the eanceeeren teat the great mans of those who became
involved in its responsibility acted upon what they be.
Mired to be their duty in mileage of what teee had been
Wight to believe the"ghts, or under a compulsion.
physical and moral, which they were powerless to re.
let. Nor can it be amiss to remember that, terrible as
have been tee bereavements and the losses of this war,
they have fallen exelneively mon neither section and
upon neither party—that they nave fallen, indeed, Pith
far greater weight upon thew with Whom the war be
gan; that la the death of relatives and friends, the dis
persion of families, the dierreption of social systems and
social ties, the overthrow ol governments, of law, and
of order, the destructionsf property, and of forine and
modes and means of ind tally, the loss of political, corn.
raercial, and moral ineaence in every shape aria form
Which great calamities can assume, the States and peo
ple which engaged is the war against the government
of the United States have suffered tenfold more than
those who remained in allegiance to its Constitution
and laws. •
These considerations may not, as they certainly do
not,inetify the action of the people of the insurgent
States; but nojnst or generous man will refuse to them
very considerable weight in determining the line of con
duct which the government of the United States should
pursue towards them.
They accept, if not with alacrity, certainly without
sullen resentment, the defeat and overthrow they have
sustained. They acknowledge and acquiesce in the
respite, to them and the country, Which that defeat in
.'valves. They nolo° ger chum for any State the right
to ',trestle from tee Union; they no longer aesers for any
State an allealaece paramount 'to that which is doe ro
the general government. They have accepted the de
struction of slavery. abolished It by their State comfit.
Melees, and concurred with the States and people
• of the whore Union In prohibiting its existence
forever upon the soli or within the jurisdiction of
the United States. They Indicate and evince their
purpose joet so fast as may be possible and safe to
adapt thee - domestic laws to the changed condition of
their society, and to secure by the law and its tribunals
• equal aid impartial justice to all classes of their in
habitants. They admit the invalidity of all acts of re
- sietance to the national authority, and of all debts in
- in attempting its overthrow. They avow their
• • willingness to share the burdens and discharge all the
duties and obligations wirier, rest upon them in coma
• mon with other States and other sections of the Union;
• and they renew, through their representatives in this
convention, by all their public conduct, in every way
and by the moat solemn sots by which States and so
• Ogles can pledge their faith, their engagement to bear
true faith and allegiance. through all time to come, to
the Caustuntion of the United elates, and to all laws
that maybe made in pursuance thereof.
Fellow countrymen: We call upon yon, in full reli
ance upon your intelligence and your patriotism, to ac
cent, with generous and ungrudging confidence, this
fall surrender on the part of those lately in arms
against your authority, and to share with them the
honor and renown that await those who bring back
peace and concord so jarring States. The war just
closed, with all its sorrows and disasters, hue opened
new career of glory to the nation it has saved. It has
swept away the hostilities of sentiment and of interest
. which were a sty nding menace to its peace. It has de
stroyed the institution of slavery, always a cause of
settional agitation and strife, and has opened for our
country the way to unity of interest, of principle and
of action, through all time to come. It has developed
in both sections a military capacity—an aptitude for
achievements of war, both by sea and land, before nu
knoivn even to oureelvee, and destined to exercise here
after, under united councils, an impoetant influence
Upon the character and destiny of the continent and
the world. And wbile it has thus revealed, disciplined
d compacted onr power, it has proved to its beyond
controversy or doabt, by the course pursued towards
both contending sections by foreiga powers, that we
mast be the guardians of our own independence, and
that the principles of republican freedom we represent
can fins among the nations of the earth no friends or
defenders but oruselves..
We call upon yen, therefore, by every consideration
of your own Migrate' and safety, and in the name of
liberty throughout the world. to complete the work of
restoration and peaciewhich the President of the United
States has so well begun, and which the policy adopted
and tee principles asserted by thepresent Congress
alone obstruct. The time is does at hand when mem
bers of a new Congress shall Perpetuate this policy,
and, by excluding loyal States and people from repro'.
sentation Mils halls, shall continue the usurpation by
which the legialative powers of the government are
now exercised, common prudence compels ne to an
rclpate augmented discontent, a sullen withdrawal
from the duties and obligations of the Federal
government, internal dissensions, and a general Cols
listen of sentiments and pretensions which may re-
new. in a still more fearful shape, the civil war front
which we bavejust emerged. We cell upon you to in
terpose vourpoever to prevent the recurrence ass tran
scendent a calamity. WE CALL UPON YOU, IN
EVERY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF EVERY
STATE, WHATEVERURE THE EhECTION OF MEMBERd
WHO. 01:11E11 DIFFERENCES MAY
CHARACTERIZE THEIR POLITICAL ACTION. WILL
UNITE IN RECOGNIZING THE RIGHT OF EVERY
STATE OF THE UNION TO REPRESENTATION le(
CONGRESS, AND Wile WILL ADMIT TO SEATS IN
EITHER BRANCH fiVERY LOYAL REPRESENTA
TIVE FROM EVERY STATE IN ALLEGIANCE TO
THE GOVERNMENT. WHO MAY BE FOUND etY
EACH HOUSE, IN THE EXERCISE OF THE POWER
CONFERRED UPON IT BY THE CONSTITUTION,
TO , HAVE BEEN DULY ELECTED. RETURNED
AND QUALIFIED FOR A SEAT THEREIN.
When this shall have been done the government will
have been restored to its integrity, the Constitution of
the United Slates will have been reestablished in its
fall supremacy, and the American Union will have
again become what it was designed to be by those who
formed it, a sovereign nation, composed of Reparate
States, each, like itself, moving in a distinct and rode
pendent sphere, exercising powers defined and reserved
by a common Constitution, and resting upon the assent;
the confidence and cooperation of all the States and all
the peoPlesubjeci to its authority. Thus reorganized
and restored to their constitutional relations, th e States
and the general government can enter In a fraternal
spirit, with a common purpose and a common interest.
upon whateVer reforms the security of personal rights,
the enlargement of popular liberty, and the perfection
of our republican institutions may demand.
On motion of lion. Rsverdy Johnson, an oMolal
copy of th.; proceedings was ordered to be prepared
for publication. •
A despatch from General Dia, regretting his in
voluntary absence. and congratulating the conven
tion on its harmonious action. was then road Amid
thunders of applause.
The several committees appointed by the chair
ware then announced, as follows
NATIOB.L UNION ENACIITIVII COMMITTEE. :
John T. Orowell,of New Jersey, chairman.
Maine—James Mann and A. A. Gould.
New Hampshire—Edmund Burke and E. 0. Caller.
Vermont—B. B. Smalley and Colonel. H. N. Worsham.
Massachusetts—Josiah Denham and R. 0. Spofford.
Rhode Island—Allred. Anthony and James H. Per.
eons
Connecticut—lames H. Babcock and D. C. Scranton.
• New York—Roeert H. Prayn and Samuel H. Tilden.
New Jersey—Joseph T. Crowell and Thomas T. Ran.
data
Penneelvenia—S M. &inch and J. 8. Black.
Delaware—J. D. Comogys and Edward S. Martin.
Maryland—Governor Swann and T J,Pratt.
Virginia—James F. Johnson and Dr. E C. Robinson.
West Virginia—Danlel Lamb and John J. Jackson.
North Carolina—Thomas S Ashe and Joe. H. Wilson.'
South Carolina—James L. Orr and IL F. Terry.
Georgia-4 . Christy and Thomas S. Hardeman.
Mare-hie and Wilkinson Call.
rilississirent—N. L. Sharkey and George L. Potter.
Alabama—W. H. Crackshank and C. O. Huckabee.
Leftist:aria—Randall Hunt and Alfred Henning.
Arkansas—Lorenzo Gibson and A. W. English.
'ferns—B. H. Epperson and John Hancock.
Tennessee—D. T. Patterson and John Campbell.
Kentucky—R H. Stanton and Hamilton Pope.
urno—L. D. Campbell and George B. Smyth.
Indiena—D. D. Gooding and Thomas Dowling.
Illinois—John A. Methernand and Jesse 0. Norton
Micnigan—Alfred Russell and Byron G. Stout.
Baron Abell and James S. Rollins.
Minnesota—Hon. H. AL Rice and D. F. Norton.
Wtsoonsin—J, A. Noonan and 8. A. Pease.
lowa—George A. Parker and William A. Chase. •
Kaneaa—James A. McDowell and W. A, Tipton.
ralifornia—Hen. Samuel Purdy and Joseph P. Hoge.
Nevada—John Carmichael and Hon. G. B. Hall.
Oregon—James W Nesmith and B. W. Bonham:
District of Columbia—Josiah D. Hoover and J. B.
Blake.
Dattotah—N.K Armstrong and N. Via Miner.
Idaho—Wm. H. Wallace and H. Cummins.
Nebraska—Gen- H. H. Heath and Hon. J. S. Morton.
11/BIDEST eXeruelYE COMMITTEE AT WASHINOTOIL
New Jersey—Charles Knapp. chairman.
Maryland—Hon. Montgomery Blair.
lows—Lion. Charbse Mason.
District of Columbia—Ward 11. Lemon, John F. Coyle,
A. E. Perry, Samuel Fowler, Col. James R. O'Beirne,
Corneille Wendell.
oommrr eze. TO WAIT OE TEE PiEsIDENT.
Reverdy Johnson, chairman.
Maine—W G. Crosby. Calvin Record.
New Hampshire—JonneV. Wesley. J. 11. Smith.
Vermont—S. Robinson, T. J. Cree.
htamichasetts—Edward Avery, E. C. Bailey.
Rhode Island—Amasa Sprague, Gideon Bradford.
Connecticut—James E. English, Gideon H. Hollister.
New York—Owens W. Smith, Hon. S. B. Church.
