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PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
Feflew-Citizens of the Senate and
House of Representatives :—After a
brief interval the Congress of the Uni
ted States resumes its annual logisla.
tive labors. An all-wise and merciful
Providence has abated the pestilence
which visited our shores, leaving its
calamitous traces upon some portions
of our country. Peace, order, tran
quility and civil authority have been
formally declared to exist throughout
the whole of the United States. In all
the States civil authority has superse
ded the coercion of arms, and the peo
ple, by their voluntary action, are
maintaining their governments in full
activity and complete operation. The
enforcement of the laws is no longer
"obstructed in any State by combina
tions too powerful to be suppressed by
the ordinary course of judicial procee
dings," and the animosities:engendered
by the war are rapidly yielding to the
beneficent influences of our free insti
tutions, and to the kindly effects of un
restricted social and commercial inter
course. An entire restoration of fra
ternal feeling must be the earnest wish
of every patristic heart, and wo will
have accomplished our grandest nation
al achievement when, forgetting the
sad events of the past, and remember
ing only their instructive lessons, we
resume our onward career as a free,
prosperous, and united people.
Iu my message of the 4th of Decem
ber, 1865, Congress was informed of
the measures which had been institu
ted by the Executive with a view to
the gradual restoration of the States
in which the insurrection enured to
their relations with the General Gov
ernment. Provisional Governors had
been appointed, Conventions called,
Governors elected, Legislatures assem
bled, and Senators and Representa
tives chosen to the Congress of the
United States. Courts had been
opened for the enforcement of laws
long in abeyance. The blockade had
been removed, custom houses re-estab
lished, and the internal revenue laws
put in force, in order that the people
might contribute to the national income
Postal operations had been renewed,
and efforts were being made to restore
them to their former condition of ctn.
ciency. The States themselves had
been asked to take part in the high
function of amending the Constitution
and of thus sanctioning the extinction
of African slavery as ono of the legiti
mate results of our internecine strug
gle:
Baying progressed thus far, the Ex
ecutive Department found that it had
accomplished nearly all that was with•
in the scope of its constitutional autho
rity. One thing,howover, yet remain
ed to be done before the work of resto
ration could be completed,, and that
was the admission to Congress of loyal
Senators and Representatives from the
States whose people bad rebelled
against the lawful authority of the
General Government. This question
devolved upon the respective Houses,
which, by the Constitution, are made
the judges of the elections, returns and
qualifications of their own members;
and its consideration at once engaged
the attention of Congress.
In the meantime, the Executive De
partment—no other plan having been
proposed by Congresscontinued its
efforts to perfect, as far as was practi
cable, the restoration of the proper re
lations between the citizens of the re
spective States, the States, and the
Federal Government, extending from
time to 'time, as the. public interests
seemed to require, the judicial, rove-
Imo, and postal system of the country.
With the advice and consent of the
Senate, the necessary officers were ap
pointed, and appropriations made by
Congress for the payment of their sal
aries. The proposition to amend the
Federal. Constitution, so as to prevent
the existence of slavery within the
United States or any place subject to
their jurisdiction was ratified by the
requisite number of States; and on the
18th day of December, 1865, it was of.
&lady declared to have beeo no valid
as a part of the Constitution of the
United States. All of the States in
which the insurrection had existed
promptly amended their Constitutions
so as to make them conform to the
great change thus effected in the or
ganic law of the land; declared null
and Void all ordinances and laws of se
cession; repudiated all pretended debts
and obligations erected for the revolu
tionary purposes of the insurrection;
and proceeded, in good faith, to the
„enactment of measures for the protec
tion and amelioration of the condition
of the colored race.
Congress, however, yet hesitated
1 0 admit any of these States to re
presentation, and it was not until the
"Olose of the eighth month of the session
,that an exception was made in favor of
;Tennessee, by the admission of her
Senators and Representatives.
I deem it a subject of profound re.
.gret that Congress has thus far
; failed to admit to seats loyal Sena
tors and ReproSentatives from the oth
er States whose inhabitants, with those
Of Tennessee, had engaged In rebellion.
