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Ely Cobt.
HIIII'TING1)011, PA.
Friday, Ntober 17, 1862.
•.
0 0:0 0
E
•Wo Lace not-the -time nor the
incli
nation; to dub personally, a large num
ber of pergOni who - have .unsettled ac
,countsnpon ourboiiks of several years
standing. We shall, therefore, from
day to day, without respect to persons,
place into - ThOpin(l4 of : n. Justice for
collection;` Itegortnts' :of over
years standing. , 411, - those . Who wish
. to save e4ense,, - Willi do - well'io give
,us a call • •: •
§ . l k
A I,:k _C T-IfR E
On the Crisis ,of the Nation,'
pr.,LayEttxp , By
JOHN "G, XILES I
:Before the Citizens '.of 4tintingdon,
ON SATU'RDAY', OCT: 4, 1862.
==Zl
ECO!NiqNur.n.)
THE 'EVIDENCE OP TIIR CONSPIRACY
Mr. Calhoun was .the leading spirit,
an it, and the ma - stet-mind employed,
in the intention of means through
which regular'hpfrOm.die's• to the, de
sired end wereto be made.. le was a
:South Carolinian, who, hard been edu
mated in all the feelings and opinions
characterized the people of that
i
crestless little State. In revolutionary' ,
?times they manifested a strong Was in
„favor of aristocratic institutions and
principles. Even since the organiza
a ion of the Confederate Government,
Bin Yancey, as its commissioner, in his
overtures to the authorities in England
tendered an alliance with the British
Government. Four' years after the
Declaration of, Independence,
to wit,
on the sth June, 1780, two hundred
gold ten -of-the principal inhabitants of
the city of il. - "harleston presented a pe
tition to the British authorities headed ,
and containing amongst other things'
the following:
"To theitEkeellencies, Sir Ilenry
Clinton, Knight of jhe Math ' General
of his litjesty's forces, and Mariot Ar
buthnot, Esq.,-Vice Admiral of the ,
Blue, his Majesty's Commissioners to
restore peace and good government in
It he several colonies io rebellion in
:North America
" The humble address - of divers in
habitants of Charleston :—The-inhabi
tants of Charleston,- by the articles of
; capitulation, are declared prisoners of
war on parole ; but we, the underwrit
ten, having every inducement to re
:turn to ,our, allegiance, and ardently
)moping 'speedily- to _ lie re-admitted ,to
the character and condition_ of British
.subjects take this opportunity of ten
dering to your excellencies our warm,
.est congratulations on the restoration
.of this capital and province to their po
litical connection with - the : crown and
government of tireat Britain ; an event
which will add' lustre_ tO - Yoti,r Exeel
lenciebt characte,s, an:WO trust enti
tle you Wthe . iriosedistinguished mark
of the royal favor: . Although the right
of taxing America imParliament.exci
ted considerable‘ferment in_the.mindsl
of .thove:Oplo•of this -province, yet it
play, with a - religious' adherence to'
.truth, be affireled _that'-they did not
entertain the' tite,4k distant thought of
dissolving the union,-that';so happily
subsisted botWeert:them and their-pa
rent country pand, when, in the 'yrog- . .
revs of that fatal ContrOversy, the doc
trine of independeney i (which,originated
in the more HertAera cote/des) made its
,appearance,
,aniong ,us, our nature re., roled at the idea, and we. look' bade
'with the most painful regret on ‘tho'se
Convulsions that .gave , existendo to'n
:tower of sqbvertin.,i , a'coilaitution for
rchick alivays had ah 'ever shall re
'lain the most„profspind: veneration, and
:substituting in its stead a rank demoe
'racy, which, however - .earefully - digest
"ed in theory, on being _reduced. into
`racticellas exhibited a system 'of ty
ranny. _dominion only. TO_ be . found
l iiinong the thicivittie,4 part of mankEnd,
;or in the history of the'dark and bar
barons, ages of anthiuity," &e.
This-petition entire is found enthod-
D 1 lit 'a . speech of Andrew Johnston, a
Democratic Senator from Tennessee,
delivered in the Senate of the United
'States on the sth and 6th days of Feb
•tiary, 1861. It shows that South Car
olina did not originally give her heart
'to the establishment and support of
this democratic government, beeause
she entertained a " most profound vene
ration" for the monarchical and aristo
'erotic institutions of tho British nation.
'John C. Calhoun, her loader in after
'times, 'was educated in the feelings
. and doctrines confessed in that rover
'out petition so full of loyalty to the
'British crown, and Of condemnation of
the doctrines of the,Rev,olation, and, of
`'i',;atitc'dcnioerac . y." 'show e d Ole of.'
feet of his-training in h :conversation
lie had with Commodore Charles Stew
hrt,ln December[lBl2, as disclosed in
Inietter,from the latter to GeOrge
'Childs of Philadelphia, dated the 4th
'ay, 1861, to be found at length in
the let YOU*. I?utnlp4's Rebellion
pecoid, page', 186: AniongAt 'other
thine stated in that later, Comino
dere '.:SteWarVielat,ed a conversation
tad at
th eharlY' 'date 'abbve "stated,
with' Mr: Calhoun in relatien to the
altiractdr oig
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41 60
WILLIAM LEWIS, Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. XVIII.