New Jersey—Hon. Thomas H. Herring, Gen. Theodore
Runyan.
Pennsylvania—J. R. Flanigan, Hon. George W. Cass.
Delaware—S. G. Laws, C. IL B. Day.
Maryland—J. el 'earth', J. D. Jones.
Virginia—Hon. James Barber, George W. Bowling.
West Virginia—Dr. John S. Thompson, of Putnam
county. Daniel Saint, of Vlb eating.
North Carolina—A. M. Barringer, Hon. George How
ard.
South Carolina—J. S. Manning, Barrow.
Georgia—S. S. Smith, J. L. Wimberly.
Florida—John Friend, McKibbtn.
MissiesiPei—colonel G. M. Billyer, Hon. H. F. Sim
Latrislana—Thomaa B. May, H. C. King.
T etra s —John D Luce, L. C. Boudlnoa
Texas—D. 0. Barnett, B. H. Eppereen.. ' . '
Tennessee—Hon. C. A. Kyle, Hen. D. B. Thomas. '
Alabama—Lewis E. Etrcolle, John. Oats Shorter.
Kentucky—lion. John W. Stephenson, lion. A. Hard•
ing.
rehio—Heary B. Payne, Goa. A. McDowell Mcflook.
Indiana—Gen. Sol Mereditn, Judge D. S. Gooding.
Illinois—Bon. George C. Bates, Hon. William H. Mor
rison.
Michigan—General C. 0. Loomis, General George A.
Caster.
Wisconsin—A. W. Curtly, B Ferguson.
lowa—Colonel Cyrus B. Markley, 13 B. Richards.
Ranges—General lieSieeper, Odin Thurston • .
California - I`. A Mc uongell, colonel Jacob P. Lee.
Nevada—Hon. Gideon J. Tucker, John CarmichaeL
Oregon—W. H. Farrar, E. EL Barnum. .
District of Columbia—Thrmas B. Florence, B. T.
.Bwart.
Arizona —
Idand—tion. H. W. De Pay, William H. Wallace.
Montana
-Nebraska—Dr. George L. Waller, L. Lowrie.
New Mexico—
Utan—
Colorado--
Washington Territory—George C. Cole, C. T. Eagan.
•
Minnesota—D S Morton, H. N. Rice.
Miessuri—E. A. Lewis, Jahn M. Richardson.
C - 101ITTEE ON FINANCE.
Charles %rap, urealdent. •
Maine—A. W. Johnson. John Badelgh.
Raw Hampshire—Daniel Matey, W. W. Blair.
Vermont—F.. W. Chase. C. L. Davenport. •
Maesachusetts—Hoe. F. O. Prince, George H. Menthe.
Rhode Island—Amass. Sprague. Tames Waterhouse.
Coneectient—J. IL Aehmead, Freeman H. Brown.
New Yotk—Abraham waceman, Richard Sheell.
Now Jersey—John L McKnight, Francis S. Lathrop.
penesylvanee—R. S. Martin, W. C. Patterson.
Delaware— basics Wright, Theodore F . Crawford.
wary land—Hon-R. Fowler, W. P. Malsbse ; •
Virginia—Hon. Ed. W, Hubbard. George Blow, jr.
West Virgins—Charles T. Beale, Ileeron county,
- Thomas Sweeney, Wheeling.
North Dateline—A.. H. Amlngtan, A. McLean.
youth 00-ohne—F. J. etheea, W. I'. Same ler.
Georgia—Lenge Tawlin, William el. Lowry.. ,
lorida—Georges W. Scott. W. C. Moloney.
Alabama—Lewis 0 wee, J. S. Kennedy.
erissreepp.—Liou. E. Peen's, Col. Jona A. Bingtord.
M. Holbrook.
rkaosas—M. L. Bed. 0. L. Fellow.
Texae—M. B Ochiltree, John Hancock.
Tennessee—Wm. D. Ferguson. John Williams.
J- eurham, W. v. Baldwin.
B, Cunningham, John H. 'Jerre.,
Indiana—non. lust apart,•e, .
Moses Drake.
Illinoie—Han. Wm. B. Ogden. Jonas Underhill.
premium—Hon. George C. Monroe, William' B. Ma
Creeay.
Missouri—Thomas L. nice, Charles H. Hillard.
Minnesota—Hon, C. F. Buok,.Charles F. Oilman.
Wisconsin—J. B. Doe, C. L. Sholes.
lowa—H. D. McHenry. S. 0. Butler.
Hansas—F. P. Fitzwilliame, G. A. Colton.
California—John N. Baird, Henry F. Williams.
Nevada—Frank Hereford. L. H. Newton.
District of Columbia—Charles Knee, Plekerell.
Dakota—J. B. S. Todd, T. C. Dewitt.
Idaho—C. T. Powell, T. W. Bete.
Neb kAil—Jarnee It Porter, P B. Becker.
Washisi.ston—Ed. Lander, A Evans. •
Armor', Oregon, ➢iantana, Utah, and Colorado, no
abnoinlinents.
The motion for a final adiousnmsnt was made by
Hon. John Hogan, of 11libeeuri, after which Mr.
R :bort J. Holose's. of New York. proposed the
thanks of the convention to the members of to
press for their truth %al reports. which was unani
mously a iont ed.
• Hon. James q. RAits. of Missouri, moved that
the thanks of the convention be voted to the
officers of the came, and also to the citizens of
Philadelphia for their kindness to the membe a of
the convention. Unanimously agreed to.
Mr. Alger, of. Massachusetts, moved an amend
ment to Mr. llogait's motion to the effect that when
this convention adjourn they do an with three
°beers for the Union and the Constitution of our
fathers, and the President of the United States,
Andrew Johnson.
Three °boom wore given for Senator ()swan,
three for Hon. J. R. Doolittle. the i resident of the
convention, and three for the ladies (God bless
them!) who hsd honored the c invention with their
Presence.
The president, after thanking the onnvaition for
their kindness and courtal , to himself, than tinnily
introduced the lov. Mr—Elliot. who pronounced
the parting benediction in a few well-chosen and
fervent words. A deathlike stillness prevailed der
leg the benediction, when tho convention rose to
its feet and gave nine hearty oheers, and then
quietly disporsett.
$o ended a convention memorable swore:more
in the history of the world. Only ono conclave
hold on the . western continent futni,hes its paral
lel. By a singular coincidence. in the city whore.
In 1776. the fathers of the gororement founded the
Union, the cons cot those heroic ei(CS met to uphold
and urpttunto the came. For good or for aril, all
men now, the mighty assembly sitting here 'you'd
speak. It has spoken, and its ooice has,been for
good. Potential and irres stible, the convection
yesterday wont forth to its elor:ous mission to
heal strife, to pear the bum of fraternal
reunion upon a country between whose soothns
rankles dissension, and to knit in c.csar union the
wide-spreading portion. of the Union of our
them. In all the vast convention no sound Rfotrifo
was ever heard. There was not a dissenting voice
to the resolutions that were adopted. or the address
Promnlgatsd to the world. A spirit of unity per
vaded the entire deliberations. Ev cry man who
entered the doors of the wigwam came imbued
with the livini knirit of patriotism. They had
learned the lesion of union and liberty, and, filled
with the teachings of tho patriotic leaders of the
land, they , gathered to odeasuly body forth their
Principles. and invest them with the power and
dignity of national truths.
They met in harmony. They deliberated in
unison, and upon all their cots rested the hr.-
press of the Divine Spirit that had inspired them
to their holy werk. They elcsol their labors in
the full satisfaction that as faithful huFlandmen
they had sown the seed of liberty and union to the
fonr winds of heaven. They now go home to per
feet the work so propitiously begun. In the same
spirit in which it was incepted it will be carried
forward until tho roll of the October end Novem
ber elections shall be called and the two oceans that
bound this continent shall answer, "deep calling
unto deep," far i ho unbroken union of the States and
the undimmed m , ieaty of the Federal government
When the delegations loft the convention, yester
day, they lett it 'with a proud feeling of labor
.done. They read in earth other's faces the light
and promise of victory. The bond that was knitted
between the North and the &nib. wiihin the walls
of the wigwam, will grow into a band that will cir
cle the continent end bind the separated sections
in a anion human hands can never rood.
The different delegations took leave of each
other at the hotels yesterday afternoon. 5 hey
were all confident of victory. Ihe afternoon trains
to the South cart itd the New York and New Eng
land delegates Punctually home. In the night
trains of the Pennsylvania railroad the western
men generally followed. The southern mon will
go to-day. and each• an assemblage probably no
human eye will ever see gathered under the Union
flag again. Futurity will plisse it upon the scroll
of fame side by side with the no less Elustrious
but smaller band who founded the government, and
gave to the world the Union under which we to
day lire.
National Union Executive Committee.
The fullowiturresolution has been adopted by tho
Na.ioual Union Executive Committee:
PHILADELPHIA, August 16,1868.—At a meeting of
the National Union Executive Committee, held at Phil
adelphia, August 16, 1866, the following resolution Wan
unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That the National Union Executive Com
mittee earnestly reommend to the friends of peace,
Union, liberty, and law, in each county of the thirty
six States and nine Territories of the American Union,
as early as practicable to hold macs meetings for the
PIIPOse of ratifying the action of the National Union
convention, and also to provide means to place its MO•
ceedings la the bands of every oft zon of the Republic,
JOSEPH S. CROWELL,
Cbairman National Union Executive Committee.
A Sterling Letter.
Among the many outside endorsements of
he convention none was read more earnestly
han the 1 allowing lettor . from Judge Niche
as, of Kentucky:
To the Members of the Philadelphia National Conven
tion: In the exercise of a right belonging to every citi
zen, and more especially to everyone who has been uniformly loyal to the Union and the Constitution, I
propose, most respectfully, to invite your attention to a
topic that deserves to be of engrossing interest in your
deliberations.
