By EDWARD
W. PICKARD
MATTERS in Geneva were rapidly
approaching a crisis—a crisis for
Italy and Ethiopia, for European peace
and for the League of Nations Itself.
The Italian cabinet, in
which Mussolini holds
eight portfolios, an-
pounced In Rome that
Italy would accept no
compromise and would
not retreat from the
course It has laid out
in East Africa; that
fts miliitary prepara-
tions were being In
tensified, and that its
forces were adequata
“to respond to any
menace whatever.”
Still more fmportant, In the light of
developments, was the cabinet’s an-
nouncement of strengthening its miil-
tary forces In Libya, where General
Balbo has been establishing a strong
line of air repots. This colony bor-
ders Egypt on the west, and there was
immediately a lot of speculation as to
whether Mussolini planned to attack
the Britisk empire In that reglon.
Italian forces in Libya have received
reinforcements of 40,000 men with
tanks and field artillery, and are much
stronger than the British forces In
Egypt. If economic sanctions were Im-
posed on Itasy, Mussolini might well
reply by threatening Great Britaln in
that quarter, by Invasion and by arous-
ing the native population to revolt.
Premier Lavaf's speech before the
League of Natwns was exceedingly
clever but did net clear the situation
sufficiently.
Benito
Mussolini
eovenant and fulfitr its obligations, he
February 8—an air Locarno with auto-
matic enforcement and the conclusion
of Danublan and Baltic security pacts
One after another the nations rep-
resented in the league announced thelr
support of the British srand agalost
Italy, If the British de not back
down—and that seems unlively—and If
Italy persists in its adventure, the
league will be called on te apply ar-
ticle 15 of the covenant. This requires
the submission of any dispute, likely
to lead to a rupture, to the council
which must then try to effect a set-
*ement. The council also will adopt
as its own the report of the committee
of five, which has falled to find a
solution acceptable to Italy. The par-
ties to the dispute are obligated to
keep the peace for three months in any
event, which would prevent an Italian
campaign before the rains set lo again
in Ethiopia.
If in the next three months either
glide accepts the council's decision, the
other party Is automatically outlawed
if it starts a war at any time in the
future. In that case, the penalties
against an aggressor as provided In
article 16 must take effect sutomat-
ically.
It is believed In Geneva that the
penalty easiest to apply would be a
general boycott of all trade with Italy.
In that case the course followed by
the United States would be all im-
portant. The European statesmen feel
confident that they can count on Presi
dent Roosevelt, once 8 war breaks out,
to interpret cotton, Wheat, and other
raw materials as war material and
under the American neutrality legisia-
tion forbid direct shipment to Italy and
Ethiopia,
“Take a look at this” virtually sald
Great Britain to Italy as she massed a
great fleet of powerful warships in the
Mediterranean, Many of them were at
Gibraltar, others at Malta and Alex-
andria and yet others at the entrance
to the Suez canal. Practically the en.
tire north Atlantic fleet was concen
trated in the inland sea, and there was
a chain of fighting vessels all the way
from there to China—and every one of
them was ready to defend the suprem-
acy of the empire. The royal air force,
too, was fully represented at the naval
bases, and the shore garrisons were
reinforced. This was John Bull's reply
to Mussclini's defiance, and it might
well give him pause.
$s] INCONSTITUTIONAL” is the ver-
diet of the American Liberty
league's committee of 68 lawyers on
the Wagner-Connery labor relations
act.
“It 1s our belief,” sald the opinion,
written in the form of a brief, “that
the statute unnecessarily and arbi
trarily infringes upon the individual
Jiberties of the employer and the em
ployee and is therefore invalid.”
This is the first of a proposed series
of opinions on recent federal legisla.
tion by the committee of lawyers. It
was formulated by a subcommittee
consisting of Earl F. Reed of Pitts.
burgh, chairman; Harold Beacom, Chi
cago; Harold J. Gallagher, New York;
D. J. Kenefick, Buffalo; Harrison B,
McGraw, Cleveland; Gurney BE. New.
ln, Los Angeles; Hal H. Smith, De
troit, and KE. Randolph Williams, Rich.
mond, Va.