Southern' institutions;` in which Mr.
Calhoun said to him, " That we are es
sentially aristocratic I cannot deny,
but we can and do yield • much to de
mocracy. • This is our sectional , pulley.
We are from necessity thrown upon
and solemnly wedded , to - that party,
however it may ,oceasionally CLAM. with
our feelings for the conservation of our
interests. • It is through our affiliation
with that party in the Middle and Wes
tern States that we hold POWER.; 1,21 t, when
we cease thus to control this nation flirt,'
a ,disjointed democracy, or any material
obstacle in that party which shalt' tend to
throw us out of that rule and ,control j wE
sirur.r. TWIN RESORT TO 'rim DISSOLU
TION OF TUT,' UNION. The compromises
of the constitution under the circum
stances, were sufficient for our fathers;
but, under the altered condition of our
country: from that period, leave:the
South no resource; but dissolutiOn; for
no hmendmenta to , the•,Constitution,
could be reached through a convention
of the tioople under their three-fourths' ,
rule." Here Mr. Calhoun declares two
things of the Soath (indeed three).which
afford a key to the long series of sub
sequent acts done by liiinself and the
disciples of his school in reference to
the relations between. the North and
the South • Ist, That. the' Southern
people were aristocratic in. their feel
ings and habits. That they would..'
consent to remain in the Union so long
as they could rule the nation through
" AFFILIATION "; with the democracy of
the North. 3d, That as soon as they.
ceased to be- able to do that, they
would .dissolve and break •up .the
government. The end is proposed the
contingency upon - the happening, of
Ivhich it was to be accomplishdd and
the circumstances under which the deed
was to be done, to wit : failure through
a" disjointed'! democracy, to rule' the
nation.- The means• were to be chosen
of course, as events occurred in the
history of the nation. The general
plaiy i wes agreed upon: in the prosecu
tion of which a burning, rancorous ha
trod of the government and of the.
Northern people, was to be created in
the South. That hatred was to be cul
tivated in such a way as to preserve
the affiliation with the dentoeracy . of,
the North and serve the double pur
pose of holding the "power" of the
government and at the same time cre
ating excitement against it, to the end
that whenthe power could be held no
longer, the excitement, by previous,
manipulation, should be such as
--to
cause the Rubicon to be pass'tidGieiii
poranioesly, with the loss of the - power:
AltihOugh,Mr, Calhoun was not liv
ing-when the final plunge was mink),
yet it was made. upon the happening
of the exact, event and under the pre
cise circumstances indicated in his de
duration to CoM. Ste Wart. - That de-,
duration was too prophetic in its char
acter, of' the precise circumstances un
der which the rebellion now in prmi
ress was -inaugurated, to justify tire
conclusion, that the tithe and the man
ner of its appearance, accidentally cor
respond with the event foreshadowed
by the Apostle and Prophet Of the Se
cession school. This view is greatly
strengthened by the fact that the first
attempt wu made under parallel air
, eninstances. It will be remembered
that' during the latter part of the ad
. ministration of James Monroe there
I existed a kind of political mellenium
iu which party strife ceased. Oh !
that such a reign were permitted to.
return ! In the electiOn.of his success
or, John Quincy Adains, by Congress;
old partylines were broken up and du
ring his four year's term of °Wide it
was very,difficult to tellwhere the de
mOcraey of the North ;wopld fiinally
land. It had been at' sett for a time
without chart or coinpass. Indeed, it
had lost its identity in the divisions
which took place between the four can
didates, Mr. Crawford, gr. Clay, Mr.,
Adam's and GencAil.jackson.' In con
sequence of the liberal rectoinmenda
tion of the latter tinmed to Mr. Mcinroa
that his Cabinet sliOuld ho formed • by'
the dt lection of an equal 'number from
the best mon of the' two' parties into
Which the people:were then divided, to
wit: the Democratic Mid Federal, nianY
. e `Federal ists united With o . Tarty
that rallied upon that distinguished
Cedertil,whilst the DemocraciaiVided
between him arpl the three other can
didates befel-e named. No party 'bad
strength enough to elect its candidate,
by the votes qt' the' people. Congress
elected, and elected a Northern man.
This, of course, was not according to
the prograMme of Mr. Calhoun. This
was not keeping the power in the
hands of the South through "
" with the Northern democracy.
It had become, "disjointed." 'What
then ? Measures are immediately pnt,
in action to accomplish a dissolution of
the Union, as stated by Mr. Calhoun
would be done under such circumstan
ces. In theelection of-Mr. Adams,Mr.
Calhoun and his confederates saw, as
they supposed, the "sceptre departing
,ft*Mn Judah," and their house must be
pull in. order. Then comes the ques
tion, 'What means shall be employed'?
They were agreed as to the general
means. Excitement, Storm, Tempest,
muat be gotten up at the South. But
the ?nanner of getting it up,,and the de
tails leading to it, were to be settled.
