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European Opinions on American
Affairs.
THE DUTY 9.F ENGLAND TD,AMERICA
[From the Landau Saturday Review.]
'lt is absolutely necessary that the
.English Government should speedily de-
cide on the policy it intends to follow with
reference to the Southern Confederation
of American States. Owing to the con
tradictory legislation which the two
parts of the dissevered Union have
adopted on the subject of import du
ties the English exporter finds himself
in the greatest perplexity, and the
Government is exclusively able to re
move his difficulty. The Southern
States, which ultimately pay for Brit
ish commodities in their cotton, are
ready to admit them at a low and rea
sonable duty; but in the North a tariff
has, in all probability, already been
legalized, which all but closes against
them the . Northern and Western mar
kets. So far as this, the question for
the English ministers seems to be the
simple one, whether, in spite of grave ob
jections, they will accept its liberal com
mercial policy as a reason for recognizing
the Southern Union. But the circum
stances of the case are not yet com
pletely stated. The Southern Confed
eracy has announced that it intends
to treat the whole United States as a
foreign community, and that goods
coming into the South from the North
and North-west will be considered by
it as equally dutiable with shipments
received through New Orleans. This
consideration adds greatly to the dis
tress of the English mercantile interest.
Even supposing it could bear up
against the heavy fiscal burdens im
posed by the New Northern tariff, it
is quite impossible that it can pay the
double duty levied partly at the
,New
York custom-house, and partly on all
cargoes conveyed to the seceding,
States by the route of the Mississippi
and its tributaries. Nay, it would ap
pear as if goods shipped to New Or
leans would, under present circumstan
ces, pay duty first to the floating cus
tom-house established by the Govern
ment of the old States at the mouth of
the Missisippi, and next to the officers
of the Southern Confederacy the mo
ment the cargo is landed on the wharf.
No doubt, such a state of things as
this, injurious as it is, ought to be pa
tiently borne by the English importer,
if it be no unreasonably prolonged. It
seems, however, as if the 'Washington
Government intended that it should en
dure indefinitely. Up to the present
moment, no mode of coercion has been
mentioned by the persons mostly in
Mr. Lincoln's favor, except the reten
tion of Federal property in Southern
defences and the compulsory levy
of duties at Federal pots. This policy
may obviously last fbr one year, two
years, or 'a dozen; and it is a grave
.question whether foreign Powers are
under any obligation to submit to it.
If no point of time can be named at
which - it Will'conie to an end, is it not
easy to see why England or France could
not demand thatthe United States should
either put down the rebellion by effectual
measures, or else allow foreigners to deal
with the new Confederacy as an indepen
dent State: The difficulties growing out
of conflicting claims ofjurisdietion form
always one of the most familiar knots
which publicists are called upon to un
tie; but a new case arises when two
Governments, without coming to blows
or using any hostile measure against
one another, actually exercise jurisdic
tion at one and the same point of ter
ritory. The old States cannot reason
ably expect that they will be allowed
to establish what will be, in effect, a
blockade of the Southern ports with
out applying that active, coercive, and
unremitting force of which interna
tional law rigorously requires the em
ployment from the blockading Power.
- These questions press the, more ur
gently in proportion , as hopes of a
compromise become fainter and fainter.
The body 'of mediators assembled by
the Government of Virginia, under the
name of the PeacC Congress, has only
succeeded in making a report through
the accidental absence of one of the
Republican delegates; and the report
thus obtained merely suggests the ar
rangements which have already been
mooted and laid aside in the Congress
of the United States. In truth, there
are but two or three resting-places be
tween the extreme dahlia of the North
and the extreme claims Of the South;
and as each of these has come in turn
before the Senate and the Rouse of Re
presentatives, it-has become elear that
one party er_the other: considered'. it
too' great a_ concession. It certainly
Beans as if theAisplehad passed beyond
the-region of cOfirclinite .
.and adjustment.
The,Southere . Confederacy has_ seem.-
ed -I So 'tnapy,..tmexpec.ted .advantages
through the ap,athrof, Mr., Buchanan,
and so niciiifinOre through' the , suici
dal fiscal logisratifni of'the North, that
it is - riot ti eleast likelfto stoop down
from : the commanding . attitade at
which it plaeditselfin'the beginning
of the-rupture. On the other_hand, the
population .of the Northern States
seems to be.mere -and more disinclined
tp _give Way
_without bloWs.. 'lt :WAS
long thought that_ the -Republican par
ty would be deserted by numbers of
its adherents
. at the first election after
the secession; but some local struggles
which -have just terminated actually
show an increase 'of Republican votes.
