mail steamship company receives 150,000
for conveying a monthly mail between New
York and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Cali.
fornia, Oregon and Mexican steamship com
pany receives 75,000 per annum for carrying a
monthly mail between San Francisco and
Honolulu, Hawaiian islands, making she total
amount of mail steamship subsidies at present
725,000 per annum. Our postal communica•
tions with all parts of the civilized world have
been placed upon amost advantageous footing
by the improved postal conventions, and ar
rangements recently concluded with the lead
ing commercial countries of Europe and
America, and the gratifying statement is mode
that with the conclusion of a satisfactory con
vention with France, the details of which
have been definitely agreed to by the head of
the French postal department subject to the
approval of the minister of finance, little re
mains to be accomplished by the treaty for
some time to come with respect either to a
reduction of rates or improved facilities of .
postal intercourse.
. .
Your favorable consideration is respectfully
invited to the recommendations made by the
postmaster general for an increase of service
from monthly to semi monthly trips on the
mail steamship route to Brazil and for a sub
sidy an ai of the establishment of an Ameri
can line of mail steamers between San Fran
cisco and New Zealand and Australia; also
for the establishment of post offices, savings
banks, and for the increase of the salaries of
the heads of bureaus.
I have heretofore recommended the aboli
tion of the franking privilege and see no reason
now for changing my views on that subject.
It not having been favorably regarded by
Congress, however, I now suggest a modifies
tioc of that privilege, to correct its glaring
and costly abuses.
I will recommend also the appointment of a
committee or commission to take into considera
tion the best method equitable to private corpora-
VC1139 who have invested their time and capital in
the establishment of telegraph lines of acquiring
the title to all telegraph lines now in operation,
and of connecting this service with the postal
service of the nation. It is not probable that this
subject could receive the properconsideration dur
ing the limits of a short session of congress, but it
may be initiated so that future action may be fair
to the government and to private parties concerned.
There are bu;three lines of ocean steamers, name
ly, the Pacific mail steamship company, between
San Francisco and China and Japan, with provi
sion made fur sem-imonthly service after October 1,
1872, the United States and Brasil line (monthly)
and the California and New Zealand and Austra
lia line (monthly), playing between the United
States and foreign ports and owned and operated
under our flag. I earnestly recommend that such
liberal contracts for carrying the mails be anthem
iced with these lilies us will insure their continu
ance. If the expediency of extending the aid of
the government to lines of steamers which hitherto
have not received it should be deemed worthy of
t e consideration of congress, political and com
mercial objects make it advisable to bestow such
aid on a line under our flag between Panama and
the western South American ports. By this means
much trade, now diverted to other countries, might
be brought to us to the material advantage of this
tuntry, and those lying in that quarter of the
continent of America.
The report of the secretary of the treasury will
show an alarming falling off in our carrying trade
for the last ten or twelve years, and even for the
past year. Ido not believe that the publio treas
ure con be better expended in the interest of the
whole people than in trying to recover this trade.
An expeditere of $5,000.000 per annum for the
next five years, if it would restore to us our pro
portion of the carrying trade of the world would
be profitably expended. The price of labor in
Europe has so much enhanced within the last four
years that the coat of building and operating ocean
steamers in the United States is not so much
greater then in Europe, that I believe thetime has
arrived fur congress to take this subject into seri
ous consideration.
Detailed statements of thedisbursements through
the departments of justice will be furnished by the
report of the attorney general, though these have
been somewhat increased by the recent acts of
congress to enforce the rights of citizens of the
United States to vote in the several states of the
Union and to enforce the provisions of the four
teenth amendment to the constitution of the United
States and the amendments thereto. I cannot
question the necessity and statutory effect of these
enactments. Recklesg and lawless men, I regret to
say, have associated themselves together in some
localities to deprive other citizens of the rights
guaranteed to them by the constitution of the
United States and to that end have committed
deeds of blood and violence, but the prosecution
and punishment of many of the persons have tend
ed greatly to the repression of such disorders. I
do not doubt that a great majority of the people
in all parts of the country favor the full enjoy
ment, by all classes of persons, of those rights to
which they are entitled under the constitution and
laws, and I invoke the aid and influence of all
good citizens to prevent organizations whose ob
jects are, by unlawful means, to interfere with
these rights. I look with confidence to a time not
far distant when the obvious advantages of good
order and peace will induce an abandonment of
all combinations prohibited by the acts reterrod to,
and when it would be unnecessary to sorry on
persecutions or inflict punishments to protect citi
zens from the lawless doings of such combinations.
