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GATIIERED ON BRANDYWINE BATTLE GROUND
BY MAX. GILE:ENE
WWI, withered Rose !,thy frag,rant leaves
• " Are incense to my pensive soul;
I plucked thee from a grave-strewn bank,
Where limpid waters roll. '
. . .
Thou art a token of the Past,
' - Where-sprang thy parent stock and mine,
A souvenir of that green Bpi:U.— . .
*
- The field of Brandywine. . .
For, one long, tranquil' summer day, •
My fair youn g cousin by my side,
stood on Osbornhill, and roamed
. Down by the silver tide. • '
-An Octagint of mighty years
Had swept 'away with soundless floss',
Since 'on that green anutpleasant field,
Bravo hearts weitftid full low.
We , knelt within the old stone church ;
Strolled o'er the consecrated ground;
We stood where Percy prophesied, -
And by the grassy mound.
We talked of that dark, fearful day,
' :Eventful in our country's lore,
When all the smiling, landscape lay
, Sodden - 11 . 4th Kaman gore.
Wo spoke of our bravo grandsire too,
Who, then a yoimg and vigorous man,
Raged like a lion through the fight,
• The foremost in the van. -
These are the memories linked with thee,
That through my cousin's .soul and mine
Swept like the summer wild wind free,
Sweet Rose ofßrandywine
Nutidanan zt6 NrtchinriVgt.
-'SPEECH OP HON: WM. BIGLER,
. , ,
Delivered at the Great Democratic Rczqfication
iliceting in , lizde:pendenge Square, Pltiladel
.
,phia July 4 , 1856. -
~ . .
It was the remark of ariurainent American
Scholar; that it is one of the God like 'attri
butes of- man's mind that enables him -to
mingle the results of the past, the rcalities.of
the present, and the imaginations of the,fu
tare covering centuries of , the world's' career,
And contemplate the whole scene together ;
and again, that measuring time by the ideas
.Conceived . and the events witnessed, the men
_inodern times enjoy a longevity :equal to
tliat of the Patriarchs of -old. And it has. oc
eurredto my mind, at this -.moment, fellow
Citizens, _that the:scenes about us to-day, the
recollections of thp'past suggested by the toe
easier', the- 'ado's of the 'future which
these seeni-to present, not less than the his
toric voice- of the oration; .fiirnish. a • Striking
illustration of the truth, and ibeinityuf , fee'
Wcinderfur sayings - I , have, quoted:, The;
loWed , .S=iot on_ Which;we stand 'reminds' Us: - of
the Nation's 4 bir th-day,' Of the d aWn of liberty'
and of the: mighty - consequences that 'have
'followed:- The-presence. of . Indeperidonce
Hall suggests to, the mind the scenes- '76,
-the period Whenrour fathers?native and 'for
eign • borh; Protestant and Catholic; seeking
redress for- the oppressed colonies, gathered
within its now- venerablewalls to ciuncil to
(realer for the liberty - and rightS .of all, no
matter whereborn or of what religious belief
Then:it Was-that John Hancock and Samuel
Adams, Of Massachusett,s,_ , Edward Rutledge
and Thomas Heyward of South Carolina, 'Ben
jamin Fianklin, Charles Carrell, Thos. 'Jef
ferson, Roger Sherman,' , and their _glorious
compeers, matured and enunciated those
greattruths -which are still found at the basie
of' our Republican system; .and which re
nounce all government iind taxation, in the
absence of :repreSentation, and proclainied
independence and' selfgorernnient for the
colonies. It'Wns that act and deed that ush
ere4...A.meriea into' the fainily of nations, ,at
-the same time, that it' astonished 'the world by
a new "revelation of liberty, .and of man's nat
ural and inherent rights, fixing new relations'
between the governing and - governed and giv
ing 'effective vitality to the, spirit of civil and
religious freedom. From that time to the
present; those' just and safe axioms have stood
in bold relief; like beacon lights for the&i.d
ance of those entrusted with the helm of
State. BVe. are also reininded. of a scene,
'at
later date, When 'within the 'sound ,of my
voice, George Washington, James MadiSein,-
Charles Pinckney,' Thomas Mifflin, Benjamin
Franklin,, and their associates, devised a
scheme for a union of the States. - , They
,rgreed that the .States should 'compose , one
family, on- terms of perfect-equality; 'each re
maining free - to have its:Own: domestic :insti
tutions, and that new 'States might- Come in,
th&eafter, - on terms of perfect equality—that
the ',government of the States, so united ;
should' exercise only SuchpowersaS were ex
pressly conferred; • end' that -all other -- fioWers
should' resJrved the' people - and to the
! Statei,.. * ' .
' Considered in bearings - upon :the
condition of Mankind, these events hay - es:calve
been,equatedsinee the dawn of-`christianity.
