Pan-American, Glenn L. Martin and British
Imperial Airy ays Are
3418 MILES
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By WILLIAM C. UTLEY
; OMMERCIAL flying on regular schedule across the Atlan-
( tic ocean to Europe is expected to become a fact in the late
summer or early fall. Five years of research, experiment
and study have convinced the three prospective operators of the
two proposed routes that the time is at hand. Repeated success
in flying the wide Pacific and the blue Caribbean with the giant
clipper ships has equipped the operators with the experience
needed for flying the most important oceanic course of them all.
Pan-American airways and Impe-4
rial airways (of Great Britain) have
long been making preparations for
of the new 42B is 201 miles an hour
and cruising speed 164; this com-
joint operation which would involve
four round trip crossings per week.
Recently a third party, Glenn L.
Martin, announced plans of com-
peting in the trans-Atlantic service.
Martin was the builder of most of
the great clippers now flying the
Pacific and of many of the army's
most successful bombardment
planes over a span of 18 years.
For his service Martin has de-
signed the largest transport flying
boat ever built. For construction
of ships of this type his Baltimore
plant, which was taxed to the limit
in the building of the Pacific clip-
pers, is being enlarged. The type
of ship he is building for trans-
Atlantic service will carry 40 pas-
sengers, 5,000 pounds of mail and
fuel enough for 5,000 miles of non-
stop flying at a cruising speed of
17% miles an hour.
British Have Two Ships.
At such a rate of speed it would
be possible to make the crossing
from west to east to continental
Europe in 18 hours, and to make the
return trip, against prevailing
winds, in 21 hours. This is about
equal to the time required by lim-
ited railroad trains between Chicago
and New York. ‘It is faster by four
full days than the Atlantic cross-
ings of the Queen Mary and the
Normandie, the two fastest liners
afloat.
. Imperial airways already has two
giant flying ships, the Cavalier and
the Caledonia, engaged in experi-
mental flights in preparation for the
trans-Atlantic service. Two other
ships of this, the ‘‘C"” type, have
been in experimental service over
the Mediterranean for several
months; one of them not long ago
established a record of 13 hours
and 35 minutes for the 2,000 miles
from Southampton to Alexandria.
Twenty-four more type ““C"’ ships
have been ordered. The total cost
of the fleet will approximate $10,-
000,000. They are a type of trans-
port new to the British. They are
comparable in many ways to the
Sikorsky clippers of Pan-American,
although they are somewhat small-
er. They carry a gross weight of
36,000 pounds as against 42.000 for
the Sikorsky. They are 88 feet long,
24 feet high and have a wing span
of 114 feet. Their four Pegasus
740-horsepower engines are capable
of a top speed of 210 miles an hour
and a cruising speed of 160 to 170
miles an hour.
The plan is to use these planes |
for passengers only on flights be-
tween New York and Hamilton, Ber-
muda; on such flights they will
carry 18 in addition to the crew.
They will be used for air mail only,
on the hop across the Atlantic to
Europe, carrying only first and sec-
ond pilots, ship's clerk, radio op-
erator and steward.
Unbroken Safety Record.
Pan-American claims to be ready
to begin trans-Atlantic flying at a
moment's notice. It has available
many crews enriched by the experi-
ence of five years of flying over the
Caribbean sea. The route from Mi-
ami to Panama was for years the
longest over-water hop on any of
the world's commercial airlines.
Since the first flight was made
over this route on December 2, 1930,
the line has made two regularly
scheduled round trip flights a week.
In a total of 2,400 crossings there
has never been an incident of any
kind, and only a few hops were
canceled because of hurricanes.
Pan-American has also flown doz-
ens of successful flights from San
Francisco to Manila. With the early
A new addition to the Martin clip-
pers which Pan-American has in
service on its Pacific route is a
Sikorsky 42B, larger than any of the
pares with 192 and 157 for the S42.
Two Trans-Atlantic Routes.
The new clipper is standing ready
for the China run, which completes
an all-American air mail route cir-
cling more than half the world. Air-
line distance from New York to
Hong Kong is about 11,600 miles,
while the distance around the globe
in that latitude is some 21,000
miles. The planes beat the fastest
surface transportation between
Hong Kong and New York by 25
days, making the trip in 6% days.
On the trans-Atlantic flight, two
routes will be used, the southern
route taking preference over the
northern in bad weather. They were
described by Louis Ludlow, con-
gressman from Indiana who con-
ducted hearings concerning the es-
tablishment of trans - Atlantic air
mail rates:
‘““The distance by the Northern
route from New York to London
via Shediac, Nova Scotia, and Ire-
land,” he explained, “is 3,418 miles.
