All each &motors in the thirty-six States and nine
Terri Aeries of the United States and in the Dis.rict
of Columbia who, in a sttirit of patriotism and love
for the Union. 0110 rite above personal and seotional
considerations. and who desire to tee a truly Na
tional Union convention, which shad represent all
the States and Territories of the Union. assemble
as friends and brothers, n.nr the national Cm to
hold counsel together npoiliille state of the Union,
and to take measures to avert possible danger from
the same, are specially renuesfedto take part in the
choice of each delegates.
Bat no delegate will take a seat in such conven
tion who does not loyally accept the nation,'
situation and cordially endorse the principles
above set forth, and who is not attached. in true
allegiance, to the Constitution. the Union, and the
government of the United states.
A. W. RANDALL, President.
"T. R. DOOLITTIE,
0. H. BROWNING.
EDGAR COWAN.
CHARLES KNAP
SAMUEL FOWLER,
•
Executive Committee National Union Club.
Washington, June 25,1866.
Senator Doolittle---With the leave of the
gentleman from Ohio, and before the motion
Is put on his resolution to appoint a commit
tee on credentials, I ask leave to submit the
following resolutions, which have reference
to the order of business in the convention.
The first resolution, which I offer with his
leave, will be this :
Resolved, That until otherwise ordered, the general
rules of the House of Representatives of the United
States, so far as applicable, will govern the proceedings
of this convention, and until otherwise ordered. in case
any questions shall arise to be determined by a division,
or by the ayes and nays, the secretary Abell call the roll
of all thelltates and Territories of the United States and
the District 6f Columbia' each State. as called, shall be
entitled to cad double the number of votes to which it
is entitled in the electoral college, as its delegation shall
direct I and each Territory, and also the District of Co.
huabia, shall be entitled to cast two votes, as their
Bateral delegations shall direct.
The resolution was unanimously adopted.
Senator Doolittle—l desire also to submit
the following resolution:
Resolved, That all resolutions and propositions not
relating to the organization of the convention be re.
ferred by the chair to the committee on resolutions,
hereafter to be appointed, without debate; and that alt
resolutions, propoaitions, and questions relating to the
right or claim or any person to a seat in the convention
be referred by the chair to the commit; ee on credentials,
hereacter to be appointed, without debate; and that
until the appointment of each committece they do lie
UM the table without debate.
This resoldtion was u'nanimously adopted.
The secretary—The following resolution is
offered by General Steedman, of Ohio: ,
Resolved, That a committee of thirteen shall be ap
pointed by the chair ae a committee on credentials.
This resolution was unanimously adopted•
Montgomery Blair—l wish to offer the fol
lowing resolution ,providing for the perma
nent organization of this convention: . •
Resolved. That a committee of onelrom each State be
appointed by the chair to report officers for the perma
nent organization of the convention. Adopted.
Mr. Florence—lt strikes me, sir, inasmuch
as there is great misapprehension as to the
character of the delegates to this body, that
the secretary be requested to read a circular
issued over the signatures of Judge Blair,
General Campbell, etc., etc.
This well-known supplementary call was
then read. To which Mr. Florence objected,
as not the one referred to.
The congressional call issued by Niblaclr,
Thornton, and others was also read.
E.O. Perrino—l will now read the appoint
ments made on tho two committees, that on
credentials and that on organization.
They aro as follows:
COIDIETTES 015 CitIITANTIAT.S. '
James B. Steadman, Ohio, G. M. Ives, Connecticut,
N. D. Coleman, Louisiana, B. H. Epperson. Texts.
Thomas Hayne, Illinois, William N. Blair, N. K
C. Y. Daly. New Fork. Asbel Green, New Jersey,
David. Kilgore, Indiana, J. MeFerrao, Missouri,
J. B. Campbell, B. C.. J. R. Franklin. Maryland.
A. Hyatt Bmith.Wisconsin,
COMMITTEE ON ORGISIELTION.
Nathaniel Little. thine, B. H. Epperson. Texas,
F. A. Hibbard. N. IL, Joseph Ramsey. Tenn.,
J. J. Daxvitt, Vermont, Alexander White. Ala.,
E. A. Alger. Massachusetts, Hon. E. A. Chew, By.,
A. Baling, Rhode Island. George T,igs. Ohio,
Loren P. Waldo. Conn., Col. L. G. Rose. Indiana,
W. H. Ludlow, New York, Idea. Thos. J. Turner, 111.,
Joel Parker, New Jersey, Gen. A. A. Stevens, Mich.,
A. W. Tracy, Penna., H. M. Price, Minnesota,
Jos. M. Barr, Delaware, L. B. Viley, Wisconsin,
T. S. Flournoy. Virginia. G. IL Murphy, lowa,
Jeltnei. Thompson, W. V., H. Smith, Kansas,
W. Wr}ght. N. Carolina Hon. Saml. Purdy, Cal.,
T. N. Dawkins. S. Carolina,i W. H. Permit.. Oregon,
Porter Ingraham, Ga., Owen Thorn. D. C .
I. B. Dawkins. Florida, J. W. Turner._ Dakotah•
0. F. Batley, Minnesota, T. W. Bens. Idaho
G. G. Perham, Louisiana, Hon. J. S. Morton. Piebeka
J. B. Lace, Arkansas, Elwood Evans, Wasbing'n
On motion of Montgomery Blair, the con
vention then adjourned to most again et
noon today.
So ended the first day of the convention.
Its proceedings, opened with conservative
wisdom, were haimonious to the close. In
perfect concord the great assemblage die-
D arced. The rain fell heavily as the conven
tion left the wigwam. Late last evening the
clouds seemed breaking under the promise
of a pleasant morrow. To the Union mon of
the entire country, .the sun of this morning
will be the sun of a second Austerlitz.
Wednesday August 15.,
The second day or the convention opened
auspiciously. The fog of the morning lifted
before noon, and when the delegates began
to move toward the wigwam the sun stole
out from behind the clouds, and its bright
rays lay like golden fragments on the pave
ment and streets below. The wigwam was
completed by the time it was opened to the
public. At ten o'clock the people began to
enter, and when the delegates commenced
arriving the building rapidly filled. The
cars on the roads leading to the wigwam
were utterly insufficient to accommodate the
people on Monday. • Yesterday, although
the vehicles were crowded to the guards'
more walked to the convention than could
procure conveyance.
At eleven.o'clook the delegates began to
assemble. They came first by twos and
threes. Then knots of men in. earnest con
versation strolled into the amphitheatre, and
finally the tide turning steadily into the
wigwam it filled rapidly. When the delega
tions began arriving, Massachusetts and .
South Carolina entered 14 the same familiar
intercourse that had been so happily inaugu
rated on Monday. Pennsylvania's double
delegations :assumed places near the front,
Senator Cowan and Judge Black represent
ing the two wings of the party of the Presi
dent. now thoroughly and intimately
fused. The crowd at the doors grew
every minute. until along the avenue the
line of unfortunate outsiders would have
filled a moderate wigwam of their own.
The precaution taken by the National
Union Johnson Club to issue tickets of
admission prevented undue crowding and
any difficulty within the wigwam, but the
throng without jostled and surged at the di
rection of the police, until after the adjourn
ment of the convention.
Elester Clymer Enters.
About noon Hiester Clymer entered the
wigwam. He is a small but well-knit man,
roundly built, with a clear, honest face, pleas
antly wrinkled. His eyes are filled with per
petual.laughter. As he entered the amphi
theatre a hundred eyes recognized him, and
he was everywhere hailed. An enthusiastic
Democrat in the gallery proposed three
cheers for him, and they were given with
stentorian effect. Before he could reach the
seats of the Pennsylvania delegation and hide
in the centre of the delegates his hand was
shaken until it must have lost sensibility.
The place when the convention opened
was the most compact mass of humanity
ever seen in this or any other city. There
was no vacant seat in the entire building.
The delegates in solid body filled the am
phitheatre. Upon the stage were crowded
the officers and the united and honored.
guests of the convention. Major General
Henry W: Slocum came accredited a
delegate 'from California. Major General
Alexander McDowell McCook and Major
General S. Wylie Crawford appeared side
by side, and the statesmen and generals who
were present upon the platform and in the
amphitheatre det'y particularization. The
reporters were too numerous for their limited
accommodations. They sat on the seats of
the platform, E/hatted on the floor, and found
covert in any corner that presented. A num
ber of them improvised desks of the ends
of boards thrown into the yard, and with
the uncouth blocks on their knees sketched
the proceedings. Wherever the eye fell a
sea of upturned faces was presented. Emery
avenue was filled. The lobby was a jam.
The vestibule was so crowded that eleventh
hour delegates could with difficulty enter,
and oven the music stand was crowded by
the inner circle of people, forced by the
pressure from below. When General Dix
called the convention to order, there were
at least twelve thousand people within the
'building. In decorous and respectful quiet
they awaited the commencement of the ex
ereine.
The Opening.
General Dix opened the ball. Three.sharp
rape of his wooden gavel seated the dele
gates and the convention was ready for bu
siness. The president presented Rev. Mr.
Holsinger, of Washington, Tennessee, who
solemnly prefaced the exercises with the fol.
lowing prayer :
F-Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thy Home loath
been the dwelling place for all generations, before we
were brought forth. Even from everlaiding o everlast
ing Thou art God. And in the name of Thy Son, Jeans
Christ, we ask Thee for his sake to pardon all our sins'
In Thy Providence we have been brought together here
for a special parpose, and we ask the kind Father to
give us a portion of His Holy spirit on the present occa
sion,and that Thou wooldat give ns to feel the respon
albiitles which rest upon no; and as millions in all
fature times are to be affected for weal or for woe by the
doings of this convention, may weiebeilmbned with infi
nite wisdom.