There Was no slavery excitement ex
isting. The Missouri Compoyaise ,pf
182,0 - had settled all questions affecting
the institution of slavery,'and there
Was a perfect calm on that subject.- 7
In laying the train by which the meg
azine was to be fired, no opportunity
was omitted of strewjng combustible
matter all along its 'p4tli, as circum
stances might •enable the'eunspiratoes
to do, nn§ht-pected by a confiding'peo
ple. 314 Calhoun led the way,'litying
hold of 'every event and every occur
rence in the legislation of the country,
out of which his sophistical mind t emild
eke anything with Which to fire tile
kieuthern kart • "tilud' he was followeld
MI
HUNTINGDON, PA,, 'WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1862,
closely in ,the same track • by his•disci
plea, the Rhetts, ,the MeDuffies and
others, known by the name of "fire
eaters." They planted theMselves up
on two popular democratic doctrines,
as they , affected to consider them, to
wit: ISt, The States 'Rights doctrines
of 1798 and 1799 as promulgated (ac
cording to their interpretation) by the
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of
those years; and 2d, ,The . doptrinoor , ,
principle of equality amongst, the Statds.
Upon the first they engrafted their
docaine of Secession, claiming all pow-
er and sovereignty for the States, and
giVino• h a mere nominal sovereignty to
the National Government. Tho latter
doctrine, equality amongst the States,
was the great firing theme resorted to
upon all occasions. From that stand
point, almost any measure ,of. govern
mental_ policy could be tortured into
an instrument' of injury to the South,
and the ,Southern ,masses were , kept,
and intetided to' 'be kept, by these
alarmists in a constant state of excite
regard to their Slim : MS - 0d "Sec
tional" interests, , The most persistent
efforts were made to bring the govern
ment [of the Union into discredit with
the Smithern people,•by asei•ibing to it
inoquality,of action in its bearing up
on the respective interests of the north
and the, South. From its formation
down to the year 1828 the adjustment,
of tariffs of duties upon imported goods
had, never assumed a political or party
aspect and the•prineiple of diserimina-
Eon for the protection of domestic in
dustry had- been fully recognized by
the goworriment iR all its departments,
South, Carolina, and, John C. Calhoun
himself,, down to 1816, were in, favor,
of the .protective policy. New Eng
land then was opposed to it. The
Southern States Afterward, under the
lead of Mr. Calhoun, changed their,
ground in reference to. this policy and
assumed an, attitude of bitter hostility
to it, making opposition to it the mai-,
lying cry for excitement in the South„
in pursuance, of his plan for bringing
about a dissolution of the Union.—
They alleged that it taxed the South
for ,the benefit of the North and bore
unequally upon the two sections of the
Union. In the decision of the tariff
bill 0f.1828 in the Rouse of Represent
-
fakes during the administration of Mr.
Adanis it must be remembered, Mr.
MeDullie gave an inkling of the de
signs of Southern politicians in refer
ence to the Union iu saying,
" it'
the_linion - of these States shall over be
severed, and•their .111.1043 bes subverted,
- thdlirstortan who records these disais.
tors will have to ascribe them to meas.
um. of this description. Ido sincere
ly bellow that neither this government
nor any free government, can exist for a
quarter of a century, under such a sys
tem of legislation."
coarse the interpretation of this
language is, that a protective tariff was
unconstitutional because of its alleged
violation of one of the great principles
before mentioned—equality amongst
the states. The very policy that dr.
MeDuflie's own State (South Carolina)
had advocated and assisted in forcing
on New England, had then become
unconstitutional. The threat of a dis
solution of the Union was for thoughts
to dwell upon at home. The condem
nation of the principle of the Legisla
tion discussed, was to produce excite
ment at home. The bill was passed,
however, notwithstanding Mr. McDuf
fte's denunciation of it. ;Under the
operation of the tariff of 1816, 1820, ,
1824 and 1828, and the influence of
the system of
. free labor, adopted in
the North, the free States advanced
rapidly in population, wealth, and in
all the arts of civilization, whilst the
Southern States, under their system of
slave labor, stood still, or retrograded.
And how could it be otherwise under
these opposite systems? The South
ern people, cannot make mechanics,
except of the simplest kind, ship
ers or sailors, out of their slaves, and
they will not labor themselves.—
Therefore they cannot engage in man
ufacturing, ship building, or in the
carrying trade. ThIS all roust fall in
to the hands of Northern men, and
one, kind of Imsincss begets another.-.-
There must, then, from the very laws
of trade, be great inequalities of con
dition ,between . the free and slave
States. The South, being so wedded
to i their system of slavery and their
aristocratic pride, admitted by Mr
Calhoun, not allowing them (the
whites) to labor with their own hands,
they must of necessity fall behind the
Northern men in all the industrial
pursuits whiph, cause a healthy. growth
of a , people. Diversity of employ
ment and pursuit is
,neeessary ,to
sound condition of entire communities.
If all are agriculturists, who, beyond
immediately engaged in tilling the
ground,Aro to be, their consumers ?
If all are manufacturers, who shall
feed them t If. All' are Merehrlilia,
whore shall theirstecks of merchand
ise come froth? Under a system of
free labor every variety of pursuit is
open for the honbrable,
strife of inventive man. Not so un
der the oppressive system of slave la
bor. There, all must follow that bu
siness alone with 'which slaves ,can be
entrusted and for the management of
which they can be fitted., Hence, the
pursuits of slave owners are likely to
run into ono general channel.
