Ethiopian Army Captain
Prepared by the National Geographic Soclety,
Washington, D, C—WNU Service,
THIOPIA, a familiar name In
the headlines these days,
boasts a long and imposing
history. The kings of this an-
clent empire are traced from Orl of
4478 B. C. to Haile Selassie the First
of A. D. 1985—with time out, natural
ly, from the date of the Deluge until
the fall of the Tower of Babel. Ac-
cording to tradition the queen of
Sheba was an Ethiopian. She may
possibly have lived in what we now
call Ethiopia, and certainly she In
cluded it in her extended domaln,
Modern Ethlopla Includes more than
850,000 square miles of the rich and
productive northeastern African pla-
teau. It is mainly a mountalnous re-
gion, much broken by deep valleys
Arid, semi-desert country surrounds it
on every side. It does not touch the
sea, although some Ethiopian feudal
chieftains like to grasp a marine tel-
escope as they pose for a formal pho-
tograph.
In the population there are, perhaps,
5,000,000 Christians of the true Ethl-
oplan (Hamitic-Semitic) type. They are
the inheritors of an ancient civiliza-
tion under whose feudal form of gov-
ernment are estimated to be 7,000,000
Moslems and pagans. The latter are
mainly negroes,
The country Is surrounded by Afri-
can colonial possessions of Great
Britain, France and Italy. As the Ethl-
opia of Solomon's time, it probably in-
cluded all of these adjacent territories,
with an Egyptian frontier, and that
part of southwestern Arabia known
today as the Yemen and Hadhramaut
There is In Ethiopia a very evident
mixture of Asia and Africa. Some of
the blood came from ancient Pales-
tine, some from Arabia, and some from
the shores of the Caspian. Authorities
do not agree as to the elements in
this African melting pot of races. But
the Ethiopian claims with pride a
strong relation to the Semites,
Getting Into Ethiopia.
The front door entrance and port to
Ethiopia is Djibouti, French Somali-
land, The French are commendably
responsible for Djiboutl. It is the base
of their 500-mile rallway from the
coast directly inland to Addis Ababa,
the Ethiopian capital This rallway Is
Ethiopia's only modern connection with
the outside world, Djibouti is, there-
fore, very important to Ethiopia. It Is
headquarters for an Ethiopian consul
who gives Intending visitors their
visas,
There are two kinds of trains now
on the efficient but expensive little
Franco-Ethioplan railway. On Sunday
and Wednesday mornings a train
leaves Djibouti to arrive three days
later In Addis Ababa. Each Tuesday
evening departs the “through ex.
press,” which does the 500 miles in 30
hours. Passengers can sleep on this
“fast” train, not In pullmans, but in
adjustable seats. On the three-day
trains sleeping is done at little way-
side hotels the two nights en route,
The first day of this rallway jour.
ney ends usually at six in the after
noon, at Diredawa, the first town of
importance after the train enters
Ethiopia. It is on the fringe of a
plateau 4,000 feet above sea level and
‘a 200-mile climb from the coast. An
interesting side trip from Diredawa Is
the old Mohammedan walled town of
Harar, four hours away by rough mo
tor trip or a whole day by muleback.
Camels, horses, or mules are available
as a means of transportation, but the
mule is considered the most appropri
ate for one of actual or apparent high
station in life,
The second night of the three-day
train journey is passed on the banks
of the Awash river, one of the peculiar
streams of the world, At this point It
is a swiftly flowing river In a deep
canyon. Rising on the Ethiopian pla.
teau, it turns northeastward toward
the Red sea, but loses itself In the
Danakil lowlands short of its natural
flestination. Awash consists mainly of
a small rallway yard, a onestory
brick bullding housing a hotel under
guasi-Hellenle management, a scatter
ing of native shacks, and many cats
Food and accommodations are simple
and the most essential thing is a good
mosquito net,
Addis Ababa, the Capital,
The train gets under way again the
pext morning at dawn and rolls
through lovely grass and forest lands,
where gallop many herds of gazelles
and antelope. Occasionally one sees
the dark blur of a rhino breaktasting
on the far side of the Awash River
canyon. About four o'clock in the aft
poon of this third day the sprawling
| elty of Addis Ababa Is sighted In a
forest of blue gum trees, across a
rolling, grassy plain,
in Full Dress Uniform.