Mr. Lincoln will undoubtedly be fol
lowed by large numbers of • his party
whatever course he takes; but there
are already signs that a considerable
minority is determined to insist on
measures which, though not admitted
to deserve the Dame of coercion, will
necessarily be the first step in a civil
war. -
If the polities of the islorthern
States become permanently separated
from those of the South, it is not easy
to say into what divisions ,the present
.....41 50
WILLIAM LEWIS, Editor and Proprietor.
VOL. XVI,
Northern parties will break up. That
there will ultimately be - a disruption
of the Republicans it is impossible to
doubt, for no fiction so large and so
nearly universal has ever prevailed in
America without ultimately separating
into fragments from its own weight.
Even thus early—even before Mr. Li
ncoln's policy was formally declared in
America—there have been symptoms
of serious disagreement. Some very
powerful membrrs of the Republican
party, seconded by no inconsiderable
fifflowing, are known to have tried
their utmost to prevent Mr. Lincoln
from placing Mr. Seward at the
head of his Cabinet. This dis
taste for _Mr. Seward is not simply
personal; it proceeds from a deep dis
like of that policy of conciliating the
South, and of • endeavoring to stop short
of extremities, which Mr. Seward, ever
since Afr. Lincoln's success, has urgently
recommended in his public addresses.—
The Mal-contents are therefore a war par
ty, and they do not hesitate to declare
that they do not greatly care what issue
the war may have. If they defeat the
South in fair field, it is clear that the
doom of slavery, even in the present
slave States, is sealed. If, on the oth
er hand, the seeedibg States succeed
in making good their independence,
the ultra faction in the North insists
that it is infinitely preferable to con
tinue national existence as a Confed
eracy of entirely free communities
than to chafe under an unequal yoke
with societies whose institutions are
abhorrent to the freemen of a democ
racy based on the equality of rights.
The existence of this dissident section
is pointed out by the more moderate
Republican newspaper as a lamentable
proof of the progress made by Aboli
tionism, pure and simple, in the Re
publican ranks since Mr. Lincoln's
election. It is, indeed, most natural
that the extreme form of anti-slavery
opinion should gather strength through
the force of recent occurrences. Every
taunt and boast of the Seceders, each
disdainful rejection of the overtures of
peace which proceed from the more
timid Northerners, must add plausibil
ity to the arguments of those 'who
have always contended that there
could be no peace with the slave-own
er. There are men of much eloquence,
and consequently of much influence,
in the Northern States, who, though
Americans born, have steadily refused
to take the oath of allegiance to the
Federal Constitution, lest they should
seem to pledge themselves against un
dertaking a root-and-branch extirpa
tion of - slavery if they should ever
have it in their power. A year ago
such persons, though to a certain ex
tent admired and listened to, were
regarded by the Republicans as dan
gerous allies, and by the mass of the
people as half-mad incendiaries, but
now that events are apparently tend
ing to bring about the state of things
which they always declared to be in:
evitable, it is not wonderful that in
creasing numbers of Americans should
be tempted to look upon them as pro
phets. The longer the present provision
al relation of North and South is con
tinued, the more probable will be the con
solidation of a great Northern party,
sworn to re-admit the seceding States to
the Union on no terms except entire sub
mission, or else to separate from them
forever.
TILE NAVIGATION OF TILE MISSISSIPPI
[From the London Shipping Gazette.]
We give elsewhere in extenso the act
of the .11:ontgomery Convention for the
establishment of the free navigation of
the Mississipld. This act, which is
framed in a liberal spirit, provides for
the free transit of vessels and their
cargoes from port to port, within the
limits of the Confederacy, "without
any duty or hindrance except light
money, pilotage, _ and other like
charges." The importance of this
measure will be at once perceived by
all acquainted with the features of the
American trade, and who know, as we
pointed out two months since, that the
grand object of the Southern States is to
make the Mississippi the highway of the
great trade of the West, and so divert
that commerce from the ports of the At
lantic to the ports of the Gulf of
Mez•ico.
A Border Slave State Convention.