The Radicals tropes° to carry on the coming political
campaign upon the issue of amendments of the Consti
tution and co-operative acts of Congress, for which they
seek the national approval towards securing the per
manency of their party power.
This would seem to invite from your convention the
Proposal of a counter project of Constitution amend
meat, so, that the supposed popular desire for some
amendment may receive the proper direction, and the
issue be so enlarged as to include amendments much
wore needed than those proposed by them, and much
more likely to meet popular favor.
There are two such amendments which invite your
attention, not less available se 1.9.31108 in the election
campaign than as much-needed, important Improve
ments to the Constitution.
First. The taking from the House of Representatives
ail participation in an undecided presidential election,
and referring it back to the electors for prompt decision
between the three candidates on the list.
. . .
tiecond. Prohibiting the admileion of new States, ex
cept by a two-thirds vote of each house of Congress.
According to rational probability the next presiden
tial election, and most of those thereafter ocenrrieg,
will devolve upon the House. After the ove.throw of
the rad.cals at the ballot-box, all sectional partyism
will have received such a rebuff from the nation that
the control of national affairs will seldom or never
again depend upon the array against each other of two
great sectional parties. In the absence of such array
it will be next to Impossible for any two candidates to
engross between them near the whole vote of the na
tion. The mere personal popularity of any two men
is not likely to produce such a result, and in 'its ab
sence, the devolution of the election on the House is
certain.
It appears from Story's Commentaries that many of
the makers of thetionstitution, with Madison among
them, viewed the frequent devolution of the election on
the Hones as a necessary result of the plan for making
Presidente. Bach, also, is beliveed to be the prevalent
opinion among our most intelligent men of the present
'day.
. Manch is to be the result of.the plan, then it requires
no great intrepidity, or any want of deferential respect
for the wisdom of the great men who framed tie Con
stitution to pronounce this part of their work to have
been a great blunder. If it be a blunder, it in easy to
explain how they came to make It. It is only part and
parcel of the mistake they made throughout their great
work in not knowing or not aPPreciating the allcon:
trolling influence of party strife upon our system of
government. In their debates on the mode of obtaining
Presidents It abundantly appeared that It was pro
claimed, nem. con., no pre-existing body "liable to be
tampered with" should be Wasted with the election. It
is inconceivable, therefore, how they came to entrust
lust such a prkexisting body with the final dodgem of
the election, except from not foreknowing that before
the House and before the people the election would al
ways be nothing but a party contest. They did not
foreknow that the members voting for the new Presi
dent would immediately become his partisans, bound
by the strong obligation of party fealty to sustain his
measures and cloak hisusurpations and abuse of power.
This is a total perversion of the admirable functions the
House was theoretically Intended to fulfill as the vigi
lant, Independent sentinels of the people over every de
partment of the government, and leaves the Executive
released from any adequate appropriate check. So far,
therefore, from the proposed amendment impairing, it
would greatly tend to restore and preserve, the true the
ory of the Constitution.
But such restoration, important as it Is, cannel com
pare in force with other arguments In favor of the
change. 'The mode of voting in the House by States is
so grossly unjust toward a iargo majority of the nation
that we cannot hope it will be mated to, whenever
it shall turn out that, by rho action of the House, Mates
containing less than a (myth of our population disap
point and override more than three-fourths of the no-
tion.
Without going into other details to show the gross in
justice of allowing the contest to be settled by State
voting, It will snake to remember, according to the
-basis of the amens, the nineteen smallest States, who
elect a majority of the Senate, and can control a presi
dential election when before the House. have a popula
tion of only a little over five millions. whilst the other
seventeen btates have a population of over tWooty-six
millions. Thalia° smallest States, with an aggregate
Population of only nine hundred thou-and, are allowed
Tote., whilst settling an election in the House,
whilst the three largest, with a population of over nine
.milli one, are allowed only three notes. •
Tho rectifying of this flagrant injustice towards so
vast a majority of toe notion by unconstitutional
moans presents one of the meat Imminent and deadly.
Perils to oar national career. Should the Philadelphia
convention propose and succeed in carryin nth an
amendment, they will soothe ranch of the popular j
jealousy against the similar injustice of allowing equal
State suffrage in the Senate, maul a national convention
can be had, at no very remote day, and an oprortunity
afforded the nation to revise and readjust the dintribu
lion of Federal power upon prinelpies that shall have
some approximation to justice.
The propriety of the other proposed amendment
ecarcely needs elucidation. It in the remedy proposed
and insisted °Pea by New England sixty years age,
when she thought herself suffeing under the power to
admit new States. The treacherous, flagrant abuse
lof the power very recently for mere parry purposes
would amply justify the limiting its excretes to ca-es
Where a Ter, Rory shall have a population at least equal
to the ratio required tor a representative. his greatly to
be regretted that the amendment cannot be effected to
Prevent the pnrposad iniquity of admitting Nebraska
with its lees than forty thousand porelationt and Col
orado with its less than fifteen thousand, at the next
80881012 of Congress. Some four or more Territories
have, for party purposes, been admitted *Rhin the last I
few'years, whiint havihg less than a third of the re-'
qulsite population. The placing of such a grossly
abused newer under some salutary restraint must re
ceive the approval of all considerate, honest Men. It
will be a salutary mode of expressing national disap
pro fat
trustn of .
each dishonorable trickery and broach of
°Mal
The foolish and s porrniff tinkering with the Constitu
tion by theßtadienle has brought all attending of the
Constitution into apparent popular disfavor. This sort
of laudable conservatism may be cartied too far. It
should not go so far as blindly to reject all needful Im
provements. If the Radicals can venture to go before
the nation upon amendments to accomplish purposes
that are tyrannously unjust towards the fifteen form r
slave States, the Philadelphia convention should hot
hesitate to commit neer in fn.vor of propositions which
go to rellevefour-fifths of the nation from the grossest
injustice in the distribution of Federal power, and prd
vent future gross abuse of power. Ma effort to do this
to certain to elicit the warm, active symonthv of the
people of Now York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and
Illinois. Upon those live States the main resulia of the
next congressionalelectione enseatially depend. It
seems to be well underetood and generally believed by
intelligent Conservatives; that if the Radicals carry the
congressional election it by sufficient majorities; they wil
the next session of Congress admit Nebraska and
Colorado, with their four Radical eenators, and Immo
(Bluely proceed to impeach .President Johnson, turn
him eat of Wee, and install in hie place that wild fa
natic, Senator Wade. It any three of those five large
Staten Amid prove conservative, they probably will
not do thin, from apprehension of the effect upon the
next presidential election. It would also probably de
feat a most important part of their ulterior programme,
which is believed to be the rejection of the electoral
votes of the eleven States, if. that be necessary to the
success of their candidate. This they know would cer
tainly produce Civil war.if any three of the five; or
even if any tAto of the three largest of those Staten go
against them, and that is a result they Well May fete
to meet.
The first blush Impression of southern delegates will
Probably be Unfavorable to tho first of the proposed
amendments, but when they take the trouble to reflect
that the abolition of slavery has removed the main
reason for the zeal in favor of rights in which they
were raised they will abandon that proposition. The
sUe of the southern States will prevent any of them
from long remaining la the class of timelier states, and
will remove all Peculiar sectional motive to stickle for
State rights as antagonized by the rights of popula , lon.
Most respectfnlty, your fellow-citizen.
S. S. NICHOLAS.
LnKust 7.16.66.
THE UNION CONVENTION.
OPINIONS OF LEADING
JOURNALS.
The Philadelphia Ledger.
Tao Wonk op TUE Coavairrinst.—The National
Union convention, composed tot delegate; from all
the States and Territories of the United States,
which has boon for throe daya in session in this
city, bus concluded its business aid adjourned sine
die. The results of its deliberations are before the
people this morning is a "declaration of princi
ples" and an address to the people of the United
States. The doolaration is much more important
than the address, for tho former mskes publicly
known, for the first time sines the war, and in an
authoritative. form, what are the cool views, opin
lODS, and Principles of the people and the States
lately in rebellion. There has boon, heretofore, a
great deal of misapprehension on this subject and
not without cause. The aouthern States. like not
other Suttee tinder a tomb Man form of govern
ment, are possessed of a free press, and in a largo
number of cuss that free lam has boon abused since
tho war by the publication of judged and violent
articles, calculated at ones to misrepresent the peo
ple cf the South and mislead the people of the
North. Th ir spasmodic and unauthorized ex
pressions have bean considered es the mores
storm of the masses et the southern poopte,
whereas, as it now . turns out, thor represented
t h emselves only, and Ponape slain° small bodies of
i
adherents in the cities and towns ot no more n.
finance than themselves, and with no author
ity to speak fur the people at large In the
same way these self appointed organs had their
echoes among the politicians ant too newspapers
of the norrh.an States, who also maumed to be the
pecaliar spokesmen and champions of the people
of the tooth And further, the wild and misehie
rods speoehea and publicatioos of both Main the
South and in the North wore taken hold of by
their political opponents, aed especially in Lion
grass, and spread before the whole body of the
PROVIO R 3 exhibiting the the
temper of th
southern people, and in this way tho misapprehen
sion of which we have spoken became embodied in
what is known as public opinion. Now, the moot
ing of the convention, if it shall accomplish no
tame else,
should have this one good effect, that
it sets all this misapprehension to rights by a clear
and an horitative expression of the opinions and
views of the southern people, made by men who
are in every 13012110 represonta dye mon, and who
wore selected by thorn for this espeotal ourpoae.
And no if to exclude all fir tiler chance of miscon
ception, they emphasizad their &toleration by ex
cluding front the convention such noon as Wood
and Vallandigham, who wore among the most ac
tive and conspicuous of those who were constantly
placing the South in a false position.