Aside from' the world-wide influence Which
',they have'eiiiirciSed Upon the - cause of civil
and religioud.libeity; - and gerterarprogresS in
all theartiiiif " peace; they suddenly elevated
. a-Young,and dependent ckinitry to' influence
and rieweittiongthe falaily Of 'Netidn.S; and
the American - people to, the' dignitiei 'of self
government- and' the blessings - 'of ;abundance.
Frorn'Airteen. oppreisOCColoniesith IeSS
than. three Millions of inliabitantk tide :have
now , thirty-one SovereignStateS,' , ali teerairig
with - wealth and' elerdents - of "National
greatness; inhabited:by nearly thirty - millions .
of intelligent and'` happy citizens ; with "a
commerce extending 'to • every port "on' the
gra q- - ='-a,:eanyasrs twev Sea—,.-and oure.rep
-:resentatives dilly _considered at. every , Court,
well - Whereliated' loyed.:. And'
this been atconiplishelthioner the light
:of liberty arid its berugn institittiens;') I - 62 has
- heon.tlie/work'of oitrnational - Union f .and , the
, ConSiderecPeompiet:l4 - 7 whichiit is, held
:together.. - Perpetuate :these . relations, and on
the past basis,:-the close of: the present, eat
• tur,y will - find , :the United States - with o, p opal
Jationof Tone,,handred -millions ; .the
..ruoral, - and -lioliticak,.elethents -of National
greatness,: vigorous end pare,The strength
ofoarltepablic, it is manifest, co , nsists largely
*the subslantial interests which eachindi
vidual has in the permanency of:those wise
EISIE
=II
WILLIAM, LEWIS,
VOL. XII.
institutions which `'confer ,reqiiall portions.' of
sovereignty and 'dignity on " the, richest""- and
poorest;: the highest'' and humblest; WhiCh
were baptized in' the blood of .our,revelution
ary struggle . and transmitted - CO us aS a Sacred
legacy by - our• fathers: The is.the
guarantee, for the:Tuture enjoyments of all
these blessings' as it is for the' continued-pi-6g-,
Tess' and" 'prosperity of the' Nation.; - (Ap-
The - Perpetuity of .theSe institutions;
With
their varied and ample blessingi - for the , `AeSe , .
'of" nth*, is our highest duty to * - theWerldj.--,
'dna 'grove-kin:tient - is a - peculiar orte;-' differing
to - a greater . or less" extent' from any be
foundni ancient pr- - inodern. times. 'lt :is"' 'a
representative system which the- •will'of
the governed ie felt," at short interValg"; iii ev-,
,'ery department. The mass 'of the ,people is
recognized' as 'the - proper -:Souree of govern
mental power; and, the ballot bog is the' me-.
dium through whiCh - - the popular will is re
flected: This is-called self-government: Each
citizen, high, or' IoW, rich or poor, has his
"partib. ' the government; endowed with 'high
'privileges and - charged With great responsi
bilities. ' It is - net. only hiS right to vete; but
his ilutJ , :to do so. (ApplauSe.) Under this
System- all measures of government einanate
from the popular will—by it one man is ac
cepted and another rejected ;, one measure 'of
'suStairied and another repudiated.:
'ln the great of giving effect .16 .the,
vital principles of our republic, the Demo
cratic party has been prominent and efficient.
With occasional brief:intervals hasheld
unbroken Sway in. the _Government; and 'the
highest vindication Of its'policy is furnished
in. the unexampled,prosperity of the - 060 - 47.
Hera iS the ready answer to all the allegations
of the opposition. - The tree should. bo Judg
ed by its fruits. -
Besides, its policy and measures have been
uniforialy vindicated by time and experience,
and those, of the opposition condemned. Such
- was. the case as to the acquisition of the ter
ritory of Louisiana and Florida; the, war of
1812;, the annexation of Texas,-' the war
with , Igexice';' the AcqUisition of 'Oalifornia,
'as also with 'regard to a -mammoth Bark. a
Sub - Treasury and the,„ Tariff. Whilst the
'Opposition were its uniformly wrong; as,, in
the ,case of the Alien and Sedition laws, the
. bankrupt act and' the Tariff of 184.2. No
other party' has been. so 'uniformly wrong.—
Had it, been their,purpose to be on the wrong
side-of all questions they could,nothave suc
eeeded se well." - It i 4 almostincredible that
theiti .is not a 'vestige 'Of- their policy to be
-found in-the Government:- And still our 'suc-,
_cess as important, as ever. ,„ - Ferhaps", there
never , Vs-as a time : when the triumph ofi.the
pi 'Was more important than
iioßr, or atinie-whei2iritS mission WaS well
reflected as hilts present contestifor the rights*
of the States against _Abolitionism, and for
civil and religious liberty against Know
.Nothingism.,
We are rapidlyapproaching the Presiden
.tial election, involving the ascendancy of our
party and its principles. When. the day
comes, every man should do his duty. What
ever others may do, as for me and my house
hold, we shall vote for Buchanan and Brock
inridge. (Great applause.), Buchanan is a
distinguished son of our own great State.—
She has often honored him, and he in turn
has- filed to her laurels, and his,election will
-be,Justice to both. (Applause.) For many
years Pennsylvania has sought *distinction
of presenting him to the nation as President
--=her jewel and their hope, for her pride
and their benefit. (Applause.) She was war
ranted in this pretension. Her political and
moral influence in the family of States justi
fied her. She has been a true member of the
Confederacy. 'She has •done what she agreed
to do. • She has ,been faithful to the compact
—to every feature of She has been loyal
in- peace and libt,.ral in war. She has done
justice and promoted peace among her sisters.