The step-off from Newfoundland to
Ireland is a sheer distance of more
than 2,000 miles over water, with-
out any landing places. By the
Southern route the distance from
New York to London is about 5,000
miles, but the hazard of flight is
relieved by numerous landing
intermediate landing points are con-
trolled by the British. This is true
as to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland
and Ireland on the northern rcute,
and Bermuda and the Azores on
the southern route. The Azores are
Portuguese territory, but conceded
to be under the British sphere of
influence.
“The Post Office department visu-
alizes immediate success for
service and a complete fulfillment
of expectations in a big way,” Lud-
low continued. “Whether or not
its optimism is well founded re-
mains to be seen, but certainly all
of the factors of success seem to
be in the equation. The air mail
postage rate proposed for trans-At-
lantic mail is 25 cents per letter of
one-half ounce and 25 cents addi-
tional for each half ounce or frac-
tion thereof. This compares +
the existing foreign mail rate of 5
cents an ounce and 3 cents for each
additional half ounce
contemplates the use of
the way from t
irom point
of destination
the
The service
air mail all
of origin to point
“Based on close calculation of the
prospective volume of mail, the de-
partment preducts that at the 25-
cent rate, the revenues would pay
the contractual obligations at $2 per
mile and the service would be self-
sustaining from the start, which
would differentiate it very markedly
from the air service to China,
which, although it has been in op-
eration since November 22, 1835,
still registers a big annual deficit
Air Mail $2 a Mile.
“The picture of the trans-Atlantic
air mail that is in the minds of the
Post Office department officials vis-
ualizes London as the funnel
through which air mail from all
over Europe will be gathered and
sent to America
“On the other hand, New York is
The various legs of this
flight are as follows: New York to
Bermuda, 773 miles; Bermuda to
Azores, 2,067 miles; Azores to Lis-
bon, 1,050 miles; Lisbon to Gironde,
609 miles; Gironde to London, 500
miles; total, 4,999 miles.
“The northern route, it will be
seen, is the shorter of the two routes
by more than 1,500 miles, but the
safety factors are on the side of
the southern route, and wiil be un-
tii more experience has been ac-
quired in combating storms and ice
in the high northern latitudes. Un-
til such time, therefore, it is ex-
pected that most of the flying will
be by the southern route, which
is safe at all seasons of the year.
The scheduled time for making the
flight by the northern route will be
between 24 and 30 hours and by
the southern route between 36 and
40 hours. When we recall that the
fastest steamships — the Queen
Mary and the Normandie-—consume
4 days and 20 hours making the
trans-Atlantic trip from port to port,
we have an idea of the extent to"
which the new air service will
quicken mail, passenger and ex-
press transportation.
War Department Approves.
‘“T'wo departments of the govern-
ment—the Post Office department
and the State department—are
deeply interested in the establish-
ment of this trans-Atlantic air serv-
ice,” the Indiana legislator told
members of the house.
places.
visualized as the funnel
which mail coming from the Orient,
way to London and points in Eu-
rope. From Hong Kong to San
Francisco is six days by the China
plane, and from New York to Lon-
from Hong Kong crossing North
mail.
“While the contract for carrying
the trans-Atlantic air mail at a
maximum cost of $2 a mile will be
awarded on the basis of competitive
bids, it is believed there is only one
company in America capable of ex-
ecuting such a huge contract, and
that is the Pan-American, which
carries the mail to South America,
Alaska and China. In England a
like situation prevails, where Impe-
rial airways, a govgrnment-subsi-
dized concern, is the outstanding
aviation company. It is probable
that the sewvice would start with
the four-engine clippers that pi-
oneered the Pacific, but testimony
before our subcommittee described
plans for constructing enormous
new ships for this trans-Atlantic
service, one of 60 tons and one of
125 tons.
“The China Clipper ships now in
operation are about 25 or 26 tons,
with a wing spread of 130 feet. The
new ships will be immensely larger.
It will be written into the contract
that all airships used in this Amer-
ican postal service must be built
in America and that the contractor
shall employ only Americans.
“The Halifax Explosion™
By FLOYD GIBBONS
Famous Headline Hunter
I DON'T believe it hurts any of us to stop once in a while and
take stock, to reflect how lucky we actually are. That's one
| reason why I'm telling today the adventure of Mrs. B. A. Henne-
berry of New York, N. Y.
| how out of two hundred people living within range of an explo-
sion, only ten survivors remain—of whom Mrs. Henneberry is
one.
i
i
1
i
Scotia, Canada.
Flynn, it was known as Flynn Block. The day was December 6, 1917.
At 8:30 a. m. the Henneberry children, all five of them, were
getting ready for school. The two oldest children had just left the
house, and the younger ones were eating their breakfast.
A hundred yards out in the harbor, directly across from Mrs. Henne-
berry’'s house, several boats lay at anchor, one of them carrying am-
munition, for this was during the World war.
The Ammunition Ship Exploded.
the corner to school,
opened it.