A ride of 20 minutes on mule or
horseback, or five minutes by motor,
takes the arriving traveler to the main
part of the city. Addis Ababa has
good streets and no “across the rail-
way tracks” quarter. It has also lega-
tions, consulates, hotels, many Ameri-
can motor cars, alrplares of sorts, and
some presentable business bulldings,
On one of the two principal elevations
of the city Is the ever-interesting mar.
ket place. Here once stood the great
tree which served for generations as
a gibbet. The other main elevation is
crowned by the group of buildings
which make up the imperial palace.
The most Imposing edifice on this des-
ignated “Hill of the Gebbi" is the
Audience Hall of the Conquering Lion
of the Tribe of Judah, constructed of
stone and given its high-sounding title
by order of the late Emperor Mene-
lik. Menelik claimed his title by vir-
tue of his descent from that first
Menelik who was born to Sheba after
her visit to Solomon,
Ethiopia claims to be the oldest
Christian sovereign state. The teach-
ings of Christ were introduced about
A. D. 330 by two shipwrecked Phoenl-
cian youths, Before they became
Christians, the ruling classes of Ethl-
oplans were adherents of Judalsm.
Thelr present church ceremonial re-
tains many traces of that great and
Resources of the Country
After the professiens of priest and
soldier, agriculture is the principal oe
cupation in Ethiopia. The country Is
very fertile, though methods of cult
vation are still primitive, Many fine
beef cattle are produced, and the peo-
ple are great meat eaters. They have
what might be called a ceremonial cus-
tom of eating a bit of raw beef as no
sort hors d'ceuvre.
In addition to the ordinary kinds of
ian farmers In parts of
the country ralse civet eats for com-
mercial purposes. From these animals
they obtain a liquid musk marketable
to French and American perfumers at
$2 an ounce. The chase is also a com-
mercialized Industry in Ethiopla, and
naturally ivory heads the list of its
products.
of
Many an Ethioplan leopard involun-
tarily contributes his skin to American
feminine fashion. As many as 100,000
of these spotted skins have gone to
American furriers In a single year.
Also monkey furs are an item of prof-
itable trade. A shy member of the
monkey tribe, called the guereza, lives
in the trees of the Ethiopian high-
lands, Their long, silky, black-and-
white fur was worn by the Ethiopians
as capes untill Parisian dressmakers
fancied it as a trimming for feminine
finery. Lately the Ethiopian govern-
ment has decided to protect its wild
game by requiring the taking out of
licenses and payment of hunters’ fees.
Where Fine Coffee Is Grown.
The Harar district, town and prov.
ince, is the center of production of
cultivated coffee in Ethiopia. The bean
produced Is of excellent quality and
ranks next only to Mocha In world
markets. It is called “longberry
Mocha™ and Is sold to a discriminat-
ing clientele in the United States, Al
though the Harar plantations are de.
scended from seed Introduced from
the Mocha district in Arabia, Ethiopia
is the home of coffee. The tree was
feund originally by Arab travelers In
the Ethiopian province of Kafa, from
which It took its name. Seed was
taken from Kafa to Arabia, and thence
came back to Harar, According to the
Arabs, the cultivation of coffee also
spread to other parts of the world
from the Yemen, in southwestern
Arabia,
In Kafa and adjoining parts of
southwestern Ethiopia may be seen
today vast and virgin forests of coffee
of the Indigenous variety. It neces.
sarily grows without cultivation or
care and thousands of tons of the
berries fall to the ground In waste
each year. The outer fringes of some
of these forests are worked by natives
in sections not too far from export
trading centers, where the market
value of coffee Is known. Egypt buys
much of this coffee, shipped via Khar.
toum, in place of former Lmportations
of the Brazilian product.
district. They are the fine black.
maned fellows so alluring to the big.
game hunter,
but the Harar fellow Is particularly
during which to declalm and aet out
the feat. Afterwards he Is privileged
to wear the mane and skin as part of
his warrior dress,
THE
No Damaged Trees |
Should Be Saved
ter Lumber or Fire Wood;
Stock Injurious.