May we teel glad that the storms of war have passed
by, and that we are permitted to reunite under the
arch, and all our States to be represented together.
We ask Thee, kind Father, that the stars on the field
of onr national emblem may be cemented, and that our
Union he what it represents to be. May it be perma
nent; may it be lasting; and in order that this occa
sion may be successful, we ask Thee, kind Father, to
give us the spirit of our fathers, that their mantles may
fall upon us. May the spirit of 17/0 abide and dwelt
among us in this convention, and may God bless us all
together.
We ask Thee for temporary prosperity, that it may
rest nPon the land. May peace reign everywhere.
May our fields produce an abundance. May our goods
be increased, and may we appropriate them all to the
beneficent perm:lsis of promoting the goad of our race
an gle i g g o i rlrod! ot a inture mu:mention Proceedihgs-
And especially let Thy blessing rest upon the Presi
dent of these United States. Give him the head sad
heart and hands to accomplish Thy mighty work
which thod hest been pleased to give him to do.
And we pray Thea to encircle ns in Thy arms, for we
are all living creatnres. In a few years we will be
called, and we will sleep in the silence of the tomb, as
our fathers do to-d ay.
Impress our hearts with the solemnity of the Ince;
Mon. May we be honest men. May we act singly for
the good of the country, and for Thy glory. May we
fear God, and keep His commandments, and when we
come to be changed from being in theworld,may we die
in peace with our fellow men, having faith in God, and
final/y, through tho blood of our Blessed Redeemer,
may we shout the song of triumph al the right hand of
Thy Majesty on high forever and forev . er. Amen,
Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, then ob
tained the floor. He moved that the com
mittee on organization be called upon to re
port the permanent officers of the conven
tion. Unanimously adopted.
The report was handed to General Dix.
He gave it to Secretary Terrine, who an
nounced that he would read the report. The
announcement of the president, Hon. James
R. Doolittle, of 'Wisconsin, awoko the most
enthusiastic applause. Cheer after cheer
echoed from the amphitheatre to the galle
ries, and then, increased in volume four-fold,
swelled to the very roof-trees. The secretary
laid the paper down and watched the scene.
The convention closed the plaudits with
three full-grown cheers, and the additional
officers were read:
VICE PRESIDENTS.
. .
Leonard Wood. Maine, Gen. E. G. Burnett, Texas,
Edwin Marsh, Li. H.,. - Thos. A. R. Nelson, Tenn.,
Hiram Clark, Vermont. 0. F. Heweton, Alabama,
W. B. Hill, Massachusetts, Hon. J.W. Radway, Tenn.,
A. Anthony. Rhode Island, lion. Ruins 13. Haney, 0.,
Hon. 0. F. Winchester, S. E. Greene, Illinois,
Kentucky, lion. J. Hogan, Missouri,
Hon. J. F. Paxton, N. Y. Franklin Seal, Minnesota,
John Mershambergl N. f, Gilbert lllontgomery,Wis.,
ABS Packer, Pennsylvania. Edward Johnson. lowa,
A. R. Stockwell. Delaware, J. L. Pedrick, Kansas,
Gen. Parker. Maryland, W. D. Haman. California,
Hon. John W. Poindexter, Hon. G. H. Corwin, Ark.,
irglnia, Joseph H. Huey, D. C.,
James Lerman, W. Va.. Judge T. W. Turner, .1)a-
John A. Gilmer, N. C.. kotab,
Judge B. J.Wardlaw, S. C., G. L. Miller, Nebraska,
Richard F. Lyon, Georgia, Hon. B. F. Bill, Colorado,
Judge T. Madan, Florida, Ellwood Evans, Washing-
G. A. Childs, Mississippi, ton Territory.
Cuthbert Builltt, La.,
SECRETARIES.
James Kane. Maine. H. S. Creston, Georgia.
S. S. Cutler, DC IL A.G. 111mshern. Mississippi.
George H. Simonds, Vt. A. W. Walker. Louisiana.
Charles Wright, Mans. Louis Goodwin, Arkansas.
James Parsons, R. I. J. H. Lannor. Texas.
•e.••• . . • . . .
James Bake, Kentucky John Miller, Tennessee.
E. 0. Perrino, Now Yolk. John Daystree, Alabama.
Thomas Wilson, N. J. Di. B. Agin, Kentucky.
A. Weaver, Pennsylvania. E. Beaelin, Ohio.
J. 11. Clarke, Delaware. John Maglratie, Illinois,
Dr. W. W Watkins, Md. General John B. Burk,
Edward Singleton, Va. Michigan.
Henry W. Walker, W. Va. L. Wilkinson, Missouri.
S. S. Patton, N. C. Jolla L. Goodwin. Wis.
Jim Simons, S. C. • S. G. Packer, lowa.
President Doolittle's Address.
Mr. Doolittle stepped to the front of the
platform. General Dix, vacating the cimir,
offered it to the senator. Then the applause
burst out anew. The convention rose and
bailed its president. A great shout that
shook the building greeted Mr. Doolittle as
be came forward, and the cheers, protracted
for three minutes, filled every part of the
vast theatre. It subsided at length, and he
spoke: .
Gentlemen of the convention and fellow-citizens of
the United. States: For the distinguished honor of be
ing called upon to preside over the deliberations of this
convention I thank yon. I could have wished that
these responsibilities had fallen upon another, but re
lying upon that courtesy and generous confidence
which has called me to the chair, I enter at once upon
upon its duties with an earnest desire for the success of
the great cause in which we are engaged. Among the
great events prove own day, this convention. In me
opinion, will to be one of the greatest, for peace
has her victories, not less renowned than war, and
this convention is one of her victories ammmese
appi a use.J ay-
Naus); marl not say a
h o se crwning victory? tßenewed
a For the first in six years a national
convention representing all the States now assembles.
Six long, weary years! As we look back, what an in
terim of blood and agony and tears! Daring that
period we have been engaged in the most gigantic civil
war the world hese:or seen, wasting our immense re
sources and watering hundreds of battle-fields with
the blood of our fathers and brothers; but, thank God,
the war is now over. [Cheers.] Peace, blessed peace,
I e bus come, and the assurances which we here witness
, tell us that peace has come and come to stay. (Dea[en
: ing applause.]
Ohl
my
fellow citizens, if the whole people of the
United States could at this moment look in upon this
convention, and if they could see what we now wit
ness, the A orth and the South, and East and the West,
joining together to fraternal association, as friends and
fellow citizens, our work would be already done. If
they could have seed as we sais , >Massachusetts and
South Carolina, by their full delegations coming into
this place arm.in-armi if they could have seen the
body greater in numbers, in character, and in weight of
brain than ever
befo re, s
on this continent
under one roof, melting into tears of joy and gratitude
: to witness this commingling, there Would be
rem e m b e r
at the polls in the coming election. When I remember
that it was. Massachusetts and South Carolina that in
the convention that framed that Constitution 'toted
against the abolition of the slave trade, that it was
Mtuisachusetts men in 1812, at their solemn convening,
who taught the doctrine of the nullification which
South Carolina reasserted fa in 3, and In the form of
secession again reasserted 1810; when I call
to mind that South Carolina fired the first
gun in this contest, and that the men of filaesachu
s ett:=l:,:,,r4tmt,l4siAr.s
and
icos thed eee w fl : g g — re v a l aale c s a o ll f
Massachusetts and South Carolina coming here in fra
ternal embrace, approaching the common altar of a
common country ready to make any sacrifice for the
good of the whole—l say. again, could the whole people
of the Union ivitness all this, there would remain no
farther work for ft to do. (Protracted cheers.] If the
people of Massachusetts themselves could have wit
nessed it not a single member would be returned to
I
Congress from that State [cheers] until he had given
the most sacred pledge that he would do all in hie power
in Congress to recognize the equality and dignity of all
the States under rho Constitution, including the sacred,
inalienable right of every State, under the Constitution,
to representation in both hones of Congress. (Cries of
"Good!" and applause.]
Gentlemen of the convention, I shall go into no taiga
meat on this occasion. The distinguished gentleman
who preceded me said all that I would desire to say
mach better than I could say It. I endorse it, and take
pleasure in the fall endorsement of all that he said, con
tents by sentence and word by word. (Applause.)
Fallow-citizens, unfortunately the whole people of the
United States aro not here to witness what is now trans
piring. Therefore the greater work still rests upon us.
From this time nntll the election of the next Congress
we should be untiring in our exertions to see to it that,
If this Congress shall continue to refuse the right or
representation to equal States, the next Congress ;ull
recognize them. [ Wild applause.) When , that is done,
the Union fa restored. [Cheers.] When the Union is re
stored we shall be prepared, In myjudgment, to enter
upon a higher and nobler career among the nations of
the earth than has ever. been occupied by any other
government upon which the sun of heaven ever shone.
[Applause ] We shall then stand in the vanguard of
civilization and of liberty, and we shall lead by the
light of our example all the other nations of the earth.
Gentlemen, without detaining yon any further I shall
at once enter upon the duties of the chair.
The President—Gentlemen who have been oho.
sen as vice presidents and secretaries of the con
vention will now please come forward and take
their seats upon the right and left of the chair,
and while they are doing ee the musio will please
continue.
(general Steedman, of Ohio—l beg leave to make
a report from the committee on credential!,
The President—The secretary will read the re
port.
