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4 THE COMMERCIAL, AGRICUL
TURAL, MANUFACTURING
AND MINING INTERESTS OF
PENNSYLVANIA: HOW CAN
THEY BE PROMOTED ?
Bow Can the Interests of Pennsylvania
Be Promoted ?
The most serious and interesting
topics, concerning both the honor and
the interests of the Commonwealth,
are those which relate to commercial
communications, the development of
our vast natural resources, and our
traffic, domestic and foreign.
It is proposed in this paper to pre
sent to the people of Pennsylvania. a
plan for the removal of the existing
obstructions to the further develop
ment of their resources, and the open
ing of the incalculable but still hidden
treasures of the State.
We ask for it the dispassionate ex
amination of all men whose sober
sense can truly test the questions pre
sented; and its adoption or rejection
according to its absolute merits, apart
from prejudice, passion or party.
It is believed that an arrangement
can be made for developing resources,
and thus increasing the values of vast
portions of the Commonwealth,
which our entire State -debt will be
speedily extinguished, without resort
ing to increased taxation of any kind,
and all the, internal improvements of
Pennsylvania be placed upon an equal
ity, without restrictions to prevent
them from moving the property of our
people at minimum rates.
We find in the present position of
affairs, it is impossible to carry a pound
of freight from the East to the West
or the West to the East, at the actual
cost of transportation—but that the
Commonwealth, having taxed 'the
Pennsylvania railroad company, not
only on its property but on its business,
the company makes that business pay
this tax, so that, in fact, Pennsylvania
levies tribute on her own citizens for
the privilege of using their own road.
Let us enquire then
110 W AND WilY THE TONNAGE TAX WAS
EMI
• The Atlantic slope of the - United
States is separated from the valley of
the Mississippi by the Apalachian
3lountai as, a natural boundary better
defined than those which divide sonic
of the independent nations of Europe.
Two generations ago, some wise men
thought that.a substanthil union bc-
tween these several parts could not be
long continued, and in. others, ambi
tious projects were based on the sup
posed discordant interests of the East
and the West. In fact they presented
narked contrasts in the most material
particulars—climate ; soil, productions,
channels of. communication, origin of
the inhabitants, customs, manners,
la - nguage, laws.
Mr. Jefferson's far-reaching wisdom,
removed, by the purchase of Louisiana,
the chief source of politidaldiscordance;
but the barriers erected by nature still
remained.
Speedy settlement of the West
would probably have been fatal to the
unity of the Republic. Fortunately,
the unfitness of the French and Span
iards for rapid colonizing of the coun
try, combined with minor causes, de
layed the improvement of the lands
drained by the Mississippi and its
tributaries, until time had developed a
surplus population in the East, which
sought the rich alluvial and lime-stone
soils of the West, and infused its own
restless and resistless energy into the
slumbering colonists whom they found
scattered on the margins of the
streams. These emigrants carried also
to their new homes recollections of
those which they had left, and all the
wholesome prejudices of' their early
training. The ties of birth and breed
ing, undivested by change of residence,
impelled them to desire, to contrive,
and -finally to accomplish, means of
communication easier, cheaper, and
speedier than the pack horse, slowly
and painflilly toiling ten to twenty
miles a day over rude paths which
were called. according to their width,
trails or roads.
So, also, with land owners and ex
plorers. They saw_ the boundless
treasures of the virgin soil, anticipated
the time when this profuse bounty of
Providence would become available
for man, and predicted the mighty em
pire—now millions on millions and
still but infancy—destined to supplant
the ferocious savage and the content
ed Frenchman.
But a knew .and said that there
mist be roods. across the mountains.—
The highways of a weary are sure
tests of its civilization, and measure
its progress as a thermometer indicates
temperature. The history- of the
roads across the Alleghenies is the his
tory of the prosperity of the people.—
In the great and beneficent work of
opening these means of intercourse,
States and citizens cordially concurred.'
No short-sighted selfishness threw ob
struction in the way. Bounties were
offered. Taxes were not dreamed of.
He who could have been bold
enough to propose levying a duty on
freight would have been scouted as a
public enemy. The policy of Penn
sylvania especially, indicated the 1 1
wisdom of her thunders. In the
first quarter of the present century.
she subscribed vast sums of money to
turnpikes leading to the West. Her
Franklins, Morris, Clymers, MeKeans
—all the fathers of her freedom, foun
ders of her greatness—had passed
away before the modern contrivance
of taxing civilization by a tonnage
duty was ventured on.