She was among the first to ratify the Consti
tution, and she will be the last to violate it.
She possesses the birth-spot of Independence,
the Constitution and the Union, and neither
shall ever die with her consent. (Great ay
plause.) The State House bell that first sig
naled the news that Liberty was born—that
the Convention had done the deed—sounds in
the. ,midst of her metropelis.:_. The funeral
tolls she has sworn neyertehear. (Applause.)
In the:Revolution she - did her 'part. In the
war of 1812, her men and money were freely
tendered. So also in the :war with Mexico.
Central in Geographical position, she has al
ways been so in the,confidence and ,affections
of the family. (Applause.) Unequaled in
'the extent and, variety of her. industrial ',pur
suits, as in her natural. elements, of greatness,
wealth and power:. - 'Second : . only- to one of
her sisters in the Lumber of her population,
and to none in moral.and pplitieal greatness,
in her love of country and sense .of justice.
She haS always been true to the Constitution.
In future she will go fir those - who go for the
Union,; she will despise those who trample
- ort:the rights of any section. (Applanse,)—
And ~yet she has _neyfer,,,up_ to, tins eightieth
year of the nation's age, been honoredd-with
:the Presidency,, in,the person of one of her
'own citizens: • The Southern, States have had
nine ; those on the ;East of-her three.:'and:on
the West four---slie none ; What ,Penpsylva- •
nian can. look upon- this picture; and :then
-raise. big :voice against the proffered benox:
~.11ut.the. inclination, to .honor the State was
:_not_the only consideration_that operated upon
,thenorhinating convention., Mr. Buqm . rtan
-presented ..atfractiona.., I. ,believe he , would
have been nominated irrespective of his local
:residence. ,Theexigencies seerned,to call'for
lira.. His long - experience, his clear and
cairn judgment, „and steady. firmness„ • so , of
:ten evincedAn
: trying times, designated' him.
He ,had been .schooled uz the3most difficult or
deals of the past : had dra,woiislessonsfrom.
Madison and. Jackson, enjoyed dempan
-ionship and example of Clay..:and Webster,
Calhoun and King; Wright and" Polk. Since .
1814 he , has,; with : brief intervals; served the
and.- : e k xcelled, .every position s: ? - In
„ Cengress, ; the Cabinet, and at : foreign -
• Courts.. . ; 'hen Jackson's naniawas,present
md: to the:people, Buchanan took the lead.—
.(APPIAUsei) • When the -.attempt was
,made.
to cheat, the old hero after he had, the most
MI
111
MG
,
So much for the Democratic, now for the
- other side. And here lam at fault, for lam
not certain that I can call to mind the fright
ful array of candidates and the isms they
represent. First, then, is Col. Fremont and
Mr. Dayton representing sectional or Black
Republicanism ; next stands -Millard Fill
more, administrator de bonis non of the. de
ceased Whig party, with Andrew Jackson
Donelson. for Vice President, representing
National Know-Nothingian ; then comes Com
modore Stockton and Kenneth Rayner, the
embodiment of refractory Americanism, and
last, but not least, stands'Gerret Smith and
Mr. 'McFarlane disciplesi-of intensified Aboli
tionism. . Therithere is Maine-lawisra,
.Spir
itualism,-Womans rightiim, and other isms
to be equally apportioned. Differing as to
many things, these parties and. elements unite
in, one common bond Of hostility to the Dem
ocracy. -Dissimilar in faith and form -they
_readily fraternize on the Platforta„ of place
and power. You mistake my purpose, how
ever, very much fellow:citizens, if you, sup
pose that I intend to. dissect this frightful
army of candidates and. their appurtenances:
I shall look after Col. Fremont briefly,, ,and
he only; • "as for Mr. Fillniore,it is
,e,vident
.that he has no available party in this aection
of the Union.. " Wellnow as to :this Republi
can Candidate : who can • tel me why 'he was
nominated. I - have looked. in vain, for, one
good reason. Is he a statesman? 'that are,
and what haye been. hi& views on great ques
tions of domestic or foreign policy? What
great raeasiire- did• he - eier - propose?. :What
views on political economy has, he. given- to
the world ?, .Wheaand wpere did he study
the science, of Governnient ? Where is his
record ? Where'. can 'we find the eiidences
that , he is - fit to be a suocessor to - George
Washington 'What . has 'hp clone
. for the,
Nation to-give.hino claim to this world-wide
distinction? What act' of his life entitles
:him to so large a share of public confidence ?