The committee on credentials report that they
have considered the credentials of all the dele
gates presented to them, and that in no State has
any contest occurred except in Maine. Delaware
and New York. And in these eases they have made
the following disposition!:
The delegation elected by the meeting held at
Portland, heeded by Governor Crash:, in the opin
ion of the committee. aro ervitled to admission as
delegates from the State of Maine.
The committee reoommend that the delegation
from Delaware. elected by the meeting held at
Dover, on the 26th of ..T11.9, be admitted as delegates
from that State.
The committee recommend that the Persons
chosen by the meeting held at Wilmington on the
2d of Atinstlbe admitted to honorary mats in the
convention.
They else recommend Glatt he gentlemen attend
ing frees the New York Service Society of Soldiers
and Sailors, and the gentlemen:moommended by the
chairman of the New York delegation, be admitted
to sesta as honorary members; and that inasmuch
as the reading of the list of delegates must 0013UPY
much time, the committee recommend that the
reading be dispensed with, and that the list be pub
lished with the eroceedings of the convention.
General Steedman—Fur the information , of the
convention, I would say that room 44, Continental
Hotel, is the headquarter! of the committee on
credentials, and there a hook is placed to enter the
names of any further delegates.
Per ! the purpose of enabling the convention to
Proceed at once to the Winces for which it wee
an F sde ir cb a o t li . ido N v. V .T e dh li c: a wn ll na w t ;th gratitude to Almighty God the
assemb'ed, I now move the previous question of Mr. Raymond or the deliberate and fer-roaohing
on the adoption of the resolution. sentences of Jeremiah i. Blanc could not have end of the war and the return of peace •to our afflicted
The PLENIOne question was a as: &Med The le- I penetrated the extern of she vast theatre like the
Lei closed has maintained the au
thority of the Constitution mith all the powers which
port Wal adepts 1. mejestio diction of Senator Defied°. His voice has
it confers and all the re ' strictions which it imposes
Mr . :Groesbeck, of Ot io—l. desire. Mr. President, all she messivenets that made Web. ter the greatest
to present to this Convention a Jotter f cum o g_ s en ri oho ,Orufthe /and.and the power of Mr, Doolittle's upon the general' government unabridged and uo al-
Mall who was elected to this convention., abu who Wow , , enforced by the soh dity of his clear, well- teredi and it has preserved the Anion, with the equal
has resigned. I believe I may state to the convert- measured tones, was the wonder of those rights, dignity, and authority of the States perfect and
lion that the letter is from U Ir. Vellandigham, who bad never before heard hire speak. I unimpaired.
I ,u,,:tr an i d te i ns h e e nttien in the co e C g o e n Congress
g o h f
t t r h o e co li g. n i i , te e i
Ibis Badifesed to the convention. and I will more is' The speech. as reported this moraine by ono of
1
fortlie Constitution as electoraliding in every Slate, and as a
state for information Shut 1 present the letter to the sdionographers of the Daily News, was short •
duty imposed upon the people, fundamental in its no
,
bode as the organ of the netted delegation of handed while sitting on the edge of one of the gal
, the State of Ohio, nerd being addressed to the con - I eery 8,0 1 ,5 at the extreme right and roar of the tore , and essential to the existence of our republican
&
vention I abet it be read. 'meeker.' desk. At this position. the least nocessi- institutions, and neither Congress nor the general gov-
The Chair—The gentleman from Ohio presents a bin to round of any portion of tb e building..the onlY creme= has any power or authority to deny this right
letter from Honorable C. L. Vallandigham [chows eontcneo that was indistinotlY heard was the beau- to any State, or to withhold its enjoyment under the
and hieses] , and requests - that the same shag be tiful allusion to the first blood-soorifice offered in people, R4T e lk ' r f ercorttt n li p e on e t o h o e p r. r
read. lt is neoeseary bolero doing so that unatd- tbo war by, the men of elassaortneetts The p l e e ° o . f . the United States
to elect to Cougress,As members thereof, none but men
more consent be riven- Do I hear any objection? sneaker's voice faltered With up uttorehlo emotion, who admit this fundamental right of representation,
Me. Graham, of Now Y..rit—l ebj,oe. as hie mind went book to tiro day when his own and who will receive to seats therein loyal representa-
ReUerdY Johnson—Mr. President, I sett if yin are bravo hey laid oowu hie life foe that Union . which -elves from every State in allegiance to the United
entirely satisfied that it requires the to, [mimeos I the father now seeks to uphold. But the w olds, Rates, subject only to the constitutional eight of each
COIMODT , of the o mvon'ion to read the letter. If though -broken iu uirerance with the sobs that how: S t r o l l:go. of [lt election, rs retarns, and qualificas
we have such a rule governing u 5 I move that it be • mothered in the heart were eerfeetly audible. lions
suspended. In all the front of the groat building, the voice of Fifth. The ' C ' Tn i e r atllon 'Of the United Slates and laws
made in pursuance thereof are the supreme law of the
mt. filroosbook--I second the motion, but love the speaker, save in tit tt one amtenee, eeunded like land, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State
the gentleman who offered the obj option will wits the clear ring of a html'. to the contrary nothwithstanding. All powers not con
d raw it. To Senator Doolittle inthe choir the WhOil) con- forced by the Constitution upon the general government
The motion to It:stem the rule a arlod. The vention yielded deferential obedience. His do- nor prohibited by it to Mawr are reserved to the
letter was read. Melons were given with reelaritahle, prorppti - - promptitude States, or to the people thereof, and among the
righte thns reserved toStatesisthe _, 5.,-„ .. ... the _. ~ rEi ht to
Mr. Vallatidigham , a Letter.
GIRARD HOUSE, PHILADELPHIA, August.l4,lS66.
—To the Chairman of the National Union Convention:
.Sir—l have this day received from the National Union
'Committee, through the Hon. William EL Groesbeck,
chairman of thejsint Ohio delegation tcliyour conven
tion, a ticket of admission as a delegate team that State
The Hon. General IlicCook, chairman of the Democratic
delegation front Ohio, has also communicated to me the
following resolution, this morning adopted by that del
egation:
Resolved unanimously, by the Democratic Ohio dele
gation, That we recognize the right of. Clement L. Val
ham, a duly elected delegate from the Third con
gressional district of Ohio, td hold a seat in that con
vention. That we should regard his exclusion from
such seat as an unmet and unwarrantable infringement
of the rights of the Democracy of said district, and are
ready to stand by him in the assertion of his rights and
the rights of his constituents. That we endorse cor
dially the parity and patriotism of his motives, and his
fitness to sit in said convention; yet for the sake of har
mony and geed fooling In the same, and la order to se
cure the great ends for which it is called, we consent to
his withdrawal from the delegation, and front a neat in
the convention, if, in his judgment, his duty to his con
stituents shall Justify such a withdrawal.
Yielding my own deliberate convictions of duly and
right to the almost unanimous opinion and decision of
friends whose wisdom and soundness of judgment and
sincerity and purity of motives I may not question, to
the end that there shall be no pretext frotn any quarter
for any controverted question or disturbing element in
the convention to mar its harmony, or hinder in any
way the good results for the cause of Die Constitution,
the Union, and public liberty, which shall follow
from its deliberations and its action, I hereby withdraw
from the Ohio delegation, and decline taking my seat
In the convention.
, The letter cone'uded with a few words explarm•
to: y of the position and policy of the writer, and a
defense of the principles that have lately guided
him in relation to national affairs.
Mr. Cowan. of Pennsylvania. then arose, amidst
the moot boisterous cheering, and offered a resolu
tion providing for the appointment of a committee
of two from each State and Territory to report re
solutions and an address.
The resolution was agreed to.
The Chair—l have suet received the following
despatch from the President of the United States.
which the secretary will read. The despateh, rem
after three eheets had been given for the author.
was:
The President's Despatch.
WASHINGTON, Mind 14.—T0 tSe Honorable 0. IL
Browning and A. W. Randall. Philadelphia Conveni
nom I thank you for your cheering and encouraging
despatch. The Ilniarr of Providence is unerring, and
will nide you safely through. The poople mast bo
trusted and. the country will be restored. My faith is
unshaken as to tho ultimate anccaan.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
The committee cis resolutions and addrers was
then announced by the chairman and read by the
secretary. The names of Cowan, chairman of the
committee, Browning, Witham, and others, wore
loudly cheered,
Considerable time was consumed in completing
the list of the representatives a the different States
upon the committee, several of the vrest , rn States
and Territories not having reported to the secre
tary.
The committee roads as follows:
Honorable Edgar Cowan, or Pennsylvania, chairman.
R. 0. Rice, Maine. M. L. Bell, Arkansas,
G. M. Weston, Maine. Garrett Davis, Kentucky.
C. D. Bowers, N. H. F.. Heise, Kentucky.
H. Bingham, N. H. J. S. Ryan, Tennessee.
C. N. Damen, Vermont. J. Baxter, Tennessee.
C. H. Williams, Vermont. Sam'. Hinckle, Ohio.
D. N. Conch, Mass. S. W. McCook, Ohio.
Thomas Steer, R, I. ' J. S. Davis, Indiana.
W. B. Lawrence, R. I. T. A. Hendricks, Indiana.
0. S. Seymour, Conn. 0. 11 Browning, Illinois,
Dixon, Conn. S S. Marshall, Illinois.
(1..1. Raymond. N. Y. P. W. McCleary. Mich.
S. D. Chulk, N. Y. C. 11. Stewart, Michigan.
'Oen. Mott, New Jersey. C. B. Eldridge,' Wls.
