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A veikaivei
of a new war scare in North China.
Sometimes it is not merely a scare,
but an actual war, even as today,
whether war has been officially
“declared’’ or not.
Always upon the Chinese who op-
pose her gradual expansion, Japan
wreaks a vengeance which to us
across the Pacific often seems all
out of proportion to the ‘“‘aggres-
sion’ committed by opposing her.
But after each of these retributions
flames clear away, to have as-
sumed domination even actual
control over one more piece of ter-
ritory.
Just how much more her influ-
ence will be extended after the
present conflict has died out it is
impossible to say
depend upon the degree of
gition she meets. If the Chinese
national government at Nanking,
under the dictatorship of Gen. Chi-
ang Kai-shek, decides to let the
or
burden of defense, Japan will prob-
er the Peiping-Tientsin area
part of the province of Chahar. If,
to come en masse to the aid of the
twenty-ninth army, Japan may at-
degree.
would probably extend her domi-
nance throughout all the five north-
ern provinces and virtually all of
China south of the Yellow river
valley.
Japan's Westward March,
If Chiang Kai-shek does throw the
full strength of China at Japan, it
will be a fight to the death. For
the Japanese are full of that
strange oriental pride which per-
mits no loss of prestige. They will
fight China to the bitter end be-
fore they will submit to a compro-
mise on their demands. ‘‘Death be-
fore dishonor!’ is more than a slo-
gan with them. It is a law of na-
ture as inexorable as the law of
gravity.
The fighting in North China to-
day is but another step in Japan's
westward march. Earlier steps
were those which resulted in con-
trol, tantamount to annexation,
over the Chinese provinces of Man-
churia and Jehol. For a short time
after those steps were taken Japan
marked time, strengthening her
hold upon these "provinces, and
fortifying her front against Russia,
the eternal enemy.
Manchukuo was supposed to open
up vast, new and desirable hori-
zons. Japan's population of 70,000,
was growing at the rate of
1,000,000 a yedr; her people needed
more room and more raw mate-
rials. Since 1931 she has poured in-
vestments totaling 1,400,000,000 yen
into the puppet state. Some re-
sults were forthcoming-—soy beans
and kaolaiang, chemicals, slight in-
a ‘good
these fell far short of Nippon's
hopes.
Manchukuo was supposed to open
up a great new market for Japa-
manufactured
Japanese colonists Manchukuo
pretty much of a flop; less than
250,000 Japanese live there today.
long. In
fields for her exports;
the area was that much closer to
the great market of China proper.
So the Japanese began to cast cov-
upon Hopei, which in-
cities of Peiping and
Chahar, which lies be-
tween Mongolia and Manchukuo;
Suiyuan, Shansi and Shantung.
were larger
cludes the
sure) through Hopei and Chahar,
until these two became practically
self-governing states.
Anti-Japanese Spirit Grows.
In Hopei's eastern countries, Jap-
anese influence bl )
protectorate
when it
But
reached a certain point
was halted. With
of Chiang Kai-shek,
Chinese were developing a
unity, although they were not near-
{
Tsingtao. With Hopei and Shansi,
Shantung forms the transportation
center of North China. In posses
sion of the peninsula Japan would
be in a position to control the Gulf
of Chihli and the Yellow sea.
Key to domination of China is its
Who controls the
territory
seen upon
the
may be
accompanying map
railroads of North China
the
how
radiate
instance. Yet the anti-Japanese
wide-
prob-
ably culminated in the skirmish be-
tween Chinese and Japanese at
the incident
the present
which gave to
grave crisis.
It is assumed by many observers
in the Far East that the incident
was seized upon by Nippon as an
excuse for further Japanese inva-
sion on the pretext of retaliation,
which would extend Japanese con-
trol over the five North China
states and even to the south, even-
tually. Others contend that Japan's
immediate objective is the strength-
ening of her grip on Hopei and
Chahar.
Yet it cannot be overlooked that
the other three provinces hold rich
prizes for Toyyo. Shansi contains
more than half of all the coal in
China; the other northern provinces
are capable of great cotton produc-
tion for Japanese industries and
for the manufacture of gunpowder,
so essential to a militant nation.
Japan once imported the bulk of the
cotton crop of China, which is third
in the world’s production; but Chi-
na began to restrict her cotton
exports to Japan and left the latter
in a bad way.
Suiyan and Chahar are extremely
important to Japan's military
strategy, for they would act as an
efficient buffer along the left flank
of her Asiatic front, greatly
strengthening her position on the
mainland.
On the other side of these prov.
inces lies Sovietized Mongolia. The
terrain of Suiyuan and Chahar,
partly included in the Gobi desert,
is wild and difficult, and without
satisfactory transportation facili-
rise
Tientsin. Once Japan is in com:
influ.
the rails to the
of Kalgan in Chahar,
and from there to Paotow in Sui
yuan; the southwest over the
Peiping-Hankow railway to Shih.
kiachiang and southern Hopei, and
to Taiyuan in Shansi; southward
from Tientsin to Tsangchow and
across the Yellow river to Tsinan
thence southward again to Nan
king itself and eastward to the port
of Tsingtao. These railroads, in ad
dition to one across Hopei from
Tsangchow to Shihkiachiang which
the Japanese wish to build if they
can get the permission of China,
are of tremendous military impor
tance.