By L. BE. Sawyer, College of Agriculture, |
University of lilinola—WNU Bervice,
Few of the many trees damaged by
last summer's drouth can be saved.
The best procedure In most cases i8 to
Where of the top Is
may tide
only a part
careful management
over the tree until new top growth
and follage are sufficient to support
life and growth. The ground onder
a good soll muleh and this supplement
ed by three or four Inches of barnyard
All of the dead wood should
be cut out of the top.
Where dead trees are removed this
summer, plans should be made for re-
placements next spring. The trees
should be planted after the frost goes
out of the ground and before the
growing season gets under way In 1886,
Damage done by the drouth drove
home the fact that live stock should
be kept out of the wood lot. Live
stock damage to trees Is not apparent
In wet years, but the accumulated
damage of many seasons shows up In
dry years like 1034. In fact, the worst
damage last year was Invariably In
wood lots used as live stock pasture,
Live stock keeps the secondary growth
eaten and tramped down, letting winds
get a better sweep close to the ground,
This causes the ground to dry out
rapidly. In addition, the ground Is
packed hard by the constant trampling,
and organic matter and natural mulch
are destroyed. The result is that the
rainfall runs off the ground rather
than soaking In. Evaporation is
speeded up by a lack of mulch.
Clover Is Cut for Seed
When Heads Are Matured
Clover for seed Is cut when the
greatest number of mature seed heads
are available, If cutting is too early,
seed 18 Immatore., If cutting is de-
layed, the heads shatter badiy. Clover
cut for seed may be cured In the wind.
row or in the or it may be
stacked and allowed to go through a
“sweat.” iy the latter the
quality of clover “straw” remalning
after threshing 1s not as good as when
the clover is threshed from the wind-
row,
Producers
erally belleve that damp,
is detrimental
But experiments in
nal
cock,
method
clover seed gen
rainy weather
td goed,
ture does
xl, If pollen
plant plant,
does, however,
insects. After
weather, some of
i and with les
sened Insect activity many flowers are
not properly fertilized,
of red
to of
not limit the sett
is transferred
Excessive molsture
mit activities of
heavy rains In hot
digintegrates
from to
the
the pollen
Wood Ashes as Fertilizer
Wood ashes vary In composition,
There Is considerable difference due to
kind of wood from which they come
and they may vary, too, due to con-
ditions under which they have been
collected and kept. There are several
constituents of wood ashes that are of
importance in agriculture. The most
valuable are potash, phosphoric acid
and lime. Potash may vary from 2
or 3 per cent to as high as 138 or 14
per cent; phosphoric acld is not usu
ally much in evidence but may go as
high or higher than 2 per cent, while
lime may vary from 30 to 50 per cent.
Good unleached soft wood ashes are
likely to be of considerable value as
a fertilizer for roots and vegetables
other than potatoes.—Montreal Herald.
