* *
Be a Candidate for President.
By WILLIAM C. UTLEY
N 1808, when Admiral Dewey's
guns had hardly concluded their
pronouncement that America had
become a world pewer, and the
echoes were still rumbling over Ma-
nila bay, the 10,000,000 Inhabitants of
the Philippines were already demand-
ing complete political independence.
Ten years from this coming Fourth
of July they may get It at last, after a
long struggle, both physical and diplo-
matic. President Franklin D.
velt signed his name In Ink to the con
stitution of the new Philippine gov-
ernment. So did Manuel Quezon, pres
ident of the island senate. Six weeks
before that, members of the Philippine
house of representatives signed It,
of them in his own blood.
Philippine Independence has not al-
ways been our worry. The struggle
had its beginning centuries before the
United States ever existed.
The story really opens, so far as the
white race Iz concerned, in
1521, when Fernando Magell
most irrepressible of all
“discovered™ the archipelago of the
eastern Pacific. It may well Lm-
agined that Skipper Magellan's heart-
fes, with many moons on the open sea
having depleted their food to
the extent that the dinner menu con-
sisted of fricassee of leather riggings
and bolled tongue (of shoe)
islands with delight.
and sugar, which would have been just
another Tuesday night dessert at Mrs
Gomez’ Seaman's home back
Spain, must have looked
a banquet for the gia
Senor Magellan
because he ell in love w th f
ery. He was killed by
{sland of Mactan. And
of his stoul-hearted crew
around the globe without him.
When the boys got back he
were pretty much the to
respective communit
vited to addy
Rotary and the Iberian equis
what we call the lot St league
Egged on with bribes of hot tamales
and rare Castillian wi they were
not above wr
noritas with of
their daring Mixed in with
thelr revelations there was probably
a little truth and the word eventually
got out that there were Philippine is
lands somewhere in the Pacifie, say
about two mutinies and three famines
out from Barcelona.
Bullied the Natives.
At any rate, Spanish sailors of the
next generation again found the Phil
fppines, and began bullying the na
tives into submission In 1565, gaining
complete control in 1570. It is doubt-
ful If these Spaniards new, or any-
body else knew until the Rand-McNal-
ly map makers got busy, that their new
colonial holdings included T7083 is
lands—two of them, Luzon and Min-
danao, 40000 and 38.000 square miles
in area, and nine more than
L000 square miles aplece
However, Filipinos, like elephants,
never forget, and the idea of complete
Independence kept rankling in their
minds for quite a spell anti! ia 1868 it
swelled forth in open revolt under
Emilio Aguinaldo. The Spanish rul
ers pacified Senor Aguinalde with
threats, promises and goodness knows
how many pesetag, and he and his
principal henchmen retired to the het
erogeneous obscurity of Hong Kong In
1897, there to plam their subsequent
revolt of 1808,
In that year America won the war
with Spain and Spain ceded the Islands
to the United States for £20.000000.
The Filipinos thought they ought to be
given Independence at that time, and
when they failed to get it they broke
out again and were not pacified until
July 4, 1001,
The United States still later arrest.
ed an Independence movement by
granting them an autonomous gov
ernment under the Jones act of 1916
The Islanders were quick to offer thelr
ald to the United States in the World
war, and as soon as It was over be.
gan a consistent petitioning for inde
pendence which has never subsided,
Must Wait Ten Years.
They made some headway In Decem-
ber of 1032, when congress passed the
loose.
one
the year
an, that
gadabouts,
be
supply
1 to th
¥ fie
£1 ise
. but not
¢ sScen
is still th
the
nat
what rema
Yes on
ined
cant
18ts of their
and
ess the local Kiw
ies in-
inis aod
alent of
wire
ove
nes,
gpeilbhinding
relnctant
deeds,
wide-eyed
admissions
others
Inset, Emilio Aguinaldo, Who May
Hawes-Cutting bill. This provided
that, subject to the approval of the bill
by the Phillppine legislature, the is
lands would be allowed to draw up a
republican constitution which would
have to be acceptable both to them
and to the President of the United
States. Then, after a period of ten
years, the Islands would be granted
complete Independence. During the
ten years, exports and the number of
Philipp! immigrants to the United
States would be restricted, After that
the islands were to be outside
American tariff wall,
President Hoover the
January 13, 1833, on the grounds that
it had been selfishly planned to
American agriculture against Phi
pine labor and products: it did
satisfactorily American
sponsibility towards the islanders,
were unready for independence (“Eco
nomic independence of the Philippines
must attained
dependence can be successful” was the
way put it); and It would lay the
pen to the dangers of turbu
litions In the Far East
the veto four days la-
ine
vetoed
protect
lip
not
discharge re
who
be before
he
islands o
lent con Con-
gress overrode
ter. The
the bill nine months afterward.
under the conditions of the
MeDuffle bill
Tydings-
which was passed by the
Roosevelt,
the Jones act
which It
iy increa
voroeoen
Its chief differences
are in the manner
allows the Islands a
sod
wnt from the Unit
pt ple to t
finally
July 4, 1945,
At present all Philippine exports to
the United ne in
The TydingsMcDuffle bill
that in the sixth year of the ten
commonwealth period a duty of
i be levied. This will
uated annually until at the
years the duty would be 25 per cent.