Ten States, more au one fourth of
the whole number, remain without
representation. The seats of fifty•
members of the House and twenty of
the Senate are yet vacant—not by their
own consent, not ,by a failure of elec
tion, but by the refusal of Congress to
accept their credentials. Their ad
mission, it is believed, would have ac
complished much towards the renewal
and strengthening of our relations as
ono people, and removed serious cause
for discontent on the part of the people
of those States. It would have accor
ded with the great principle enuncia
ted in the Declaration of Independence
that no people ought to bear the bur
den of taxation and yet be denied the
right of representation.
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1 00
WILLIAM LEWIS, Editor and Proprietor.
VOL, XXII.
It would have been in consonance
with the express provisions of the Con
stitution that each State shall have at
least ono representative, and that no
State without its consent shall be de
prived of equal suffrage in the Senate.
These provisions were intended to se
cure to every State the right of repre
sentation in Congress, and so impor
tant was it deemed by the framers of
the Constitution that the equality of
the States shall bo preserved in the
Senate; that not oven by an amend
ment of the constitution can any State
without its consent be denied a voice
in that branch of the National legisla
ture. It is true, it has been assumed
that the existence of the States was
terminated by the rebellious acts of
their inhabitants, and that the insur
rection having been suppressed, they
were thenceforward to be considered
merely as conquered territories. The
Legislative, Executive and Judicial
Departments •of the Government,
have, however, with great distinct
ness and uniform consistency, refused
Lo sanction an assumption so incom
patible with the nature of our Republi
can system and the professed objects of
the war. Throughout the recent leg
islation of Congress, the undeniable
fact makes itself apparent that these
ten political communities aro nothing
less than States.
At the very commencement of the
rebellion, each louse declared, with a
unanimity as remarkable as it was
significant, that the war was not waged
"on our part, in any spirit of oppres
sion, nor for any purpose of conquest
or subjugation, nor purpose of over
throwing or interfering with the rights
or established institutions of those
States, but to defend and maintain the
supremacy of the Constitution and all
laws made in pursuance thereof, and
to preserve the Union with all the dig
nity, equality, and rights of the seve
ral States unimpaired; and that as
soon as these objects were accomplish
ed the war ought to cease." In some
instances Senators were permitted to
continue their legislative functions,
while in other instances Representa
tives were elected and admitted to
seats after their States had formally
declared their right, to withdraw from
the Union, and were endeavoring to
maintain that right by force of arms.
All of the States whose people were in
insurrection, as States, were included
in the apportionment of the direct tax
of twenty-millions of dollars annually
laid upon the United States by the act
approved fith_t must 1861. Qotwress
by the lfet; of March 4, 186'2, an - d — by
the apportionment of representation
thereunder, also recognized their pre
sence as States in the Union; and they
have, for judicial purposes, been divi
ded into districts, as States alone can
be divided. The same recognition ap
pears in the recent legislation in refe
rence to Tennessee, which evidently
rests upon the fact that the functions
of the State were not destroyed by the
rebellion, but merely suspended; and
that principle is of course applicable
to those States which, like Tennessee,
attempted to renounce their places in
the Union.
The action of the Executive Depart
ment of the Government upon this sub
ject has been equally definite and uni
form, and the purpose of the war was
specially stated in the proclamation
issued by my predecessor on the 22d
day of September, 1862. It was then
solemly proclaimed and declared that
"hereafter, as heretofore, the war will
be prosecuted for the object of practi
cally restoring the constitutional rela
tion between the United States and
each of the States and the people
thereof, in which States that relation
is or may be suspended or disturbed."
The recognition of the States by the
Judicial Department of the Govern
ment.has.also been clear and conclu
sive in all proceedings affecting them
as Slates, had in the Supreme, Circuit
and District Courts.