What battles - has he fought and victories:won?
On what meat cloth this our Casar feed, that
'he has' grown
,So great?"-" .Can qiis r .frientis
answer ? They may have' hidden reasons,
but it'is time they -were developed. , Perhaps
they solightu hero without scars and &States- .
iniate without- a:record. Perhaps they Knight
exiiptyivessel in . ..which . to: , deposit -all -,tho,
.isms.:: ;Perhaps the RepUblie,an, party,' just . ,
starting out:. on. geographical ,principles; :not,,
certain - what routs , tor take - ,:and'.'where,to go,'„
have. concluded -that they.would need an en
gineer_.—,that.;as,they :do not -go by principles
they. had , better go-by the compass. And
having heard 'that Col; Freinont.had traced
the Sinuositus :of , the...,sides.and- sealed the
heights of- the' rooky - raountoin.' and, found a
bturible bee on wind. gaprarige, just the.
man for, the emergency. It is true that, Col.
'F. did cross these . mountains •under .the;_pat
.ranage, protectiori - and pay of the G-CY,eiiment,
but it is equally : ttie that, othfir
• i,i , rien'did ; the
same
thing on their own resp6usibility; and
they do not ask to be President.. K t it'Carson.i
'was immense - in this way and yet he-is not
even out for Vice President. It is 'alsci tria
-that Col: F. :perforined certain brilliant' eats
in California, about the time of its acquisition,
=I
- - .
votes, - Mr. Buchanan resisted the "•schenie..4---
When JacksOn •put hiS heel-on the Bank, Bu
chanan helped- him (tokeep.it`there.' , 14-
plause.) --When-the old hero saidthe,Prench
must pay ,or:' - fight, Buchinan.stood by him.
When, in 1841, the opposition passed the
Bankrupt act, Mr:Buchanan resisted it and
foretold its frightful consequences. 'When at
the same session, they attempted. to -abolish
the SubareaPury:.....and substitute a • Filcal
Agency, Mr._ Buchanan resisted them. When
about the same.tinie ;they taught heresies. 'on
the sUbject of the currency and,the= revenue
laws,' powerful' arguments, so. - strikingly .
sanctioned by, experience, defeated their pur-;:
poses. , When it was Rroposed to - amiex, Tex
- as, Buchanan. judged rightly; and went for it,
When our difficulties with- Mexico presented
themselves; -Old Buck ,, was' - for ,; fight He
counselled wisely throughent the struggle k --
When it was 'proposed -to restrict ilieoecu
pancy of the 'temtories, 's - o
as - to keep , thp'
people, of one
,section of the country Out,
Buchanan opposed tbe movement. • 'When at
the. Court of St. Janies, John Bull.wanted to
dictate his,toilet,, Old-Buck went to the Court
with, his own ,coat and breeches on.' When
Lord Palmerston wanted to - 'cheat us under
the Clayton and Bnlwer Treaty, Mr. Bnchanan
soaked his false logic, and then Wiped,it4it.
I tell you more that he did. When. the com
promise measures of 1850 were adopted;-
took the stump and sustained, them.. I stood
by him many a, hot day, while hedemonstra-.
ted the coxistibitionalityof the Pugithre Slave
Law, and endeavored to convince the people
that those -measures should be finality en
every point to Which they referred. 'Amongst
the rest; that the people of the Territories
should' settle the slavery question 'to suit
themselves. That was my doctrine in that
terrrible campaign, and I know that we
agreed. When bogus Americanism first start
ed, his • sagacious mind at once detected and.
exposed its fallacies. I can tell you what he
did beside. When he was defeated. for the
Presidential nomination in 1848, he support
ed his successful. competitor, Gen. Cass ;
- when, in 1852, his claims were again defer
red, he took the stump for General. Pierce. =
You will all remember that when Thaddeus
Stevens and Joseph Ritner re-chartered. the
Bank, Mr. Buchanan said it was rotten, and
when the same
- party attempted - to reclaim
with cartridge box what they had lost 'at - the
ballot box, and usurp the Government, , hi.r.
Buchanan met theta on-the' threshhold.
has done many good things, and when he is
President he will do more.
-His companion, -Mr.- Rreckinridge,is
that we could.desixe.'_, Heis a ~dislinguished
andfavorite . son of Kentucky. , Though ,quite
yoang,-he hasmade . his mark both as a sol
dier 'and as Inthe field iliac]. in
Congress he was alike admired. His short
career in the House of Representatives has
served to distinguish him as a man of great
powers of mind, and as a statesman of en
larged views, as a high toned gentleman and
fine scholar. •He will preside over the Sen
ate with dignity, and be the hope of the na
tion should the first office be vacated-by death
or otherwise.
..,—,pEnsETtratE.—
r ! -
111J - N .' "TIN ' GD9NiiP,Siii, JULY; .. 239'. .1.84.-
=
for *lnch he Was Court; Martaallecl and found
guilty on every' connt; it alsci appears that
'he represented that State in the.auted States
Senate for a brief period, and was 'relieved
front• further service, at the next.election, by
aliaost common' consent., But these things
'furnish reason for '_. tasking:him President.