Tab, then, should be egarded as the best result
of the convention; that the southern people aro at
lost beard by-their own chosen apeaesmen, and
their own declaration now goes bolero the country
for itsjudgmeat. Concerning nine of tho ten pro
positions in the declaration there San ba ye , y little
difference of opinion among the people who do
their own thinking; certainly they off .rd no ground
for exolnd tog these who maintaiu those prpei
tions from representation in Conan B 3 or ParticiPa'
lion in the government. Thera is an expression of
thankfulaeas for Pet.ce, a declaration that the war
has preserved the Union and maintained the su
premacy of the Constitution; that reProsentation
in COP gress Is a DUTY imputed on the States, as well
as a right granted by the Constitution; that loyal
representatives should ho chosen; that the Consti
tution and laws in pursuance thoreof are the su
premo law of the lard, and that the powers not
granted therein aro reserved to the elates and the
people; that no Stale hae a sight to accede. and that
the Union cannot be dissolved; that amendments
to the Constitution should barnacle according to the
forms of the Constitution; that slavery is abolished
forever. and that there is neither desiinnor pur
pose to re.establi.h it; that the rebel debt is ut
terly invalid, and that the Federal debt rimmed
end inviolabte,• and that it is the duty of the gov
ernment to make lull recompense to the Federal
soldier s.
The Philadelphia Age.
Tae RESTORATION CONvENTiON.—This grand con-
Vocation of disinterested tied patriotic citizens
ended Its tabard yesterday. Henceforth the move
ment becomes a part of the history of the nation.
tt will stand side by elde with the most meshed and
important events in the wonderful career of this
republic, and the men who originated the meeting
and contributen to is iriumphant suecoss will rank
with those of 'id and 'B9. Tho same spirit of en
larged patriotism, of unselfish nationality, of re
gard for the rights of the whole people. with which
the patriots of the early days of the reps blip were
so plenteously endowed, animated the members of
the restoration convention of 1816, and made their
doliberatioes a unit. Tho good of the whole was
the polar star of their nation, and by its clear and
steady light the proceedings wore illumined frcru
the opening senteueo to the °toeing amen.
The platform of principles lull down by this
convention is broad. catholic, and national. The
hitherto disturbing question of slavery is removed
forever from the field of national and State poli
tics, and the. doctrine of btate rights and national
authority . so defined and explained as to meet oho
approbinon and assent of every patriot in tits na
tion. 'The financial bonorund credit of the United
States aro also hedged in by tho most solemn and
earned national assurances, and thus the pro
gramino mado satiated:ly to all the groat interests
of the country, as well moral as material.
The work of the delegates being accomplished, it
now remains for the people to endorse rind ra , ifY
their action in snob amen= as to make it effectual
in reuniting the States in au indissoluble bondot
friendship, faith, and brotherly affection. That
will be done. Tho noble spirit manifested by the
representatives trom the South, the frank mariner
in which they met all practical questions, and
their ready at (I willing aegnioseetiee in every aug•
gestion looking to a certain reuniting of the Bea-
Lions, will have Ito effect noon she people of the
nation. They will see in what manner the Union
can be restored, and under the prompting of the
men who caught their inspiration from the gather.
tag of the patriots which met in this city, will move
resolutely in the proper direction. From this time
forth the conservative mon of the nation aro a
unit. The notion of this convention has consoli
dated and solidified the Union sentiment of the
land, and its march will be magniffeent and iire
sistible-
e • • r • •
' The soberotensible, intelligent men of
Philadel
phia have seen the great restoration convention of
1866. Ttiey have witnessed the first step towards a
practical union of thp dissevered States. The men
of the North and the South have mot for the first
time in six years as brothers, with the olive branch
of peace in their hands, not as feemen, armed and
ready for the deadly strife. The representative
mon of the late revolted Stites have been here.
and the citizens of this North have hoard from their
lies, in language not to ho mistaken or misunder
stood, the views of the people of the South upon
the important questions now agitating the nation.
The conduct of the representatives of the southern
States has been of the most commendable Char
acter. Like brave men, they have not endeavored
to conceal any portion of the past. Like sen
sible men, they lock the present and the
future in the Moe, and accept the situation with all
its responsibilities. The questions which entered
into the armed contact are declared by them to be
settled, never again to be revived. Slavery is
gone—the doctrine of secession is abandoned, and
all they now ask is that a perfect union be.estab
lith ed, undet which the States will be equal in con
etitutionat rightii. and the people peers before the
notion and ties world. They ark for peace- as a
healing agtmcs. in order that the people may begin
anew ho rne,‘ for individual happiness and pros
perity, and the country resume its onward march
to more than Roman greatness and renown.
This is the light In which the restoration own.
Hen boo presented Wel to the mon of this city.
' What say they to purposes? Are they each es
'Mould be aeatioteci? Has there been a word teed,
or n kriheiole enunciated in that Indy. or out of it,
by :he distinguisheddelegates who have addressed
ta.lr tell-:w-citizens, to which a eau lot or [hada
man could object? Have not al the dotage and
saYingi of the convention net tt., members boon
valiantly patriotio.conseivative wee. and proper?
'''oast 14 the southern mail vlot bar, spokes, ro
commend a full and perfect obodionea to cbo Con
sti.ution and taws of the laed, a. d It re neolared
their ihteution to ell to wel. Hog in g faith the
financial c.bligatiare of the national ira‘ernment,
while the delegates f:om the North united in pro
noonc gin favor of the constitutional restora ion
Policy or th., President, under which the States will
he admitted to their old pieces in the Hewn, and
the uncertain y and d•atb,.. wnioh 110 W eons a cloud
over the prospects of the union, ',tab' in
and business view, be entirely removed.
The Philadelphia Inquirer.
ADJOITCCSIEtT OP VIA CONVENTION. — Tao "Na.
flood' Union" convention has firtiihed'its labots,
and in the nroteut of the Inquirer tve place
before our readers Cho results of It' labors. They
°mist in, firs*, a declera!ion of_principles Retied,
an adthess to the peome ‘ of the United S mi ts, We
giro verbatim reser:sof these two important docu
ments, and are tare that our readers, in common
with the people of the entire countrY, will read
them cies ly, w,d wake their own dedwitions,
Like all the luiport4ni political papets of cur
mouel Republic. they are appeata to MO people,
and the sovereigns of the 0 'natty are fully tibia to
judge of their merits:
Toe °loans scones of the convention were marked
by the ramo banner y that dwttrguishod the in
augural procealingl. There was uo discordance
among the dale:awe, nor among the thouswida of
speotators who crowdod U106410(163 of the WigW'M
Yesterday and Wednesday. The nue weather, of the
Past tw da' and , the intste-t telt in witnessing
the dellberetirs pf a heti nal onvantion dr ew
tune h , r an lIIIMOLEW concourse cf people. Yet,
notwithatAr.dtng the vast aetembirges, the disoord•
apt palinoal eleumata therein presented, Owe was
not .he ilightest di turlinoe. A taropollee force
was very properly &railed for du y 'n and about
the building where the convention mat, yet the
only tack they were called upon to perform wee to
eismine the tit i drato ot too numerous visitors This
feat apeaks trturipet-tongued for the respect and
Lee for law and order which pervades the million
eine:n.43 Win meko up the voPtthttion Of our great
City.
Webave had among ue, in a public oapacitY,
representatives of toe litotes late in armed insur
rection newest the aeueral governmerv, a power
poolllltriF 'seed and revered in Pnitudelphie. Nor
the fist time in six years these men were with
and 1. ear the close of tho p osseeit gs Yee Willy,
do'cg,t!, from MlSBlB3iDpi rose in his place and t.f.
bored a resolotim teude.ing the thanks of the no
vena,: to the ei inns of Philareltinia for their
tindness and hospit lily to all the del irises
Tao managers of this convention aro shrewd and
fir so—ng mer t and they knew that no city in all
the N'ortn rise more approptiato for hinting their
4ediberstions than the city of brothe:ly love. Ter so
th.,t a week ago eavilled at the selection are now
Tut to the blush. high ranting the grout historic
;canals or our time honored city will bo written the
•historyof tho assembling and deliberations of the
hist national political convention that met in the
,United :•Statos ; after too triumphant close of the
war for the maintenance of the Union.
'The New York Times.
There is a grief too profound for tears-• 11 joy too
intense to find expresaMn in laughter. There are
times In polThes when fooling is too deep for utter
ance in words; when movements begotten in com
parative silence surpass in significance the noisy
demon:ration of a multitude of talkers. The
earnobtriess which is most effective does not ea
pond itself in platitudes, or obtain robot in ap
peals from a leurtlastory window. If, ever an oc
cation of this sort has existed since the formation
of the olovernment, it is that which has inn been
witnessed at Philadelphia. States separated by
war,: fore oars, and now tenanted by the unconata.
tutional preceedingo of Compass, met on the basis
of equality and peace. Cilia .ns of the tame
country, whom a c eel fats had long divided, came
'together again to exchange congratutadons, cor
rect misconeePtion,and consult in matters Magog
to their &mama interosta. They met with a con
adousn cso that on both aides nem woo a nor essitY
for revising judgments, giving and receiv rag ex
planation, and anertioning by Pero mud inter ,
course the nature and extent of °lntents to a re
newal of harmony between the section. how
would oratory have Weed the end in view? Of
what utility would elalommtemprechea hose been in
those circumstances? IVhat good could fassiblY .
have rosultet from prolonged debate, or from
fernial orations of any character?