The Louisville Democrat opens an
article, under the above heading, as
follows:
We deem it highly important that a
Convention of this sort was called, and
called promptly. It is the desire of
the Union men of the Border States,
and it would be an unnatural proceed
for Kentucky to hold back. It is the
duty of the Union men to omit no ex
pedient that promises a settlement of
our difficulties. The question now is
with our friends of the Free States,
what do the Border Slave States judge
necessary for themselves, and what do
they deem necessary to restore this
Union to its integrity on fair basis, so
that all can rejoin it without humilia
tion. It is important that these States
hold counsel by themselves, without
the interference of others, and publish
own to the world their programme. On
them rests to-day the great duty of
mediators. They 'Jaye a right to be
heard by both sides, nor will that right
be questioned. They have talon no
rash or precipitate action; they haye
disobeyed no law, nor repudiated any
constitutional obligation. They have
suffered more from ill conduct of a part
of the Free States than their brethren
further South. They have often spent
their treasure and blood for it. They
are not willing to surrender their rights
or the Union. They intend to have
both, and it is right and proper that
they, having a deep interest in these
objects, should calmly consider what
should be done, and let all sections of
the Union see the result.
Cowardly Brutality of a Traitor.
The Green Bay Free Press gives the
following notice to the infamous trai
tor, the late Gon. David B. Twiggs:
To many of our older citizens Gen.
Twiggs is well known. Thirty odd
years ago he was stationed here, in
command of fort Howard. Invested
with supreme trust in this then new
country, with little or no GovernMent
other than martial law, examples of
his vindictive and barbarous conduct
live in the memory of some of the old
residents with bitter distinctness.—
There are no brilliant deeds of heroism
in his history, asin most American of
ficers of his age, to dazzle or avert the
eyes bent upon his early infamy and
wanton barbarism. A long life of ser
vice in the army, mostly in frontier
stations, has afforded means of gratifi
cation to his tyrant nature; but in his
profession his cowardice shielded him
from danger more successfully than
his vanity stimulated him to his dis
tinction. In his intercourse with civil
ians, he was supercilious and overbear
ing. In his conduct to his soldiers, ho
was the merciless tyrant and taskmas
ter. Ho was Constantly embroiled in
feuds without cause of complaint; his
command was never without its vic
tims of his cruelty and oppression.
In 1828, a soldier named Prestige,
smarting under the infliction of pun
ishment more severe than usual, deter
mined to take his life. Making his
preparations with extraordinary care,
Prestige watched his opportunity when
Twiggs was asleep in his quarters ono
afternoon, and stealthily creeping to his
bedside, placed the muzzle of a heavily
loaded musket to his car, and commen
ded his soul to the keeping of the.infer
nal regions. By some strange acci
dent the musket missed fire; but the
snapping of the gun awoke the sleeper,
and seizing the musket by the muzzle
he brained the soldier at a blow, leav
ing him for dead. So far it was all
right; doubtless the outraged but
treacherous soldier deserved to suf
fer death. His skull was smashed
in by the gunlock; but he lived—lived
to suffer a complication of horrors sick
ening to think of. The skull of the
wounded man was trepanned by Dr.
Foot—an excellent surgeon and man;
and while the patient was under his
immediate care his condition was com
fortable. But scarely had he com
menced to convalesenee, when Twiggs
began a series—a system—of cruelties
and enormities unparalleled in the an
nals of vindictive persecution. Before
his reasot* was entirely regulated, the
suffering soldier was severely cow hided
once every day, either by the hand of
the tyrant himself, or by his orders
and in his presence. He was confined
in the dungeon, fed like a beast upon
uncooked food, denied any comfort or
convenience suitable to man, and wor
ried and exasperated with taunts and
curses, as a sauce to his coarser pun
ish:l:lent. In the Fall or Autumn of
the year the troops at Fort Howard
were ordered to the Portage to estab
lish Fort Winnebago. Prestige, feeble
with famine and brutal chastisement,
crippled with chains and laden with
burden, was forced to march under
guard through 150 miles of wilderness.
Once, when a pitying fellow-soldier re
lieved his fainting victim of part of his
burden for a while, he was kicked and
cursed for a scoundrel for his imperti
nent humanity. Arrived at the Por
tage, he was not permitted the course
comforts of his fellows, but chained to
a tree like a beast. In this condition
he Was kept through a severe Winter,
without shelter or protection other
than one blanket and a shed of slabs
- which some other soldiers were suf
fered to build around him. It is said
that the villain Twiggs, never passed
the lair without bestowing upon his
suffering victim, nauseous with filth
and alive with vermin, a blow, or a
kick and a curse. In the Spring of
1829, when the soldier's enlistment ex
pired, and the tyrant could no longer
retain him for his private persecution
and revenge, his head was shaved and
he was drummed out of the service.