The differences between the savagb
and the citizen arise from, or tend to
wards, separation of individuals. The
former lives by himself and for himself.
Sole despot of his solitary firmly, he
41 50
.10 00
MOMMI
WILLIAM LEWIS, Editor and Proprietor.
VOL, XVI,
knows no community of interest or ac
tion, except as sometimes impelled by
hunger in the chase or ny passion in
war. His wants are few, because his
knowledge is limited. Ile needs, for
his infrequent travel, only the sun, the
stars, the course of streams, to guide
his steps. Roads and intercourse are
inconsistent with his wild independ
ence. Improving on the slow process
of taxation as means of impairing ef
ficacy-, he would at once detiroy what
ho disapproves, and banish road-ma
kers at intolerable nuisances. Tins is
the absolute reign of ignorance and
selfishness.
IVhen the ring of the wood-chopper's
axe resounds through the fbrest, the
rirst blow has been struck for intelli
gence and intercourse. The work
proceeds, houses and barns appear,
fields and pastures teem with grain
and cattle, schools and churches are
built, towns and cities spring up. Du
ring all this, another process has been
going on,
at once dependent upon and
aiding the progress of man from his
lowest to his highest condition—crea
tion of means of mtercuura—nuiluing
bridges, making roads, &c.
11 7 ithout these facilities there cannot
be ready communications, which are
essential to social combination, with
oat which, concentration of effort is
impoz,sitim. rennement results
from this union of many, in their sev
eral parts, for the comfort and conve
nience of all.
As early as 1784, General Washing
' ton wrote to Governor llarrison, in an
ticipation of the trade of the West and
the competition for it: "A people who
are possessed of a spirit of commerce ;
who see and will pursue their advan
tages, may achieve almost any
In tile meantime, under the uncertain
ty of these undertakings, they are
smoothing the roads and paving the
way for the trade of the western
world. That New York will do the
same, no person who knows the temp
er, genius, and policy of these people
can harbor the smallest doubt. Coln
mon policy, therqpre, points clearly and
strongly to the propriety of our enjoying
all the advantages which nature and our
local' situation afford us, and clearly
evinces that unless this spirit could be
totally eradicated in other States as
well as this, and every man be made
to become either a cultivator of the
land or a manutheturer of such articles
as are prompted by necestay, such
stimulus should be employed as will
force this spirit, by showing to our
- cniatiyurctr--th-c-periop 'lra n tasses
we possess beyond others, and the im
portance of being upon au equal-tom
ing with our neighbors."
Time developed this predicted rival
ry of our northern neighbors. The
completion of the Erie Canal gave New
York such supremacy, that Pennsylva
nia was compelled, in self-defence, to
enter on a large scale, upon the con
struction of canals, and subsequently
of railroads. Thus our State debt ex
panded to forty millions.
Our canals, free front taxation, lost
for the State many millions of money
while competing with those of New
York the the commerce of the West;
as is evident from the fact that the
State debt continually increased, while
the very-year after the Jhain Line was
sold, it began to decrease. The disad
vantage of political management was
common to both States; and as our
officers were not less honest and com
petent than theirs,the loss on the ca
nals is to be imputcd totheir peculiar
construction and disadvantage of man
agement, notwithstanchng the rates
highs''
then charged were higher hose
now charged on competing lines. But
the policy which projected and execu
ted these works was sound. Public
credit partially developed the powers
of the Cotumonwealth, and secured
her position as a trading and manufac
turing community. To accomplish
this gigantic result, private capital
was then incompetent. The evil of
the State entering on 'commercial en
terprise was tolerated, rather than in
cur the impending and greater evil of
loss of,commercial equality or ascend
ancy.
The acts for a canal destrOyed the
value or stock in competing turnpike
lines, and the Commonm ealth lost
large amounts which had been thus
invested.
As turnpikes were partially supplan
ted by canals, after a while canals were
still more injuriously affected by rail
roads.