Th..gin this tendency the pursuits of
slayp otvnbrs of the South are mainly
akricaltpral—engaged in the culture of
cotton anOreadstufr Cruder such
sYStem they havo no ,markOt'ap . home.
In seeking , a market, for their prOdne
tions they mitst •go abroad. Thgse
productions an ?chat, they. receive
abroad id &.cliitiig,d finj them, must be
burdened by t,b6 'cost df transportatiOn
both ways, for which they aro in no
way compeneatOd op before stated,
the busines4 of tilinsiitoowinust bc
Conducted V' p;t116):: Oloids. In' almost
an endless i'avp4yof fdruis trio oWlier6
-PERSEVERE.-
of slave labor must tie, the sufferers,
and must, 'from necessity, be in a
state of dependence uPon the
results 'of free abroad'.'—
The present rebellion has il
lustrated this in the; fact that the very
buttons with which the nuiforms of its,
officers are ornamented, and the badg
es they wear have to -be 'procured
from abroad. illo„unequgl then are
the results of free and stave labor ?
Whilst the one system advances the
othei‘ retaftls, in all' the business of
life. This is proved by all the statis
tics oft*: Free and 'Slave States.=
Take those of New York and Virginia
as exnmples. In 1790 NeWYefic - con-
Wined 340;1::,0 inlibitants. At 'the
shine time the population of Virginia
was 748,308, being more than'twice the
number of the population of New York.
In 1850 New York had a population
of 3,097 - ;394. At the sante, tithe - the
population of Virginia was only 1,421,L
061, less than half the number 'of that
of New York. In 1701 the exports of
New York amounted to $'2,505,4G5;
the exports of Virginia to' l'53,130.800:
In 1852; the exports' of New Yhrlf
amounted to 887,484,450 these ofVir
ginia during the,:same yeer,-amounted
to only $2,724,W1. In 7790 the im
ports of New YOrk and Virginia were
about equal. In 185Zi the imports of
New York amounted to the sant of
8178,270,999, while those of Virginia
amounted to the sum of only 8 - 399,-
004. In 1850, the prodtiets of menu
flicturers, mining, .and the mechanic
arts in New York, amounted to $237,-
597,900; those of Virginia amounted to
0h1y29,705,38,7.
..It, is impossible to
close the eyes agamstsUch„ resulth as
these. Virginia has a more congenial
climate than' New York for 411 the em
ployments , of labor—she has better
land and, vastly more mineral wealth
in the bowels of her "siicred soil :"
a harbor that is little behind that of
New York; and yet see how the one
has outstripped the- other in all ti e
arts of civilized life! And this is only
a sample of the comparison that might
be instituted between the statistics of
any free and slave state, showihg the
same kind of results. These differenc
es in the progress of the North and.
South, commencing with the state of
things existing under their colonial
conditioq, aud tracing it down to any
given point of tinie; after the abolition
of slavery in 'the Northern States—
could.not and did not fail to _be obser
ved by Mr. Calhoun and his coadjutors,
bet being determined to preserve the
constitution of slavery, they were un
willing to let the masses in the South
knOW the true causes in the differenc
es in the career of the free and slave
States, and being determined to be
seParated 'from a connection under
which the evil working of the slave
system was, by comparison, becoming
more and more apparent every clay,
they made the very inequality traces
able to that system, the ground. for
their application of the principle of
" equality" amongst the States. They
charged this inequality to the action
of the National Government and the
tariff laws passed by Congress and
sanctioned by it. They sounded the
alarm upon this theme—showed that
in our colonial condition, statistics
placed the South ahead of the North
in all the trade and commerce of the
colonies—and then they exhibit the
reverse condition under the National
Government, careful however, not to
state the fact that slavery bad exist
ed in all the colonies at the time to
which reference was made. Thevicein
their own system being ehrteged:upon
the Government, land the Southern
mind worked up to the point of resist
ance, then they invoke the State .
rights doctrines of 1798 as the remedy.