Edger Cowan, Pa. .1. R. Steele, Wisconsin.
William Bigler. Pa. . Chas. Mason, lowa.
J. P. Cornea ya, Delaware. 'F. It. Benton, lowa.
A. Slickly Delaware. C. \V. Blaine, Kama,
R everdyJohnson, Md. W. A. Dallas, Kansas.
J. P. Chrlelleld, Md. ' G. G. M. Beebe, Nevada.
IC. II Parker, Virginia. G. W. Barnum, Nevada.
L. Meagher, Virginia. . R. J. Walksr, California.
Wm. A. Graham, N. O. Senator McDougal, Cal.
N. Boyden, N. G. G. B. Curry, Oregon.
B. S. Perry, S. , Richard Merrick, D. O.
McGowan, S. O. C. F. Powell, Idaho.
J. R. Wright, Georgia. H. W. Depugh, Idaho
B. W. Atexander, , Edward Randall, W. T.
William Marion, Florida. o.l'. Esty. New Mexico.
Gov. Call, Florida.
J. 0. Brookhead, Mo.
. . . . . . . . - . ... . .. .
G. C. Langd on, Alabama. A. A. King. Missouri.
John Day, Louisiana. H. M. Price. Minnesota
Murdock, Louisiana. L. Norton, Minnesota.
P. H. Epperson. Texas. A. J Fourke, Dakotah.
Wm. Ityers, Arkansas.
Geeeral Thomas B. Carroll, of Now York—l offer
the following resolution:
Resolved, That there is justly demanded a revision of
our riationaL neutrality laws in consonance with the
suirit of the age, the demands of commerce, and the pa.
Bitten of the Union, and it is the dug of Congress to
comply with the public demand for oh revision.
ThePresident—The resllution will bo referred to
the committee on resointinne.
Mr. Hayes, of Illinois-1 offer the folio wing reso
lution:
Resolved, That the committee on resolutions be au.
thorized and directed to report in print, and to• supply
each member of the convention with a copy of the reso
lutions resorted at the time of their presentation.
A. gentleman from New York—Do I understand
that the chairman will not report directly to tho
convention?
The resolutions wore again read.
Gentleman from Now York—Mr. President, I
was present when a resolution was adopted by
your convention, requiting all resolutions presented
to this convention to go to the committee on ruse-
Adria without debate.
Toe Chairman—According to the request of the
gentleman from New York, the xesolutlons will go
to the committee an resolutions under the rule al
ready adopted. [Cheers.]
Mr. Hang —I was in the convention when we
made that the stile of our action, and I wish to say
ono stogie word. I understand, air, the obieot of
tho order adopted by the convention to he that the
resolutions which may come up before this conven
tion shall go before the committee upon which they
have - bearing; that io, tho resolution fora platf -em
for this convention should ho thus submitted. Now,
sir, the resolution 1 propose is not a resolution of
principles, bat a resolution of action. It is a simple
direction to make a report in ouch a manner that
this convention may be folly aware of the resolu
tions before it before it acts upon them. Sir. I
came to this convention with a einoere pur
e-nee and with an humble purpose. I came
hero. sir. with no parotid obicat. to •attain, so far
as I know. so help me God. Sir, lam a member of
a party known 8P the. Democratic party of this
country. [Chews.] I crone here with the utmost
°atm:violin:ewe the great cause in which we are all
united. Sir. Ido not emcees Obi, convention to en
doree any resolu.ion taking any of my opinions np
in any point in which the Union party differed
from me. I only expect they wilt ray nothing t o
whiohl., as a Constitution and Union-lovit g Dem
ocrat, cannot honestly subscribe. I ka ow the sen
timents of the Democratic party of this country.
lam Proust to be a member of it. I believe that if
there ever was an enthusiastic party it le this
party.
Mr. Ellie Lewis. of Pormsylvania—Mr. Chair
man. I rise to a Point of order. Is there anything
before the chair? Tho chair decided that the reso
lution would go to the committee on resolutions.
No api eat has been taken Irons the decision of the
chair.
The Chair—There is teeny nothing before the
convention. The gentlemen, from Illinois rose to a
point of order.
Mr. Hayes, of Ilitriois—Sir, I only offer this reso
lution for tho guidance of the convention. I in
tend to throw no impediment in the way of the
orocee Democrat,he convention. 1 am
resolution
Union and do notwish any
presented which I cannot cordially endorse. I
am well acquainted with the spirit of the Demo
°ratio foram [Cries of quesooo, question.]
I s i m ply desire to say that I apprehend no obi eo
lion will be made to the resolution Ist committee,
or that nothing wilt be done by it that I cannot
heartily approve. [Applaural .
Mr. Pershing, of Pennsylvania—l move that when
the convention adjourns it be to meet tomorrow at
twelve o'clock.
Mr. Dailey, of Massachusetts—l move an amend
ment of ton o'clock, and do it because I desire this
convention to come to order early. There are a
number of gentlemen here who desire to return
tome as soon as ; it is possible, and I &tire ton
o'olook substituted that the convention can oom•
piece its bueineea to-morrow, [Great applause.]
The ten- o'clock motion wee agreed to.
A gentleman from Pennsylvania rose—l have a
memorial which I wish to present, and have it re
ferred to a committee without reading.
Chairman—This is a memorial from the Ken
tucky delegation in their behalf.
Colonel Itaboook — l. have a statement to make,
that the members are from Louisiana, Mississippi,
Missouri...told were born in New England. end with
the consent of thie convention. they can make that
addc nee benuttful in its expression, eloquent in its
appeal, Dill of the patriotism and glowing purpoee
which animate ns. Those have been road to es,
and by a unanimous vote I have been requested to
move that the address be made a part of the pro
ceedings of this convention. [Cries of good, good.]
The memorial was soot to the commute°.
Senator Cowen—The committee on resolutions
report orally that they have met and organized,
and will report tomorrow. They ask leave to sit
ag The ain,
convention thea toljornned until ten o'clock
this morning.
So ended tho'eocond day of the convention. The
briot but intornetloyseasion was as harmonious as
the opening day. Beforotho proceedings .opened
a man who had imbibed strong waters was oieotei
for it/boom; language, but tills was the only in
terruption to the convention. The presiding ofil•
oer, Senator Doolittle, ruled with rare dignity and
onenees. Perhaps no other man in the convention
could have Stied the immense wigwam with his
voice no did Mr. Doolittle. The clear. engine' tones
and were always correct. Sunset Cox for .)ears
the great parliamentarian of the lower house, is
opt more familiar wi:h the rulings of the congres
-915nal manual then is So: atm. D The ques
tions that were raised and the mottoes addressed
to the obair were decided with a precision and
rapidity that abridged the session at least ono.
third. Those who remember the centre: ambits f
John Covede, in the Radical convention that nom
inated the present Republi.an ticket in this State.
will ace the idea Wo desire to beds forth,
At the betels last evening the excitement was
Unabated. Too evening was oats of gratnlation at
• the almost strange hartnony that has charaoterized
every tuovemeat of the convention. It will p•oba
blY adjourn t)-dsy Tho general disorsition of the
members is averts ton protrawed session for speech
delivering. With the adoption of tae resolu
tions, the future platform of
. the Union Men of the
country, and the promulga!tort of tho address, the
deities of the Ws. will terminate. There aro snores
of gentlemen present in, the city who are reputed
orators of unequaled power. The whole of next
creek could be passed in the most eloquent and
prtfitable exhortation that ever addressed any
people. But the intention of the convention seems
advers e. The decisive vote on the motion to meet
this morning at an early hou-•indicates theme:.
Platen of all the business of the convoostion to
clay, and the final aiinuroment of a convention
which, for ability, dignity, une , imity nod senti
ment, and mete adieu!, buain,ss.like spirit, has
never been equaled by any body o , men who ever
sat together under the flag of the Union.
Thursday, August 16,
Tho third day of the convention was the
last. It was the most successful of the ses
sion, and in the limited compass of the few
hours it was in session, it shaped and guided
the future destiny of the nation to new pros
perity and unity.
The throng at the wigwam was immense•
The crowd that blocked Girard avenue an
hour before the convention was called to
order was so dense that the cars with diffi
culty passed and repassed the building. At
nine o'clock everything at the wigwam was
in perfect order. The policemen came to
the ground and formed in line slung the
front. The doors wore opened and ingress
given to the throng outside. The eastern
gallery was filled in ton minutes. A quer
ter of an hour later saw the entire galleries
crowded, end before ten all the delegates
were in their seats on the floor, and tho con
vention awaited the opening of the prodeed
lags. Tho delegations were social. By pre
vious arrangement, each delegation sat to
gether in n tier of. benches specially marked
out. On Tuesday and Wednesday each
delegation preserved its limits, Yesterday
they fraternized in the wigwam. In all parts
of the building the delegations were mingled
in friendly conversation. Georgia chatted
with Wisconsin, and Indiena and Missis
sippi calculated its advance the issue of the
great campaign that is opening before
the nation. When the convention was
rapped to silence the delegates were thor
oughly mingled in all parts of the wigwam.
The scene at ten o'clock was one whose
like was never before witnessed in this
country. The benches of the building boro
their human burden more thickly than Lake
Erie vines bear the clustered Catawbas.
Men, women, and .children filled the build
ing from the aisles of the amphitheatre, her
metically sealed, to the top tier of seats in.
the galleries. The crowd forced the inner
row of the upper gallery into the ladies'
circle, and a double file of policemen were
sent for to preserve the distinction between
the apartments. The galleries applauded
the entrance of Senator Doolittle. The wig
wam rang again with cheers when Senator
Cowan entered. One by one the convention
greeted the leaders of the new movement,
Reverdy Johnson receiving a hoerty round
of applause.