Had the assemalsgo been intended to organize a
Party, to nominate candidates for office, and to
frame e platform upon which a now party might be
advantageously presented to the people, annotate
might have been in order. Buncombe would have,
enjoyed free course toad been glorifi•d. Evora bob
would here felt bound' to deliver himself of a load
of words, and a tinseled rheterie would have been
among tho requirements; of the day. a The outgoes
of the convention, however, lay in another direo
tton. It Mooed at aonsul'ation, not at clarara_p. It
sought th,agroundwark of united notion for Piot th
an a Anli-mot the ma - ninety tit elevate auy set cf
pantie:an to efface. It rested its coo upon the
plain providers of the Constitution—not the slip
pery generalities of partisanship. It addressed
the intelligence, the judgment. the patriotism
of the , :contra—Dot the prejudices of a elan
or the novena of to faction. Hence indulgence
In oratory might have been mischievous. wails it
could not posdbly have boon beneficial, It might
hove divottea attention from the peculiarities of
the men tier, its purpose, and the agencies on n - lairh
it should rely. And it certainly would have ex
posed the speakers to temptations and to charges
from which the whole gathering his been happily
exempt.. None can now allege toot Trotences pre
vailed, or that oratorical artifice carried the day,
or that speakers from either sootion gave vent to
it sincere ranerances, or that tho convention was
simply a political meeting, devoid of dignity and
representative importance Tho VOVOISO may be
Warmed with truth. By abstaining from needless
talk the delegates vindicated themselves from the
imputation of demagoguism, an.t nava° the wove
meat th ey inaugurated a claaracter -ler calm ear
ntstoom and thoughtful power which will com
mend It to the good still of conservative citittna
everywhere
For the convention has taken care that it shall
not he misunderst cod. Despite its indifferonee to
speeches, it, has e• °Med its principles and pur
poses in a form that May safely challenge contro
versy. Its ten resolutions and the anorneanying
address me a more substantial fauadation than
ten °retina multiplied by tea. Taw teach the
right key-note at starting—the desire of a largo
majority of our countrymen " to forget and forgive
the Iona" to reverence the Union as more sacred
than ever, and to heal the wounds which the war
has made. They assort the sot rem° authority of
the Constitution and, tne continued existence of
the Union. " with the equal rights, dignity and
authority of the States perfect and ea."
They declare that representation in Congrem is
a fundamental" right abiding in every State,
which neither Congress• nor the general govern
meat bas authority to deny or withhold; and
they call upon the people to arrest the usur-
Patton of Congress by - steeling members favor
able to the admisoien of loyal representatives from
every State. They °Deuteron t' a baneful ten
dency to centralization by asserting the reserved
rights of the States to all powers not conferred by
the Constitution upon the general goverment;
among the rights pertaining to the States being
"tee right to prescribe qualifiostirns fjr the elec
tive franni a them n, which right Congresa cannot
interfere with." Tho perpeaulty of the Union bi
reaffirmed. and fleeeSSiDe pr, pounced coostita
tionally impossible. The abdition of slavery is
rec 'seized as an accomplished fact, which the
South has neither desire nor ioteution to distant
and the tc , franohised slaves aro imknowledged as
entitled to receive. in common with other& "equel
protection in every right of person and property."
The inviolability of the national debt is procleimeda
the claims of the Federal soldiers and tailors are
conceded; and a tribute hi readored to the services
and the constitutional position of President John
son.
The New York Herald.
Tito popular gathering et Philadelphia has con
cluded its -labors and eilicurned. The campaign
for the restoration of the Union is now fully inau
gurated. That it has au auspicious beginning is
evident f nen the p tnie exhibited by the Hadioal
organs. Their elate to prejudice the pubis mind
against. the convention by the publication of Mee
and malicious reports show that they believe that
the movement ens taken a deep hold with the Poo
pin.
Contrary to the predictions of the radical organs.
and in spite of their efforts to create disturbance,
arouse the jealousies of the delegations, and excite
wrangling in the proceedings, no convention ever
assembled in this country where harmony, geed
feeling, and mutual confidence existed to the ex
tent that was manifested at the gathering ire Phila
delphia. From the hour of tho arrival of the dela.
gated down through all its proceedings, including
the adoption of the &palate+ ion of prinmples and the
address. the meet podium harmony was exhibited.
No untoward circumstance arose to mar the ocea.
Dion. All present seemed to feel the importance of
the movement and realize that momentous (peti
tions wore at stake, involving the peace, the pros
perity, and the future greatness of the republic. In
this circumstance as to be found evidence of the
changed condition of the country by the abolition
of slavery. It proves that there is no longer each a
thing as the North and the South, bat that. we have
become a homogeneous people. The abolition of
slavery has wiped out the distinction between the
two seetions, It has removed the line which di
vided the North and the tinuth, and has made us a
People of like interest's. like aims, and like hopes.
This fact the Philadelphia convention forcibly
Proves.
The fact that all the spaeohea sines the conven
tion has been in session, whether delivered by men
from the North or the South, breathe the same
spirit and exhibit a fall concurrence in sentiment
shows the strength of this movement and will give
it great weight with the public. The same har
mony also exiated In principle adoio nodress
and th o declaration of , leavingroom
for those who oppose it to cavil on that point.
Wo are unable to find in a careful perusal of the
ten specifications of the declaration of principles a
sentiment or assertion that cannot he cheerfully
subscribed to by every friend of the Union or sup
porter of the war in the North. It acknowledges
the full success of the war, that the emancipated
slave elioull receive equal protection with all
other citizens in every right of per on and proper+y,
declares the debt of the government incurred by
the United States in putting down the rebellion to
be snored and inviolable, and folly =cognize! the
services of our soldiers and sailors. What more
can bo coked by any party, except they may want
the adoption of some 'idiom° that will keep them
in Moe to the injury of the country? The address
treats at some length the anent= of ihh right of
the South to representation in Cowes& denounces
the eft 1-ts of the radical Congress i refusing them
this tight, and charaeterlaes it as an attempt at
rev Judon aid as great an effort to oterthrow the
government as vas the armed rebellion. The
danger and the multi; that in.y follow b,y estab
lishing this principle aro also shown, and then
we are told that tho right or the duty of a State
to be represented in Congress cannot be im•
paired by rebellion, nor can the enjoyment of
that right be prevented Bath tbo address
and the declaration of pr'nciples contain an
appeal to ths people in eve's , corium:dew dtetriet
to see that no members of C mimes are elected who
are Lot favorable to the poiey of restoration, for if
tee policy pursued by the present radical Congreis
is adhered to. civil war will be renewed. le proof
of this it is shown that "nowhere are the laws bet
tor obeyed than in the States lately in rebellion;
that all the disturbances that have incurred are
due to the iejudtoious politioal movements of too
Radicals, and not from hostility to the govern
ment." 'lee endorsement of the COLUB •at Presi
dent Johnson and the measures of his Admintstra
ties is emphatio and Without eduNocation, The
financial legislation and the jobs of Congress are
not shown up with thin strength and cittnestnyes
that they should have been, nor are tne dangers to
the financial interest of the e 'nutty which wilt fol
low a eintipuence of their financial polio , pointed
out with suffinent farce and clearness.
The New York World
The wotk so smoothly dime by the groat Union
convention uatisfi ea the most sanguine exp seta ions
of facade. That it will powerfully contribute
to the e - mplato restoration of the Union may be
inferred teem the fellowina emmiderations:
Firm, it severs the coeneadon between President
.Tohnson and the Republloan party. TO rant in•
nuance of the wide:rim in shaping the natio , of
the country is attested by the vehement struggler
which have always been wade by our po.itical par
ties to secure that great Whoa To elect a President
has always bean deemed the greatest victory which
OM se achieved in our polities. The power of that
°Moir, oven if he were the first menhanio or day
laborer that could be picked tip in the street, is
equal. through the veto, to that of one.tbird of
nom homes of Congress. die is also commander.
in. diet of the army; he negotiates all treaties; he
appoints all cams. and, through his subordinates,
he bee the colleetion and disbursement of the int.
manse revenues of the government. in the bands
oven of the commonest and least argacieus.man.
;hit would be a great power; but in the hands of
statesman of sagacity, experience, under e. strong.
meolum character like air. Johnson. it is algal:am.
Toe maim cf the Philadelphia convention, which
eas, in all reenacts. answered the egpeotations and
smells the wishes of President Johotion, separates
aim effectually from the Republican prir,y, and or.
rays toe whole influence of too exerutive branch
of the government against its policy.
Second. The convention has been the occasion of
a public, solemn, formal recantation by the south•
ern people of the do!tiine of secession. Thar. this
recantation is authorized, and therefore binds the
honor of the °nib, is proved by the unanimous
voice of trio solithotn pro nand the universal peril
oipation of the southern people in the choice of del.
Yates. They did not send theft, delegated to make
a tentative platform, but to assent to' out) wll,oe
substance was proolaimed in advance 112 the Call.
The perpetuity of the Union and the indestructible
equality of the States were the main features of the
mill. as they are of the declaration of principles
which has been unanimously adopted. This pub
lie and authorized renunciation of the right of se
cession, this nubile, solemn, and authorized acoopt •
once of the Union as an indissoluble bond, is a
gratifying demonstration of the complete suedes of
the war. From the natdro of the ease, the war
could not terminate by a treaty of peas.: but the
frank surrender now made by the South of all that
was involved in the contest gives us the same solid
assurance that would be given by a treaty of peace
at the termination of a foreign war. The right of
ascension is given up, slavery is abandoned. the
Confederate debt is repudiated, the binding obliga
tion of the Federal debt is acknowledged, and this
is done, not eallenly, bat freely and in tho assertion
of a claim. This public renunciation by southern
people of all the objects for Which they undertook
the we- renioves the last vestige of an excuse for
excluding Caul loaner Item their full Federal
nettle.