THE CHEERFUL CHERUD
[ love the night so
soft and deep,
1 love the cheerful
day.
I 2lmost hate to go
to sleep
And miss some time
that way,
The Real People—
The solid gold in human char-
acter is all that holds society to-
gether,
We
realize what an offense
Wounded vanity makes the bit-
terest enemies.
Could We But Hear—
We laugh over “private
What will
the funniest
the
posterity think is
a blast of air lifted her bodily.
She lost consciousness. .
Mrs.
draft of the Sixty-thirds.
pital.
buddies,
thinking it was an air raid.
ammunition.”
When Ben Henneberry heard
there."
north end of the city
he said: “My family is up
If the
flaming buildings.
in the cellar of her home.
dation of her house.
to move her fingers, she says.
sparks.
to tell the story.”
She could hear the chil
children.
No words of mine could ever
pital in the south end of the city.
Mrs.
Some doc-
numb for three weeks.
| walk on crutches for a year.
says.
You can not really like an ego-
tistic man, but at times you ad-
man with little money, but
taste, will make a small,
house into “a vineclad
"
shabby
cottage
Sure death
294, 33¢ and 6o¢ at your druggint’s.
PETERMAN'S
LL amd lel
Hold to Your Friends
The friends thou hast and their
adoption tried, grapple them to
thy soul with hoops of steel. —Wil-
liam Shakespeare.
CARDUI
In this modern time something
wonderfully worth while can be done
for practically every woman whe
suffers from functional pains of
menstruation. Certain cases can be
relieved by taking Cardui. Others
may need a physician's treatment.
Cardul has widely demon-
strated uses: (1) To ease the im-
5 and nervousness of
r period ; and (2) to aid
uilding up the whole system by
Iping women to get more strength
from their food.
two
Wild Anger
Small fits of anger are like
campfires that are likely to be-
| got,” they said.
Nature Supplies Power
{ and Ice From Volcanoes
| Sonfetimes Nature supplies power
| for nothing. The people of Larder-
{ ello, in the Province of Pisa, Italy,
live at the foot of an active volcano.
| Every unit of heat, power, and
| light used in the town is obtained
from its fiery interior, thus saving
the citizens endless expense and
taxation. In addition, commercial
borax is obtained from “blow
holes” in the hillside, relates a writ-
er in London Answers Magazine.
The people of Styria, Austria, live
beside another kindly mountain.
This is “Der Erzberg,” the Iron
Mountain, which is 5.000 feet high
and contains about 300,000,000 tons
of iron ore—fifty per cent of its vol-
ume,
There is another iron mountain in
Sweden—Kiirunavaara—which is 2,-
455 feet high and contains more
high-grade iron than any other
equal area on earth, for seventy
per cent is pure iron.
Needless to say, both these moun-
tains have been exploited by the
Sununities who live in the vicin-
ty.
Nature has also her own gas
works, Medicine Hat, in Alberta,
the wells are—800 miles away.
duces ice.
some freak, huge hailstones fall
continuously round the crater.
These are collected in special bins,
conveyed to distant towns, and sold
in cafes and hotels.
The Tree Fish
Among the strange creatures in
Australia is the mudskipper. It
swims, walks on land-—why it even
climbs trees. The fish, found in riv-
ers oi Northern Queensland, are gen-
erally about 10 inches long. A real
freak of nature, they have lungs in
addition to gills. Their thick front
fins are about the shape and size of
frogs’ legs. On these they walk. A
mudskipper usually goes ashore pur-
Isaac Watts, Hymn Writer
Isaac Watts, the writer,
was born at Southampton in 1674.
1008 vo To ts He
the family of
became minister of the independent
church at Mark Lane, London, 1
Don’t Sleep
When Gas
Presses Heart
if you want to really GET RID OF
GAS and terrible bloating, don"t expect
to do it by just doctoring your stomach
with harsh, irritating alkalies and “gas
tablets.” Most GAS is lodged in the
stomach and upper intestine and ie
due to old poisonous matter in the
constipated bowels that are loaded
with ili-causing bacteria.
if your constipation is of long stand.
ing, enormous quantities of dangerous
bacteria accumuilat>. Then your oi.
pestion is upset, GAS often presses
eart and lungs, making life miserable.
You can't sat or sleep. Your head
aches. Your back aches. Your com.
xion is sallow and pimply. Your
ath is oul. You are a sick, VO .
wretched unhap
SYSTEM 18 POI NED.
Thousands of sufferers have found in
Adlerika the guick, scientific way te
rid their of harmful bacteria.
Adierika rides you of gas and cleans
foul poisons out of BOTH upper and
lower bowels. Give your »
REAL cleansing with Adlerika. Get
rid of GAS. Adlerika does not gripe
i mut have forming. At all Leading
(SERRE REP
AFR ENE