At ton the president stepped to the plat
form. Senator Cowan quietly seated him
self on the right, and Henry J. Raymond
on the left, when the convention came to
order. • Prayer was offered by Rev. Wil
liam Reed Snyder.
The Prayer.
0 Lord'God, Jehovah! King of kings! we adore Theo
as the first, the brightest, and the beet of beings. All
things vieible and invisible are Thy creation. Of old
dldot Thou lay the foundfitions of the earth; Thou
"Ueda the heavens with Thins imnionsityi how then
can we, creatures of the duet, come brsore Thy face?
To save the mass and the chiefs of sinners Thou Met
give the bleed of Thy only begotten Shin Thou hest
•changed the covenant from that of 'works to that of
grace. Oh, transcending mercy and grace, may we thus
learn this to be the eplrit of our Divine Lard and Mas
ter! We trust that in each a epirit this convention h - en
assembled. 'Then art the Author of that love of liberty
which ineplres our bents. We believe that Thou arc
especially our country's God. We have been arrayed
in a fearful conflict with each other—brother against
brother. The wails of the widen , and orphan have
come up before Thy throne, but at last the representa
tives of all sections have come up to meet each other and
reinangurate their former Union. We Invoke Thy sanc
tion to met upon the great work which we have in hand.
May this great people be rallied around t he Constitution
of our lathers, imperishable through all future genera.
dons; and to the Father, Sen. and Holy Ghost, we give
praise, now and forayer. Amen.
The convention, after the regular opening for
business, grow trubulently enthuslaetio. Mr. Doo
little kindled tho excitement into fever heat by
reading the following;
DENVER, C. T., Augustl6.—Returns from all parts of
the Territory render certain the election of A. C. Hunt,'
Administration candidate for delegate to Congress, over
Chlicott, Radical.
The convention hailed the announcement with
boisterous applause. Amid the contusion ReverdY
Johnson obtained the floor, and moved the adop
tion of the following resolution:
Resolved, That a committee be appointed of two from
each State, and one from each Territory, to watt upon
the President, and present him with an authentic copy
of the proceedinga of this convention.
Agreed to. •
Hon. Mr. Crowell, of Ikletv. Tenor —I move, Mr.
Chairman, tho adoption of tho following resolu
tion:
.
Ilea°Ivo& That a National Union eicerative com
mittee be FlPPOhlted, to be composed of two delegates
from each !Rate and Territory and the District of
Columbia.
d greed to.
Mr. Cowan, of Poonsylvania—.l present, Mr.
Chairman, the
Resolved, That the thanks of the convention bo ten
dered to Mayor bloMichaeL of Philadelphia, for hie er.-
cellent police arrangeinent 4 doting the nicotine of thin
convention.
•
Agreed to,
Mr. Knapp, of tho District of Columbia—l offer
the following resolution:
Resolved, Thet a committee of finance be appointed,
to conaist of two deleg Columbia each State and Terri.
tory and the District of.
Agreed to.
Mr. Cowen—On behalf of the oil:km(13,0o on reso
lutions and address.whoso labors, oolutnenoed early
Yesterday afternoon, were pretreated far into the
night. I announce the result of our deliberations.
I report. Mr. Chairman, the following resolutions
•
and address. The resolutions will be road by Air
Secretary Perrino. the address by Hon. Henry T.
Raymond. of Now York. •
DECLARRION OP PRINCIPLES.
The National Union convention now assembled to
the city of Philadelphia, composed of delegates from
every State and Territory in the Union, admonished by
the solemn lessons which, for the last eve years,,tt has
pleased the Supreme Ruler of the Universe to give the
American people; profonndly grateful for the return of
peaces desirous, as a large majority of their country.
men in all sincerity to forget and to Pereira the past,
revering the Constitution as it comes to us from our
forefathers t regarding the Union in its restoration as
more sacred than evert looking With anxiety to the
future as.of instant importance, hereby Issues and pro
claims the following declaration of principles and par-
Poses, en Which they have with Perfect wawa/J/11Y
agreed:
scribe theqVarcNiOti:Coir l 'rhta:lge t f i gnCEP;ihere-
In, which right Congrese cannot Interfere with. ' ll No State
or combination of States has the right to withdraw
from tne Union, or to exclude, through their action in
Coneross or otherwise, any other State or States from
the Union. The Union of these States la perpetual, anti
cannot be dissolved.
Sixth. Such amendments to the Constitution of the
United States may be, made by the people thereof as
they may deem expedient, bat only en -the mode
Pointed out by its provisions, and in proposing such
amendment, whether by Congress or by a =Wen-
Hon, and in ratifying the same, all the States of the
Union have an equal and indefeasible right to a voice
and a vote thereon.
Seventh. Slavery is abolished, forever prohibited,
and there is neither desire nor purpose on the part of
the southern States that it should ever bo rpestab
ltshed npOn the soil or within the jurisdiction of the
United States; and the enfranchised slaves in all the
States of the Unionshould receive, in rummer; with ail
their inhabitants, equal protection in every right of
Parson and property. •
Eighth. While we regard as utterly Invalid and never
to be assumed or made of binding force, any obligation
incurred or undertaken in making war against the
Un ted States, we hold the debt of the nation to be sa
cred and inviolable, and we .proclaim our purpose in
diechaigivic this duty, as int performing all other na
tional obligations, to maintain, unimpaired and ;mini
peached, the honor and faith of the renablic.
Ninth. It is the duty of the national government to
recognize the services of the Federal soldiers and sail
ors in the contest just closed, by meeting promptly and
fully all theirinst and rightful claims for services they
have rendered the nation, and by extending to those of
them who have survived, and to the widows and or
phans of those ;who fell, the most generous and con
siderate care.
Tenth. In Andrew Johnson, President' of the United
States, who in hie great othce has proved steadfast to the
Constitution and We laws, and the interest of his coun
try; unmoved by persecution and undeserved reproach;
baying faith unassailable In the people, and in their
principles of free government, we recognize a chief
magistrate who is worthy of the nation and equal to
the great crisis upon which his lot in cast, and we ten
der to him, in the discharge of his high and responsible
duties, our profound respect and the assurances of oar
cordial and sincere support.
The secretary read the resolutions with hearty
emphasis. The first few sentences were recited
amid a general stir at the lower end of the build
ing that rendered the words inaudible. A rap of
the president's gavel restored order. Then, amid
breathless silence, the second reaolution was road.
The scene grew again animated. Delegations rose
as if by instinct, and hailed the declaration. Cheer
upon cheer filled tho theatre, about neon shout
rolled up from the immense assemblage. 'The en
thusiastic) nature of the southern oharaoter found
vent in n volume of cheers that reeked the wigwam
like the rushing of a wind. The second, third, and
fourth resolutions wore road amid breathless atten
tion. When the fourth was oonoluded. the
convention by a common instinct rose. The
galleries followed until all in the hones
stood, shouting in honor of tlio• sentiment read by
the secretary. The turbulence lasted folly • five
minutes. It subsided only to break forth afresh in
another part of the building, and the waves of ap
plause rolled like a flesh alor g the entire floor.
When the excitement abated the fifth, sixth and
eighth resolu ions wet° ei von. Tho eighth resolution
pledging the support of the con'iontion to the pay
ment of the national debt, was heartily cheered,
The ninth resolution, a resolution that reflected
honor upon the head and heart. of the men who
drafted it, was received with tumultuous ..htts rib g.
and then the tenth -sag rood. Is wen only given by
piecemeal. Sentence by eentones. as it was read,
it elicited the wildest enthusiasm. The first wards,
"In Andrew Johnson, President of the United
States." lifted th 3 entire assemblage to their .
feet. Young 'anti old, with uncovered heads ,
saluted the name of the great, statesman
who has carried in the hollow of his hand for
twelve months of Unparalleled dissension the liber
ties of his country. fiats waved. handkerchiefs
flourished, canes gyrated, and the whole audience
hailed the honored:name. Phrase by phrase, as
the resolution was read, it was heartily applauded,
And when the secretary read the closing eentenee,
" we recognize a chief magistrate who is worthy of
the nation, add equal to the great crisis upon which
hie lot Is east, and wo tender to him, in the din
charge of his high and reeponsible duties, our pro
found respect, and the aesuranee of our cordial and
sincere support," the assemblage rote again, and a
united assent attested tho hearty concurrence of
all present with the spirit of the rep Antlers.
Hen ator .Cawan moved their • ntire adoption.
The char put the motion: "All who are in favor
of the Ts:potations, see read, will answer in the
affirmative."
The answer was gives. Such a storm of "ayes"
never before one veered any queetion. The oonven
tion voted as a unit. When the negative was called
for no one responded.
Mr. Raymond called the attention of the stare_
tars to the fact that,the seventh resolution had been
• omitted. The slip of paper on which the resolution
was written bad, unnoticed by that gentleman,
fallen to the floor. It was ilk ease submitted and
endorsed as enthus'as'isally as its associate deela
retiring
Mr. Raymond then came forward, amid another
outburst of applause, and read the admirable ad
dress which follows. The first paragraph was loud
ly cheered. Mr. Doolittle then requested the con
vention not to applaud but listen, to wait until the
entire address was concluded. Tho convention
complied until near the close of the address, when
Mr, Raymond, throwing a docibla emPheeis into his
clear and distinct voice, read the paragraph in the
mill to the people of the country.