Applications have been made to me to pardon per
sops convicted of a yielation of said acts. upon the
ground : that clemency in such cases would tend to
tranquilize the public mind, and tu test the virtue
of that policy. fam diepoeed, so far as my sense
of duty will permit, to give to these applications a
favorable consideration, but any action thereon is
not to be construed as indicating any change in
my determination to enforce with rigor such acts
so long as the conspiracies and combinations there
in named disturb the peace of the country. It is
mush to be regretted. and is regretted by no one
more than myself, that a necessity has ever existed
to execute the enforcement act. No one can desire
more than I that the necessity of applying it may
never again be demanded.
The Secretary of the Interior reports satisfactory
imnrovemegt and progress in each of the several
bureaus under the control of the interior depart
ment. They are all In excellent condition the
work of which in come of them for some years has
been brought down to a recent date, and in all the
current business has been promptly dispatched.
The policy which was adopted at the beginning
of this administration with regard to the manage
ment of the Indians, baa been as successful as its
most ardent friend. anticipated within so short a
time. It has reduced the expenses of their man
agement, decreased their forages upon the white
' settlements, tended to give the largest opportunity
fur the extension of thegreat railways through the
public domain and the pushing of settlements into
more remote districts of the country, and at the
same time improved the condition of the Indians.
Tne policy will be maintained without any change,
excepting such as further experience may show to
be necessary to render it more efficient.
The subject or converting the so-called Indian
territory south of Kansas into a home for the In
dian, and erecting therein a territorial form of
government, is one of great importance as a com
pliment of the existing Indian policy. The ques
tion of removal to that territory has within the
pest year been presented to many of the tribes
resident upon other and less desirable portions of
the public domain, and has generally been receiv
ed by them with favor. As a prelimivary step to
the organization of such a territory it will he ne
cessary to confine the Indians now resident therein
to farms of proper size, which should be secured to
them in fee, the reeidue to be used for the settle
ment of other friendly Indians. Mores will be
made in the immediate future to induce the re
moval of as many peaceably disposed Indians to
the Indian territory as can be settled property
without disturbing the harmony of these already
there. There is no other location now available
where a people who are endeavoring to acquire a
knowledge of pastoral and agrieultu al pursuits
can be as well accommodated as upon the unoccu
pied land:: in the Indian territory.
A territorial government should, however, pro
tect the Indians from the inroad of whites for a
term of years, until they become sufficiently ad
vanced in the arts and civilization to guard their
own rights, and from the dieposal of the lands he! t
by them for the seine period.
During the last fiscal year there were disposed
of out of the pubic lands 11,864,975 acres, a quan
tity greater by 1,099, 2711 acres than was disposed
of the previous year. Of this amount 1,370,320
acres were sold for cash; 379,460 acres located
with military warrants; 4,671,332 acres taken for
hoinesteads • 693,013 acres located with college
ecrip; 3,634 ,887 acres granted to railroads ; 465,-
347 acres granted to wagon roads; 715,255 acres
given to states as swamp land; 5.760 acres located
by Indian scrip. The each receipts from all sour
ces in the land office amounted to 3,218,100. Dur
ing the same period 22,01(1.608 acres of the public
land were surveyed, which, added to the quantity
before surveyed amount. to 583,864,780 acres,
leaving 1,257,633,628 acres of the public land still
unsurveyed. The reports from the subordinates
of the land office contain interesting information 1
in regard to their, respective districts. They uni
formly mention the fruitfulness of the soil storing
the past season, and the increased yield of all
kinds of produce, even in those states and terri
tories where mining is the principal business,
agricultural products have exceeded the local de
mand, and liberal shipments have been made to
distant points. Patents during the year ending
September 311, 1872, there were issued from the
patent office 13,626 patents, 233 extensions, and
556 certfficates and registers of trade marks; dur
ing the same time, 19.587 app[ awls for patents,
including 10 issue. end designs, have been received,
and 3,10 U caveats filed. The lees received during
the same period amounted to $700,951.86. and the
total expenditures to $623.553.90, making the net
receipts over the expenditures, 577,400,26. Since
1836, 200,000, applications for patents have been
filed and about 133,000 patents lamed. Theottice
is being conducted under the same laws and gen
eral organization as were adopted at its original
inauguration when only from 100 to 500 applica
tions were made per auburn. The commissioner
shows that the office has outgrown the original
plan, and tact a new organization has become
necessary. This subject was presented to congress,
in a special communication, in February last, with
my approval and the approval of the secretary of
the interior, and the suggestions contained in said
communication were embraced in the bill that was
reported to the house by the committee on patents
at the last session. The subject of the reorgan
ization of the patent office ' as completed by the
bill referred to. is one of such importance to the
industrial interests of the country that I will own
mand it to the attention of congress. The commis
sioner also treats the subject of the eetiaratioa of
the patent office from the department of the interior.