The Erie and New York Central and
the Baltimore and Ohio railroads were
begun, and again the alternative was
presented to Pennsylvania of surren
dering her material prosperity, or of
constructing a railroad, competent to
meet the ardent rivalry of _New York
on the north and Maryland on the
south.
By this time, from causes over which
we throw the charity of silence, our
people were heartily sick of all public
works of improvement by the Com
wealth. To pass a bill through the
Legislature the making a railroad by
the State from Philadelphia to Pitts
burg was impossible. The extremity
was admitted to be embarassing,—some
considered it desperate.
For extrication from this difficulty
we are indebted chiefly to the mingled
pride and patriotism of many citizens
m various parts of the State, of almost
every condition of life, and to the pru
dent councils of the city and districts
of Philadelphia, and the county of Al
legheny. These persons and corpora
tions subscribed enough to commence,
and, by the subsequent aid of loans, to
complete the Pennsylvania railroad.
The charter contained a clause tax
ing all freight carried over the road,
and this, notwithstanding the Pennsyl
vania canals had always been operated
at a sacrifice of money, was the char
ter, which, carried away by instant
desire and expecting speedy relief from
HUNTINGDON, PA., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 20, 1861.
the Legislature. was accepted by the
• projectors of the enterprise. This tax,
modified by subsequent legislation, is
now three mills per ton per mile.
It was said that the tonnage tax was
imposed to protect the canals, and in
deed, as the original tax was only to
be levied from the lbth day of March
to the Ist day of December, that is,
while the canals were open ; but ton
' nage was free of duty all the rest of
the year. that is, while the canals were
closed ; it is plain that this was the os
tensible reason for laying this tax, and
it is equally clear that as the canals,
so fin' as any interest of the State is
concerned, are now, since their sale,
never open, that the sole reason for
the law has ceased. But it could only
effect this by increasing the expense
of transportation by railroad to a rate
exceeding that on the canals ; thus de
feating the very object for which the
railroad was made. The laws of trade
absolute and selfish. No man would
use either the canals or railroad, unless
it was his interest, and. if legislative
incumbranee compelled charges great
er than those on other available lines,
those lines would alone be employed.
Those who had no alternative—our
own people on the line of transport—
would be compelled customers, but mer
chants and others from the West, who
had a choice, would go where they
were best and most cheaply served.—
The necessities of the Commonwealth,
protection of property, her dignity,
supremacy, legislation, could not move
the trader, who had an eye single to
his own service, and cared no more for
one transporter than another—negro
porter or sovereign State, he consider
ed them alike as common carriers.
But we need not pursue this topic,
for all argument drawn from the canals
ended when they were sold.
The reasoning then, if sound before,
had, logically, a reverse application.—
If the object of the tax on the railroad
was to protect the canals, when the
canals no longer needed protection,
the tax should cease, because the rea
son for its imposition had ceased. Es
pecially is this view sound in this case,
inasmuch as the railroad company
having purchased the canals, they
could not need protection against
themselves, and the canals and rail
roads having now a common owner, a
tax on one was a tax on both, and
thus, what was pretended to have been
originally imposed as a virtual pre
mium to the canal, became ultimately
an actual burthen on it.
The Legislature which directed the
[sale of the Main Line of tho nub!' •-
worßsTreco,gmzetttiifs - VieW — b — y - provi
ding, that if the Pennsylvania railroad
company became the purchasers, they
should, under certain contingencies, be
forever discharged and freed from the
tonnage tax and all other taxes, with
certain specified exceptions. The Su
preme Court held that this was too
broad, inasmuch as it amounted to
alienation 'of State sovereignty, and
was void as a contract to bind uture
legislatures. But the legislative dec
laration of public policy, and of what
justice to the company demanded, was
complete, and thus the company pur
chased the canals and connecting rail
roads. An implied moral obligation
therefore rests on the legislature to
carry out, to the extent of their pow
er, the intentions of their predecessors
of 1‘.57, by repealing this tonnage tax,
and the more so, inasmuch as while
the Main Line, under State manage
ment, never yielded a dollar of net re
venue, they now produce since, and
by reason of their sale, an annual re
venue of ti 375,000, so that the Penn
sylvania railroad, so far from injuring
the State works, was the sole means
or giving them any value whatever as
a source of profit.