;But be' the, reasons what they may, I shall
miss my 'gness if his' friends be_not in, the
:pOSition of. he Western traveler in the choice
of bad roads, wishing they had taken . moth
-Cr; 'before they get to the end of the race; and
shall rnisS it still farther if .the Colonel does
'not find-it more dificailt to diseover a pass to
the White House,. than one over the Rocky
Motintains. I mean: no unkindness to Col.
'Fremont. 'lle is doubtleisla very good , man
in his way, and_ quite 'eminent, in his science,
'.b4t mathematics is not the only qualification
for the Presidency,. Thescience of Govern
atient is a different and far more dlificUlt study.
It would be no more absuid.to 'employ a black
'smith to make 'a gold watch or a. lawyer to
;expound the'gospel, than to select an engi
neer to act as' Chief Magistrate. But seri
ously, gentlemen, is there one marl- in this
Vast assembly. who Can look - another' in the
fade, and say that 'Col. Fremont' is the man
who should hive the direction of our National
affairs at this critical juncture, in these times
of foreign and' domeStic trouble—l do not be
lieve any man will. say this, = The idea is eh!
,
But I object to Mr.' Fremont on other
groUnds. 'He- has - been
,presented 'dud is
supported as a sectional candidate. He was
nominated by the : Northern and _Eastern.
States, and not one paper or public man, so
far. as my knowledge goes, has, come out for
him in the South., . In form e and in spirit,
therefore; his 'nomination was sectional.
am no alarmist, for I have great confidence
in 'the sober judgment of the people,, but I
• cannot close my eyes to the dangerous ten
dencies of geographical parties. Ftom their
very nature they must beget discOntent and
suggest separation. It is the first time that
a candidate of respectable strength has been
presented onzectional ideas. Should he be
elected, he will be the Preiident of a section
and the benefactor of a faction. He can
not represent truly the whole nation. He
will be under obligations to one section
only. The slameholding States have no part
or lot in his administration. His advisers
will - be from one section. ,The honors and
emoluments of the govern:merit would be
conferred' upon' that section, and •the South
be excluded. It has been the usage 'of par
ties to.Aaim the patronage for their friends,
, and it Will not be pretended that Col. F. is
the man to rise aboye the rule. 'But the
whole idea is wrong; it' is in conflict with
the genius' of our institutions, which is in
tended equality for all the States. It is .at
variance with
~ the duties -
.to be peformed
and the obligations to be• assumed. The
certain tendencies being to alienate the feel
ings of the people of one section from those
of the other, and to embitter the channels of
national intercourse—to weaken the ties
which bind the States together. Nor will it
do point to the Fremont 'platform and say
that it declares' for the Union. The party
' triumphant upon sectional grounds ' North
ern or Southern; might prate , about the
Union, but disaffection would come from the
defeated section, the people of which, feel
ing that they were no longer equal; under
the . Constitution, would claim their right to
demand a release from all, its obligations.
Washington foresaw the danger,. and ad
monition should not be hghtly,„heecled.
Much as I admire - Mr. Buchanan, could
not vote for him as a. sectional candidate.
But now for Kansas question, and the
course 'of the Republican or Fremont party.
Ever since the commencement of the present
session, of Congress the whole country has
been "agitated, deeply and violently agitated,
concerning the' state of society in Kansas.
The most accomplished artists of the Repub
lican party have painted the startling pic
ture froth time to time. That the simple re
flection of the truth would have made a pic
ture dark enough, no one can doubt;_ but
,that these gentlemen, for purposes of their
have
just
the deepest shade practi
cable, 'is - as evident.We have been
told- by the Republican ()raters in Congress,
on the rostrum' and in the pulpit, that the
'people of Missouri had invaded the TerriL
tory, and,controlled
.. the 'elections for mem
bers ofth Legislature held'in'March, 1855;
that' the kree-State men had been ,driven
from tlui ... pcolls; that the governtrita'ntAad
been:usued by mere brute force; that the
laws of; Kansas were not valid laws; that
The people' would and should resist them;
that anarchy,reigned in Kansas; that arsons
'and ' niiiiders were invoked to serve•the 'ends
of elavery , ;, that finally XanStis and liberty
'lay 'bleeding at the feet of the border ruffians,'
'and that the• whole country was on the verge
of:civil - war. H_ ere" is a ; picture;, pow;what
remedy did 'the Republican Representatives
in . Congress
,propose. Did they ask a legal
and just . measure of reform? no means,
but with denuncia,tion against
I,the - lawlesS 'authorities of - Kansas still fresh
on their lips; they' beciine the advocates of
the Topeka •Convention and 'the' State:Gen
' Stitu.tion framed by that - body,' a movement'
'admittedly',. - without law, 'and in contraven
tion of la* ,and in menace, of the' Govern
_
ment. theix seeming reverence ,for"
the laW, they . could'advocate a revolutionary.;
step'. taken defiance .of the Government.