This subject is also embraced in the bill heretofore
referred to. The commissioner complains of the
want of from for the model gallery and fur the
working force, and the necessary files of the office.
It is impossible to transact the business of the
office properly without more room in which to
arrange files and drawings that must be consulted
daily in the transaction of business. The whole
of the patent office will soon be needed, if not
already. for the accommodation of the business of
the patent office and pensions. The amount paid
for pensions in the last fiscal year was $30.169,340,
an amount larger by $37,034.34 than wee paid
during the preceding year, Of this amount $2,-
313,409 were paid under the act of congress of
February 17, 1871, to survivors of the war of 1812.
The annual increase of pensions by the legislation
of congress has more than kept pace with the
natural yearly losses from the rolls. The act of
congress of June 8. 1872, has added an estimated
amount of $750,000 per annum to the rolls without
increasing the number of pensioners. We cannot,
therefore, look for any substantial decrease in the
expenditures of this department for some time to
come, or so long as congrees continues to so change
the rates of pension. The whole number of soldiers
enlisted in the war of the rebellion was 2,68,523.
The-total number of claims for invalid pensions is
176.000, being but six per cent. of the whole num
ber of enlisted men ; the total number of claims on
hand at the beginning of the year was 90,689; the
number received during the year was 26,574; the
number disposed of was 39.178, making a net
gain of 12.604; the number of claims now on file is
79.085. On the 30th of June, 1872, there were on
the rolls the names of 55,405 invalid military pen
sioners; 113,518 widows, orphans and dependent
relatives, making an aggregate of 208,923 army
pensioners, at the same time there were on the
rolls the names 1,419 navy pensioners, and 1,730
widows. orphans and dependent relations, making
the whole number of naval pensioners 3,189.
There have been received since the passage of the
act to provide pensions for the survivors of the
war of 1812. 36,551 applications prior to Juue 30,
1872. Of them there were allowed during the past
I fiscal year 20,126 claims, and 4.845 were rejected
during the year, tearing 11,560 claims, pending at
that date. The number of pensions of all classes
I granted during the last fiscal year was 33,838.
During that period there were dropped from the
rolls for various muses 9.104 names, leaving a
grand total of 232,229 pensioners on the rolls on
the 30th of June, 1872. It 18 thought that the
claims for pensions on account of the war of 1812
will all be disposed of by the lot of Slay. 1773.
It is estimated that $30,480,000 will be it quired
for the pension servioe during the next fiscal year.
The ninth census is about to be completed. Its
early completion is a matter of congratulation,
inasmuch as the use to he made of the statistics
therein contained depends very greatly on the
promptitude of publication. The 'mere cry of the
interior reeommende'that a census be taken in 1375,
which recommendation should receive the early
attention of congress. The interval at present
established between the federal census is so long
that the information obtained at the decimal per
iods as to the material resources of the nation is of
little value after the expiration of the first half of
that period. It would probably obviate the con
stitutional provision regarding the decimal census
it' a =Pus taken in 1875 should be divested of all
political character and no reapportionment of con
gressional representation be made under it. Such
a census, coming as it would is the last year of
the first century of our national existence, would
furnish a noble monument of the progress of the
United States during that century. The rapidly
increasing interest in education is a most encour
aging feature in the current history of the country,
and it is no doubt true that this is dun in a grant
measure to the efforts of the bureau of education.