Third. The convention fides indelibly union the
Radicals the stigma of being the only disunion
natty left in our politics. The disunion Party of
the South has gone into history. It is a thing of
the past. Just as in the scripture the devils, when
they were oast out of certain men, besought and
received pormismon to go into a herd of swine. so
the demon of adagio's, which has been exorcised
tram she South. ban taken refuge in the hearts of
the undid's. In all this broad land. from the pine
ferrate and silver streams of Maine to the risk foie•
tures of Texas, there is no party opposed to the
Union exam, the party which follows the lead of
Charles Sumner and Thaddeus mavens. It the
accession party of the South, which arrayed itself
against the union in 18M, destrved fire and sword
and desolator), it is tot the public judgment 'to
determine what le due to rho party Whiels, after
busing pretended to fight for the Union, react its
restoration. The TOW is oreaMely what the
i sue was in 1861. tamely, %Mallet the Union shall
be restored; but Imo pity the eariteat, a , this sense,
is not tots decided b r ballots. but by ballots.
Fourth. The convention has . contributed O:sen:
tinily to the renewal or kind feelings and cordial
relations between. northern old southern citizens.
Daring the war there was complete alienation and
estrangement between the whole North nod' the
whole South. When each section was using all its
resources. and air-juice all its energies, to inflict
he greatest possible machief on tno other, all
kindness had died out. Congress. during its long
session, did nothing to revive fraternal sentiments,
but ail is its power to prolong the old aliena
tion end bitterness. The convention hsa effeeted
an open reconciliation between the two sections.
Probably a majority cf the people of the North,
and certainlY the great body of she people of the
South, bare met through their delegates, and
have made a publio renewal of friendship, with
mutual attostatione of cent:Woad and , siteem. The
two great eroded are no longer at Variance; bat a
party of malignant distreionists assume to rule
and dismember the country aRbinSE the Sense 11
&dimity of the citizens. Including the. whole
country, the friends of the Union outnumber its
easmtes by at least two ti one, as the ongoing elec
tions will demonstrate. The question, therefore,
is now rapidly assuming the blimp% whether the
majority shall rule; or, in other words. whether
republican govefnment is to be (rationed in the
United states. Taere can be no doubt whatever
that a large Mai crity of our voting citizens are ori
posed to the disanion policy of the radicals.
The convention has disentangled and simplified
the polities of the immediate future. It has eon
struoted a bridge for the President. which enables
him to not effielently and boldly with the friends of
his policy, and has united then in a commies, or
gemmed, indomitable mass. Doubtful voters can
no longer be deceived.' Nobody can again be made
ti believe that he is supporting the President while
voting for the candidates of Radicals. Hereafter,
every man who is not with the President is against
him. 'lt is now a contest in which there can be no
toitraiity, and in which every man who opposes
the President will ho branded as a distil* nist.
JOHNSON MEETING AT SUNBURY.
The waters are moving throughout the
State, a very good indication of which was
had at the meeting held in Sunbury on Tues
day last, where the following resolutions
wore adopted:
Whereas President Mimic, did, on the Bth day
of Decent bar. 1163, put fort ti a solemn Proclamation
concerning his plan of reconstruetion, in whieh he
total that "whenever, in any of the states in rebel
lion. a number of persons not lees than one-tenth
in number of the qualified voters by the election
1 iws of said State, and having taken the oath of al
legiance, shall form a State government, republican
In form, tic., such shall be recognized' as the tens
government of that State, and be defended and pro
tected by the power of the United Stated:" and
whereas Abraham Lincoln did further, after the
rebellion was inbstantially. At an end. and but throe
days before hie assassins] ion. to, wit: on the llth
day of April. 1885, reassert and reargue said plan
of reconstruction at length, and with great ability
and power;
And whereas the Union State convention of
Baltimore, in 1864, did endorse said plan of recoil
atzuctina, against the protest of Me. Th ad. Stevens.
by A vote of 492 against 27;
Therefore, Resolved, 1. That we consider the
good faith of the nation, and the good faith of our
Party, which supported Mr. Lincoln, as solemnly
pledged to that plan of reconstruction which looks
to the restoration of the Union, withal' the "right et,
dignity and equality of the several States unim-
Paired "
2. That we regoid the plan of Thaddeus Stevens
and others, to hold the eleven litotes as conquered
Provinces, as at open war with the doctrines pro
claimed by Congress on the 21st of July, 1861; at
war with Mr. Lincoln's reconstruction plan of De
cember 8, 1863; and orpoolally tootle and Moro
spectfal to Mr. Lincoln's last great speech of April
11.1865.
3. That since the southern States have laid dawn
their arms, abolished slavery, adopted the constitu
tional amendments'prohibiting it, done all osn'Lin•
coin required themes do. the promises of Mr. Lin-.
coin to rosters the Union and defend and protect
the S'ates in all thatr rights, dignity, and egeahty
should bo held snored sad carried out in good faith'
4. That to hold eleven States by force, as England
bolds Ireland, or as Austria holds Ifungam and as
Itussla holds Poland, would be to falsify all the
promises we made to the world from the beginning
I to the end of the war; would require wait standing
armies, result in a despotio government, and entail
' unsold debt, misery, and bondage on U 3 and our
children.
6. , That Andrew Johnson is striving to corny out
the principles and redeem the pledges of Abraham
Lincoln—to Noted the people from the danger;
and encronehu3ents of a centralized despotism—and
that his name will forever stand with those of
Washinglon. JatAson, and Lincoln.
6. That. the Hon. Edgar Cowan. our Wonted
and llon-hearted senator, for standing by Andrew
Johnson es Banton stood by Jackson. has won for
himself. .immortal honor. mad when the stormy
whirlwind of fanaticism has gone by all true patri
ots will hail the names of Johnson and Cowan ay
they now delight to honor thoso of Jackson and
Banton.
•
7. That wo hereby concur in end ratify the oleo
Hon of Dr. IL McCoy. of Northumberland, and I.
M. Dookenburg. OE4 of Snyder. AB the Union De
vublloan delegates to the 14th of August canyon
tion far tho Fourteenth oongreeeional diEtriot.
A New RAILROA.D.—The building of the
lowa and "Minnesota railroad bas been
commenced. Ground was broken, and a cel
ebration took place on, Tuesday at Polk
City, Minnesota.
LETTER FROM HON. THOMAS
EWING, OF OHIO. ,
LANOASTEB. Ohio, August 2,1868
Eon 0. /./.. Browning:
Dear Sir- , Your letter, enclosing a copy of a call for a
national convention to be held at Philadelphia on that
14th instant. has long been berme me I at once axe
Pressed to you my hearty concurrence Mite objects, but
canoes not within my control have thus far delayed me
In giving, as I then promised, more definitely and at
large MY views on the subject.
We all feel and know thatthe condition of the country
is unsettled; it is, in some respects, anomalous; the dif
ferent departments of the,government do not move har
moniously in their proper sphere. but, In some respect?,
retard and disturb thb action 01 each other. The evil
requires a remedy, which can only be applied on a care.
•
fat investigation of its causes.
UM most important that we have a distinct under.
standing of the present condition of our country, tie
stets of its organic law, as settled by recent events, and
a consideration of the errors and irregularities( by which
its action is disturbed. -A fair presentation of these mat
ters to the public, without a mixture of the passion or
Prejudice of party, that they may apply the corrective,
is. as I understand it, the object of the proposed conven
tion... • •
To this object I was desiroue to lend my feeble aid, as
one among the thousands whose aggregate judgment
make up public opinion.
A large proportion of the leading men of the South
have for more thanthirty years past been tanghtin the
school of disunion, reared up and educated in the po
litical faith that allegianCe to the Slate is paramount to
allegiance do the Union, and that a citizen of a State
may, at the command or State, lawfully bear arms
and wage war against the United States, and, as a corol
lary, against any one or more of the sister Staten,
This is not new doctrine; It la the same which, under
different forms of government, distracted Elwyn for
more than six hundred years, made every barony a
castle—generally a robber's stronghold—and the whole
gauntry a military encampment,
Those holding the physical force in eleven States, in
1801, declared In convention their seceasion from the
Union, expelled its °lacers and repudiated its laws, and
stood prepared to maintain, as far as they might, by
force of arms, distinct and independent• nationalities,
confederated for the purpose of attack or defense against
thelUnion ace common enemy. On the ether hand, we
asserted the absolute integrity of the Union; that no
State could ;made from or cease to be an integral part
Of the Upton; that its laws. constitutionally enacted,
were of binding force in all the States and Territories,
and that to lely war or oppose armed resistance to the
execution of the laws- of the Union was treason, even
though each resistance We're fa obedience to a la* of a
State and to the mandate e its antherity.
And it Is this op which the inns Was taken between
the paten and tilde° who held the physicalpower in the
eleven seceding States. A civil war was the conse
quence. great in Its magnitude. great in its results. The
supremacy of the Union has been maintained; the tile--
gat and revolutionary declarations of secession have
been annulled. together with the ordinanoas in their
support and their maintenance; and the several States,
sO fat as their official acts can effect that object, have
resumed each Its place as members of the Union and ac
knowledged the cinntmecry of its laws. .
Wo have contended throughout the contest that the
seceded States were Stated of the Union, and that the
citizens of those States who in any way aided in the
revolt were patty of treason. This point IFYISOW yielded;
it to settled and not open to disonasion.-
Year call only Invites those who hold . "the Union in
every case indissoluble and perpetuall" and it deelares,
-"that no delegate will take a meat in the convention
who does hot loyally, accept the national situation,
and cordially endorse the great principle , above an
nounced.'