We call upon you, in every congressional district of
every State, to secure the election of members who,
whatever other differences may characterize their po
litical-action, will unite in recognizing the right of ever's ,
State of the Union to representatives in Congress. and
Whet will admit to teats In either branch every loyal
repreaentative from every State in allegiance to the
government who may be forted by each house, in the
exercise of the power conferred anon it by the Constitu
tion, to have been duly elected, returned, and qualified
for a seat therein.
Then the excitement burst all restraint. It knew
no control. The whole convention rose and the
wildest enthusiasm followed..
Even greater was the ontbutet that followed that
glorious sentiment: "No people has over yet ex
isted whose loyalty and faith such treatment long
continued would not impair, and the ton millions
of Americans who live in the South would bo un
worthy citizens of a Iron country. degenerate eons
of a hereto eneestrY, and unfit over to beeeine the
guardians of the rights and liberties bequeathed to
us by the fathers and founders of this re-'
Public, if they would accept with uneem•
Pleb:deg submissiveness the humiliation thee
sought to bo imposed neon them." The shouts
that greeted this were do .fening, rolling in
unbroken volume from the amphitheatre to the
very roof-trece of the building, and the throng mit
red% without knowing why they should, caught TIP
the enthusiastic rejoicing and prolonged it along
Girard avenue a Egnaro On either side. Mon tpmeb .
Blair moved that the clause be read agen. The
motion wan assented to without opposition, and
Mr. Raymond again recited the eloquent sentences,
and the applause broke forth afresh. When It sub
sided the address was concluded, and it Wes voted
On by the convention. Its adoption was unani
mous: as heartily, enthusiastically, and triumph•
nutty so as the resolution had been approved.
The address is as follows:
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES.
Having met in convention, at the city of Philadel
.phla, in the State of Pennsylvania, this 16th day of
August, 1866, as the representatives of the people ot all
sections, and all the States and Territories of the Union,
to consult upon the condition and the wants of our
common country, we address to yen this declaration of
ott, principles, and df the pblitical purposes we seek to
promote.
Since the meeting of the last national convention, in
the year 1860, events have occurred which have
changed the character of onr internal politics and
given the United States a new place among the
nations MY the earth. Our government has passed
through the vicissitudes and the perils of civil
war—a war which, though mainly sectional in its char
acter, has nevertheless decided political differences that
from the very beginning of the government had threat
ened the unity of our national existence, and has left
tie impress; deep and inetiaceable upon all the interests,
, the sentiments, and the destiny of the republic
' While it has inflicted upon the whdle' country revere
losses in life and In property, and has imposed burdens
which must weigh on ltd resvurces for generations to
come; it has developed a degree of national courage in
the presence of national dangers, a capacity for mili
tary organization and achievement, and a devotion on
the part of the people la the form of government which
they have obtained, and to the principles of liberty
which that governmentwas designed to promote, which
moot coatirm the confidence of' the natlinvin the perms
tufty of its frepnblican institutions, and command the
respect of the civilized world.
Like all great mintage which rouse the passions and
teat the endurance of nations, this war has Offen new
scope to the limb( ion of Pbliffical parties, and flesh Ira-
Pulse to plane of innovation and reform. Amidst .ther
chaos of conflicting - sentiments inseparable from ouc h
an era, 'while the public heart is keenly alive to all the
Paseions that ca. sway the public Judgment and affect
the public action; while the wounds of war aro still
fresh and bleeding on either side, and fears for the fn
tore take unjust proportions from memories and ra•
sentments of the past, it lea difficult but an imperative
duty which on your behalf we, who are here as
sembled, have undertaken to perform.
For the first time after six lougflyears of alienation
and of conflict, we have oome together from every
State rand every section of our land, as citizens of a
common country, under that gag, the symbol again of
a common glory, to consult together how best to cement
and perpetuate that Union which Is again the object of
our common love, and thus secure the bleseings of
liberty to ourselves and our posterity.
In the first place we invoice Yon to remember, always
and everywhere, that the war is ended and the nation
is again at peace. The shock of contending arms no
longer assails the shuddering heart of the republlo. The
insurrection against the supreme authority of the na
tion has been euppreeeed, and that authority has been
again acknowledged, by word, and act, in every State
and by every citizen within imjarlsdiction. We are no
longer vent:tired or permitted to regard or treat each.
other as enemies. Not only have the acts of war been
discontinued and the weapons of war laid aside, but the
state of war no longer exists, and the eactlments. the
Passions, the relations of war have no longer lawful or
rightful place anywhere throughout one broad domain.
We are again people of the United States, fellow
citizens of one country, bound by the duties and obliga
tions of a common patriotism, and having neither rights
nor interests apart from a common destiny. The duties.
that devolve upon its now are again the duties of peace,
and no longer the duties of war. We have assembled
here to take counsel concerning the .interests of peace—
to decide how we may, moat wisely and effectually heal
the wounds the war hue made, and perfect and perpet
uate the benefits it hart secured, and toe blessings which,
under a wise aed benign •ProVidence, have sprung nit
in Ito fiery track. 'Phis fa thuwork, not of pass.on, but'
of calm and soberiudgmentt not of resentment for past,
offenses, prolonged beyond the limits 'whit:nineties and
reason prescribe, but of a liberal statesmanship, Which
tolerates what it cannot prevent, and builds its plans
and its hopes for the future rather upon °community of
interest and ambition than upon distrust and the weap
ons of force.
In the next placeove call noon you to recognize in
their full eignifleance, and to. accept with all their lei
gitimate consequences, the political results of the war
just closed. In two most important particulars the vic
tory achieved by the national government has been'
final and decisive. First, it has established beyond all`
further controversy, and by the highest or all human.
sanctions, the absolute supremacy of the national gov
ermnent, as defined and limited by the Constitution of
the United States, and the permanent integrity and in
dissolubility of the Federal Union as a necessary con
sequence; and, second, it has put an end finally and.
forever to the existence of slavery upon the soil Or
within theinrlsdiction of the United States. Both those'
Points became directly involved in the contest, and •
controveray noon bosh was ended absolutely and
finally by the result.
la the third place,we deem it of the utmost import •
once that the real character of the war and the victory
by which it was closed should be accurately under-
stood. The war was carried On by the government of
the United States in Maintenance. of its own authority
and in defense of its own existence, both of which
were menaced by the insurrection which it sought to
suppress The suppression of that insurrection accem
plished that result. The government supremeh Uted
States maintained by force of arms the au
thority over all the territory and over all the States
and people within its jurisdiction - which the Con
stitution confers 'upon it; but it acquired thereby I
no new power, no enlarged jurisdiction, no rights
either of territorial possession or of civil authority,
which it did not possess before the rebellion' broke
out. All the rightful power It can ever Possess in
that which is conferred upon it, either:in express
terms or by fair and necessary implitatiore by the
Constitution of the United States. It 'wee that power
and that authority whith the rebellion sought to over
throw. and the victory of theFederalarms was dumb'
the defeat of that attempt. The_ government or the
United States acted throughout the war on thedefen
sive.. It sought only • to hold possession of what was
already its own. Neither the war, nor the victory'Y by
which it was closed, changed in any way the Constitu
tion of the 'United States. The war was carried on by
virtue of its provisions, - and-under . the"limitations
which they prescribe, and the result of the war did not
either enlarge, abridge, or in any way change or affect
the powers It confers upon the Federal government, or
release that government from the restrictions it has
imposed.
The constitution of the United States is to-day, pre
cisely as it was before the war, the" supreme law of
the land, anything in the constitution or laws of any
Slate to the contrary , notwithstanding;" and to-day,
also, Precisely as before the war, all the Powers not
conferred by the Constitution upon the general gins
ernment, not prohibited by It to -the Staten, are "re
served to the several Staten, or to the people thereof."'
. This position is vindicated not only by the essential
nature of our government, and the language and Spirit
of the Constitution, bat by all the acts and„thet,tan
guage of our government, in all Its departments, and at
all times from the outbreak- of the rebellion Wits - final
overthrow. In every message andproclamation of the
executive It was explicitly declared that the sole ob
ject and purpose of the war was to maintain the author
ity of the Constitution and M preserve the integrity of
the Unions and Congress more than once reiterated this
dolemn declaration, and added the assurance that,
whenever this object should be attained,- the war
should came, and all the States should retain their equal
rights and dignity unimpaired. It is onlytitnee the war
was closed that other rights have been asserted on be
half of one department of the general government. It
has been proclaimed by Congress that, in addition to
the powers conferred upon it by the Constitution, the
Federal government may new claim over the States. the
territory and the people involved in the insurrec
tion the rights of war , the right of ernsartest 'and of
confiscation, the right to abrogate all existing govern
ments, institutions and laws, and to subject the testi
tory. conquered and its inhabitants to such laws, regu
lations and deprivations as the legislative denartmenta
of the government may see fit to impose. Under this
broad and sweeping claim, that clause of the Constitu
tion which provides that "no State shall without its
consent be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate
of the United States" hail been annulled, and ten States
have been refused, and are still refused. representation
altogether in both branches of the Federal' Congress.
And the Congress in which onlya part of the States and
of the people of the Union are represented has asserted
the right thus to exclude the rest from representation,
and from all share in making their own lases or chem.
Mg their own rulers, until they shall &imply with such
conditions and perform such acts as this Congress thus
composed may itself Prescribe. - That right hue not uI:LIY
been asserted but it has been exercised, and is
practically enforced at the present time. Nor does
it find any support in the theory that the. States
thus excluded are in rebellion against the government,
and are therefore precluded from sharing its authority.