That office is continually receiving evidences , which
abundantly prove its efficiency from the various
institutions of learning and educators of all kinds
throughout the country. The report of the com
missioner contains a vast amount of educational
details of great interest. The bill now pending
before congress providing for the appropriation of
the net proceeds of the sales of public lands fur
educational purposes, to aid the steles in the gen
eral education of the rising generation, is a
measure ofsuch vital itn porta nee to our real progress,
and is so unanimously approved by the leading
friends of education, that I commend it to the
favorable attention of congress.
Arnie, in the territories are generally satisfact
ory. The energy and business capacity of the
pioneers who are settling up the vast domain's not
yet incorporated into states are keeping pace in
internal improvements and civil government witb
the older communities. In but one of them, Utah,
is the condition of affairs unsatisfactory, except
no far as the quiet of the citizens may be disturbed
by rea lor imaginary danger of Indian hostilities.
It has eeemed to be the policy of the legislature of
Utah to evade all reeponsibility4e. the government
of the United States. and even to huh a position
in hnetility to it. I recommend to earefitli . .e .,z :isien
of the present laws of the territory by gross,
and the eneetment of such a law as the oneso.
..
posed in .egress at its last session, for Melon
or something similar to it, as will secure peac e
end the equality of all citizens before the law, and
the ultimate extinguishment of polygamy.
Since the estnblishment of a territorial govern
ment for the District of Columbia, the improvement
of the condition of the city of Washington end
surroundings, and the increased prosperity of the
citizens le observable to the most casual visitor.
The nation being a large owner of the p-operty in
that city, it should beer with the citizens of the
district a jest share of the cxpenee of these im
provements. I recommend. therefore, an appropri
ation to reimburse the citizens for the work done
by them along end in front of the 'public ground.
during the past year, and liberal appropriations
in order that the improvement and embellishment
of the public buildings and grounds may keep
pace with the improvements made by the territor
ial authorities.
NO. 49.
The report of the commissioner of agriculture
gives a very full and interesting account of the
several divi-lone of that department; the horti
cultural, agricultural, entomological and chemical,
and the beuefits conferred by each on the agricul
tural interests of the country. The whole report
is a complete history of the workings of that de
partment in all its branches, showing the manner
in which the farmer, merchant and miner is in
formed, and theext.nt to which h.• is aided in Lis
pursuit, The commissioner makes one recom
mendation—that measures Le taken by congress
to protect and induce the planting of forests, and
suggests that no pert of the public lands should
be disposed of without the condition that one
tenth of it be reserved in timber where it exists,
and where it did not exist inducements should be
offered for planting it.
In accordance with the terms of the act of con
gress, Reproved March a, 1871, providing for the
eeteorattott of the one hundredth anniversary of
American independence,a commission has been or
,genized, consisting of two members from each of
the states and territories. This commission has
held two sessions, and has made satisfactor3, pro
gress in the organization and in the initiatory
steps necessary for carry ing out the provisions uC
the act and for executing also the provisions or the
act of June I, 1,371, creating a centennial board of
finance. A preliminary report of progr.ce has
been received from the president of the CUM mierion,
and is herewith transmitted. It will be the duty
of the commission at your coming session to
transmit a full report of the progress made, and
lay before you details relative to the exhibition of
our own and foreign artists, products and menu
factures, which, by the terms of the act, is to he
held under the ampie. s of the government of the
United States, in the city of Philadelphia, in the
year 1876.
This ce'ebration will be looked forward to by
American citizens with great interest, as making
a century of great. r progress and prosperity than
is recorded in the history of any other native. and
is serving a further good purpose in bringing to
gether on our soil people of all the commercial
nations of the world in a manner calculated to
evince international good feeling.
Art earnest desire has been felt to correct abuses
which have grown up in the civil service of the
country through the defective method of making
appointments to office. Heretofore federal offices
have been regarded too much es the reward of
political services. Under authority of congress
rules have been established to regulate the tenure
of office and the mode of eppoin , inenis. It cannot
be expected that any cyst, n of rues can be entire
ly °Elective, and prone a perfect remedy for the
existing evils until they have been thoroughly
tried by actual practice and amended according to
the requirements of the service. During my term
of office it shall be my earnest endeavor to so
apply the rifles as to secure the greatest pouible
reform in the civil service of the government, but
it will require the direct action of Congres ro ren
der the enforcement of the system binding upon
any successor, and I hope that the experience of
the past year, together with appropriate legislation
by congress, may reach a satisfactory solution of
this question and secure to the public service for
all time a practical method of obtaining faithful
and efficient officers and employees.