Few laws, however, affecting large'
interests are passed, except from cliff
event and often discordant motives.—
This case illustrates this truth. For,
while protection of the canal was the
ostensible, and with some the real mo
tive, fbr imposing tax on the railroad
freight, it was but the specious seduc
tion of a Ktlse pretence, the result chief
ly of hostility to Pennsylvania inter
ests. It will be recollected that during
the session of 1840, the Legislature
was distracted by the attempt to pro
cure for the Baltimore and Ohio rail
road, part of which was then in opera
tion and the rest in process of con
struction, the right of way, through
the south-western section of Pennsyl
vania. for a branch of that road from
Cumberland to Pittsburg. This, and
the project of our own road, were ri
vals in the Legislature, and, extraor
dinary as it may seem, the same Sen
ate and House of Representatives
which chartered the Pennsylvania
company, also gave full corporate
rights to the Maryland company in
our territory, and imposed a tax on
the freight business of the former, of
fire mills per ton per
On the 21st of April, 1846, when
the Baltimore act was approved, Har
risburg resounded with the boisterous
acclamations of the Marylanders, who,
aided by the mistaken views of seine
of our own citizens, had laid this great
Commonwealth at the feet of a com
paratively feeble power. It was ex
ultingly proclaimed that now Our
western fields, mines, forests, rivers
and the lakes were all a commercial
part of Maryland, and that the pro-,
duets and people of that region were
tributary to the growing greatness of
a rival, superior in enterprise and en
ergy. They forgot an element of
Pennsylvania character, never obtru
sive, but never wanting when demand
, ed ; solid, steady strength of will,
which, once aroused, moves with silent
effectiveness; sometimes slow, but al
ways sure to accomplish its work.—
This feeling is accompanied by that
liberality which is willing to give to
all our people . and all our neighbors
every reasonable facility not inconsis-
-PERSEVERE.-
tent with the commercial equality
which political justice demands. Fair
play for all parties is the old fashioned
Pennsylvania doctrine; almost unim
pared save by the burthens on the
business of the Pehns,ylvania railroad.
The obstructions placed on our com
pany failed of at least one of their ob
jects. The stock was subscribed and
the road was built through the heart
of Pennsylvania, notwithstanding this
combined opposition.
TERRIBLE LIFE DRAMA.
The Rochester (N. Y.) Express re
lates the following particulars of' a
melancholy drama which has recently
transpired in that city.
Several months ago, a respectable
widow lady removed 10 this city from
Syracuse, accompanied by her children
—her only relativesa boy and two
girls. The eldest of the daughters
was eighteen years of age, and the
son was the youngest of the household.
The girls were well , educated and
handsome, the elder -possessing re
markable personal attractions. She
was of a very passionate temper, and
when roused, extremely wilful and in
tractable. To her brother she was de
votedly attached. He was effeminate
and refined, and fully reciprocated her
affection. They were almost constant
ly together, and seldom went from the
house except in each other's company.
The family had resided in the city
two weeks when the oldest sister and
her brother attended a private party
in the neighborhood of their residence.
They made the acquaintance of a
young gentleman, who impressed the
young lady sfi favorably that he was
permitted to accompany her home.—
Afterwards he called by invitation.—
A friendship was rapidly formed,
which soon generated a still warmer
attachment, and in two weeks from
the date of their acquaintance the par
ties were engaged to be married.—
The young gentleman's impatient ar
dor suggested an immediate union, al
though it it was strongly opposed by the
brother. With a singular foreboding
of misfortune, he earnestly begged his
sister to break the engagement, or at
least to indefinitely postpone its fulfil
ment. But his efforts were unavail
ing. The new comer seemed to have
entirely supplanted him in his sister's
affection, and at the expiration of two
weeks from the date of the engage
ment, the lovers were married.
_Tho bride was imme-.l.iatelv reg l gyvir
•
ly married couple set up for them
selves in another dwelling. They lived
happily for the period of two weeks,
when the wife suddenly announced
her intentiodof visiting it female friend
in Syracuse. Her husband remonstra
ted, and an angry colloquy ensued,
which resulted in the husband's de
claring that she would do so at her
peril, and the wife with equal deter
mination asserting that she would go
immediately, if only to show him that
she could not be intimidated by threats.