In the admission of Senators and
Representatives from any and all of the
States, there can be no just grounds of
apprehension that persons who are dis
loyal will be clothed with the power of
legislation, for this could not happen
when the Constitution and the laws are
enforced by a vigilant and faithful
Congress. Each Rouse is made the
"judge of the elections, returns, and
qualifications of its own members,"
and may, "with the concurrence of
two thirds, expel a member." When
a Senator or Representative presents
his certificate of election, he may at
once be admitted or rejected ; or
shook! there be any question as to his
eligibility, his credentials may be re
ferred for investigation to an appropri
ate committee. If admitted to a scat it
must be on evidence satisfactory to the
House of which he becomes a member,
that he possesses the requisite legal
and Constitutional qualifications. If
refused admission as a member for
want of duo allegiance to the Govern
ment, and returned to his constituents,
they are admonished that none but
persons loyal to the United States will
he allowed in the councils of tho na
tion, and the political power and mor•
al influence of Congress are thus ef
fectively exerted in the interests of
loyalty to the Government and fideli.
ty to the Union. Upon this question,
so vitally affecting the restoration of
the Union, and the permanency of our
form of Government, my convictions
heretofore expressed have undergone
no change, but on the contrary their
correctness has been confirmed by re
flection and time. If the admission of
loyal members to seatsin Congress was
wise a year ago, it is noless wise and
expediepp now. If this anomalous
oondiiion is right; if in the exact con
dition of these States at the present
time it is lawfal to exclude them from
representation, I do not see that the
question will be glianged by the ellux
of time. Teu years hence if these
HUNTINGDON, PA„ WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1866,
States remain as they are, the right
of representation will be no stronger,
the right of exclusion will be no weaker.
The Constitution makes it the duty
of the President to recommend to the
consideration of Congress such meas
ures as he shall deem expedient. I
know of no measure more imperative.
ly demanded by every consideration
of national interest, sound policy and
equal justice, than the admission of
loyal members from the unrepresented
States. This would consummate the
work of restoration, and exert a most
salutary influence in the re-establish
meat of peace, harmony, and fraternal
feeling. It would tend greatly to re
new the confidence of the American
people in the vigor and stability of
their institutions. It would bind us
together more closely as a nation, and.
enable us to show to the world the in
herent and recuperative power of a
Government founded upon the will of
the people, and established upon the
principles of liberty, justice and intel
ligence. Our increased strength and
enhanced prosperity would irrefragi
bly demonstrate the fallacy of the ar
guments against free institutions
drawn from our recent national disor
ders by the enemies of republican gov
ernment. The admission of loyal
members from the States now excluded
from Congress, by allaying doubt and
apprehension, would turn capital, now
awaiting an opportunity for invest
ment, into the channels of trade and
industry. It would alleviate the pro
sent troubled condition of those States,
and, by inducing emigration, aid in the
settlement of fertile regions now un
cultivated, and load to an increased
production of those staples which have
added so greatly to the wealth of the
nation and the commerce of the world.
Now fields of enterprise would be
opened to our progressive people, and
soon the devastations of war would be
repaired, and all traces of our domes
tic differences effaced from the minds
of our countrymen. •
In our efforts to preserve "the unity
of government which constitutes us ono
people," by restoring the States to the
condition which they held prior to the
rebellion, we should be cautious, lest,
having rescued our nation from perils
of threatened disintegration, we re s o r t
to consolidation, and - in the end abso
lute despotism, as a remedy fiir the re
currence of similar teen bles. The war
having terminated, and with it all oc
casion for the exercise of powers of
doubtful constitutionality, we should
hasten to bring legislation within the
trouTrawr-tes-p I ON, L,ILIMt
tion, and to return to the anciont land:
marks established by our fathers for
the guidance ofsucceeding generations
"The Constitution which at any time
exists, until changed by an explicit and
authentic act of the whole ucoplo, is
sacredly obligatory upon "If, in
the opinion of the people, the distribu
tion or modification of the constitu
tional powers be, in any particular,
wrong, let it be corrected by an amend
ment in the way in which the Consti
tution designates. But let there be no
change by usurpation ; for" "it is the
customary weapon by which free Gov
ernments are destroyed." Washing
ton spoke these words to his country
men, when, followed by their love and
gratitude, lie voluntarily retired from
tho cares of public life. "To keep in
all things within the pale of our con
stitutional powers, and cherish the
Federal Union as the only rock of
safety," were prescribed by Jefferson
as rules of action to endear to his
"countrymen the true principles of
their Constitution, and promote a uni
on of sentiment and action equally
auspicious to their happiness and seth
ty." Jackson held that the action of
the General Government should al
ways be strictly confined to the sphere
of its appropriate duties, and justly
and forcibly urged that our Govern
ment is not to be maintained nor our
Union preserved "by invasions of the
rights and powers of the several States.