ThiS wits disclosed and assumed first
in the great debittb between Daniel
- Webster and Senator Ifitgue of South
Carolina, Mr. Calhoun then being Vigo
President and having no right to speak
on the floor of the Senate, Mr. Hague,
a very talented man, was put forward
as the champion understood, (as asser
ted by Mr. Benton,) , to be speaking
the opinions and doctrines of the for-,
mer. That debate took place in 1829,
the next year, after the passage of the
tariff bill of 1828,' and in it the i. 14-
tino.cifnullificationWas first
announced. In the course of that de
bate:Mr.:Hague said : " The gentlel.l
man has called, upon us to carry opt,
our scheme practically. Now, sir, if I
am correct in my view of this matter,
then it follows; of course, that the
right:of a State being established, the
Federal Government is bound to dequi
esce in a solemn decision of a State,
acting in its sovereign capacity at least
so far as to make an appeal to the peo
ple for an amendment to the Constitu
tion. This solemn decision of a State,
made either through its Legislature, or
a Convention, as may be supposed to
be the proper organ of its sovereign
will, a point I do not Propose' now to
discuss, binds the Federal Government
under, the highest constitutional obli
gation not to resort -to any means of
coercion against the citizens' of• the
dissenting State." It will be seen
here, that paramount sovereignty is
cilaimed for a State, and that in a con
flict of power and jurisdiction, tho Na
tional Government inust yield. That
is the very creed of the rebels in the
present rebellion. Mr. Webster con:
elusively disproved this doctrine, so
destructive, if true, of the nationality
of the Government of the linion.• lie
argued that thedoctiiiiW had no found
ation either in the ConStitation or in
the' ' Virginju resolutions—that the
Constitution makes th'e' Pelleral Gov
ernment act upon citizens within the
States, and not Upon the States' them
selves—thatiwithio their aonstitittlon-:
al limits the law's' of Congress 'were
supreme, and that it was treasonnblo
to'resigt thein with force ITurther
inoi e s ' that I,IM qh'eSiidir con:
stittitionality was to be decided by the
Supreme Court. '
1 lntve shown the wicked design con—
carcd--,-the ,cunning means adopted - to
cover it up in the disguises of popular
political Democratic doctrines—the
means used to operate upon the''popu-:
lar 'heart at the South- - -to prepare for
the plunge to •be made whenever cir
cumstances were propitious. • I have
a [so shown the motive governing, the
purpose, that is to say, a conviction on'
the part of the conspirators that with
out the abolition of slavery, they could
not compete with the enterprise attic
North under its system of free labor
—this determination not to give up
slaVery because the system . was so
congenial to their aristocratic instincts
and tastes,' and,their •consequent pur
pose to be tinder, a government, based
upon slavery, unmixed with any (de-,
ment• of frtiedem to contrtte't With the
results of the system of slavery. -We
are now prepared to witness an open
demonstration, of their treasonable,
purpose. I have stated that the con
tingency; (the asjOint,illy of the Demo
cratic party iivtlie election of Mt. 'Ad-•
ants,) had happened when.the 'treason
was to he, consummated. . The meas
ures were in
,progress during the term
of his 'Presidency—the Hague and
Welister'dehate enunciated the princi
ple (a Deineeratie principle)* upon
which the act was to be justified, and
then in 1832 we have the,
the act"of sovereign . State, in Con
vention assembled, adopting an'Ordi
riance•dechiring her purpose to resist,
the enforcement of the.revenne laws of
the United States of the 29th, May,
1828,, and the 14th July, 1832. It. de
dared "that the people of South, Car
olina swill maintain the said Ordinance
at every liazfird';' and' that they will
consider the passage of 'any act of
Congress on . closin ,, the ports of the
saieState, r otherwise obstructing
the flee ingress 'or egress of vesselS to
and from the said ports, or any other
act of the Federal Gni:eminent to co
erce the State, shut up . her ports, de
stroy or barass her commerce, or to
enfilree the said . acts otherwise than
throngli 'the civil tribunals of the coun
try, as inconsistent with the longer cow
-1 innance of South Carolina in the Uni
on ; and that the people of the %said State
will thenceforth hoick themselves absolved
from ad further obligation to maintain
or preserve, their political connexion with
the people of the other States, and will
roirrnwrrn proceed to organize a separ
ate Government, and do all other acts
and , things which sovereign and indepen
dent States may of right, do." In this
ordinance is incorporated the same
pervading idea which characterizes the
present or second rebellion. 15 coer
cion" • of the people of a sovereign
State. It was called nullification to be
consummated by secession if interfered
with by the Federal, Government. It
was secession initiate. This ordinance
was based upon Mr, Hayne's doctrine
of State rights, drawn from the Dem
ocratic resolutions of 1798, and which
in effect denies the sovereignty and
destroys the nationality of tlio U. S.,
Government. It is the same doctrine
that caused Virginia to take such
high ground in regard to the sacred
ness of her soil in the commencement
of the rebellion now in progress.
General Jackson, the President' of
the United States, crashed in' the bud
the first rebellion founded upon this
doctrine, by his prompt and decisive.
action, as the second might have been
crushed in the beginning. by James
Buchanan. But'he, unfortunately-, by
the non-coercion part of his annual
message, gai-c encouragement to the
rebels to go .on with their secession
proceedings. ' In President Jacksdn's
proclamation to the people of South
Carolina, dated the 11th December,
1832, (amongst other things) ho said
" Did we pledge ourselves to the sup
port of an airy nothing—a bubble that
must be blown .away by the first breath
of disaffection ? Was this self-do
stroying , visionary theory the , work
of the profound statesmen; the exalt-''
ed petriots, to whom the task of consti
tutional reform, wits intrusted ?,. Did
the name of Washington sanction, did
the - State deliberately ratify such ati
anomaly in' the history Of fundamen
tal legislation ?" ,
The attitude winch-South. Carolina
had thus assumed,ldd r toCinigreSsioriill
legislation, to wit : To•the passage 'of
the , !'l'Oree Bill" to enable the -PreSi.:'
dent to elxertfall the power Of the Gov
ernment necessary to compel bbhdi
ence to the laws, and a cOuhpromise
tariff bill wa's passed with a vietv -to
Satisfy the South, by which the pretee:
tive'principle was gradually abandmi
0, until the Wore ‘brought
down to a horizontal, duty of
,twenty
per cent: Mr. Clay introduced and,:
carried this bill throligh 'as a •peace
offering. TheSe measures and eon.