They are not thus in rebellion. They are one and all
• in an attitude of loyalty towards the government, and
of sworn allegiance to the Constitution of •tne United,
States. In no one of them is there the slightest indica
tion of resistance to this authority, or the slightest pro
test against its just and binding ohlivation. This con
dition of renewed loyalty has been officially recognised;
by solemn proclamation of the executive department.
The laws of the United States have been extended by:
Congress over all Mese States and the people thereof.
Federal courts have been reopened, and Federal taxes •
impoeed and levied,-and in•every respect, except that;
they are denied- repreeentation- In- Congress and the'
electoral college, the States once in rebellion are recog
nized as holding the mime position, as owing the same:
obligations, and subject to the same duties as the other
States of our common Union. • ;
It seems to ns, in the exercise of the calmest and;
most candid j udgment we can bring to the 'subject, that;
such a claim, so enforced, involves as fatal an over-:
thrower the authority of the Constitution, and as com-;
plots a destruction of the government and Union, as
that which was sought to be effected by the States and'
people in armed insurrection against them both, It
cannot escape observation that the -power tins as
serted to exclude certain States from representation is
made to rest wholly in the will' and discretion of the
Congress that asserts It. It is not made to depend upon
any specified conditions or circumstances, nor to be
eubiect to any rules or regulations whatever, Thee
right asserted and expressed is absolute, with.:
out qualification or restriction. not Confined to - States
in rebellion, nor to States that, have rebelledf
it is the right of any • Congress, in formali•pos,
session of legislative authority, .to exclude... any,
State or States, and any portion of the 'pert.
Congressof, at any time, from representation in
anti in the electoral college,' at its own
discretion, and until they shall 'perform such
acts and comply with. such conditions as it may
dictate. Obviously, - the reasons for such exclusion.
being wholly within the discretion of. Congress, may
change as the Congress itself shall change. 'One Con
gress may exclude a State from 'all share in the gov
ernment for one reason, and, that reason removed the
next Congress may exclude it for another.: One State
may be excluded on one ground to-day, and another
may bo excluded on the opposite ground to-morrow;
Not thorn asce adancy may exclude southern States from:
one Congress; the ascendancy of western or of southern
irderestsor of boat combine, may exclude the north. ,
ern or the eastern States from tile next. Improbable as
snob usurpations may , seem, the establishment of the
Principle now asserted and acted upon by Congress
will render them by no means impossible. The char,
actor, indeed the very existence of Congress and the
Union is thus made dependent solely and entirely sre , l3
the party and sectional exigencies orforbearanee of the
hour. •
We need not stop to (show that each an action not
only finds no warrant In the Constitution, but is at war
with every principle of oar government, and with• the
very existence of free Methadone. It Is, indeed, the
identical practice which has rendered fruitless all at
tempts hitherto to establish and maintain free govern
ments in Mexico . and the States of South America.
Fatty necessities assert themselves as superior to the
fundamental-law, which is let aside in reckless:obedi
ence to their behests. Stability, 'whether in the exer
cise of power, in the administration of government, or
in the enjoyment of lights, becomes impossible; and the
conflicts of party, which, under constitutional govern ,
meats, are the conditions and means of political Prog
ress, are merged in the conflicts of arms to which, they
directly and inevitably tend.
It was against tole peril, so conspicuous and ne fatal to
all free governmentsohat our Constitution was in;
tended especially to provide. Not only the stability
but the very existence of the government is made by its
Provisions to do rend upon the right and the fact or rep
resentation. - The Congress, upon which is conferred all
the legislative patver of the national government, con
sists of two branches, the Senate and. Rouse of Repre
sentatives, whosejoint concurrence or assent is essen
tial to the validity of any law. Of these the House of
Representatives, says the Constitution "(article 1, sec ,
non 2), 'shall be composed of members chosen every
Eocene year by , the people of the several States." wet
only is the right or representation thus recognized as
Posseesed by all the States conditionry State without
restriction, qualification, orof any kind, but
the duty of choosing representatives is imposed upon
the people of each and every State alike, without dis
tinction, or the authority to make distinctions among
them, for any reason or upon any grounds •whatever.
And In the Senate, so careful is the if oast:Button to se
cure to every State this right of representation, it is ex-
Pressly provided that "no State shall, without its con
sent, be deprived of its equal suffrage" In that body,
even by an amendment of the Constitution 'melt
When, therefore, any State is excluded from each rep
resentation, not only Is a right of the State denied , but
the constitutional integrity of the Senate is impaired,
and the validity of the government itself is brought In
question. lint Congress at the present mordent thus
excludee from representation. in both branches of Con
gress, ten States of the Union, denying them all share
in the enactment of laws by which they are to be gov
erned, and all participation 1n the election of the rulers
by whom those laws are to be °proceed; In ether words,
a Congress in which only twenty-slx States are rep: e
gelded asserts the right to govern. absolutely and in its
own discretion, all the thirty-six States which compose
the Union—to make their laws and choose their rulers,
and to exclude the other ten from all share in their own
iovernmentnntil it sees tit to admit them thereto. What
s there to distinguish the power thus asserted scot ex
ercised from the most absolute and intolerable tyranny?
Dior du these extravagant and
claimsonthe
part of Coogress to powers and auto .rity nor sYcon
(erred upon the government by the Cons- Cumin :find
any warrant in the arguments or egontieSorgea on their
behalf. Is Is a'teged,
Pint. That these S:atos, by the act of yeheillen and
by vol u ntarily withe rowing their members from Con
gress, forfoitou the r rigid of rrpreeentet teti. and that
they can only ree-iro it again at tit, n aid Su
preme icalsieti, •Itti.erhy ; the ;toy, meant, on Its
own toms a n d at Its It I -I,,sentation
in Luenrw, no,. psi ocip,i,ti ta.,o4t were
simply owtr., red nvd hell by layer,' this
statement might have tho murtt of plausibility. But
representation is under the Constitution not only ex
pressly recognized as a right, but it is - imPOlied an a
duty; and it 4ei
emerald in bOth aspects to the existence
of.tnettover to the maintenance of its au
thority In f
d ental and essene '
Mal rights can
due o g rm eaentll° ° p i :against individ- •
nal ' by forfeited, t except
constitutional
&WWI and on 85 . o law; nor
enjoyment of ri).2
the failure to claii&maY be tors time a suspended,ll by
one be discarded or laid aside. Th y e
the refusal to pert°. and
o tnem duties The willidy be
rawal of their
members from Co
Was among their acts of War
rection—was one of it
the general
Means and agencies by welch
gooor 6e , s by . the States which resisted
they sought to impair tla theta and defeatthe action
of the government- a
'
rendered void whenthat act was .annulled and
, .
suppressed. Neither right of .representation •
nor the duty to be re
metwrection- itself was
t d was in the least
impaired by the fact of int
seated
but it may have
been that by reason of the':
aOrrection the conditions
on which the enjoyment oi
ance of that duty for the t I depended' conld not be
t right and tilt perform
fulfilled. This was, in factire case. An, insurgent
power, in the exercise of utsned and unlawful au
thority in the territory under it.ontrol.had prohibited
that allegiance to the Conti
Patted States which is made bY het tundamental law
t '-ien and laws Of the
the essential condition of represatation in its govern
ment. No man within the insn om t states was al
lowed to take the oath to suPPertske Constitution of
the United States, and. as a neeeStey consequence, no
man could lawfully represent those tales in the cone
cite of the Union. Bat thin was onlv u obstacle to the
enjoyment of the right and to the d
it did not annul the one nor abrogate t 5 o ther, and S
a‘arge of a dutl—
ceasrd to exist when the usurpation Si which it WS
created had been overthrown and the titter bad again
resumed their allegiance to the Constltu• o n and laws
of the United States. • •
Second. That it is asserted, in support of to authority
claimed by the Congress tow in possessio. of power,
that it Rowe directly from the laws of wartgat it is
among the rights Which victorious war aIW confer
upon the conquerors, and which the commerommy ex
ercise or waive in hie own dieeretion. To this rarely
that the laws in question relate solely, so fa , as the
rights they confer are Poncerned, to wars Prated be
tween alien and independent nations, and can hive no
place or force, in t his .egardi in a war waged by 'gov
ernment to suppress an inserrection of its own Parole,
upon its own soil, against its authority. Uwe had ter.
nod on Succeesful war against any foreign dation.'ye
might thereby lave acquired possession and jetisdh.
tlon of their soli, with the right to. enforce 'oar law;
upon their people and to impose upon them such law!,
and each obligations as . we might choose: - • Bat we had
before the Warcompletejnrisdlcttort over the soil of the
southern States, limited only by our own Constitution.
Oar laws were the only national laws in force ripen it..
'I he government of the United States was the only gov- .
ernment tin oughwhich these Staies and theirpeople had
relations with foreign' nations, and its flag was the
only flag by - which they. were recognized or known
anywhere en the face of the earth. In all these re
spects,' and in ell 0: her respects involving national in
terests and Mghts,e at possession was perfecated corn-
Plete. It did not' need to be acquired, bat only to be
maintained( and victorious war against the rebellion
could do nothing more than maintain it. •It could only
vindicate and re-establish the disputed supremacy of
the Constitution. It • could neither enlarge nor dimin
ish the authority which that Constitution centers upon
the government by white it was achieved. Such an
enlargement or abridgement of constitutional powet
den be effected only by amendment of the Constitution
Itself: and such - amendment can be made only in the
modes which the Constitution 'Mali prescribes. Th 6
cutim that the stigrueselen of an insurrection against
the governMsnt gives additional authority and power
to that government, especially that it enlarges thug-
Mediction of Congress and gives thatbodY the right to
exclude States from representation lathe nationalcoug
oils, without which the nation itself can have no alt
thorny and no existence, seems to no at variance alike%
with the principles of the Constitution and with the
Public safety.