Economic experts are generally of the
opinion that this would cut terrifically
into Philippine exports, some even con
from
o 3
gradaal-
dosage of economie di
ed St
site bef
to cul away
ites for
re they de
all ties
States os uuty
year
per
be grad
end of five
nomically ruined even before
guined their complete Independence.
Varied Resources.
The Philippines are not, as many
folks In the metropolitan centers of
the states might believe, a nation of
elevator operators, bus boys and pro
fessional ping-pong players They
raise great quantities of rice, sugar
cane, hemp, manila, coconut, corn, to
bacco and maguey. Their forestry,
fishing and mining Is important. They
manufacture sugar, cocon, coconut oil,
cigars and cigarettes, chocolate and
coffee,
In 1805, before the American market
wns opened up to them, the exports
totaled about $10,000000, In 1020 it
had reached $104.000,000, although
everything but sugar slumped to a
considerable degree during the depres.
sion that followed. While only 8 per
cent of the exports reached the Unit.
ed States before the islands became
an American possession, 61 per cent
of them are today sold in American
markets,
The present agreement Is not what
the Philippines have long hoped for,
but in their enthusiasm they hate ap-
parently decided it is about all they
will get, for in the island plebiscite
which followed the signing of the con
stitution by President Roosevelt, they
approved the document by an over:
whelming vote. Women voted for the
first time in’the history of nn oriental
country, as the result of a bill passed
by the legislature last December and
signed by Gov. Gen, Frank Murphy,
former mayor of Detroit.
The new Philippine constitution,
which now becomes effective as soon
as the existing government is terminat.
ed by a proclamation of President
Roosevelt, is much like our own Con.
stitution, with the following Important
differences :
The president may serve only one
term, six years. He ean veto any part
of any bill. The legislature, with two
minor exceptions, eanndbt appropriate
more money than his budget calls for,
The vice president Is a member of the
cabinet, and eabinet members may
speak before the legislature.
There will be only
body, the assembly. In times of war
or other great national emergency It
can vote to make the president a dic
tator., The Supreme court will have
eleven justices, automatically retired
at seventy, who can declare a law or
ional by a two thirds
one legislative
majority vote.
Women to Vote on Suffrage.
Literate men over twenty-one will
A plebiscite will
years on woman suf
S000 women vote for |
ir i
given the
be held in two
frage, and if
they will be
right of sufl-
All natu
the
ral resources are to become
of not
ger than 25 years. The
ay operate and establish Indus.
and systems of communication
in the
The state will
labor and regulate relations
landlords and tenants an
and capital. It may
arbitration,
will be ratified by a mak
and that body
declare war.
property the st ite, be
leased for lon
state m
tries
to
interests of
pro-
he.
tween be.
pro
for
Treat
ity
alone may
Althou gh
was a landslide In
constitution, It was held In the
ch was the bloodiest
irs. There
Constabu-
compulsory
OR
of the assembly,
the plebiscite on May 14
favor of the new
in hr
Wake
d= had seen in 15 } yes
eral actual battles
officers ult
but not
dead and 54
r
iry
ising
imately ae]
until 61 rebels were
and 10 constabu-
faries wounded, and Murphy
were in the United States at the time,
Dissatisfaction with the trade re
of Tydings McDuflle
¢ things upon which
the was blamed. It Is thought
in circles that the Filipinos
will not be 80 anxious for independence
they are now, when 1845 rolls
if the bill Is foliowed to the
ed the up-
1
rebels
Quezon
irement the
revolt
many
fetter,
Economic Future,
A congressional committee headed
by Senator Millard F. Tydings of
Maryland, co-author of the bill, has
Just returned from the Islands with
recommendations which will probably
provide material for a study of their
economic future. The bill calis for a
conference on that subject one year
before the commonwealth period ex.
pires, but it is probable that this will
take place at an earlier date,
The final outcome, it Is thought, will
result in one of the following possi.
bilities:
(1) Complete Independence, exactly
as proposed, which will involve (ac
cording to most authorities) economic
ruin and probable absorption of the
Uhilippines by “an Oriental power”
(2) Independence, exchanging tariff
preference to the islands for free en
try of American goods,
(3) Dominion government of the ls
lands, allowing them trade preference,
but keeping a political string attached
to them
The islands are determined to have
independence, complete and at any
cost, according to Quezon, who has
fought for it in diplomatic circles In
this country for many years, served as
president of the "island senate since
1016, and will in all likelihood be its
first president,
The dapper little diplomat,
where about sixty years of age, ad
ably make mistakes.
“What nation does not? he asked.
“But we have been prepared for our
adventure by a great republic. We
been rewarded for our trust. We have
depended apon you and we have not
ean count upon you in the future”
oppose Quezon for the presidency is
Aguinaldo, the same Emilio Aguinal
Quezon then was his trusted lieutenant,
© Western Newspaper Union,
WAY OFF TO ONE SIDE
A country storekeeper from
On his return, he was
store the first evening.
listeners, “Cars scootin’
nin’ over yer head,
trains a-divin’
miles o'
a-chasin’
of 'em, millions ¢o
streets, an’ autos
over the street,
right, as I say, but it'll
It's too fur away.”
Mis
all
all
Sour Stomach
Gas and Headache
due to
Constipation
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A
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