Jackson's energetic and determined
course in reference to the nullification
proceedings of South Carolina, put a
stop to their further prosecution at
that time. The war Of the old lion
in-the way, drove back the conspira
tors for the 1114 being; but the treas
onable purpose was never abandoned.
They only changed their tactics—
transferred an insithloos way, as
circumstances froln'tlmeto time. ena
bled them to do', the 'Dior which
they' haa'gotten up against tbe tariff,
to the slavery question.' 'Mr.' , Calhoun
bad got hack into the Senatei mind took
part in the dlsoussion's which,' Sprung
up en the force and compromisO'ca'riff
bills . .. In - tiros© diSetissions ho intro
dttbechthe regefutiOris, entitled.“lfese
luikins on the.pbWers of ithe 'Govern
ment, iMr.Meriton, , iti giving. It his
tory of the transaction; said : wa's
in the discussion ofthe resolutions ten'd
the kindred subjects of the ( force
andtlid 'crVveitive collection that
Mr. Calhoun ,'re.Vcafed
the source from which he obtained the
fibminal idea of nullification as a rem-
uzzz
TERMS, $,1,50, LI y. 9 aF in•. advance.
edy in a goverilinent, The Virginia
resolutions en: and 99 were the as-'
sumed source of :the power itself "as
applicable to' our Federal and State
Governments."' 111enton's 30 years in:
the Senate, 335,
,lii the discussions on
those Sam° bills, Mr.. Benton said (1
-Benton, '34o;' 341)' "he revealed a
glimpse of hiwiiiirpose to 'inaugurate a
slavery: agitation, there being, ;none in
existeipie at that time. , It was revealed
in these ainbi,guois words of his speech,
the'confest (between the North and •
the Sbuth) will, in' fact, be a'Oontest
bet Ween power and liberty. • '•
Such he considers the present; a
contest in which the weaker, seetion
with its peculiarlabOr, productions and
situation, has at'stake all that is dear
to freemen." "dlore, (says Mr. Benton,
a Southern :man and a DenioeratOis
distinct declaration . that there, was ,
then a contest hetvoen the . ,two Sec :
della' Wild Ifnion;"and that that con
test iffiS'betiveen 'poiklair `Mid liberty,
in which thei , freedOrn, and the slave
property of the South were.at . stake.".
(1 Benton, 341.) •„
In this spine speeCh. "Cflilhoun
discloses the true ground of' the, feigned
dissatisfaction of the• South 'with: their
govonimont; :ani 7ith thelnorthern•
peoplo-- 7 and.tbe real groandpiiwhich.
they,bas, ed their parposq,of breaking
"l the, gbveriulient tie' soon' cis .they
had• - reaped all'Ae benefit's' frein
which :tit IthstisphiiottS itinrfeActirhig ,
people:. would. ,sanctiOns diselbses”
in an amhiguons form. the,•saine pur
pose to.rule or, ruin which ; was indica
ted to Conithodord'•Stdwart in"1811' 2 .:
fle' said :'" very Seuthein mint '
to the; interests of his section, an d th:.'
fnl to.the,duties which Rroyi,donpo,bas
allotted hint, will be forever .ox:chided
limn the ;honor and emotainenti . of,
thi.4 'gdvelinnent which wilrbe ''reS 2
cued for these , only who have, qualified
themselves, by, political, prostitution
for admission into the, :Magdalen! Asy
lum." Mr. Benton in corn ineitting,npon
this language said " this - WaS‘,•better,
and while revealing his own feelings
at the prospect of his own' fidlura for
the presidency (which from the bright,.
ness-of the noon-day- sun :was dimning
down to the obscurity of daiqc night),
Was at the same time, unjusGand
edn
tradicted by all history, lirevioas and
subsequent, of our national_ electioni
and by his own history in connection
with them. The North had supported
Southern men for Piesiilent, a lcing
succession of them—and even 'twice
concurred in- dropping a Northern
President at the end of a single term,
and taking a Southern in his place.
He himself had had signal proofs of
good will from the North in his two
elections to the Vice-Presidency." *
Mr. Benton further commenting said,
" It was evident then, that the protective
tariff was not the sole, or the main cause .
of the South Carolina discontent; TRAT
NULCIFICATION AND SECESSION -were to
CONTINUE,• though this ostensible cause.
ceased ; that resistance was to continue on
a . NEW 611.011 ND upon the same principle,
while a nett and impassible poini was 'at-`
tanned. Thiw was declared by Mr. Cal=
holm in his place ,
on the day , of the
passage of the " Compron,zife" bill,, and
on hearing that the " force bill" bad,
finally passed the liduse of Represen
tatives. —l. Benton,'34l. Ina spooah
delivered on that day ho said, speaking
of the "force bill," ‘,` If the measure be
acquiesced will he the termination,
of that long controversy which' began
in the convention, and which hg's been'
continued under various'fortunes
the present day. But it I ou . iht net:—
it apt—it cannot ,be acqifidsced
unless the South is dead to the sense of
her' liberty,' and' blild'to 'flame 'dange'rs'
which Surround and me:meet/lent ;shenev.:
er 'will cease resistance' until the act is
erased front the Sta(tge,Book.