In thus attempting to make our Gene
ral Government strong, we make it
I weak. Its true strength consists in
leaving individuals and States as much
as possible to themselves; in making
itself felt, not in its power, but in its
beneficence; not in its control, but in
its protection ; not in binding the
States more closely to the centre, but
leaving each to move unobstructed in
its proper constitutional orbit." These
are the teachings of men whose deeds
and services have made them illustri
ous, and who, long since withdrawn
from the scenes of life, have left to their
country the rich legacy of their exam
ple, their wisdom, and their patriotism.
Drawing fresh inspiration from their
lessons, let us emulate them in love of
country and respect for the constitu•
tion and the laws.
The report of the Secretary of the
Treasury affords much information re
specting the revenue and commerce of
the country. Ms views upon the cur
rency, and with reference to a proper
adjustment of our revenue system, in
ternal as well as impost,are commended
to the careful consideration of Con
gress. In my last annual message I
expressed my general views upon these
subjects. Ineed now only call atten
tion to the necessity of carrying into
every department of the Government
a system of rigid accountability,
thoroUgh retrenchment, and wise econ
omy. With no exceptional nor unn-•
sual expenditures, the oppressive bur
dens of taxation can be lessened by
such a modification of our revenue
laws as will be consistent with the pub
lie faith, and the legitimate and nOCCH
- sary wants of the Government.
The report presents a much more sat
isfactory condition of our finances titan
ono year ago the most mangui 116 could
have anticipated. During the fiseal
year ending the 30th June, isw, the
last year of f,lie )var, the public delft
was increased -$Oll 902 537 and int the
-PERSEVERE.-
31st of October, 1865, it amounted to
$2,740,854 750. On the 31st day of
October, 1866, it had been reduced to
$2,551,310,006, the diminution, during
a period of fourteen months, commen
cing September 1, 1865, and ending
October 31, 1866, having been $206,-
379,565. In the last annual report on
the state of the finances, it was esti
mated that during the direeluarters
of the fiscal year ending the 30th of
June last, the debt would be increased
$112,194,947. Doting that period, how
ever, it was reduced $31,196,387, the
receipts of the year having been $89,-
905,905 more, and the expenditures
$200,529,235 less than the estimates.
Nothing could more clearly indicate
than these statements the extent and
availability of the national resources,
and the rapidity and safety with which,
under our form of government, great
military and naval establishments can
be disbanded, and expenses reduced
from a war to a peace fboting.
During the fiscal year ending the
30th of June, 1806, the receipts were
8558,032,620, and the expenditures
$520,750,940, leaving an available sur
plus of $37,281,680. It is estimated
that tho receipts for the fiscal year
ending the 30th June, 1867, will be
$475,061,386, and that the expendi
tures will reach the sum of $316,428,-
078, leaving in the, Treasury a surplus
013158,033,308. For the fiscal year end
ing Juno 30, 1808, it, is estimated that
the receipts will amount to $136,000,-
000, and that the expenditures will be
$350,247,641—5h0wing an excess of
$85,752,359 in favor of the Govern
ment. These estimated receipts may
be diminished by a reduction of excise
and import duties; but after all neces
sary reductions shall have been made,
the revenue of the present and of fol
/owing years will doubtless be sufficient
to cover all legitimate charges upon
the Treasury, and leave a large annual
surplus to be applied to the payment of
the principal of the debt. There seems
now to be no good reason why taxes
may not be reduced as the country ad
vances in population and wealth, and
yet the debt, be extinguished within the
next quartet' of a century.
The report, of the Secretary of War
fltrnishes valuable and important in
formation in reference to the opera.