Without further altercation, the hus
band went to his customary business,
and on returning, found that his wife
had fulfilled her threat. She had left
an unsealed letter addressed to her
husband, stating that she would return
the day following; that she had gone
solely for the purpose r .sf redeeming
her word, and that she trusted his na
tural complacency, as well as her own,
would be restored by their temporary
separation.
True to her promise, she returned
on the day following, to find that she
had formed a wrong estimate of her
husband's character, and bad strangely
miscalculated the effect of her precipi
tation. Not until she had discovered
that her husband had taken every ar
ticle of his private wardrobe did she
realize that he had deserted her; and
then a brief note was found in place of
her own, solemnly assuring her that
he left her never to return.
The immediate effect of this discov
ery was to awaken the most intense
remorse. She flew to her mother's
house, narrated what had occurred,
and frantically implored her brother to
assist her in restoring her husband.—
The boy had not visited his sister since
her marriage, but her distress moved
him. He manfully declared that he
would find her husband, and compel
him to return ; and, with this determi
nation, though in feeble health, he left
.home on the following day, but he left
never to. return !
-.Within two days succeeding his de
parture the second sister was prostra
ted by a fatal illness, which terminated
in three days. Word was immediately
dispatched to the absent brother in a
neighboring city, where he was sup
posed to be, and the rc turn mail brought
intelligence of his own sudden decease!
This frightful accumulation of discs;
tors fell with crushing effect upon the
deserted wife. Such was the force of
the terrible shock that when the an
nouncement was made she fell sense
less to the floor, and in that condition
was carried to her room. For two
clays she lingered in utter unconscious
ness, and then recovered sufficiently to
converse. As soon, however, as she
appeared to realize what had occurred,
she was thrown into a fit of
which, after a few days, terminated in
her death.
The same remarkable coincidence
we have previously noticed character
ized the date of her decease. It was
just two weeks after the removal of
the family to this city that the fatal
" friendship" was formed, two weeks
subsequent that the lovers' engagement
was made; at the expiiation of two
weeks thereafter that their vows were
consummated at the altar,. two weeks
only that they lived together, and just
two weeks from the date of her hus
band's desertion that the unhappy
wife died.
Utoetrie.
A BEAUTIFUL STORY,
The Green Bay (Wis.) Advocate has
a talented and accomplished lady cor
respondent, who signs herself " Long
a Coining." If she is as beautiful as
some of her productions, we think she
can bear the palm. Here is one of her
last effusions, done up in rhyme, and
a pretty little thing it is. it is enti
tled
THE MOCCASIN PLOWER,
'Twits just one hundred years ago,
down on the little Suamico, a maiden,
on the yellow sands, was tearing, with
her pretty hands, her long and glossy
raven hair. It was a civilized despair;
for, though she knew not " Ovid's Art
of Love," she had a human heart that
loved with more than art; 'twas life—
all that defines that one word, wife—
was gone and blotted from the world;
the star and moon to darkness hurled.
Life ran, an ever-wid'ning river, to
seas where darkness hung forever.—
Flow on, thou careless Suamico, by
golden sands ibrever flow. The hon
ey-suckle, blooming-wild, leans down
to kiss thy wave, beside the Indian
warrior's grave, and there the bride
walks with her lover, under the sum
mer's leafy- cover, under boughs of ver
dant trees that murmur in the even
ing breeze, nor flowers of one hundred
years, can equal now that maiden's
tears, that fell a century ago, and sanc
tified the Suamico.
" But why should maidens thus de
spair t" she said, and smoothed her
raven hair. " I'll follow in the path
less wind, and this dark river leave
behind. Better die in love's endeavor,
than sink in hopelessness forever."
The red stars gleam, the whip-poor
will answers the owl under the hill.—
The snakes are coiled in tangled
swales; the woods seem full of human
wails, and fiends fit for a maiden's
head, and ghostly forms from Which
she fled; and on the lake, the lonely
loon floats by the lilies, where the moon
casts shadows from the tall, dark trees,
while solter-footed than the breeze,
she steals on the hunter's track. The
moon is gone—the night is black; she,
when the east the morn turns gray,
sinks on the hill-side, far away. And
there, beside the bubbling spring,
where overhanging grape vines swing,
she sees the young birds, in the nest,
hide their heads in their mother's
breast. Ali, birds have mates, each
has a home, but love born maids are
doomed to roam. But when morn
pours in its goldenA:l24.,s4Aufladt :
fiTiWifoirlains quiver, for whom she
wept beside the river. Love lent her
wings—away she flew, through noon
day heat and evening dew, and all the
night till the morn, again. Alas, for
stony-hearted men I Love follows
them with bleeding feet, through path
less woods, and in the street—forgives
what cannot be forgiven, and goes to
plead man's cause in Heaven.