But the malice of the coward did not
end there. When he could no longer
reach him by his own arbitrary schemes
of torture, ho sent him under guard to
this city and surrendered him to the
civil authorities to be tried for his at
tempt on the dastard's life. He was
tried, and sentenced by Judge Doty to
to five years' imprisonment in the coun
ty jail; but only a short time elapsed
when a proper representation of the
facts was made to President Jackson,
and he was pardoned and set at
liberty. •
Siiir The story of the airs put on by
a spry young lady because her father,
a worthy blacksmith in the western
part of our State, had "struck sug
o•ests au editorial in the Hartford Cou
rantt. on the way people " show off "
when they gqt rich. We clip a para
graph:
" When a man has struck ile
by his own perseverance and industry,
we like to seo him use it well, and if
necessary, even for his own enjoyment.
But we want to see him bring up his
children as ho was brought up himself,
to work. Let them be taught to use
their own perseverance and industry
and strike lie for themselves. .It wjll
be of more use to their characterd'and
future destiny than if "Dad" had
struck it for them. Every one who
treads God's earth, and breathes God's
air, should feel it to be a duty to
work—to make the world better for
having lived in it—to be of some use
in his day and generation. Let every
one labor with his mind, if ho does not
with his hands. It is a sin and a shame
for stalwart men and women to fold
up their hands and sit idle, merely be
cause "Dan bets struck ile."
HUNTINGDON, PA., WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 1861.
-PERSEVERE.-
GOOD MORNING
"Oh, I ant eo happy I" a little girl said,
As eke sprang, like it lark, from a low trundle bed;
"'Tie morning—bright morning! :Good morning, papa I
0, giro me one kiss for good morning, mammal
Only Just look at my pretty canary,
Chirping his sweet 'Good mornina.to Nary ;'
The sun Is perping straight into my eyes—
Good morning to you, Mr. Sun, for you rim
Early to evoke my birdie and me, _
And make us happy as happy can be."
"happy you may be, my dent. little girl,"
As the mother struck softly a clustering curl—
" Happy you can be—but think of the One
Who wakened, this morning, both you and the sun."
The girl turned her 'night eyes with a nod :
4 . kb, may I say, then, good morning to Owl 5"
"Yen, little darling one, surely )oft may;
Kneel as you kneel every morning to pray."
Mary knelt solemnly don n, with her eyes
Looking up—earnestly—into the skies.
And two little hands, that were folded together,
Softly she laid on the lap of her mother,
'•Good morning. dear Father In Heaven," she sold,
' I thank thee for watching my snug little bed,
For Lakin good care of me all the dark night,
And waking mo up with the beautiful light;
0, keep MO from minghtluesa all the long day,
Thor Father, who taught little children to pray!"
An angel looked down in the sunshine end smiled,
But else saw• not the angel, that beautiful child!
How an Old Sailor Talked to a Child.
We clip the following from Mrs.
Stowe's Story, now being published in
the New York Independent. It is an
old sailor talking to his grand-daugh
ter :
" Father," said Sally, " how many
things there must be at the bottom of
the sea—so many ships are sunk with
all their fine things on board? Why
don't people contrive some way to go
down and get them?
" They do, child," said Captain Kit
tridgc ; "they have diving bells, and
men go down in 'em with caps over
their faces, and long tubes to got air
through, and they walk about on the
bottom of the ocean."
" Did you ever go down in one, fath
---
Miii
" Why yes, child, to be sure; and
strange enough it was, to be sure.—
There you could see great big sea crit
ters, with ever so many eyes and long
arms, swimming right up to catch you;
and all you could do would be to mud
dy the water on the bottom, so they
could not see you." '
"I never heard of that, Captain Kitt
ridge," said his with, drawing herself
tip with a reproving coolness,
" Wag Miss Kittridge, you han't
heard of everything that ever happened,
though you do know a sight."
" And how does the bottom of the
ocean look, father ?" said Sally.
" Laws, child ! whylrees and bush
es grow there just as they grow on
land; and great plants—blue, and pur
ple, and green, and yellow, and pearls.
I've seen them as big as chippin' birds'
eggs:"
Cap'n Kittridge!" said his wife.
" I have—and big as robins' eggs,
too; but them was off that coast of
Ceylon and Malabar, and way round
under the Equator," said the Captain,
prudently resolved to throw his ro
mance to a sufficient distance.
" It's a pity you did'nt get a few of
them pearls," said his wife, with an
indignant appearance of scorn.