tions of his Department during the
past year. hi'ow volunteers now re
main in the service, and they arc be
ing discharged as rapidly as they can
be replaced by regular troops. The
army It as been promptly paid, carefully
pi•ovided with medical treatment, well
sheltered and subsisted, and is to be
arms. The military strength of the
notion has been unimpaired by the dis
charge of volunteers, the disposition of
unserviceable or perishable stores, and l
the retrenchment. of expenditure. Suf
ficient war material to meet any emer
gency has been retained, and, from the
disbanded volunteers standing ready
to respond to the national call, large
armies can be rapidly organized, equip
ped, and concentrated. Fortifications
on the coast and frontier have receiv
ed, or are being prepared for more
powerful armaments; lake surveys and
harbor and river improvements aro in
course of energetic prosecution. Prep
arations have been made for rho pay
ment of the additional bounties author
ized during the recent session of. Con
gress, under such regulations as will
protect the Government front fraud,
and secure to the honorably discharg
ed soldier the well-earned reward of
his faithfulness and gallantry. More
than six thousand ir.aitued. soldiers
have received artificial limbs or other
surgical apparatus; and forty-one na
tional cemeteries,
containing the re
mains of 104,526 Union soldiers, have
already been established. The total
estimate of military appropriations is
$25,205,669.
It, is stated in the report of the Sec
retary of the Navy that the naval force
at this time consists of two hundred
and seventy-eight vessels, armed with
two thousand three hundred and fifty
one guns. Of these, one hundred and
fifteen vessels, carrying ono thousand
and twenty-nine guns, arc in commis
sion, distributed chiefly among seven
squadrons. The number or men in the
service is thirteen thousand six hun
dred. Great, activity and vigilance
have been displayed by all the squad
rons, and their movements have been
judiciously and efficiently arranged in
such manner as would best promote
American commerce, and protect the
rights and interests of our countrymen
abroad. The vessels unemployed are
undergoing repairs, or are laid up un
til their services may be required.
Most of the iron clad fleet is at League
Island, in the vicinity of Philadelphia,
a place which, until decisive action
should be taken, was selected by the
Secretary of the Navy as the most eli
gible location for that cias of vessels.
It is important that a suitable public
station should he provided for the iron
clad fleet. It is intended that these
vessels shall be in proper condition for
any emergency, and it is desirable that
the bill accepting League Island for
naval purposes, which passed the
House of Representatives at its last
session, should receive final action at
an early period, in order that there
may be a suitable public station for
this class of vessels, as well as a navy
yard of area sufficient for the wants of
the service, on the Delaware river,
The Naval. Pension Fund amounts to
$11,750,000, having been increased
53,750,000 during Lite year. The ex
penditures of the Department tbr the
fiscal year ending 00th June last were
13,334,526, and the estimates for the
coming year amount to $23,568,436.
Attention is invited Lo the condition
of our seamen, and the importance of
legislative nteaStires foe their relief and
improvement. The suggestions in be
half of this deserving class of our fel
low citizens are earnestly recumtnend7
ed to the favorable attention of Con
,r
aress.
The report of the Postmaster Gen•
eral presents a most satisfactory con.;
dition of the postal service,
and sub
mits recommendations which deserve
the consideration of Congress. The
revenues of the Department for the
year ending Juno 30, 1366, were $14,-
386,986, and the expenditures $15,352,-
079, showing an excess of the latter of
$965,093. In anticipation of this defi
ciency, however, a special appropria
tion was made by Congress in the act
approved July 28,1860. Including the
standing appropriation of $700,000 for
free mail matter, as a legitimate por
tion of the revenues yet remaining un
expended, the actual deficiency for the
past year is only $265,093—a sum
within $51,141 of the amount estima
ted in the annual report of 1864. The
decrease of revenue compared with
the previous year was one and one
fifth per cent., and the increase of ex
penditures, owing principally to the
enlargement of the mail service in the
South, was twelve percent. On the
30th of June last there were in opera
tion six thousand pine hundred and
thirty mail routes, with an aggregate
length of one hundred and eighty thou
sand nine hundred and twenty-ono
miles, an aggregate annual transporta
tion of seven ty one million eight hun
dred and thirty seven thousand nine
hundred and fourteen miles, and an ag
gregate annual cost, including all ex
penditures, 0f58,410,181. The length
of railroad routes is thirty-two thou
sand and ninety-two miles, and the
annual transportation thirty million
six hundred and nine thousand four
hundred and sixty-seven miles. The
length of steamboat routes is fourteen
thousand three hundred and forth•-six
miles, and the annual transportaton
three million four hundred and eleven
thousand nine hundred and sixty-two.