Coples of the opinion were sent to
all members of the full committee and
dissenting opinions were Invited, but
pone were offered.
Raoul E. Desvernine of New York,
chairman of the general committee,
denled that it was “packed with Re-
publicans,” but he did not explain why
no labor lawyers and no attorneys with
New Deal leanings were appointed to
serve,
Among the members of the commit
tee are James M. Beck, nationally
known constitutional authority and
former solicitor general of the United
States: Bainbridge Colby, secretary of
state under President Wilson; John
W. Davis, Democratic candidate for
President in 1034; Joseph B. Ely, for-
mer Democratle governor of Massa.
chusetts; Ralph M. Shaw of Chicago
former head of the Association Against
the Eighteenth Amendment; James A
Reed, former United States senator
from Missouri, a Democrat, and George
W. Wickersham, chairman of President
Hoover's commission on law enforce
ment,
Frank E. Morrison, American Fed-
eration of Labor secretary, sald:
“This committee simply represents the
views held by special privilege and big
business, which have always opposed
every plece of legislation Introduced
in congress and the states to bring a
little more happiness Into workers’
homes."
E. MERCKER, who used to be
* secretary of the Interstate Early
Potato committee, has been made head
of the potato section of the Agricul
; tural adjustment ad-
ministration, and his
troubles are just be
ginning. Control of
the potato crop is con-
sidered a natural se-
quence In the policy
that is being followed
by the AAA, and, like
other parts of Secre-
tary Wallace's agri
cultural plan, It is
supporte earnestly
A. E. Mercker and as geriously con-
demned. Among those who oppose po-
tato control is Porter R. Chandler of
Geneseo, N. Y., a gentleman farmer.
He has advertised extensively his in
tention to grow and sell potatoes In
defiance of the federal potato control
act and invites prosecution,
Now, co-operating with Mr. Chand.
ler, comes Norman C, Norman, a New
York jeweler who some time ago de-
filed the jewelers’ code. He sent to the
gentleman farmer an order for six
or more bushels of “strictly Iilegal
potatoes,” and the ordeg was filled at
once, Norman suggested that the po-
tatoes be routed through New Jersey
to make the offense Interstate, and of.
fered to make more than one pur
chase, “as it Is my understanding that
the second purchase will entitle me to
go to the penitentinry.”
V HILE all the nation was cele
brating Constitution day, the citi
zens of Pennsylvania went to the polls
and voted overwhelmingly against the
calling of a Constitutional convention
for the purpose of “modernizing” the
state's basic law which was adopted
61 years ago. Since the proposed
changes were to have a decided New
Deal trend, the Republicans looked on
the result of the referendum as a vic
tory of national significance. The re-
vision was strongly supported by Gov.
ernor Earle and the state Democratic
organization and also by organized
labor,
New Mexico voters turned down a
proposal to boost their property ex.
emption to $2,500, along with four other
suggested amendments to the state
constitution.
HEN the new Philippines com-
monwealth is formally born on
November 10 In Manila, with Vice
President John M. Garner ofitinting
as its godfather
Manuel Quezon, for 20
years the leader of
the fight for independ.
ence, will be Inaugu-
rated as Its first
president. In the re
cent election he and
his entire ticket were
victorious. The de
feated rivals for the
presidency were Emi ©
lio Aguinaldo, who led in
the rebellion against Manuel Quezon
American rule years ago, and Bishop
Gregorio Aglipay. They were virtually
snowed under,
Sergio Osmena was elected vice pres
ident, and victory of Manuel Roxas,
Quintin Paredes and Camilo Oslas as
sured the new president ample lead.
ership In the unicameral national as
sembly, where he also will have a clear
voting majority.
Quezon's term of office Is six years
and his annual salary will be $15,000,
The commonwenith will be a ten-year
prelude to complete Independence from
the United States, Quezon, who is large.