" I did get lots on'em and traded'em
off to the Nabobs in the interior for
Cashmere shawls and India silks and
sich," said the Captain composedly,
" and' brought 'em home and sold 'ern
for a good figure too."
" Oh, father!" said Sally, earnestly,
" I wish you had saved just one or two
for us."
"Laws, child, I wish now I had,"
said the Captain, good-naturedly.—
" Why, when I was in India, I went
ur , in Loekpow, and Benares, and saw
alt the Nabobs and Big-guns—why,
they don't make no more of gold and
silver and precious stones than we do
of the shells we find on the beach.—
Why, I've seen one of them fellers
with a diamond in his turban as big as
my fist."
" Cap'n Kittridge, what are you tel
ling?" said his wino once more.
" Fact—as big as my fist," said the
Captain, obdurately; " and all the
clothes he wore was jist a stiff crust of
pearls and precious stones. I tell you
he looked like something in the Reve
lations—a real New Jerusalem look he
had."
" I call that ar talk wicked, Cap'n
Kittridge, usin' Seriptur, that are way,"
said his wife.
" Why, don't it tell about all sorts of
gold and precious stones in the Reve
lation ?" said the Captain ; " that's all
I meant. Them ar countries off Asia
ain't like our'n—stands to reason they
shouldn't be, thent's Scripture coun
tries, and every thing is different than"
" Father did you ever get any of
these splendid things ?" said Sally.
"Laws, yes, child. Why, I had a
great green ring an emerald, that one
of the princes giv' me, and ever so
many pearls and diamonds. lased to
go with 'em rattlin' loose in my vest
pocket. I was young and gay in them
days, and thought of bringin' of 'em
home for the gals, but somehow I al
ways got opportunities for swoppin' of
em' off for goods and sich. That ar
shawl your mother keeps in her can
fire chist, was what I got for one on
'em.
" Well, well," said Mrs. Kittridge,
" there's never any catchin' you, cause
you've been where we haven't."
A GAB LABOR SAVING MACHINE.-A
new and useful invention is being in
troduced on some of the Eastern Rail
roads, by which travelers can be an
swered a question with which conduc
tors are much bored, viz : " What is
the next station ?" The invention
consists of a table constructed on rol
lers in the same manner as a counting
house calendar, and the conductor by
turning the roller, places the name of
the station before the eyes of the pas
sengers in the car.
ta - r . Wisdom and age go togetbet
--i - 1 . i .., ~:..,.....
‘4llA,.;ffs,ii.-0-j::i:,,,et.. - ,
Poverty Not so Great a Curse.
If there is anything in the world
that a young man should be more
thankful for another, it is poverty
which necessitates his starting in life
under very great disadvantages. Pov
erty is one of the best tests of human
equality in existence. A triumph over
it is like graduating with honor from
West Point. It demonstrates stuff and
stamina. It is a certificate of worthy
labor, creditably performed. A young
man who cannot stand the test, is not
worth anything. lle can never rise
above a drudge or pauper. A young
man cannot feel his will harden, as the
yoke of poverty presses upon him, and"
his pluck rise with every difficulty
poverty throws in his way, may as
well retire into some corner and hide
himself'. Poverty saves a thousand
times more men than it ruins; for it
only ruins those who aro particularly
worth saving, while it saves multitudes
of those whom wealth would have
ruined. If any young man who reads
this is so unfortunate as to be rich, I
give him my pity. I pity you, my
rich young friend, because you are in
danger. You lack stimulus of effort
and excellence, which your poor com
panion possesses. You will be very
apt, if you have a soft place in your
head, to think yourself above him, and
that sort of thing makes you mean,
and injures you. With full pockets
and full stomach, and fine linen and
broadcloth on your back, your heart
and soul plethoric, in the race of your
life, you will find yourself surpassed
by all the poor boys around you, be
fore you know it.
No, my boy, if you are poor, thank
God and take courage; for He intends
to give you a chance to make some
thing of yourself'. If you had plenty
of money, ten chances to one, it would
spoil you for for all useful purposes.—
Do you lack education Have you
been cut short of the text book ?' Re
member that education, like some oth
er things, does not consist in the mul
titude of things a man possesses. What
can you do ? That is the question that
settles the business for you. Do you
know your business? Do you know
men, and how to deal with them ?
Has your mind, by any means what
soever, received that discipline which
gives to its action power and faculty ?