The mail service is rapidly increasing
throughout, the whole country, and itS
steady extension in the Southern
States indicates their constantly im
proving condition. The growing im
portance of the foreign service also
merits attention. The, Postotlice De
partment of Great Britain and our own
have agreed upon a preliminary basis
for a new Postal Convention, which, it
is believed, will prove eminently hene-
ficial to the commercial interests of the
United Slates, inasmuch as it contem
plates a reduction of the international
letter postage to one-half the existing
rates; a reduction of postage with all
other countries to and from which cor
respondence is transmitted in the Brit-
IViThT4I I .Oi I A
ment of uniform and reasonable car;
ges for the sea and territorial transit
of correspondence in closed mails; and
an allowance to each Post Office De
partment of the right to use all mail
communications established under the
authority of the other for the dispatch
of correspondence, either in open or
closed mails, on the same terms as
those applicable to the inhabitants of
tho country providing the means of
transmission.
The report of the Secretary of the
Interior exhibits the condition of those
branches of the public service which
are committed to his supervision.
During the last fiscal year, four mil
lion six hundred and twenty-nine
thousand three hundred and .twelve
acres of public land were disposed 'of,
one million eight hundred and ninety
two thousand five hundred and sixteen
acres of which were entered under the
homestead act. The policy originally
adopted relative to the public lands
has undergone essential modifications.
Immediate revenue, and not their rap
id settlement, was the,! cardinal feature
of our land system. Long experience
and earnest discussion have resulted in
the conviction that the early develop
ment of our agricultural resources, and
the diffusion of an energetic populatiou
over our vast territory, are objects of
far greater importance to the national
growth and prosperity than tho pro
ceeds of the sale of the land to the
highest bidder in open market. The
pre-emption laws confer upon the
pioneer who complies with the terms
they impose the privilege of purchas
ing a limited portion of "unoffered
lands" at the minimum price. The
homestead enactments relieve the set
tler from the payment of purchase
money, and secure him a permanent
home, upon the condition of residence
for a term of years. This liberal policy
invites emigration from the old, and
from the more crowded portions of the
new world. Its propitious results are
undoubted, and will be more signally
manifested when time shall have given
to it a wider development.
Congress has made liberal grants of
•public lands to corporations, in' aid of
the construction of railroads and oth
er internal iinprovemeuts. Should this
policy hereafter prevail, more string
ent provisions will be required to se
cure a faithful application of the fund.
The title to the laud should not pass,
by patent or otherwise, but remain in
the Government and subject to its con
trol until some portion Of the road has
been actually built. Portions of them
might then, from time to time, be con
veyed to the corporation, but never in
a greater ratio to the whole quantity
embraced by the grant time the com
pleted parts bear to the entire length
of the projected improvement. This
restriction would not operate to the
prejudice of any untied aki ng conceived
ur good (lath and executed with reas
onable energy, as it is the settled prac
tice to withdraw from marker, the
lands falling within the operation of
such grants, and thus to exclude the
inception of a subsequeut adverse
right. A breach of the con4tions
which Congress may deem proper to
impose should work: a forfeiture of
claim to the lands SO )V0,11(11'40111 but
miconveyeff, and of titfg to the iatid4
TERNS, $2,00 a year in advance.
convoyed which remain unsold
Operations on the several lines of
the Pacific Railroad have boon prose
cuted with unexampled vigor and suc
cess. Should no unforeseen causes of
delay occur, it is confidently anticipa
ted that this great thoroughfare will
ho completed before the expiration of
the period designated by Congress.
During the last fiscal year tho
amount paid to pensioners, including
the expenses of disbursement, was
thirteen million four hundred and fifty
nine thousand nine hundred and nine
ty-six dollars ; and fifty thousand one
hundred and seventy-seven names
were added to the pension rolls. The
entire number of pensioners, Tune 30,
1860, was one hundred and twenty-six
thousand seven hundred and twenty
two. This fact furnishes melancholy
and striking proof of the sacrifices
made to vindicate the constitutional
authority of the Federal Government,
and to maintain inviolate the integri
ty of the Union. They impose upon
us corresponding obligations. It is
estimated that thirty-three million
dollars will be required to meet the
exigencies of this branch of the service
during the next fiscal year.
Treaties have been concluded with
the Indians who, enticed into armed
opposition to our Government at the
outbreak of the rebellion, have uncon
ditionally submitted to our authority,
and manifested an earnest desire for
a renewal of friendly relations.