Iy of Spanish blood, Is fifty-seven years
old. He has numerous friends and ae
quaintances in the United States and
for a long time has Leen a frequent
visitor in Washington In his endeavor
to gain independence for the island
archipelago.
V/A RRINE ‘R 8. ECCLES, head of the ,
federal reserve system, has been |
re-appointed by the President, and so |
will be chairman of the board that will
put into operation the new banking |
reform law. Later the President will
name six other members of the board.
Mr. Eccles is the exponent of the the-
ories that monetary control must be
from a “national viewpoint,” that the
government should spend heavily In
bad times to create employment and
expand credit, and that it should tax
in good years to reduce debt and pre-
vent excessive accumulation of Income,
AID advertisements in weekly maga-
zines of national circulation are now
being used by the treasury to promote
the sale of baby bonds, The alm of
the campaign is to interest small in-
vestors in these honds, the smallest of
which sells for £18.75, with a cash ma-
turity value of £25 In 10 years.
IX hondred members of the German
reichstag, all fervent Nazis, met In
special session In Nuremberg and at
the demand of Relchsfuehrer Hitler
passed two laws bear-
ing down hard on the
Jews in the reich. The
first of these new stat.
utes prescribes prison
sentences as penalties
for marriages between
Jews and citizens of
German or kindred
blood, and declares
such marriages void if
performed in a foreign
country, Extra -marital :
relations between Jews Adolf Hitler
and Aryans also are punishable by
prison sentences, Jews are forbidden
to employ women under forty-five years
in thelr households after January 1,
on penalty of imprisonment. Jews are
not allowed to holst the national flag,
being limited to the Zionist blue and
white emblem.
Tre second law provides that only a
person who “belongs to the protective
association of the German empire and
the reich”
may be a citizen of Germany. This
citizen must be of German or Kindred
blood and show that he is willing to
Thus Jews
and Germans of whom the Nazis dis
approve may be excluded.
Hitler also put through a third law
establishing the Nazi Swastika as the
national- and trade flag of Germany.
The war ministry was Instructed te
adopt a war flag of black, white and
red.
In his address to the relchstag Hit
ler sald that by the laws adopted he
hoped to deliver a fatal blow to Com
munism and Jewry,
HE Committee of Jewish Delega-
tions has appealed to the League of
Nations on behalf of the Jews of Ger
many, declaring that “the consclence of
mankind will not tolerate that Jews
should be degraded In this century as
pariahs™
HANCELLOR HITLER'S remarks
about Memel aroused President
Antonas Smetona to putting out the
first interview he has granted in six
years. In it he de
clared that Lithuania,
relying to the utmost
on the legality and
Justice of her stand
and sction In Memel
affairs, is ready atany
time to defend her po
sition before the per
manent court of inter
national justice,
But should an ef
fort be made to disre
President gard legality and jus
Smetona tice, In favor of force,
Lithuania is prepared, stated President
Smetona, to “defend Memel with all
the means at her command.”
Continuing, President Smetona sald:
“Meme] is to us an economic neces
sity, not a political issue. We are too
small a nation to engage In political
bargaining, as we are too small a coun
try to engage In contra-propaganda.
Our only point is that Memel, contain
ing Lithuania's only seaport, Is an es
sential part of Lithuania, And the
freedom and preservation of Lithuania
is to her people a precious thing."
EATH came to Jules Cambon, one
of France's “elder statesmen,” at
Vervey, Switzerland, He was ninety
years old and had lived In retirement
since the close of the World war,
though he was frequently consulted by
high officials of France. His brilliant
eaveer-as- a. diplomatist covered nearly
50 years. He served as ambassador in
Washington five years,
SE] N
HEARD
aréund the
NATIONAL
APITAL
Carter Field
Washington. —Latin-America seems
to be following the example of the ad
ministration with respect to wtilities
particularly utilities owned by the
same general Interests in the United
States so vigorously attacked by Presi
dent Roosevelt,
Mexico's president
government ownership
telegraph and railroad
an extra added feature,
Deal agenda, Chile Is making
for American and Forelgn Power
ing caught it trying
out of Chile hack to
ors. And so It goes all the
the line from the Rio Grande to Cape
Horn, wit nota
bly Brazil
called for
telephone,
the last
not on the New
trouble
hav
to smuggle funds
American Invest
way down
has
of
lines
bh just a few exceptions,
like iho wd |
for some
that not only is there little
that the Cubans will be
time to come to pay
bond issues floated for public
ments, but there
pay. Privately these think
this particular investment has just been
wiped out, as far as American bond
holders are concerned.