U. S. Glum..
Execreive MANSION, Dee. 2, 1872.
Oincationat.
Education, and the Science and Art
of Teaching.--No. 3.
TRUE SCHOLARSHIP.
In endeavoring to draw the portraiture
of an educated man, we dare not be con
tent with the delineation of one who has
limited his investigations to any particular
profession. A very high position may be
attained by observation and application in
a special department, without the culture
and discipline (and the many advantages
which these confer) of ripe scholarship.
True scholarship embraces more than
an accumulation of facts upon the many
st,bjects embraced in literature and science,
A memoriter knowledge of the contents of
the complete course of text-books of the
schools, may excite the admiration of the
unlearned, w.thout bestowing the finish
and power of an education. The mind
that has been long and thoroughly discip
lined, acquires the ability of classifying
and arranging the facts and principles of
science and knowledge, so as to be at com
mand when needed; reaches an accuracy
anti quickness of intellectual perception,
which secures against deception and suc
cessfully exposes any attempted imposition
or fraud, confers the power of using all
that has been gathered, from a thousand
, sources, in the elucidation of the subject
under discussion, in propounding that
which may be new, or defending that which
may be old. In the exercise and display
of this coveted power, there must needs be
the consciousness of its possession, leading,
not to a vain ostentation of learning, but
more likely and more naturally, to a mod
est and dignified bearing, to that ease and
composure of manner which a well-ground
ed self reliance and unavoidable self res
pect inevitably create and maintain.
The popular dread of profound scholar
ship, as calculated to foster a haughty
spirit and a disdainful view of the ordinary
pursuits of life, is founded more on mis
conception and ignorance, than on fact.—
The true scholar may not have mingled
sufficiently with the artful, the crafty, the
selfish, and the cunning, to be able, at a
glance, to comprehend their designs and
purposes, but he is not a novice in the in
terpusition of human character, and of
men or honesty and integrity, be is not ig
norant. Equally mistaken is the too com
mon judgment, that a thorough and com
plete education disqual.fies for practical
usefulness and daily toil. Mental, as well
as moral quabfications, inhere not in the
training, but in the person trained, anti
these modified, counteracted, resisted or
strengthened, as they may be by the influ
ences under which an education may be
pursued, will nevertheless reappear in ev
ery situation of life, and mark the individ
uality of' their possessor. The absence of
practical tact and ready adaptation to the
varying circumstances of an eventful life,
are found as welt among the ignorant as
among the learned. The want of thrift
and of the numberless comforts and conve
niences of life, are not confined to the
haunts and the homes of emaciated stu
dents. Study and knowledge will not, in
deed, add to the talent of any one, but it
will mightily quicken and direct that pos
sessed, and aid in accomplishing the grand
est results for which we are competent.
Such being the character contemplated,
to what may it be devoted ? What, in
other words, are the aim= and results of'
education ? These questions we will en
deavor to answer in future numbers, as
we wish to close this one with a couple of
notes on the science and art of teaching.
PUPILS TO BE LEAD TO DO EVERYTHING
FOR THEMSELVES.
A sillkful teacher will never decline to
'end a helping hand to his pupils when
such assistance is necessary; but he should
caretnlly avoid doing too much for them.
Inexperienced teachers are often induced
to give unnecessary assistance to the pupil,
front feelings of mistaken kindness, or
from ignorance of the child's mental capa
city. Milk is fit lb , d for babes. and beef
adults. The fritter are fed with a
sp but who would dare to offer such
infanti civil.ties to the latter? What
man, enjoy' the use of his hands, would
patiently and t kfully accept such un
necessary and ill-adit ed kindness? %Me..
So with the teacher an e taught. There
should be no unnecessary n I.t
erary clanging—in the public not or
private study. Pupils should be to
exercise their own tacultiea—taught to de
pend on their own mental resources; and,,
as a rule, the teacher should never do any
(Concluded on fourth page.)