During the year ending September
30, 1800, eight thousand seven hun
dred and sixteen patents for useful in
ventions and designs were issued, and
at that date the balance in the Treas+
ury to the credit of the. Patent fund
was two hundred and twenty-eight
thousand and two hundred and ninety
seven dollars.
As a subject upon which depends an
immense amount of the production and
commerce of the country, I recom
mend to Congress such legisla
tion as may be necessary for the pre
servation of the levees of the Missis
sippi river. It is a matter of national
importance that early steps should be
taken not only to add to the efficiency
of these barriers against destructive
inundations, but for the removal of all
obstructions to the free and safe navi
gation of that great channel of trade
and commerce.
The District of Columbia, under ex
isting, laws, is not entitled to that rep
resentation in the National Councils
which, from our earliest history, has
been uniformly accorded to each Ter
ritory established from time to time
within our limits. It maintains peculiar
VW; ' , as grunted the power of ex-
.4 1 M - 494
scat o(Government-Th i a
lens residing in the District, whose in
terests are thus confided to the special
guardianship of Congress, exceed in
number the population of several of
our Territories, and no just reason is
perceived why a delegate of their
choice should not be admitted to a
seat in the House of Representatives.
No mode seems so appropriate and ef
fectual of enabling them to make
known their peculiar condition and
wants, and of securing the local legis
lation adapted to them. I therefore
recommend the passage of a law au
thorizing the electors of the District'
of Columbia to choose a delegate, to
be allowed the same right and privi
leges as a delegate representing a
Territory. The increasing enterprise
and rapid progress of improvement in
the District are highly gratifying,
and I trust that the efforts of the -mu
nicipal authorities to promote the pros
perity of the national metropolis will
receive the efficient and generous co
operation of Congress.
The report of the Commissioner of
Agriculture reviews the operation of
his Department during the past year,
and asks the aid of Congress in its ef
forts to encourage those States which,
scourged by war, aro now earnestly
engaged in the reorganization of do
mestic industry.
It is a subject of congratulation that
no foreign combinations against our
domestic peace and safety, or our leg
itimate influence among the nations,
have been formed or attempted. While
sentiments of reconciliation, loyalty
and patriotism have increasefiat home,
a more just .consideration of our na
tional character and rights have been
manifested by foreign nations.
The entire success of the Atlantic
Telegraph between the coast of Ire
land and the Province of _Newfound
land, is an achievement which has
been justly celebrated in both hemis
pheres as the opening of an era in the
I progress of civilization. There is rea
son to expect that equal success will
attend, and even greater melts follow,
1 1 the enterprise for connecting the . two
Continents through the Pacific Ocean
by the projected line of telegraph' be
tween Kamschatka and the Russian
Possessions in America.
The resolution of Congress protest
ing against pardons by foreign Gov
ernments of persons convicted of in
famous offenses, on condition of emi
gration to our country, has been com
munited to the. States with which we
maintain intercourse, and the practice,
so justly the suljoet of complaint on
our part, has not Peen renewed.
The congratulations "of Congress to
the Emperor of Itut4sia,upon his escape
from attempted assassination, have
been presented to that humane and
enlightened ruler, and received by him
with expressions of graceful apprecia
tion.
The I!;ecutive,warned of an attempt
by Spanish American adventureq to in
dice the emigration of freedmen of the
Unitpd States to a foreign country,
priitested against the project as one
which, it' consulynated, would roducc
thorn to a boil dagq even fOoro oppyon•
sivo that from which they have
just Non relieved. Assurance has Leon
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received from the Government of the
State in which tho plan was matutvd.,,
that the proceeding will meet neither
its encouragement nor approval. It is
a question worthy of your considera
tion, whether our laws upon this suk
ject are adequate to the prevention or
punishment of the crime thus medita-.
tod.
In the month of April last as Con
gress is aware, a friendly arrangement
was made between the Emperor of
Franco and the President of the
ted States tor the withdrawal from
Mexico of the French expeditionary
military forces. This withdrawal was
to be effected in three detachments,
tho first of which, it was understood,
would leave Mexico in November,now
past, the second in March next, and
the third and last in November, 1867..