'-,Sybat clangors )i,EiszAbEn, the South
whe,n 'that 'speech' was Made? The.
" ComPrOniise" 'bill' for a gradual'
duction of the tariff duties, and for
strikino• 's down Northern interests, be
cause of the " menacing" attitud e of
the South, had just been passed.' No
agitation'on the subject' ofshtVery tihd
been inaugurated except what Mr. Gal:
holm himself was-endeavoring to. ini-,
tiate.„, Then I isk again what dangers;
meiniCed the south?, None on earth"
lint those which' ninSt . naturally and
logically' - hew 'from' their:oiVn systetn:
of slave labor (under •whieh • it ivaS
grading to worlOilu,contrast with the,
results, of the opposite system of fres
labor where men rise posts of h
digiVitfan:d Nroaltli,liy' the ivorkinanz
shiP' of their 'Owirliainls. '
one system. the men who labor, tiro re.:,
garded as the 'very lowest stratum,—
the niudsills; of society, ' under
the other,' the laboring iinin;"a 4 ccording
to the manner in which - ho cdnducts-i
himself, iS 'elevated bathe highest p.a..:
sitions of respectability and honor, I
both socially and politically. Mr... Cal-,
IMO Wiri (tie good a thinker , ricit, to see
th'66 'differences of resdits, but the
aristoot tiny ((always connected .with
system bf slavery) of which he seemed.
to bo proud in 181; had 'too potent
charms for Lint and ,those.with whom,
ho acted,' to allOW'them'tO'iiherish nay
other form for the orgarihiation etsocie r
ty than that which' was'hitsed.supolfsla
very. , But ho sail, that the political
power of the South, which had, ruled
the government; 'throughout,' almost,
the entire term of existence, must,
in the natural courSO'of things, he re
laxed : tltat.tho North tinder 30 sYstOn.
of free labor was adva,nei9g, in,popu
lation, wealth and" material progress
in all the Arts of civilized life ,• NtiLite r
the South' under its kkysteni . , Arti'a dither
at a stand or reeediii l v The •idoa of
yielding the hold lipely ylttl
power of the govern iu ent which 9outhf
ern politicianslitid been aalist4Moil
to was- i ti'4llll yeAfitV" - tbl - lini
and his'sChoolliepoliliejanefo
m it`ted: to ;: tin't`thdy:eetila sou no Wopo
of retaining. their accustomed predom-
Mating influence whilst the North
JOB PitilVillSlG OPPIOB.
TMP!_r
- • • • •
GLOIjE , JOB. oPPrii" ,- 1 1 1
_ t the moat complete of nny In the reopflz epd IVO,-
tessei. th 4 rairumple fecllttles to promptly hxeeptlng
thettetetyle, every variety of - Job rrhellpg, Mteh a 1 _
if AND. BILLS,,
CARDS,
CtIiCULAIL9 v
• 11Xt.t.
, - _ BILL liain,
LADELS, 530., "&U.•.
Mb AND s= auna 0P1 , 236114 or-vosit,
AT LEWIS' BOOK, BTATIONIMY & 16fIC STORK,
NO. 20.
was so rapidly adVaneink Oder ono
system ancl,thcy making.no progress
under,the other. They saw that to_
keep-pace ,-With it shiveryinktist, f 4;
a b andoned, and afietogrtig
with it, and 'rather `than" submit t 4
such an talterruitive their 'ambition - led
them.to desire the blessings of li-Gov.t
eminent based entirely- upon slavery,,
where there would be no conflicting.el4,,
ements of progress or its opposite f q
poll tical•econom ists to speculate ,trpoti ;
great Southern . confederacy.-was:
the cherished object of their tropes.--•
To accemplielt,tlns the . area of slive
ryM e'
Must be tendeilttport any
upon Which the ingetitqtY or . sophis
try of its advocates could, pike its.
claims. The Sotither.o mind Lad to. be
schooled and,edneated in the -ifieorios
-of the consphfaitore, as te.thefnaffire of
the reltitions*:existing betw4Cri
Statel'.ancr'GovernMonq.4 2 - 7
The, secession doctrines. ,:yore to
found - deeply i rnbedded," arnuugs .
principles
leadinprinciples of - the jie ntoerittl9 ,
party.' Indeed,; . se
cession were to.be inehleated , ras
very- warp tind,w,opf of Pcmocrsay.7.-:,-
The pripeiplo -Was to be ; p0p,41,049a.
that, under the Goon stitu t
tiOnal GovernMent had". tit'd '
power no inhdrent enorgyilici;:pciitoer,
pyg§eric , itsolf.dgainiVS4tiiletioq jn
t11:;tAll so vere, ign ty was o Atates,.7,
and 'the mere form ,of,it in the- general,
0-6V ( Ortpnent. t r hese,sifpPfesedi
trn'fixed and
public mind, all the arts of •cephistql
were tobo put in. yertisitien.f.v,3.c9i)94-'
tunities might occur,in,tbeprog,ressi,
eVents, to lilt:lathe• and pgismc that'.
mind' rigain4 'thel 'aoVe'rpte`l4 7
against - Nortilet'n !:.
' [To , bo continued.) ;!* 1
lateiesting from Ajohmoncl..