This 1 moat heartily approve. I would not willingly
meet . in counsel or Join political action with those, if
such there be. who Would again open that question, the
agitation of which has inflicted such untold misery
upon the country,
I assume, therefore, that the laws of the Union en
acted pursuant to the Constitution are paramount,
neither weakened nor affected by the laws of the State;
that no State can secede from the Malan, dither tempo
racily or permanently; that the ordinances of secession,
though bearing the rt.n a of ;he State, were the acts of
tinautherized men, who temporarily usurped the power;
that daring the whole contest, from b s beginning to lee
close, each and all the States, notwithatanding their or
dinances of secessions were States of the Union and in
the Union, and at the close of the contest the usurped
Power was withdrawal and the supremacy of the Union
acknowledged, by the authorities of the 8- atee.
' It follows, as anecessary connote ace,that °yenta the
heat and violence of the rebellion, the Staten in which
rebel violence moat prevailed were. each and all of
them. as States. entitled to their representation in the
two - bonzes of Congress.
Such was clearly the understanding Of the statesmen
Who then ruled the stormy scene. Tennessee was repre
sented after the ordinance of secession in that State was'
passed; and I know It was the expreased wish of -Presi
dent Lincoln that iiir. Sebastian,- the senator from Ar
kansas, whose term was .-not expired, end who had
taken no part in the rebellion, should come to Wash
ington and resume hie seat in the Senate.
The difficulty existed, not in the right of the State to
be represented, but in the means of electing and cod'.
fa nig eenators and representatives.
\Vita that difficulty the houses of Congress had lathe
first inetancn nothing to do, bat when the State re
turned
its Impede:l End members, then it was the pro.
Nance of the two homes of Congress each to examine
the credentials of the proposed members of its own
body—ascertain whether they were duly appointed,
and whether personally they conformed to the requi
sites which each house had established for its members.
It cannot, therefore, be rationally contended that a
State in which the rebellion' has been suppressed, the
ordinance of secession rescinded and annulled, and the
Power of the Union acknowledged, can be denied its
representation in the two bouees of Congress, because
it has bo-n controlled by men is a state of revolt, when
that very condition, while it existed, did not deprive it
of its right of represensation. Bat thus far those SsateS
have been denied, as States, their representation in the
two houses of Congress. without question as to the
qualtficationset the individual members, or the regn
larlty of their election: It will be difficult to eltablish
the position that a portion of the Senate and the House
white has thus rejected the representation of part of
the States; Os Stales. is a h.gally constituted Congress
under the Constitution; They of course have the power
which the Constitution gives them—the - Senate to re
ject any and all such Members indsvldually for the rea
son that they do not represent their several States; the
House because they are not !shown to represent their
appropriate district.' The Constitution. defines, in ex
press terms. the powers of each hones over the mem
bers who offer themselves for recognition.
The mound section of the first article of the Constitu
tion provides that 'the Hones of Representatives shall
be composed of members chosen every ascend year by
the people of the several Statues" that is to say, of each
and allot the States. To this there is no exception and
no limitation. It includes States which have been in
revolt, as wallas those which have been always loyal.
Another Manse in the same article provides that when
vacancies happen in the representation from any State,
the executive authority thereof shall issue an order for
a t , el e ction. Here la no qualification, no requisite con
dition of the State to ent'tle it to its representation.
How does any portion of the two houses of Congress,
or a committee selected by a part of the members, sic-.
quire the power to lay down conditions and deny rep
resentation to States that do not conform to them? •
The third section proxides that the Senate of the
United States shall be cbmposed of, two senators from
each State, chosen by the Legislatures thereof for, aix
years.
The fifth article provides that "no States without Its
consent even by an amendment to she Cei illa
tion, 'be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Sena:b."
So clear is the construction of the Constitution, go
fixed the purpose of the convention, that even an
amendment of the Constitution would be void that
should attempt to deprive a State for a single day.
tinder any conditions, of its due representation-In that
body.
not the Constitution makes ample provision for the
prevention of illegal intrusion in either of those boilers,
and pats it in the power of each to exclude from itself
all members aid senasors who ore unfit from any canoe,
national or moral, for want of due election, due milli:
sate, defect of loya'ty to the. Union, or moral character,
to hold their places in either of those bodies.
Hence ills very clear to my mind that the exclusion
of States as States, for any reason, supposed or alleged,
is the indirect violation of their constitutional privi
leges. The members who may be in, possession of the
Senate chamber sod Hooeetaf Tincretentatives have the
same right to assume that New York as that Georgia Is
unfit to be represented until it complies with their pre
scribed requisitions; and if they may exclude eleven
States, they may exclude twenty, and each will affect
alike the constitutional legitimacy of the body which
thus lays dewy conditions for admission, and refuses it
to those who do not comply with those conditions
The wrong would be the more glaring if a majority
were excluded, but the principle would be the same.
It may be said that in the Senate there could not be a
o.titutional quorum if twenty States were excluded.
But what of that? Admit the 'binding efficacy,. of the
Constitution, and there is an end of the argument. '
With a view to the present 'and I'l:Gore quiet, of the
country, I am anxious Abet the present state of things
should cease to exist.
Laws formally enacted bythe members, and certified
and approved by the officers of the two houses and the
President, must be recognized by our courts without
inquiriturinto the regular constitution of each of the
Powers enacting them; be; whatever comes in the form
of law, emanating from a single branch of the law
making power. is, in lay judgment, open to examina
tion; as for example. if but one-third of the estates
should moat and take possession of the halls of the
Senate and House of Representatives, enact resolves in
the form of law. without executive sanction or recog
ration, it would be absurd to say that the courts would
be bound to hold that ouch resolves were law, without
having power to inquire into the constitutionality of
the assembly enacting thorn. This le but an a fortiori
case; the principle is precisely the same with that be
fore us; it is quite immaterial whether one-third or
two-thirds of the States be excluded hem participation
in the enactment. Admit the right of inquiry into the
constitution of the enacting body: the same right fol
lows in the other, and the illegitimacy in the one case is
as clear no in the other. This difficulty applies to the
eivibrights bill, to the last Freedmen's-bureau bill, and
to the constitutional amendment. • .
This objection. together with. the conetitutlianal diffi
culties in the several bills, can be brought before the
courts, and it is not too much to say that their decision
will be doubtful on that point, if on that alone. On
such reflection as I can give it, I think those ennetnients
would be each and all of them held void. •
This, of course, does not apply to cases where the
States did not appear at the preper time and place and
offer their senators and representatives. It would have
a quieting effect, and be hut a'reasonable sacrifice to the
Constitution and enactments eal at the last session
moment all each of the last session of Con
gross which have not received the sanction of the Presi
dent; for whatever the decision of the courts may be on
the subject, it 1. quite clear that the opinion of the
bench and beyond United St influence, or willcalc ir cles and political
unanimous in favor of the validity of those laws; they
will not ha abeoldely and entirely respected. by the
mass of the pante. as they would have been Helmeted
by a Congress la which all of the United States were
supposed to be represented..
Tnero are reasons urged for the refusing the admission
of the eleven rejected States into the legislative councils
of the nation. S.ripped of -all ambiguity, the result in
the ;Janie; Exclusion is
present majority
Order to retain'
ower in the hands 011ie present majority, and I think
but rightneraly claimed to-be strictly conatitutional,"
and reasonable in the patient anomalous
Case. •
But allow this as a precedent' and specially egdepted,
and anomalous cases will continually arise Pa the opin
ion of the party in power. -The present Congress, in
establishing the precedent, cannot say, authoritatively,
thus far and no [sateen
The Constitution allows no exceptions, It provides for
no anomaly. If violated but for•a day, it is violated.
This I look noon as the great source of evil. pregnant
with political mischief. It 'is a sap applied to the very
foundation of our -national 'edifice, and if pressed for
ward to its results must shake, if not destroy it.
It is 'needless and idle to dwell upon the past, that
whioh belongs to history; but it is not. perhaos.
impro
per for me to ray that I have not, in all things, con
curred in ibe action of the past or the present .execa
iive.
In the direct political movement necessary to preserve
the integrity of the Union and enforce rte laws—ln the
conduct of
too,, tae
Alt no hesitation. no difficulty;
and I felt, too, the necessity rw a war meaaure to remove
from those the power or mischief who actively and
openly attempted to obstruct the raising'of our armies
or to induce desertion from the same. -
Their crime approached treason, but . did not fall
within its definition. • The position of those in its com
mission was ambiguous,•occupying middle apace be'
tween traitor and spy, but whatever the judgments
of courts ruight be upon their acts, the performance
of a duty which the Preffident owed. the 00=UP:then
I
required that they should be deprived .of the power of
mischief
It was necessary to protect. one armies In the Process •
of formation against hostile ebetructione, as Well as to
protect them against meeting and oppOetng , armies in
the Held Military commisHons are warrantable oply
to cues In which the commanding goners , is - jusiined
in ordinary execution on his Own mandate without
trial; then he may properly organize a commission to
i advise and share with him theresponsibilen but I
havenever , fen Battened
.with -trials and convictions
by military'courte, where oar civil court° held male
tutted sessions:awl our civil laws could be executed.'
Suck things have, nevertheless, been done, and I have
not failed to protest against it in the proper quarter,
and nee all my powets and reason and argument to
Prevent it. The preventickt et mischief is one Chloe; :
the trial and punishment of a crime complete le another:
For tale the admmisteation of Preeident Johnson la
not entirely free from resPoneibUity; bat, as far as I
know, it was only when be was fresh in his office, near
to the surrounding circumstances which influenced the
action of hie predecessor and of hie counsellors, that he
fell into what I considered a vital error; and he early
showed a purpose to apple to the mischief, whenever
Possible, an efficient remedy: - ' ' ' •
Thus a in the only instance in which he greatly erred,
it Was ba netting in the policy of these who now most
condemn him, It was by suffering himself to b., borne
onward by the wild tide_or events which threatened to
sweep away and obliterate the 'ante ant land-marks of
oar Itepuplici and it .was only when he attempted to
check the mischief that he, encountered fierce least
.
once, contumely, and reproach. ;
Besides the Illegal conditution of the two houses of
Congress, by the exclusion of the eleven States, there
was a vice, a novelty, in the proceedings of those two ,
assemblies be the appointment of a j tint committee; on '
all the important .miestions of reconetruction, and the
admission of members to each body—a, committee simi
lar to that of public safety in - the constituent assembly
of Prance In the days of the revolution, and almost
eanaUY potent , , „
The two houses, by the appointment of this commit
' tee and the powers granted laeponeolidated, and there.
were no longer for the more Seeportant Purposes. of. the
session two norms of Congress—two different Retain
blies.. Indeed, there could, be no deliberation in either
of those bodies They were fettered and bound by the
action of the joint committee, and no member could be
Permitted to introduce a measure without St fleet Passingg
through this ordeal; and It was as mach as the political
standing of any senator or representative was worth to
dispute Its behests. In a few inetances it was attempted,
bat on each occasion . followed .by an explanation and
an apology.