Her moccasins are gone; the maid
sinks down where the sun and sha
dow braid a carpet in the noon-day
hours; the crimson drops are on the
flowers; and tears are in the violet's
eyes, and in the scented air she sighs
the last fhint gusts, the fitful breath of
life has blown her on to death. In the
happy hunting grounds above, she
found eternity of love. And now,
where's the maiden trod, -the mocca
sin peeps through the sod. And In
dians say they grow as large as any
maiden s shoe, and they by Indian
maids were worn, when other mocca
sins were torn. Flow on, thou care-
Ices Suamico, by golden sands forever
flow. Take the songs the Wild birds
sing; take these flowers that I fling;
I would your murmuring waters bore
sonic sorrows front this fragrant shore,
that those who mourn upon thy sands,
for hearts grown cold in stranger-lands,
might see the heart of hope float by,
might hail it, in their deep distress,
and on it float to happiness.
NOW IS THE TIME.
Have you anything to do, attend to
it now, Now is the time that you
may call your own, and such acts as
you perform in that time will live after
you, and be your monument. There
is no greater error committed by dila-,
toyy humanity than that of putting off
until to-morrow what should bo clone
to-day. The observance of the ma:K
-ill-18 of Poor Richard has enriched
many a man ,and it is owing to that
as much as anything, that we fre
quently observe the anomaly of one
rich man out of perhaps half a dozen
brothers, all of whom started in the
world with the same apparent advan
tages. Some credit this to "luck," but
the knowing ones say there is no such
thing. What the idle, dilatory, ,or the
improvident style such, is nothing
more or less than the successful carry
ing out of a determined efibrt, which
has probably taken up the best part of
a life-time. Are such efforts, when
successful, to be called nothing but
luck Certainly not among the toil
ers and workers who have their minds
set upon one object, to the attainment
of which they have set apart their best
I energies; for which they are watching
every opportunity, and never let any
thing pass "now" in order to stand a
possible chance of attaining it at some
future period. No, now is the time, if
you want to get rich, go at the work
right off. and allow noticing to come
in bet een you and your object:
16Y. An Illinois editor says he lately
met a man who was carrying his hand
in a sling, and who being inquired of
for the reason, replied that one of the
candidates bad squeezed. it so bard
that he had no feeling in it ever since.
tiel„ The following notice was seen
stuck up some time ago, in a corset
maker's shop window in Glascow:—
" All sorts of ladies stop here."
TERMS, $1,50 a year in advance,
FROM WASHINGTON.
Counting the Electoral Vote by the Sen
ate and House.---Animpressive Scene.
--Lincoln and Hamlin Declared Elec
ted President and Vice President.
WasnmaroN, Feb. 13.
A strong police force was stationed
in various parts of the Capitol this
morning, on the side in which the Hall
of the House of Representatives is lo
cated, and some parts of the building
usually open to visitors were closed.
At an early hour the galleries of the
House, and all passages leading there
to, were densely thronged, in anticipa
tion of the counting of the votes for
President and Vice President of the
United States. Lord Eyons, Mr. Hal
seman, and other foreign ministers,
were among the distingnishsd specta
tors. On no former occasion was
there a more animated and exciting
scene.
HousE.—The proceedings were open
ed with prayer by the Rev. Mr. Stock
ton the Chaplain, in which he said
God bless the outgoing administra
tion, may it close its labors in peace;
without further violence and without
any stain of blood, and we pray fob• the
incoming administration that Thy
blessing may rest on the President
elect in his journey hitherward ; may
Thy good Providence be around and
about him by day and by night,guard
ing and guiding him at every step,and
we pray that he may be peacefully and
happily inaugurated, and afterwards
by pure, wise and prudent counsels he
may administer the government in
such a manner as Thy name may be
glorified and the welfare of the people
advanced, and that our example of eiV
il and religious liberty may be follow
ed in all the world.