From
her
important city
int
ino
the latest disp:
important line
and Peiping, although it
carious sort of control,
Chinese twenty-ninth
army
tually, during the early days of the
present crisis, the Chinese did press
a drive along this railroad, cap
turing three key stations, only to
lose them again after a brief ten
ure.
Liukouchiao, the railroad junc
the Peiping-Hankow railroad route,
is also vital to Japanese hegem-
ony; it was the scene of one of the
early battles.
As this is being written Gen.
Chiang Kai-shek is faced with a de
cision that China has had to make
again and again since the Japa-
nese awakened to the necessity for
expansion. , Shall he declare open
warfare against Japan, or shall his
national government continue to
make feeble protests while the lo
cal troops of the North defend their
wont to do?
Japanese Betler Equipped.
China is more united today than
it has been for many years in the
past; indeed the very bond of unity
indignation over the encroachment
of the Land of the Rising Sun.
There are many demands for war
pouring into Nanking from the prov-
inces. But the feeling is generally
that the time has not yet come
for general and unified effort to
throw out the invaders.
Local Chinese forces in Hopei and
Chahar are not equal to the task
of repulsing the Japanese, even
though every last man is ready to
lay dowrt his life. The twenty-
ninth army is fairly well equipped,
but hordes of the provincial troops
CENTRE HALL, PA.
¥
ih H
worried.
make them darker.
ber 24, 1900.
Christmas. Also,
It was Decem-
it was cold—bitter cold. The
Fort Greble is on an island.
to reach deep water.
department,
Driving down he
He didn’t
why I am alive today.”
The supply boat was tied
had been left there the day before,
ened
And then—it happened!
iler there. It fright.
that circled the edge of the
Ray,
They hit it—and went right over
backward. He somersaulted
30 feet of icy salt-water.
Ray couldn't swim a stroke
3
cluding a heavy felt army ulster,
He tried to strike out wit!
then there k
‘
is
. a ki 1
was a Kicking, |
even farther
flailing b
It was the horse!
“1 was told afterward,”’ Ray
his back, at the exact spot at which
were
beside the horse."
ire
Sure
Nneavy « I
chance even slimmer.
wn
~@ Ty
ng him down
He went down-—do
imself to the surface
the water on
the whart
I came up right
that the horse hit
on on
yen on
3. Ai
3ut 1 did.
and tried to clir
re, Ray was
saw Ray,
Once md
down again, with the
back and
His lungs felt as tho
He rose slowly his
shoulders
heavy
Ray came
The horse
m
inte the walter
Then he was
on his
up.
green
under
beating a frantic tattoo
d never come
t to the surface.
holding him down
That time, Ray
way to the surface again.
This was the third time.
boat, hauling him over the side.
He was being
And there was his buddy in the
He
frozen stiff
and he swam ashore.
in blankets.
ently didn't.
Japanese Girls Are
Expert Pearl Divers
Pearl diving in Japan—exclusive-
ly an occupation for women—today
is an important industry, producing
writes a correspondent in
For hundreds of years Japanese
girls, ranging from sixteen to twen-
ty-five, have supported themselves
and their families by following this
romantic profession of the sea. No
men are allowed to break in on their
work of snatching pearl oyslers
from the sea’s bottom.
The metropolis of the pearl world
is “Pearl island” in Miye prefec-
ture, which has been known from
antiquity for its “ama,” or feminine
divers. At one time they went nude
from the waist up, but Kokichi Miki-
moto, the famous “pearl king" of
Japan, who is reputed to have be-
come as rich as the fabled King
Minos of Crete from the virtual mo-
nopoly he enjoys in pearl fishing, in-
gists that all feminine divers shall
work hard in field, farm and home.
In fact, they support their brothers,
fathers and husbands,
stances—if she be a pearl diver—
is expected by public opinion to con-
tinue her aquatic profession until
long after she is married. Among
the elders of the village she would
lose ‘“‘face’” if she gave up so an-
cient and honorable a profession
merely for marriage.
Fatal Duels in Scotland
Auchertool is the field of Bal-
barton, in which the last fatal duel
in Scotland was staged. It was
within this vicinity that the great
duel between Sir Alexander Bos-
well, son of the great biographer,
and Mr. Stewart, of Dunearn, was
fought. Boswell was fatally injured
and was carried to Balmuto, result-
ing in a storm of protest which
ended duel fighting in Scotland. The
figures
turies of English literature. It was
at this palace that Sir James and
his son, William, were implicated in
the murder of Cardinal Beaton, and
Picnic With These
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Put color into them with
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Think what a welcome
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Pattern 5858
make at bridal
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illustratic es used.
Send 15 cents in st 8 Or coins
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to The Sewing Circle Ho
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dress and
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