Red Clover Roots
The roots of red clover extend to
a depth of 4 to 6 feet, but much the
largest portion is in the upper foot
of soll. The proportion of root to top
has been variously estimated. The
Minnesota and Delaware agricultural
experiment stations found nearly half
as many pounds of root as of top; the
Wisconsin station one-quarter as much;
the Central experimental farm at Ot-
tawa more than two-thirds as much:
while In one-year-old clever in Michi
gan the weight of roots nearly equaled
that of tops. The percentage of the
total fertilizer ingredients in the crop
that Is found In stubble and roots Is
larger In red clover than In any other
legume except alfalfa, though figures
Apples Exported
The United States produces from
100,000000 to 250,000,000 bushels of
apples and, under normal conditions
exports from 17 per cent to 20 per cent
of the strictly commercial crop. From
1027 to 1082 Inclusive, based on quan.
tity or volume exported, apples ranked
third among all unmanufactured agri- |
cultural products, and based on value |
they ranked sixteenth on the lst of all
exported commodities for 1081 and
1032. Thus it Is seen that apples are |
of major importance as an export com: |
modity,
Apple Blotch
Apple blotch, the well-named star
fungus of our orchards, Is separate
and distinet from biack seadb on the
fruit. The name “star-fungus” Is a
good one, says a writer in the Rural
New-Yorker, as It characterizes by
shape the spot on apples and marks it
as different from scabs pot. Moreover,
blotch is a disease of twigs and side
branches as well as of leaves and
fruit. It has been estimated that
blotch causes on the average a loss of
about § per cent of the apple crop.
Many Advantages
in Country Life
Surrounds Resident
of Big City.
the summer to remember that
have,
which is at
but this does
mean that they are su-
What it signifies is that op-
tan centers
with villagers,
necessarily
perior,
different that each knows a differen
world, The person from the cl
mental
sure,
activity and financial
It Is not a restful life,
ney
nres
MS
a chance to get acquainted which is
not available to such a degree in
{ cold wenther, Vacation time is here.
i © Bell Syndicate.
What Is Wealth?
A woman has sald In court that
with $200,000 to her name she would
not call herself rich. In another
court a bankrupt sald that he did
not feel wealthy on £10000 a year
and sometimes was very hard up.
An actress who had more than £20.
O00 a year has told how she had to
spend 830,000, These people
missed a lot of fun. A man who
feels rich becnuse he has a dollar
in his pocket is fifty times as well
off as any of them. His Is a grand
and glorious feeling. — Manchester
| (Eng.) Sunday Chronicle,
WHR Bervice,
Wise Words
sitting around
Just
about
and
times
gone us anywhere In
| the direction of the good times that
| are to come. —ieorge M. Cohan,
the good old that
does not pet
most part, artificial. That is, they
are man made, There are lectures,
theaters, concerts and cultural ad-
vantages which are possible only
where there is sufficlent population
to support such ventures, The con-
stant contact with history in the
making, and with people, glves a
wide outlook, or it should, on such
matters, and a certain polish which
comes with constant association with
other persons. They
compa These are some of the
advantages of city life,
have an ease In
The person in the country bas nat-
ural He has time for
rd td
thought. He has the opportunity
advanta
mn
watch the seasons change from one
beauty to another, to know birds, and
lowers, and fruits, The book
of 1nture is his to study first hand.
He hag the advantages of pure alr,
of quiet nights, and of whole
range of benefits which the city per-
son goes inte the country to get, on
vacations. There are many scholarls
country people, and real thinkers.
From the viewpoint of h
roundings natural advantages,
f in favor the
irees,
the
:
ia of
country dweller.
It seems a r that there shoul
not be
each group of song by each group
instead rleavage
found between city and
Each has a
AS a8 matter of fact, eac
a great deal to
other,
A
a
a real mutual appreciation of
whic
ountry folk
little air of superiority
Hh BR
contribute to the
summer
gE the
THERE'S A LIMIT
Good manners do not require thar
one be Imposed on,
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make your car stay beautiful
for lile—and that is to Simoniz
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use the wonderful Simonis
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It quickly brings back all the
beauty your car had when
new. Simoniz, too, is easy to
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ish, makes it last longer,
and keeps the colors from
fading. So, the sooner you
Simoniz your caz, the better.
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You can “Simoniz’’ a car only
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HEQE YOU ARE, JOE
Bo Aisin
oA
Vv
ps
em met
TI ke
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You GOT TO BE |
s/
een
PTY
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1 LL TELL YOU OnE
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