,'We were told that the admission of Kansas
as a State, 'wait 'the' - only . remedy' Oilier'
evils; the, only - , Triode 'of quieting the public
~mind and averting 061 wIl - x in • the , Territory.,
Well, gentlemen, it, had became apparent,
to all, that some effective and - fmal - rneasure
of pacification was Jleatiarided by the best - in:
terest, riot only - of-Kansas, but 'of the whole
nation;:. that , . whilst the -laws of the' local
were,tec,lmically .legal, the right
•of suffrage had been abused in selopting the
members, `anit'that many of '.the Statutes
'were oppressive'and unjust; and conflict
;with the Constitution, and: the original Nan
-84-ts Nebraska act.
With a view-to meet - these difficulties, • Mr..
Toombs, a Southern Senator,- about ten,days_
since, introduced a hill 'providing for-
,the
,
111
- -
prompt admission of 'Kansas as a State.
His proposition was referred -,to the Territo
rial Committee,, and reported. to . the Senate
on Monday last, by Douglas, and
Wednesday fixed for a vete. ,
That bill provides that the present, - inhab
jtants' may; elect delegates to- a Convention
to-meet in November next, to feria a 'consti
tution, preparatorY to adlnission as a State;
that alaoard of five commissioners , should be
. appointe,d. - by, the President, to repair to the
Territory . , to superintend the election 'of
'delegate.s; to, make an enumeration of, the
legal voters; and. put Up a list of voters at
every. District;, and that only those who 'are
now an the Territory, and, those Who may
have left on business,, or_ because of the sad
state Of the, society, shall vote.—The Jaw
throws ample . gnards about the ballot box,
by heavy penalties against illegal voting or
violent efforts, to interfere with the right - of
suffrage,;it also annuls all the- Territerial
statutes subversive of ills_ liberty of speech
aid the - freedom of the press, and those
requiring an', oath
.of . fidelity to the, Fugi
tive' Slave Taw as a Qualification for a vo
ter ; and 'other absurd
: provisions. These
statutes being inconsistent with the Consti
tution and the organic law o are clearly with
in the scope„of the Congressional Correction, I
- without - mtefering with the 'doctrineof non
intervention, for the 'Kansas. law provides,
that the, action of the territorial legislature
Shall be confined "to rightful subjects of
legislation." :Here, then, wits a, measusre
of peace and law, the : pronipt admission of I
Kansas as a, State, irrespectite of her
decision on the Slavery: question. Its vital
objects being to :terminate at once all motive
on the part of outsiders to force temnorary
population into the territory, with a view to
control its policy on the Slavery question.
What followed?
,Diddle Ronublican Sen
ators- support this measure?
_Did they accept
this preposition to bring Kansas in as a State?
By no means; to my amazement it met their
violent resistance. The first demonstration
came from the, Sentthir from Massachusetts,
Mr. Wilson, who proposed to strike out the
entire bill, and assert a section, simply re
pealing all the laws of Kansas; substituting
anarchy for the admission of the Territory
as a State. The Senator from New : York, Mr.
Seward, the leader and intellect of that party,
still instated. Upon the Topeka Constitution.
In the face of all his anathemas against the
lawless authorities in ICanstis, _ he voted' to
sanction a measure wanting in the slightest
Caning of authority, and which had been
brought forth in defiance of the lair- and its,
Officers,' and what is SUprising, - , - in addition,
his course seems to be santioned by the entire
Republican- press, headed by that common
fountain of fanaticisms, falsehoods and va
garies, the New York Tribitne. The Senator
from New 'Hampshire, Mr. Hale, proposed
to strike out the fourth of July, 1856, as the
time that the law should take - effect, and in
sert July, 18,57, so that the strife in Kansas
Might last a - year longer, that bleeding Ka,n
sas, . for whose people so many crocadile
tears has-been shed, might bleed on. They
first objected that the local laws forbid and
punished free discussion, and thus the slave
ry men had the advantage; then, the bill was
amended, as had been agreed upon by the
committee, so as to annul all such laws. The
next objection was, that the Free State men
had been driven from the Territory, and the
frieads of slavery would have - things all their
own way;' then the bill was so 'amended as to
ogiveall former citizens the oppertunity to re
turn and participate in the election. The next
plea was that the intention and effect was to
bring Kansas in as a Slave State. 'The an
swer was no; it, provides that the unrestrained
'will of the bona, fide citizens` shall settle that
piestion, and that the objection could not
properly. come - from - the Republican side be
cause they uniformely claimed that . a very
large majority of the settlers are against slav
ery, and that. all they sought was a fair ex
pression ofporailar will. But reason was
powerless. 'They resisted to the end, and fi
nally the bill passed 'at - the end of a 'session
of twenty one hours, by a vote of 33 to 12.