Tops of literature containi
tacks made on American holding com
panies in the otility fight have been
circulated through Latin-Ameriea, [It
is blamed by some students of the situ
ation for stirring up the present move
ment. Central and South American of-
ficials figure that it gives them a splen
did excuse for stepping in, nationalize
ing the utilities, and keeping the prof
its—if any--Iin their own companies In
stead of sending dividends back to the
United States,
Latin-American officials are quoting
glibly from the attacks sponsored by
the administration, why
thelr people should be taxed to pay div.
fdends on watered stock, and
service charges by holding companies
out of all proportion to the service ren
dered!
ahle
interest on
improve
is little disposit
Seniors
ng the at.
demanding
to pay
Coercion Not Expected
They feel confident that no strong
arm methods will be used to coerce
them, or to protect these American in
terests If the plants are taken over hy
the government. Further, they [feel
that the Roosevelt administration will
not be harsh sbout it If the values
fixed In the condemnation proceedings
are very low indeed. In fact, they
think it would be rather difficult for
Secretary of State Cordell Hull to
frame 8 strong argument against vale.
ations so that American in
vestors would think they were being
murdered,
ut that isn't all the gloom from the
investor's standpoint. Plans fairly un.
der way In some of the Latin coun
tries contemplate making payment for
such utility plants 2s may be taken
over by governments in bonds, issued
of course by the government, federal
or local, which takes the plant over.
No stockholder in any of the big
American companies with investments
abroad would throw his hat in the alr
over the idea of taking payment for
anything in bonds of the foreign coun.
try concerned. Market for any such
bonds Is at a very low ebb, without
much prospect of improving. American
investors have taken such a beating on
foreign bonds In the last few years
that they do not hanker for any more.
All of which presents a very gloomy
picture indeed to a good many Ameri
can shareholders, And bondholders
It is a repercussion of the adminis
tration’s policy, which was not fore
seen by anyone. It is made possible
not only by the domestic policy inside
the United States with respect to utili
ties, but to the strong stand taken by
the administration in denouncing “dol
lar diplomacy,” and making it perfect
ly clear that ill treatment of American
investors Is not necessarily a matter
that might lead to warships.
But there Is another complication.
Great* Britain has a good many similar
investments. She has railroads In
Mexico, which may be taken over, And
whenever the present trouble between
italy and Ethiopia Is over Britain may
low the
MPTROLLER GENERAL MO
CARL in a formal opinion held that |
there Is no legal authorization for the
federal government to pay out any
funds for the construction of a furni |
ture factory at Reedsville, W, Va. This
has been a project especially favored
by Mrs. Roosevelt, It was intended
originally that the factory should make |
furniture for government offices and
give employment to transplanted coal
miners. A year ago McCarl refused to
sanction an allocation to the factory
from recovery funds, Then congress
turned on the project on the ground
that It discriminated against private
industry. McCarl says the Department
of the Interior went ahead with letting
contracts for the construction, never.
theless, and the building Is about 80
per cent completed.
R ESOLUTIONS adopted by the lowa
Farmers’ union In convention at
Des Moines demand that President
Roosevelt dismiss Secretary of Agri
culture Wallace from the cabinet and
halt “the program of hunger.” The
AAA was called “Infamous, worthless:
and viclous™
ean government Is in its,
Which would bring the old Monroe
doctrine up for another dusting off.