Mr. Sherman (Ohio) sent up a letter'
addressed to him from the Secretary
of the Treasury again urging speedy
measures in view of the pressing de
mands upon the Treasury. Mr. Sher
man accordingly reported a bill au
thorizing the President, in place of
any part of the loan, to issue coupon
bonds of a denomination not exceeding
fifty dollars, and bearing not exceeding
six per centum interest, and running
twenty years, and to apply such bonds
at par to the creditors who may re
ceive them, the entire amount not to
exceed that authorized by the recent
loan act. Mr. Sherman, made an ex
planation, showing the importance of
the measure.
ident elect had recently made a decla
ration of war and therefore he (Mr.
Garnett,) would throw every obstacle
in the way of the tyranical and milita
ry despotism about to be inaugurated.
[Suppressed hisses.]
Mr. Sherman said that this govern
ment will pay its debts at the earliest
moment. He moved a suspension of
the rules.
The Speaker said that this was not
now in order.
On motion of Mr. Washburn (Ill.) a
message was ordered to be sent to the
Senate, informing that body that the
House was now waiting to receive
them, so that in joint body the electo
ral votes for President and Vice Pres
ident may be opened and the result
announced.
The Senators preceded by their offi
cers, were announced. The members
of the House immediately arose and re
mained standing till the Senators took
their seats in front of the Clerk's
desk..
Vice President Breckinridge was
conducted to the right of the Speaker,
and the tellers—Senators Trumbull and
Representative Washburn°. of Illinois,
and Phelps—took their seats at the
Clerk's desk.
When order was reqored Vice Pres
ident Breckinriclge rose and said
We have assembled pursuant to the
Constitution, in order that the electo
ral votes may be counted, and the re
sult declared for President and Vice
President for the term commencing
the 4th of March, 1801 ; and it is made
my duty, under the Constitution, to
open the certificates of election in the
presence of the, two houses, and I now
proceed to the performance of that
duty.
Vice President Breatinridge then
opened the package containing the elec
toral vote of Maine and handed it to
the . tellers, when the certificate was
read and the Secretvtry of the Senate
made a note thereof.
The electoral votes of New Hamp
shire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, Vermont and New York
were similarly disposed of.
Mr. Douglas suggested, aed no ob
jections made, that the formal part of
the certificate and the names of the
electors be omitted from the reading.
Tice returns from the various States
were proceeded with, the reading of
the vote of South Carolina being pro
ductive of a good humored excitement.
The reading of the electoral votes was
completed by the Tellers, who reported
the result. Whereupon the Vice Pres
ident,. rising, said:
•
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, having
received a majority of the whole num
ber of electoral votes, is duly elected
President of the United States for the
four years commencing on the 4th of
March, 1801.
He made a similar announcement as
to .Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, for
Vice President.
Condition of the Federal 'Treasury.
WASHINGTON, Feb. 12.—The Secreta
ry of the Treasury in his .letter to
Sherman, which was read in the House
to-day, says the liabilities now due and
to fall due before the 4th of March
next, are nearly ten millions. The ac
cruing revenue will, it is estimated,
nett about two 'millions, leaving eight
millions, to be borrowed.
MOVEMENTS of the PRESIDENT
- ELEDT. '
President LINCOLN left Springfield,
111., for Washington, on the - 11th. - We
have room only for what hie said at
the several cities on his route. Ire
was received by thousands of enthusi
astic people •wherever he made an
hour's stay.
SPEECH OF MR, LINCOLN'
Mr. Lincoln said lie had 'come here
to thank them for the support that
had been given him by Indiana to a
true and just cause. -
In relation to the matter of coercion
and invasion, they are terms now much
used with:temper and hot-blood. Let
us not misunderstand their meaning,
nor the meaning of those who use them.
Let us get their meaning from 'the
men who deprecate the thingd"th'ey
would represent by their Use. ,
What is the meaning of these words ?