Within a few hours,after, the House passed
a bill admitting Kangas under the Topeka
Constitution, and thus the issue is fairly made
tip. The Demeerats are 'for bringing in Kan
sas by the straight way and under the au
spices.of the law; the RepubliCans insist upon
her admission by the crooked :way, a way
tarnished;-by violence and revolution. The ,
Dem,oerat& contend fora., Constitution to be
made by the whole , people, through apure
ballot box; the Republicans, for omynade by
a party.without the agency of law or Of the
'ballot box. ye between us,
, Butit is said the Jude- h.an sas tronbleshove pro* dedfrom the leoislation of 1554--,that the doc
trine of nonineerventien has failed, land the
Democracy are responsible; This is the best
our,enemies can do, but it is,bad logic. It is
a have
answer to,say, in reply, that we
have ha.d peacoand quiet in Nebiaska, as .we
have, had also,in Utah and New Mexico—all
organized on the doctrine of-non-intervention.
The difficulties in Kansas 'were the inevitable
consequences Of - the, nage offiCiousness of
outsiders. Fanatical Abolitignists on one hand
andfire-eating sontherners. on the other.
Thepreisand
. the pqlpit have pointed - to,
KansaS as a land 'of battle-field for the Slav:,
ery, - and antia9lOyery feeling of the wlrtole
country; and invited people to go* there' and
fight it out, Men nnsetteld In their pur.
poses : and Without fixed principles have_
be . en sent into the, Terrilory, stiiimlated 2 with
prejudiees and armed with' deadly weapons,
to , detorrnine
_a question of 'ideal policy..
What oeuld we expect short 'Of lawless vie-,
lonee,. The agency the 'lo.lpit 'has :had ;
'this - work meets_ my Unqualified condemnation.: .
cannot: see :Why the, temples - that Wero
cleared • of. theMOney;.changers should be
pollitte&With piestion of bitter partizan:
ship and of 'popnlating the Territories. To ex,
pound tho Gospel is a Work which should be
•nqual to any Man's - ambition; and the dise.
sentination 'of its truths.is just, the host way
possible to, constrain statesmen as well as the
- people, to do what is right in the Territories
as well. as in. the States.
'But these conflicts are not . , fatal to the
theory of the. law--to 'the doPtrine of
NE
Editor and Proprietor.
NO. 5.
el
goverment. It is-a principle indicatedby
experience.. It is' suited to all territories and
all ages; as broad as, the, universe and as
imperishable as the mountains. Its appli
• -cation to the question of Slavery in the Ter
ritories, -was- intended as a finality.
,Whit
-ever the powers of Congress May be, it-was
polite and wise to forego its use arid' trust the
tie
with the - .people. For
-one - 1,,, regard
the - policy as settled for ever, .and thatheres
after - the people' of the, territories ;through
their-local legislature areto control the ques
tion of Slavery, in ttheir own Way; 'and-why
should they not'be •ipermitted to do this?--
'Many of myforiner neighberi are now in the
'territories ; arid;it ftvould seen 'firreiaortable,
that I should Claim the right totlegislate for
them. - Certainly I-am not-so, Competent to
judge as they. There is not-bray beauty'
this theory, but there is-prileticaljtatice ni
it. A man looses none of his'.natitraleei
herent rights by - Changing his residenee - froni
a, State to a Territory:. - The sovereigntYnot
delegated to the General- Government accent
' panies him, in fuliforee'and ctiti
see ' but two sources of power to Legislate - for,
the Territory; Congress is one and -the people
the other; and I hold that when Congress ex
pressly confers upon the people all its powers;
as in the-case of the Kansas law;thatthe-laW
mkaing power of the p eople is completc-e - qu al,
to any subject of:local. legislation. The prac t
ticalworkings: being to-the effect; • that as the .
people when they become a State' hive per
fect,ctintrol over the subject' of Slavery, they .
should -have it as a Territory. :For the, -par,
poses of excitement, however; the iitipression
' has been strengthened, that the - policy-of the .
Territory on the question, is' o be permanent s
ly settled by an incipent step. Such is not a
correct view.- The question like any other, will
at times be • within the control of the people.'
Should - Kansas come into the Union as a,Free
State - ,- and the people could afterwards esteh,
fish Slavery, and lice versa!: .
On the.general subject of Slavery I have
often given _my views.. I do not know why
Providence in his wisdom permitted the Alt
rican - to find his way to • - thie- Continent -nor
- - velnt England was induced - to fasten the - -instis
tution of Slavery upon: the; Colonies, can-.
not tell what God may intend to bring out-of
the relations.now existing'between the races
in our country t but this I• do know, that,
when .the _Constitution was agreed upon-be
tween the States, each being sovereign _ and;
independent, Slavery: was recognized in the
2d.section of the first article as to: the ratio:.
of Representation in Congress, and - in the
2d section of the fourth - article as to the ren
dition of fugitives from labor. That after
the fullest-deliberation, the Convention, with'
_Washington at its head, agresd to tolerate
and protect the institution. I know .tho, that
when a compact is made between equal and.
independent parties, it is (rood morals and
_good faith to carryit out. Xud still the in;
stitution' so established is a constant theme of
agitation. The most • fanatical abolitionists
-dare _ not deny that it is the right of. a State,
to have it or not, and that no outside -power
can rightfully interfere; still a war of-crimi
nation-and recrimination has been' kept up.