Textile Troubles
A net loss of $43806202 despite the
Inrgest sales In the company’s history,
ing to $1.874965.02 were paid, Is al
leged to be typical of the entire textile
industry. This is the report of the
Pepperell Manufacturing company,
with headquarters at Biddeford, Maine,
regarded as one of the most successful
textile concerns In all New England
These operating results, Treasurer
Russell H. Leonard sald, are “typical
of the Industry as a whole for the
same period” (fiscal year ended June
80 last), and moved him to ask the
stockholders “wherein lle the reasons
for an essential Industry remaining
profitless under a governmental! plan
presumably dedicated to its rehabilita.
ND reduction, Mr, Leonard sald,
was the major difficulty of the cotton
textile Industry and the primary cause
of its losses. He sald that consump
i
don of ¢ cotton textiles 1 nas not been rar
below normal,
“This economie principle was, in
fact, at work In our Industry for some
years,” Mr, Leonard's report contin.
ved, “But the National Recovery act
upset the working of this principle
and facilitated—indeed encouraged
increased production. Paradoxically,
shortening the weekly running time to
40 hours expanded the output. Because
the overhead costs of a mill on one
shift of only 40 hours weekly operation
became increasingly burdensome, mills
running one shift per week were forced
to increase to two shifts in order to
compete with mills already on a two
shift basis”
A single shift of 50 hours, Mr. Leon-
ard contended, could supply all the
consumptive needs of the country,
This statement is highly Interesting
in view of the fact that the American
Federation of Labor is even now pre
paring to do battle in the next session
of congress for a 30-hour week law, a
fight which it abandoned In the last
session because the Federation for its
own reasons was much more interest
ed in concentrating on the Wagner La
bor Relations
act,
Great Handicap
Mr. Leonard
y the AAA and processing taxes
“The market
during the year were
‘that It was not
niso paid his respects
prices of cotton goods
he sald,
to pass all
This
great
go low,"
possilie
these taxes on to our Customers
Ore Wis a
iustry
pre HORE.
handicap to recovery in our ind
“The floor stock taxes and
ing taxes pald by this company
the
have
ginee
agricultural act went into effect
amounted to about $4,000.000,
“Spindle capacity must be reduced
or production of existing
trolled,” Mr. Leonard
industry Is to he
profitable
CRA City eon
continued, “if
COME even reason
pe
ably extended
riod,
“Possibly some
latter proble m
over an
the
but
after
method to solve
may yet be devised,
it becomes 1 difficult,
surveying the maze of st
under the National
determine how even
reasingly
ich experiments
to
fan
Recovery act,
governmental pl
ning. the sanction
or planning under
of the make
principles work for any extend
It is difficult an
fent government to £0
government, <©an uneecH
nomic
ed period for even
thwart
at two shifts
ned
ion that has come to
attention would to eliminate
surplus spindle capacity, There Is
disagreement as what this
amounts to, but the figures are prob
ably around six to seven million spin.
dies out of a total in place of about
31 million
“A great deal has been sald about
the industrial problems of New Eng
land and inability of its manufactur
ers to compete with in some
other sections of the country In pro-
duction of cotton textiles It is cer.
tain that they eannot compete indefi
nitely unless the total costs, including
labor, are on a competitive basis. The
solution of the problem lies with the
people of New England. If it costs
more to produce a yard of the same
cloth In Maine than it does In the
South, then, eventually, the goods will
be produced in the South”
omnise
nomic law! Assuming th
of 40 hours weekly were contir the
soundest solut our
be the
some to
those
Guarding Roosevelt
The shooting of Huey Long is ex-
pected to result in much more elabo-
rate protection being forced on Presi
dent Roosevelt by the secret service,
Present protection,
vately,
has proved satisfactory for the most
part because as a rule that sort of
danger to Presidents comes only from
cranks
a erank under the standards consid:
ered when officials are protected.