Would the marching of an enemy into
South Carolina with hoStile intent,lie
an invasion 'l'think it would, and it
would be coercion also if South Caro
lina was forced to submit; But if the
United States should merely hold and
retake its own forts, and collect its du
ties, or withhold its mails where they
'were habitually violated, would any
or all of these things be invasion or
coercion 7 Do the professional Union
lovers, who are resolved to resist coer
cion, understand such thing's on', the
part of, the United States to be coer
cion or invasion? If they - : do, their
idea of preservation of this .Union is
exceedingly thin and airy. In their
view the Union, as a family relation,
would seem to be no regular marriage,
I but a sort of free love arrangement, to
be maintained by passional attraction.
In what consists the special sacred
ness of a State ? I speak not of the
position assigned to a State in the
Union by the Constitution, for that it
has by the bond we all recogniie.- . --
That position, however, a State cannot
carry out. If a State and the country
possess equal rights in a territory,and
its inhabitants, in what, as a Matter of
principle, is a State better than' the
country ? There would, in . the' ejt
change of names, be an exchange - of
rights. Upon what principle— l -by whit
- rightful principle may a State," being,
no more than one-fiftieth part of the
nation in soil and population, break
up the nation, and then coerce the lar
ger division of itself? What, myste
rious right to play the tyrant is con
ferred on a district of the country,
with its people, by merely calling it a
State ?
NO. 85.
Mr. Lincoln, in conclusion, Said he
was not asserting anything, but only
asking the question tbr them to con
sider, and to decide in their own minds
what was right and what was wrong.
"SPEECH OP MR. LINCOLN.-HE ADDRESSES
HIMSELF TO THE KENTUCKIANS.
Mr. Lincoln then spoke as folloits :
I have spoken but once bbfore this
in Cincinnati., That was a year pre
vious to the late Presidential election.
On that occasion, in a playful manner,
, k l , l -"ivjtk'Rinfrnettglaget4 l :
-..- •
Republicans, would ultimately beat
them as Democrats, but that. they
could postpone that result longer by
nominating Senator Douglas ,fOr "the
Presidency than they could in any
other way. They did not, in any true
sense of the word, nominate Mr. Doug
las, and the result has come certainly
as soon as ever I expected. I also
told them how I expected they would
be treated after they should have been
beaten, and I now wish to - call their
attention to what I then said :
"When we do, as we say we
beat you, you, perhaps, want to knew
what we will do with you. I will tell
you, as far as I am authorized to speak
for the Opposition, what we mean to
do with you. We mean to treat you
as near as we possibly can as Wash
ington, Jefferson and Madison treated
you. We mean to leave you alone,
and in no way to interfere with your
institutions—to abide by all and every
compromise of the Constitution. In a
word—coming back to the original
proposition—to treat you, so far as
degenerate men—if we have degener
ated—may, according to the example
of those noble fathers—Washington,
Jefferson and Madison. We mean to
remember that you are as good as we;
that there is no difference between us,
other than the difference of cir
cumstances. We .mean to recognize
and bear in mind always, that you
have as good hearts iu your bosoms
as other people, or, as we claim to
have, and to treat you accordingly."
Fellow-citizens ofKentuelty-tiiendS
brethren—may I call you such—in my
new position I see no occasion and
I feel no inclination to retrace a word of
this. If it shall not be made good, be
assured that the fault' shall not be
mine.
These remarks were received with
great enthusiasm.
THE SOITTHF,RX.CONGRESS.
A Settlement of the Difficulties with the
11. States Assumed by the Congress.
I`IONTGOMERY, Ala., Feb. 12.—The
standing committees'were announced.
The President read a despatch which
he had received from the LouiSiana
State Convention, cordially approving
of the election of Davis and Stephens.
The designs for the seal and flag of
the Confederacy were referred.
A resolution was offered that, until
otherwise provided, the several officers
of the customs shall be continued in
office. Referred.
A resolotion was offeredand referred,
requesting the committee on Foreign
Aft airs to inquire into the propriety
and necessity of sending commission
ers to the Government of the U. States
as soon as the President is inaugurated.
The Convention then went into so,
cret session, during which the follow
ing resolution was adopted. The 'in
junction of seoresy was removed :
Resolved, That this Government
takes under its charge the questions of
the difficulties now existing between
the sovereign States of this Confedera
cy and the Government of the United
States relating to the occupation of
forts, arsenals, navy-yards,
.and other
public establishments : And the Pres
ident of this Congress is directed to
communicate this resolution to the
Governors of the several States,
Cinoinnati, Ohio