The motives of the. Southern people in
Zug it, have been subject to the most unchari;
table criticisms,- Whilst in turn, 'assaults of
equal-violence have been made upon North
ern onen and their motives, all tending to an
alienation of the people front each other and'
to prepare them for violent separation. Frord
my boyhood, and in-my very, heart, I have
deprecated these -mutual dissentious, because,
they can do_ no possible good : te either : white
or colored race;; their tendencies are to .evil
and to evil only. They may hazard, as I
fear they -do hazard, the peace and best in
terests of twenty-five millions of white citi-,
zens, without the possibility of improving the,
condition of the three millions of the colored;
race. It is astonishing that even fanaticism
—inveterate fanaticism—should sanction;
practices so unwise, and efforts so directly in.
controvehtion of the Constitution, and so
wasteful of the heritage which it vouchsafes
to all. The abolition-presses teem wiith the.
most vile execrations of an evil which they,
cannot. avert, - and
_their orators enunciate:
sentiments full of treason. Wendell -Phil
lips, for instance, declared in a convention tit,
•New York—" The only remedy for the slave
is the destruction of the Government."' "I:
challenge any man to tell me what the Union'
has done for us." 'Lloyd Garrison, at.-the
same convention : proposed to resolve "That;
the one grand vital issue to be made with the'.
Slave power, is the dissolution of the existing
American Union." Henry C. - Wright sai4
like.' the resolution very nnich.!' use
don't care the snap of, my finger for the Con
stitutiene when the question of - slavery is to
be concerned. The only thing of iniportance
is that.the mass or - the people venerate,thel -
Constitution.
,-• We should endeavor to do
away with this. thank GOd that I ana,et
traitor to that Constitution." - Edmund Quin
cy, on the same occasion; said, that, "the
Constitution displayed the ingenuity of the'
very -devil, and that the Union ought to be
dissolved." - Wade, now a Republican
Senator from.; Ohio,, in a speech to the people,
of. Maine, in- August 1855 - ; deiniiinced'. the
slaveholdere as a f thanciful of aristocrats,';
.
and the system as one of outrage, aggression'
I and wrong; that its very life; its being, is an'
' .outrage,
: and , that the in, Fugitive
Slave - 14w should be repealed." Itlr. S.ewaict'
.in a speech -made .at ; Buffalo, in-October last,
speaking of society in the 'Slave States,.
saYS';
that .`.`.the non-slave holder in the Slave States:
States
is allowed no. : independence, no •neutrality ;-
whilst pistols and knives en - force not merely,
their silence, but their actual parthershi_p,fon
Slavery,fl. - • , - -
. - Mr.,Sewardin the Senate, on last
nesday r -clecl , m-rd • with great earnestness of ;
manner, that - ofthe day for emiipretnides
_had'
gone by." Mr Surimer,• Of_ Nass4cliFtsetts,
in November last, at 80 - storii•s,aicl 'lt-,is; - an
odious beyotal‘preeedente
less, grasping, - tyrannical; careless- of hu
manity, right or .the piiiis4tutip x l ; :stuck to-,
gether _only by a confederacy
The Boston :Liberator, of.th*litUthn
says: "The United States Coriititti,tionis a
covenant with the .deyli e t gird "an
,gicpernent
-with and again, that "the Duly issue'
is;,thp aissolution of the Union." The /%71, , ,
I r f-irk. Standard is but little leis violent,, and, -
the - .7 l ribittzeis vigilant inits Work of fanning'
the flames. Ne men can notice these thinga-
without feeling thatwehave fallen upon ems":
times.
But let us - turn from these: disgusting ins
eeniliarisms ; and • read-. our -clpty, on.the sub
ject of _Federal- relations,-, air prespritedeby
Pashingtoin,: in hialastaddress,_ : Atis says
-"It is of - infinite - monnent that e yentr r e4l;lll . l4f
:prop erly. estimetp' the:Valna ofypiir N'ational
pruon,.,•to your -Rud•bollociairs hap,'
ha; that xOu. should. -plapriska pordial,
habitual; an. 4 nm, uoyeable catchment tte it:
--,accustoming,yoUrsplVes t te t4iluk gi.d speak
of.it es a. speliadiam -of 4*lhtloa,l : safqty .
awl prosperity ; e watching for..its .preeWas ,
lion., with. zealous aniciety;, diseo4ntenoa . toing.
Whatever may suggest even a s - U.SpiCion. 'that
it can in- any, event be abandoned, and indig , t
- nantly frowning upon the first ; dawning of
any attempt to alienate any portion 1.441,