If so, then you aro more of a man, and
a thousand times better educated, than
the one who graduates from college
with his brain full of that which he
cannot apply to the business of life
-the acquisition of which has been in no
sense a disciplinary process as far as
he is concerned. There are very few
men in this world less than thirty
years of age, unmarried, who can af
ford to be rich. One of the greatest
benefits to be reaped from great finan
cial disasters, is the saving a large crop
of young men.— Timothy Titcomb.
Origin of the Gypsies.
The Gypsies are not Egyptians, as is
commonly supposed, but are of the
lowest class of Indians among the es
tates of Ilindostan, commonly called
Pariars, or in Hindostan, Stmdars.—
They are found in Persia, Turkey,
Russia, Hungary, and most of the con
tinental nations, amounting to more
than 700,000 ; they all speak one lan
gunge, differing only in a slight degree
from each other, as the provincial ac
cents of a kingdom may differ, and
and this language is nearly the same,
the Hindostauee. The emigration of
this people from their own country is
attributed to the war of Timour Beg
in India, (408,) at which period their
arrival in Europe is confirmed by his
torical authorities. So cruel was the
conqueror, that 100,000, who surren
dered as slaves, were put to death; in
consequence of which, a universal pan
ic seized the inhabitants, and they fled
in all directions, the Sundars gradual
ly finding their way into Europe. The
features of the Gypsies plainly show
their Eastern origin; but they had so
well contrived to dupe the European
inhabitants that, until the advance
ment of Oriental litorature,their coun
try could never be clearly traced. In
England, where they arrived in the
time of Henry VIII, they met the
taste of the vulgar by pretended skill
in astrology, and the art of palmistry,
bringing With them their native tricks
of juggling. That the Gypsies are of
the race mentioned, can scarcely be
doubted, when we put all the reasons
together for establishing the theory.
The date of the scattering of the Indi
an tribes by Timour Beg, agrees with
that of their emigration to Europe;
their language accords with that of
Hindostanee ; their .persons strongly
resemble the people of that country—
so much so, that the troops of Ilindos
tan struck the British officers with
surprise when they joined their ar
mies, as so nearly resembling these
people, and their customs and mode of
Min every respect aie perfectly in
accordance with those of the Sundars;
both are filthy and disgusting in their
habits; both are given
.to steal; both
dislike to communicate their language
to strangers; they are remarkably fond
of horses; they prefer food killed by
disease; they have similar dances,they
have similar vices, they are alike
wanderers, and are averse to civilized
life; they equally dislike agricultural
pursuits, and practice music, or travel
about with their tinker's tools, ready
to work at every door;, their marriage
customs are similar. The belief that
the Gypsies wore Egyptians arose from
the report circulated by the first of
them, that they were pilgrims from
Egypt. The Gypsies have no partic
ular religion, all professedly conform
ing to that of the countries w . horeThey
dwell, but being for the most part,
destitute of Nth.
Ate- Good is always a seed whose
blossom 1-, beauty.
TERMS, $1,50 a rear in advance
Colorado—Nevada—Dakota.
The bill organizing the Territories
of Colorado, Nevada, and Dakota,
passed both Houses of Congress, and
has been signed by the President.—
This increases the number of the Ter
ritories of the United States to seven,
including the previously existing ones
of Washington, Nebraska, Utah and
New Mexico.
The first of these Territories, Colo
rado, includes parts of Kansas, Ne-_
braska, and Eastern Utah. Its bound
aries run as follows: Beginning at a
point where the 102 d degree of west
longitude from Greenwich crosses the
37th parallel of north latitude, thence
north along said 102 d parallel to where
it intersects the 41st degree of north
latitude, thence west along said line to
the 109th degree of west longitude,
thence south along said line to the 37th
degree of north latitude, thence cast
along the 37th degree of north latitude
to the place of beginning. The Terri
tory contains about 100,000 square
miles, and at this time a population of
some twenty-five thousand persons.—
The Rocky Mountains divide the Ter
ritory into two. parts, westward from
them flowing a large number of rivers,
tributary to the Colorado, and east
ward others equally numerous and
large, tributary to the Arkansas and
South Fork Platte Rivers. It includes
the famous mining region, Pike's Peak,
rich in gold and other metals, cut off
by deserts from the more fertile West
ern States, but destined to be the home
of advancing civilization, and to give
up its treasures at the summons of en
lightened toil.