Third. But it isalleged that In certain particulars the
Constitution Of the United States fells to secure that
absolute jtistico and impartial • equality which the
principles of our government require; that It was In
these respects the result of compromises and coma-
stone to which, however necessary when the Constitu
tion was formed, we are no longer compelled to sub.
mit, and that now, having the power through success.
fat war and lost warrant (or its exercise in the hostile •
conduct of the insurgent section,. the actual govern
meat of the United States may itoPOSO lie own condi
tions, and make the Constitution conform in all its pro-
Visions to Its own Ideas of equality and the rights of
man. Congress at Ito last session proposed amend
,mente to the Constitution, enlarging in some very la, -,
Portant particulars the authority of the general goy-
enment over that of the several States, and reducing,
by direct disfranchisement, the representative power .
of the States in which slavery formerly existed; and it
is claimed that these amendment a may be made valid
as parts of the original Constitution without the con
currence of the States to bo most tierionely affected by
there, or may be imposed upon those States by three.
fourths of the remaining States, as conditions of their
readmiattion to representation in Congress and in the
electoral college.
Meth(' unquestionable right of the People of the United
Sales to make inch annals in - the Constitution • tie
they, noon due deliberation. may deem expedient. Bat
'we insist that they shall be made in the mode which
the Constitution itself points out — in conformity with
the letter and the spirit of that instrument. and with
the principles. of self-government and of equal rights
which lie at 'the basis •of our republican institutions.
We deny the right of Congress to make theee changes'
in the fandamental law without the concurrence of
three-fourths of all the . States, including especially
. those to be most eerimusly affected by them, or to im
pose them upon States or people, as conditions of re-
Presentation, or of admission to any of the rights, du
ties sr obligations which belong under the Constitn
tbin to all:the States-alike. And with..atill greater
emphasis., do we, deny the right of any portion .of
the States,`excluding - the rest of -the States from
any share in their conacile, to propoek dr sanction
changes In the Constitution which are to affect per
manently their political relations and control Or
maireol the, legitimate -action -of the. several • Meth
bora Of Ake common' Union, • Sach.tan exercise 'of
power is simply a cusarpationt ittet-as unwarrantable
when exercised northern States mit would be if ex
' ereised by southern, and not to ba fortified or palliated
by anything in the past history eitherotthose by whom
It is attempted or of those upon whose rights and libel.-
- ties it 10 to take effect. It finds no warrant in the Con
stitution. It feat war with the fundamental principles
'of .our government. If tolerated in ono instance, it be
comes the precedent for future invasions of liberty and
constitutionalligh; dependent solely upon the will of
the party in possession of power, and thne leads, by di
rect sequence, to the xnat fatal and intolerable of all
tyrannies—the tyranny of shifting and irresponsible pa
liticalfectione,slt is amitinat this, the moat formidable
of all the dangers which menace the stability, of free
government, that the Constitati provide. United States
was intended most carefully to We demand
a alrictandeafeadfaet „adherence to At, provisions. In
thie,.and in this alone. caztawe find: a hash; ofperma
neat union and peace.
Fourth. But it is alleged, in justification of the morn.
ation which we condemn, that the condition of the
southern. States and people Is, not finch as renders safe
their readmission toe share in , the goternment of the
country, that they are still disloyal in sentiment and
purpose, and thatneitherthe honor, the credit, nor the
Diaeresis of the nation would Be safe if they were read
mitted to a share in its councils,
.We might reply to
this,
1. That we have as right, for such reasons, to deny to
any portion of the States or people rights expreselycon
' (erred upon them by the Constitution of the United
States.
2,That so long as their acts are these of loyalty, so
long ,a -they conforricleall their public to, the
'requirements of 'the Constitutton and laws we have no
! right to exact from them conformity in their sentiments
and opinions to our own.
3. That we have no right to distrust the purpose or the
ability of the people of the Union to plaited and defend.
'wider 'all •contingeniloa and by whatever means may
• be required. its honor and its welfare.
Tneee would, in onrjedirinent, be fall and =du
: sive answers to the plea thus advanced for the wick
' sion'of these States from the Union. But we say far
that. that this plea rests Triton a complete misapprehen-
Mon or an unjust perversion. of existing facts.
. We
donut he•itate to affirm that there 'is no sectionof the conntry where the uonstitution and laws of the
United States fled a more prompt and entire obedience
than in those States and among those pedalo who
were lately in arms ag.inst them, or where there la
• less pui.pose or danger of• any (Mare attempt. to over
their authoricy. It would seem to be both natu
ral and Inevitable that, in States and sections so re
cently swept by the whirlwind of war, where all the
ordinary modes and
. methods of organized industry
have been ; broken . up, and. the bonds and influences
that ...guarantee' sedan:order Mave ,been destroyed=
where thousands and tens of thousands of Anita
lent spirits have been suddenly loosed from the ,die
cipline of war, and thrown without resources or
,restraint upon , a disorganized and chaotic society,
And where the keen-sense of. defeat L . lB added to - the
overthrow of ambition and hope, scenes of violence
should defy fora time. the Imperfect discipline of laws
and excite anew theeam end forebodings of the patri
otic and well disposed. It'is unquestionably true that
local disturbances of this - kina, accompanied by more
or less of violenee, do still occur. But they are con
lined entirely' in; the cities and largertto ens of the
southern States, where different races and interests are
brought most closely. in contact, end where missions
and rasentmenis are always most easilyfed and fanned
into outbreak; and even there they are quite as much
the fault of untimety and hurtful political agitation as
of any hostility on the part of 'the people to the autho
rity of the national government.
But the concarrenttestimony of those best acquaint
ed with the condulon of BOOMS , and the state 01 public
sentinunt in. the Sonth—including that of its represen
tatives in this convention--esteblishes the fact that the
great mass of the southern people accept, with as fall
and sincere submission as do the people of the other
'Matas, - the re.established supremacy of. the national
authority, and are prepared, In the most loyal spirit,
and with a zeal- quickened alike by their Interest and
their pride, to co-operate with otter Scales and sections
in whatever may be necessary to defend the rights,
maintain the honor, and - prom• de the welfare of
our. COMMOII country. History affords no instance
Where ; people public tterful in numbers,
long re eohrcee, and in -spirit; after a ware so in
its duration. so destructive in its progress,. and so ad
verse In its issue,. have accepted...defeat and its
coneequences with so much of good faith as has
marked thecondnet or the people lately in insurreetion
against the United States...Beyend all questionthis has
„ been largely due to the - wise ,generosity with which
their enforced surrender was accented by the President
of the United States - and' the generals in immediate
command:of theix armies, and; to the liberal measures
which were afterwards taken to restore order, tranquil.
tt y and la* to- the- States where all had for the time
been overthrown. No steps could Intim been better
calculated to command the respect, Win the confidence.
revive the • patriotism, and secure the permanent and
affectionate allegiance of the people of the South to
the Constitution and laws or the. Union than those
which have been so firmly taken and so steadfastly
Pursued • by the President of the United States.
And .if that confidence and loyalty have been
st.ce • impaired, • if the • people of. the South are
to-day less cordial in their allegiance than they were
immediately upon the close of the war, we believe ills
due to the changed tone otthe legislative department
of the general government towards them; to the action
by which °engross haa endeavored to supplant and de
feat the President's wise and beneficent policy of re;
Aeration; to their excitation from all participation in our
common government; to the withdrawal from them of
rights conferred and - guaranteed by the Constitution.
and to the evident purpose of Congress in the esters
cies of a usurped and unlawful authority, to reduce
them from the rank of free and equal members of m re-
Public of States, with rigbta and dignities unimpaired,
to the condition of conquered provinces and a inti
m: rwe
will
of [heir opl conquerors: Ra I thgaasubordinate and subject to '
fees only to obey laws In
making which they are not allowed to share.. •
No, people has ever yet existed Whose loyalty and
faith' snots treatment long continued would not alien
ate and impair.' And the ten millions of Americana who
live in the South would be unworthy silicone of a free
country, degenerate sone of an heroic ancestry, unfit
ever to become guardians of the rights and liberties
bequethed tons by the -fathers and founders• of this re
public.
If they could accept, with uncomplaining sub
missiveness, the humiliations. thus sought to be im
posed upon them.. Resentment of injustice ]the ways
and everywhere esaential. to- freedom; and spirit
which Promote the States and people lately in insurrec
tion; but insurgent now- no longer,- to protest against
the - imposition. unjust and. degrading conditions,
makes them all the more -worthy to share in the got
eminent of; a free - commonwealth, and ftives still '
firmer aesurance of the future power and freedom of
the republic. For whatever responsibility- the Bootle
eAt people may have, incurred in restating . the au
thority of tuo national government sea in taking
up arms for its overthrow: they may bo held to
answer, as individuals, before the judfaal tribunhis
of the Wed, and for thatcoadact as societies 'end
organized communities, they have alreadyjeuid
the moat fearful panaktea that can fat on offend -
iug Steed la the losses,lhe tnning. and humi
'inflects of unsuccessful war. Btu wi,nover may
be the guilt or the panishment of the conscious authors
of the IneurrectiOn, under and ftslinlliniusticirdentand