Immediately upon the completion_ of
the evacuation, the. French Govern
ment was to assume the same attitude
of non-intervention, in regard to Mexi
co, as is held by the Government or
the United States. Repeated assuratt
cos have been given by the Emperor,.
since that argeement, that he would
complete the promised evacuation
within the period mentioned, or soon,
or.
It was reasonably expected that the
proceedings thus contemplated would
produce a crisis of great political in
terest in the Republic of Mexico. The
newly appointed Minister of the Thai,
ted States, Mr. Campboll,was therefore
sent forward, on the. 9th day. of No ;
vember last, to assume his proper
functions as Minister Plenipotentiary
of the United States to' that Republic.
It was also thought expedient that he
should be attended in
. the vicinity of
Mexico by the Lieutenant General of
the army of the United States, with
the view of obtaining such information
as might be important to determine
the course to be pursued by the Uni
ted States in re-establishing and main-.
taining necessary and proper inter
course with the Republic of Mexico.
Deeply interested in the cause of lib
erty and humanity, it seemed an ob
vious duty on our part to exercise
whatever influence we possessed for
the restoration and permanent estab
lishment in that country of a domestic
and republican form of gotrernmeot.
Such was the condition of affairs .in
regard to Mexico, when, on the 22d of
November last, official informatiOA
was received from Paris that the Ern-•
ptror of France had some time before
decided not to 'withdraw a detachment
of his forces in the month of Ndeem-..
her past, according to ongagement,but
that this decision was made with the
those forces in ten.) nk
OA:010 w eVei, the V.
ted States bad not received any notice
or intimation ; and, so soon as the in
formation was received by tip Pain
ernment, carp was taken to make,
known its dissent to the Emperor
of France.
I cannot forego the hope that
France will reconsider the subject,and
adapt some resolution in regard to
the evacuation of Mexico which will;,
conform as nearly as practicable with
the existing engagement, and thus
meet the just expectations of the Uni ,
ted States. The papers relating to the
subject will ho laid before you. It is
believed that, with the evacuation of
Mexico by the expeditionary forcetyM
subject for serious differences between
France and the United States wouldr
remain. The expressions of the Em
peror and people of France lyarrant a
hope that the traditionary frien*Alip,
between the two countries might in,,
that case be renewed and permanently
restored.
A claim of a citizen of the United
States for indemnity for spoilations,
committed on the high seas by the
French authorities, in the exercise of
a belligerent power against .4eNico t kian,
been met by the Government of France,
with a proposition to defer settle-,
ment until It mutual convention for
the adjustment of all claims of citizens ;
and subjects of both countries, ari l
sing out of the rocent wars on
this Continent, shall be agreed upon
by the two countries. The sugges,
tion is not deemed unreasonable,
but it belongs to Congress to direct.
the manner in which' claims for in-
demnity by foreigners, as well as by
citizens of the United states, arising
out of the into civil war, shall be aci
judicalv.d and determined. Z have no,
doubt that the' sullject of all suul
claims will engage your attentl-on at a
convenient and proper time,
It is a matter of rz7gret that no con:
siderable advance has been made
wards an adjustment of the differencei
between the United States and Great
Britain, arising out of the depredations,
upon our national commerce and other.
trespasses pontmitted during our civil
war' by .British subjects, in violation of.
international law and treaty obliga
tions. The delay, however, may be,
believed to have resulted in Jul small,
degree from the domestic situation of
Groat Britain. AR entire change of.
ministry occurred In that country
du
ring the last session of Parliament.—
The attention of the nOri ministry was
called to the subject at, aq early day,
and there is some reason to expect that
it will now be considered in a booom
ing and friendly spirit. The iinpoet:- .
ance of an early disposition of the
question cannot be exaggerated.—
Whatever might be the wishes of aui
two Governments, it is manifeat that
good will and fyiendship between
u thq
two contries cannot be catabliAliti
until a reciprocity, in the praotice‘of
good faith and neutrality, shall be re- .
s'tored between the respective nationit.
Qu the 6th of ,Tutte last, in 'violation
of our neutrality laws, a military ex . :
pedition and enterprise against the
British North Ainerican colonies was
projected and attempted Lo bo parritl.
[Continuel page.j
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