Nevada is taken from Western Utah
and California. Its boundaries are as
follows : Beginning at the point,of in
tersection of the 42d degree of north
latitude with the 80th degree of longi
tude west from Washington ; thence
running south on the line of the 116th
degree west longitude, until it inter
sects the northern boundary of the
Territory of New Mexico; thence duo
west, to the dividing ridge separating
the waters of Carson Valley from those
that flow into the Pacific; thence on
this dividing ridge northwardly to the
41st degree of north latitude;
thence
duo north to the southern boundary
line of the State of Oregon; thence
duo east to the place of beginning.—
That portion of the Territory within
the present limits of the State of Cali
fornia is not to be included within Ne
vada until the State of California shall
assent to the same by an act irrevoca
ble without the consent of the United
States. The Territory includes the
lovely Carson Valley, the memory of
whose beauty lingers with the traveler
in his journey through arid plains and
over rugged mountains, and whose
wondrous fertility, even under the ru
dest cultivation, shows what may be
expected there when intelligent indus
try has free course. Great mineral
wealth, especially of silver, in which it
is richer than any other part of the
world, and unlimited capacity for the
raising of agricultural products, will
combine at an early day to transform
this region into a rich and populous
State.
general terms, Dakota lies between
latitude 42° 30' and 49' north, and lon
gitude 00° 30' and 103° west. It is
bounded on the north by British
America, east by the States of Minne
sota and lowa, south and west by Ne
braska. Its length from north to south
is 450 miles, its average breadth is
about 200 miles, and it has an area of
70,000 square miles. It was formerly
a part of the Territory of Minnesota,
but was detached when that became a
State. The Indians belonging to the
Yankton, Sissiton and Sioux tribes are
numerous, and live chiefly by the
chase. The Territory includes open,
grassy plains, high-rolling praries, a
great number of lakes and ponds, and
very numerous valuable rivers. The
climate of the south is mild; that of
the north severe, though less so than
might be expected from its high lati
tude. The-land is well timbered, and
the valleys are highly productive.—
Coal abounds in some parts, and other
minerals add wealth to the region,—
The game is plentiful, and of great
value for its furs.
The eager thirst for the precious
metals, which has opened these far
western regions to the white man,
already modified by the discovery that
the labor necessary to obtain the metal
will yield more satisfactory returns
when expended in tilling the soil and
developing the natural resources of
the country, will soon exert only its
proper'influenee i then the natural vig
or of free labor, assisted by the intelli
gently fostering care of an enlightened
Government, will soon i redeem these
noble territories from their wildness,
and legitimately extend by so much
the real area of Freedom.—Tribune. '
FATAL EFFECT OF FORTUNE TELLING.
Conrad Walter, a young man 20 years
of ago committed suicide on 11onday
night, by shooting himself through
the head with a pistol. Deceased liv
ed with his parents, and was always
considered a sober, steady and indus
trious boy. It was given, in evidence
before the jury on Tuesday, that some,
years ago, he went to a fortune, teller
in the city to consult his fate. The
sybil informed him gravely that as
soon as he arrived at the age of 20, he
would die or be killed—that he could
not possibly live to the age of 21, ex
cept, perhaps, in a state of misery and
woe, to which he would prefer death.
Walter was 20 years of age a couple
of weeks since. Happening to be out
of employment at the time, he belipvcd
the prediction of the fortune teller was
about to be verified, if not as,regard
ing his death, at least with regard to
the misery of his life, ,'This, it is
thought, induced him to commit the
act of self-destruction,—('iii. Corn.'
Distress in New York.
The 'Now York Daily News — gives
this sad picture of the distress and suf
fering at this time in the 'great city of
New York. It makes one's,blood run
cold:—
!‘ There is nothing easier than' to:lie
mentally. blind when one . does . riot
want to see. Nor will bue's mortal
eye discover sights if their gaze id, not
turned - in that direction. Walking up
and down :13roadvay foreVer, *Mild
not only enlighten a, man as to 'things
that exist in. other portions of the city,
but would almost induce hini.to .be
lieve that there could not be anything
really miserable where there is so
much pomp. There is 'more wretch
edness in New York to-day than can
be described, Employment ;has . cods ;
ed to furnish the money•fir•:,l4lich
food, clothing and shelter May :be
bought, and ghastly poverty_ stalki
around apartments where plenty was
wont to be. Thousands of, human be
ings are penniless and hungry in our
midst, thousands have barely enough
to procure froM hour to hoUr the lard
necessaries of life; and tens of thous
ands have to deny' themselves'. the
most moderate comforts.
NO. 42.