' Poirrtiess • MONnox, Oc;i:
steamboat John Warner (flag .'o
truce boat). r °turn qt I from 4iken!s
ding to-d ay, rri rod at Edrtlifss„ . .itfodro:e ,
at "1 o'clock: She bringh", doi,Vit no''
prisoners in exchangelor State ilristi
ners Sent - up. •I. learn: frit .21ajorl
W. Shenk,- One-hundred-anklabir&
fifth Pennsylvania - Volunteers,
eer in charge, that tho Complisstonpk, _
Major Quid,' of the Clatifedei)4l:6 l 41DV: •
ernment, i:efused • to '6l , thintn,;e the pris
...-...
otters of the estate belpegingtto:Virg,in
ia, ,t,h,e : gro,ninl;that they,
.vere i ta_l4en
c m Territory itefonging I. o ,.the,Ppliec7-
eraeY.
1.
The Richmond ExaWner - t51Qa. 1 0111; '
contains the military exemption • act I
passed Oct. 4th, 1862, which- exempts ;
police for sections of country of dense
negro population; exempts editors,and such:help as they require in "their
business; employees of transpertapon
anti telegraph companies; minister's of
the gospel; physicians; shoent,a4:ors.';
furriers; blacksmiths; ),y,tbgpn
millers; supertni,FlntlenfSan4 . en,loo
in hospitals, wool, cotton and . paper
mills; employees on government wc,tt'k ;
ov,erseer,s• of, plantations; . one man tO .:
every five hundred . head of ,
The exemption act' passed . April - 2154
The Examiner. " , Cofigro'ss , b4S--
a serious buhiticisd'ktrf i s handar t f:pros•- t
The subject, of ~I',9yg. r iu:c and „ fi
nance is now before CO,ngress,
bill- provides that eVery eitiT,en'glye to'
Government bne-fifth - of hi s s'' gross' in
come; and .repieve in acknowledgment,
eight per cent. bonds. ,Of tennis ;
eight per Cent. is
. the, worst. ~Of
taxes, twenty per,peßt:rose'
is 'll):crAt'ilpyittidivo! 1 phis' pro
ject Congress' strikes a .'heivie'r, ilifotrr
at•our credit than the-.public , . enemy. I
Governtnent. has committsd,finauciail
blund,ers - enoUgh to spin
the confidence of the nuhlrel'Wei:tYfidt
so welLsupportl4.. po'nV,)!§§tyl\ pBEa
pone d 'a 4jo i ttr:n hielt tg r
.pat F ic*'3leGOWanit m l,.l444-4111aher, 3
wore
for
thituß,4. l 6e, on
_Saturday
last, for - dessortiOn"- °Wen' nitiird t tirre
received fifty laslietliie same day - fq,
the Same• offence. . Jr i
, The same ; paper coetai.uS a4popatelt :
from- Mobilo October 3d whiehsus .
Ghuoral Baer, has i issa9d - Ord i cts I:e 7
qtdring porsons, Vale fefriiifo,
eighteen 'yours of age e"nd•upNirardiudiiil
syripathizo with . the Southprn Confedl4
oracy,.to ;yeport themselves, Iw4h .0.,
gO,§cr!pt4idli§f, eftbuir
is - t'd be eollVolded, And they 4n,od and
imprisoned 'unless thoY
allegiance: to the united Eoifil's; 'Gov=
ernment. •
41so, deapateb , dated qav A nnah4t4„ .
ivlileh says, " the :Unionists attacked
our tatteries on St. - JOhil'i on the 1);t,"
arld.aft r er hOnr-!s"eng,a" gentent' , NFoie
repulsed: 'The 131iientstA , eitbsoiluen
ly,landed at 4'reenville Point io. r forpt4l
and rnarelied a mile in the 'rear of oar
batter, where a fi'g'ht - eohlnien6e4'
at ten A:;lir!is No • j?artieul alit . -
have been resei`red:!..'
,VA A iEwy BNlrm.or.Es.--- 2 Colqal4 "
Cio's` - 11nOn Variety Packages - are
for sale' at Lewis'. Book gtore. TIM.*
make a weO[hatidsome, present.for aft ,
ages.. Tho jewelry is of a hotter gala. t
ity t,l - ul9 . .•can hfl secured in agy.pt!ier i .
packa;go in any other way for the
same Money. The baj.,Vcif . envel.:'
opo can get - any arti§la' Iqf Jowelryle '
or' she , - may keleet tom. specimens_*
Call anq see for Yo'qrsolf. Prise:§,o„co..;
The Tax-Law'
I?odyigithe organic . ge r otioo;
•
oral and 6pocific-proNisir'.7ft.#•kisirO l p'il
for Elio appointment •rind apyiAl4l' gel
of collectorki, tlioir.
tants ;' alpliandtiCal'scifiotlHellist
tides taxhd;
J ar,rSk at I.o y ic•tsj'Book StOA
e :fin - assortment of - Gsard• V;potc
grsphs itfMa .13oe* -Star°. • • •'
Fine Cirmra..and TOliapeo for.
n
sale at Lewis' Book Store.
PROORtIMNIES,
BLANKS,
POSTERS,
FED
IMO