Men are drifted by the strong current of events where
their own deliberate judgment would not carry them.
In the composition of meet, oven man possessing intel
ligence and some force of character, there is more of
the ogler than of the oak; hence it is that, to times of.
high political excitement the more reckless and violent
govern in political !monthlies sober minded men, their''
superiors in knowledge and intellect. Hence measures
were adopted almost unanimously. which would 1161
have passed the two houses by the free .votes'of. the
members without this re.traint. Its efficacy must have:
been understood, and its necessity foreseen, or this;
strange anomaly in American legislation wouldrnog
have been resorted to.' • • • ' • -;
By the report of she Committee on Reconstruction . it,
appears to have been their opinion that what is getiere.
ally understood as an executive duty—the right oft de-.
=mining when the insurrection or rebellion Ina State •
has ceased, and It is in a condition for selLgovernment .
—Pertains to the two houses of Congress and not to the
President.
They say it was hie duty to execute the laws of Con-
grout, and they ignore and, in effete, deny his right to..
do his duty under the Constitution, except as 'hey may
diredt or impel him; this is their fleet radical error, and
the close of the .report shows how unfit a legislative
body is for the performance of executive duty,'
It Wee well shown in the long Parliament of England;
when they nudeitook to exercise executive powers' it
la equally well shown here.' - . '
Not only could not Congress agee as to what should
be done to effect reconetzaction—when it 'should begin,
and how far It should advance—without the aid of , at
committee or reconstruction, but that committee ease
lected say that the result of their report was a mutual
con leseiOn after es long and careful comparisonof Me-
Meting opinions. .
•
it would asset their inability to agree might have well
admitted of some deference and respect for the main ens
of the President, who, with more knowledge, certainly
an equally patriotic spirit, much larger information, and
longer deliberation, differed from some: and:perhape, all
of theme =if hewere mistaken, and members wereree
tarned to Congress from •States not .organized,'so as to
be competent to retain them, each house had' tuo power
to determine the question for itself in the cast of each
fedi ' , Meal member, and, on fall, information, to reject
or admit. . . • .
• . • ,
Taste seems to be no attitjement on the points in which
It is charged that the President erred,•and every act,
and each conceivable omission to. act, Is objected to by
different individuals The only parameter in which
they unite is: that he did not in all things conform to
the will of Cengress. lie had opinions of his own, and
expressed them In time and form as' prescribed by the
nonstitution. But other grave' objections were urged.
Seem= Trumbull, in a speech lately delivered to his
constituents, claims that the President did not punish
traitors sufficiently; In other words, that there bad not
boon bloodrepeough shed, or that there had not been rain
and misery, Poverty and privations enough , brought
upon the people of the Smith to teach them that rebel
lion was unprofitable. Mr. Trumbull, had lie views
been carried out in detail, would have taught them
well that submission was even less prodteble than re
bellion.
And I would ask, under what law, after the war had
ceased, could the President hang or ehoot or • tinpritton
those eitito had been traitors?
The matter Must have bean submitted to our notate of
justice. and no time had elapsed eatiolent to orgataze
and officer courie and bring to trials hundred thennand
criminels for Ices en. - • -
Mr. Trumbull claims that the President, in a conver
sation with him (and I take him as -a specimen of the
violent men of hie party), seemed to yield'• . the
opintou, or expressed the opinion, that the laws: t.. should
be rigialy executed against those who violated them. •
'When ho norevereeet with Mr. Trumbull, according to
the account we have of the co aversation, he seemed to
be smarting under the infliction of heavy - .recent
wrongs, and, ho spoke with feedings of indigo:Wien and
resentment common to mon and jaettflable [n their
estivate station; but when ho asactame President of the
United States those feelings ought to have been, and I
trust thee averessuppreased ~nd his' personal prone
forgotten. - ' - - '
His office Was then the restorer Of.the 'Pnblieleace
and order, not the avenger of private , Wrongs,' or the
instrument by which private vottgeaticewaslo be grati
fied r and it became a question, What wae the best mode
Of reconelliog ell men to their conditions and establish.
inn peace and harmony In the country. ' ta ..
That popnldepaZdiOne and prejudice still exist In th
South ia undoubted: The opinions of men as to ,thea
abate= rights are uncbangedt for ne man or men were
over reasoned into a change of opinion by the cannon
or the bayonet. t' ougn they may watt be taught that it
is better. to live at peace. and enjoy freedom and safety
of life and property under et regular constitutions[
government, than to suffer a repetition of the terrors
and desolation of a civil war.
it is the remark of a writer who lived through the
French re eolutie o. who reasoned sagely, and who ob
served much, that 'the remedy a for popular passions is
lobe found, not *despotism or arbitrary infliction, but
in the as,ured a evereigate o. the law." I concnr in thin
opinion. and for these reason... I do notunite in the cou
gars which Senator Trumbull casts upon the President
because we discover humane feeling' in hie official action
for the miseries of those who had most. wronged. him,
especially as I am conscious that Iris kindness and for
bearance tended math more than severity to the (Wan
lishment of union and harmony. - ~ ' . '
_ I am not the apologist of the President. sit isetimply
my aim to do him and all, others right and justice
according to my own conceptions.
In these I may greatly err. but -my opinione are
founded on the observation of passing e eentsy . and with
a view only to the interests of my country.' - . t t:
' It is idle to impugn the motives and' apply Perenni
abase to those who' with es in political opinion. to
call names, to use contemptuous epithets, and thus de
preciate personally these whose arguments we .found
to be unanswerable. • • •
There .is much'of this that is neither Oreditable,nor
statesmanlike in the epeach of Mr. Trumballewhich is
now before me, bat I well not comment upon Ito se ..
My wish is that the Republican party, very many of
whose members I highly respect, may. return to: ,the
path of constitutional rectitude, and: walking In that
path. I wish them a long and successful administration
at thefr appropriate sphere; in the affairs of government'
but if they and the Conetitatimi and the Union cannot
exist together, I can earnestly desire their speedy and
,float overthrow. ' • ,
Practically, my opinion is that a humane forbearance
in the execution of penal laws, which shell make it the
Interest of men to meter the Union and law and order to
anarchy, is the only sound policy. . ... .-
Some will undoubtedly become ontlews, bat AS few
as possible ehould be driven to. that conditi= and the
few that, having been allowed the privileges of citizens
and the rights of property, choose to form themselves
into predatory bande, whether they plunder upon. the
land or water, should the exterminated as enemies of
the human race. . .
I hope much from the. good effect of your convention.
I am sore that it will be conducted in a spirit of kind
ness and conciliation, at the same time with firmness
and decision. .I. treat much in its erect upon public
opinion, much. indeed,. inns effect oa the 'opinion. and
'actions of the present Canalises - I hope al . the next ses
sion of this Congress to find a state of feeling sectethat
no considerable change may be necess try to eecure a
triumph of consthutionalla w and the union. peace and
Prosperity of each and every part of our common count
. try. I am, very respectfully. years, • '
. • THOMite t EWING.
Our Navy on a Peace Footing.
The official Regiater'of the Officers of the
United States Navy, corrected up to the Ist
of August, is just issued from ,tbe govern
ment printing office at . Washington; : It
shows that the regular officers ol the navy,
on the active, retired and reserved lists, num
ber a little over two thousand, as fellows
Admiral
Vise Admiral
Rear Adwiralsraotive list ...
—retired list
Csnivdores—active list
—retired list
Captains—aetive list
• -retired li•t
" —reserved list • •
Commanders-saliva list'
—retired list
reierved list- •
Lieutvant Come mders—activeliat
—re ired list
Liennymnis:a r e e t t l i v rV i l lt s . t •
" —reserved list
/teems—active list
—reserved Clot ...4
ildidsbipmen—gradnates •
—on probation (fear chugs).
Eitirseens—aetiveliat
" —retired list
Paned Assistant Serseons—ativo list
.
" •• —seared3
Assistant Surgeons—active list • • • 33
" • "- ••
—retired list 4 2
. _ _
Paymasters, all'ranks
Chaplains. all ranks,
Proiassors of mathematics: r • '
Naval' oonstruotore • -
Naval storekeepers
Engineers, all ranks
Boatswains., •'
Gunners
Carpenter+
dailraakers
Marine corps, °Blears
Total
A largo nunibor . of volunteer officers, not
inoludod ill this list, remain lathe;. service,
assigned to various command - 6 on shipboard
or in navy-yards, Or awaiting ordoni
A TERBIBLE EXPLOSION.--The Italian
journals teport frightful catastrophe at
Piacenza. A small
r powdei.mill' blew up,
and communicated the fire , to a factory of
cartridges, which likewise exploded. A.bout
sixty young women, some soldiars, and
several civil laborers who were einployed on
the promiaa, were all buried in the burning
ruins. The 'exact number of the dead and
wounded is not•known.
-.. 156
... 66
..,
ss
101