As a matter of fact,
service official would say this publicly,
they do not believe the shooting could
have happened—that
service operatives had been on the job
Had Baton Rouge been Rome,
had Long been Mussolini,
through which Long was passing. [It
would hove been impossible. In fact,
have studied Mussolini's protective
service, belleve that he could be killed
only by a rifle fired from a consider
able distance,
This writer attended a session of the
{talian senate, back In 1027, which
Mussolini attended. The writer rode
to the building In an American em
bassy car, with the late Warren De
ano Robins, then counselor of the
embassy, and later minister to Canada
Although the embassy shield was on
the door of the rather distinctive car,
guards about fhe senate entrance were
not only nervous but impatient when
the chauffeur attempted to stop.
How Italy Does It
The first consideration of Musso
lini's guardians was that this street
must be kept open. No chance for the
first ear to start a block was tolerated.
So even an embassy car, driving up to
the normal entrance to the diplomatic
gallery of the senate, was not permit.
ted even to pause, Shouted directions,
more or less menacing, kept it moving.
Thus we traversed three streets
leading to the chamber. Every one of
them was lined with soldiers, police,
and men so obviously plain clothes op
eratives that the most inexperienced
of crooks would have recognized them
CARE OF THE TEETH
“By the time most persons, are old
enough to think much about. it, they
been brushing thelr teeth for
years. So they take the method for
granted and continue to swish the
brush around with a fine display of
action but with no thought: and fre.
the only remaining virtue
of the brush is that of long and
faithful service.” This is the com
ment of David W. Melean, LDR,
the Tooth
rush” In Hygela and outlines the
proper method of tooth brushing.
The operation of tooth brushing
should require not less than three
minutes for each Jaw, three times a
day: on rising, after 1 and
before retiring, and the the
most important of the three,
Dentifrices be used on
brushes should be regarded as cleans
ing agents and not as medicatic
cures,
uncheon
is
inst
to
tooth
MiB or
i Quick, Safe Relief
For Eyes Irritated
CER ST
RTT AT
and Dust —
[ITE
FOR LITE
UR
Same Thing
meaning tar
alent,
The
equiv
of
“Though I have tried all good
remedies Capudine suits me best
because it is unususily quick
snd gentle” For bhesdsche,
peursigic, or muscle aches,
use ef ther Capudine Jaquid or
Capudine Brand Tablets
\
ITIL:
Quick, Pleasant
Successful Elimination
Let's be frank--there's only one
way for your body to rid itself of
the waste material that causes acid-
ity, gas, headaches, bloated feelings
and a dozen other discomforts.
Your intestines must function and
the way to make them move quick-
ly, pleasantly, successfully, without
griping or harsh irritants is to chew
a Milnesia Wafer thoroughly, in ac-
sordance with directions on the bot-
tie or tin, then swallow,
Milnesia Wafers, pure milk of
magnesia in tablet form, each equiv-
alent to a tablespoon of liquid milk
of magnesia, correct acidity, bad
breath, flatulence, at their source,
and enable you to have the quick,
pleasant, successful elimination so
necessary to abundant health,
Milnesia Wafers come in bottles
at 35¢ and 60c or in convenient tins
at 20¢. Recommended by thousands
carry them, Start using these pleas-
ant tasting effective wafers today,
China Plans 48,986 Schools
China will establish 48086 masse
education schools next year,
Relief
‘When You Need a Laxative
Because of the refreshing relief it
has brought them, thousands of men
and women, who could afford much
more expensive laxatives, use Black-
Draught when needed. It is very
economical, purely vegetable, highly
effective... Mr. J. Lester Roberson,
well known hardware dealer at Mar-
tinsville, Va, writes: “1 certainly can
recommend Hlack-Dranght as a splendid
medicine. 1 have taken it for constipation
and the dull feelings that follow, and have
found it very satislactory.™
BLACK-DRAUGHT
trackers”
and detalls for stamp,
WIAIAMSON
Columbia, 8. C,
ITCHING...
anywhere on the body—
also buming irritated skin—
soothed and helped by
Resino
VNU-—4
Be Sure Tiny Properly”
Gwe They Prove