"All this comes, every . one will tell
you, because of "the bad" imes." The'
" bad times," is the Subject' of conver
sation in lutel and private bouse, in
garret and basement; it. stares at yoU
from shabby houses, empty stores and
closed warehouseS ; it gleams out from
the careworn, staring look of hundreds
who pass you in the street; it calls
forth tears and agony and grief from
broken hearts whose sorrows GOd
alone can see and understand. .Divine
Providence has tempered the Winter
atmosphere, and rendered the pave a
less swift, murderer than it would be
were ice and snow and biting frost to
paralyze the human forms that make
a pillow of it nightly. Oh ! for some
pen to write the painful incidents of
this dreadful season. The broken
spirits, the blighted hopes, the 'blasted
youthfulness that wouid claim record.
" We paint no sensation pintarn.—
Not a night gong by, that respectable,
intelligent men, and often worriOn k tee,
in seedy garb - milts accost 'the passer-
by, with - plaintive supplication's for-th'e
price of a small meal. *" I- bog your
pardon, sir, but I really am faint, >;9p
want of food : would you give me, a
few pence?"' Addresses like this; the
genuineness of which 'a' ' practiCal
townsman appreCiates at once, salute
one's ears - ,by day and night in our
public thoroughfares. Decent persons
in large numbers, to our own knOWI
- apply at private kitchen doors
for relief', and many are known to , be
famishing for want of nonrishment.
Change of Clothing--A Caution.
A medical journal gives some timely
advice which we, commend to all our
readers :
" Don't be in haste to put off woolen
garments in spring. Many - u ' bad
cold,' 6vho ever heard of a - good one?)
rheumatism,
lumbago, and. pains, are
lurking in the, first, sunshiny days,
ready to pounce upon the incautious
victims who have laid aside their de
fensive armor of flannel. Any sudden
changes in the system are attended
with more or less of danger, but the
body can accommodate itself to almost
any condition, provided it be assumed
gradually. The use of flannel guards
against sudden change of temperature.
In a warm day, when , perspiration
flows freely, if it be allowed to pass off
rapidly, the quick evaporation carries
with it much heat from the bOdy, and
a chill- may be produced, followed by
the derangement of some fUnction, he
cold in • the head; or unnatural _dis
charge from the bowels. Flannel con
tains much air in its meshes, and Is
therefore a slow condietor'of cold Or
heat. Evaporation proceeds from 'it
more slowly than from,cotton or linen,
hence it's excellence as a fabric for
clothing. Many persons wear it next
to the skin the year round, and"fid it
a shield against prevalent- complaints
in summer. No general' rule, can .be
given as to this; it must depend upon
the constitution and employment of
the individual. In all cases, hevieVer,
flannel should not ho laid aside until
the weather is settled" permanently
warm—in this latitude usually after
the first of June. The change should
he made in the day,"when the energies
are partly abated, and the air is usual
ly growing cooler. Many a consump
tion Las been contrasted by Undressing
for an evening party. -
SINCIIILAR Cass.—The 'Fori Wayne
(Ind.) Times relates a curious story of
an insane German woman, named Re
bus, who some years since jumped from
the third story of the Insane 116spital,
at Indianapolis, and who, after a long
search, was given up for dead.. About
two years after the supposed death of
his insane wife, Rabus -married-again,
but a few nights ago, the first wife en
tered his residence. She wits- adeom
panied by a young child who had been
born after she became insane, and after
she escaped from the Asylum. Of her
wanderings she bad but an ifidiatinot
recollection. She remembered haNing
waded through swamps and:Woods-An
a she came to a. steamboat, "upon
which she got,- and finally -found her
self in Buffalo, where a physician took
charge of her and succeeded in - curing
her.
TlME.—Time wears slippers of list,
and his tread is noiseless. The-ditY's
come softly dawning, one after another;
they creep in at , the:windoWs:; their
morning air is t'atefpl t 4? the'lips that
pant for it; their music is sweet tithe
ear that listens to it—until, befare"We
know it, a 'shole life of days haS
lioe
session of the citadel,.and time has
taken us for its own. . '
. .
TJUSUS NATUR.E.-A, ;was. re
cently born in Trernpfield ,township,
Westmoreland countyjmYing'lent
_ono
eye, and that situated in'theContre of
the, forehead. There was no pose, nor
any appearance of nasal hones.
mouth wa§ well formed and.where it
should be. The ears were iniperfebtlY
formed, and situated on the eheotr.
*hones; the rest of the body was - Well
ibrmed,
Cowards readily engage in con
tests where all tbe perils are cncoun
lered by the brave.
iler. It is ihr less dangerous to slip
with the foot than with the tottue.;"