BETTING a new precedent, President
Roosevelt “acted as his own mes-
senger” and personally returned to
Speaker Byrne the Patman bonus
measure with his dis-
approval, lefore =a
jeint session of the
house and senate and
crowded galleries the
Chief Executive read
his veto message, an
able and well ordered
document in which he
set forth his convie
tion that “the welfare
of the nation as well
as the future welfare
of the veterans wholly
justifies my disapprov-
al of this measure.” Asserting that an
able-bodied citizen, even though he
wore a uniform, should not be accord
ed treatment different from that of
ocher citizens, he sald:
“The veteran who is disabled owes
his condition to the war, The healthy
veteran who is unemployed owes his
troubles to the depression. Any at-
teinpt to mingle the two problems is
to confuse our efforts.”
Mr. Roosevelt's stern warning
against the dangers of Inflation Inher.
ent In the measure was listened to In
silence, though there was mild ap-
lause at other times. All his argu-
ment was In vain so far as the house
was concerned, for as he left the
chamber there were quick demands for
a vote and by the time he had reached
the White House the representatives
hed overridden his veto and again
passed the bill by a vote of 322 to 88,
In the affirmative were 248 Democrats,
64 Republicans, 7 Progressives and 3
Farmer-Laborites. Those voting to
sustain the veto were 60 Democrats
and 38 Republicans,
The re-passed bill was lald before
the senate by Vice President Garner,
ind Senator Thomas insisted on the
reading of the veto message in that
body. Action was postponed for one
day because a lot of the senators
wanted to make speeches.
The debate in the senate was long
and perfervid, and quite unnecessary
because the result of the vote had been
a certainty for several days. Fifty
four senators voted to override the
veto; but 40 supported the President,
and only 32 were needed to kill the
measure. Three members had switched
over from their stand when the bill
was first passed. They were Pittman
of Nevada, Pope of Idaho and Coolidge
of Massachusetts, all Democrats. The
only absentee was Norbeck of South
Dakota. Dennis Chaves, the new sen.
ator from New Mexico, caused a sur-
prise by voting to uphold the veto,
President
Roosevelt
inflationists
President has already approved the
allocation of about $1,000.000000 for
immediate work projects. Other
measures, as riders to navy or legisia-
tive appropriation bills, were being
drafted. So there was a prospect of a
great tangle In the administration's
legislative program.
N ITS annual statement the Ford
Motor company discloses that it
made a galn of $3,750,311 in 1934 over
the previous year, to a total of $580.
276,301. Just before these figures were
made public, the company announced
that the minimum daily wage of its
employees wotild be raised from $5 a
day to $6, adding $2.000000 a month
ito the pay roll. The Ford and Lincoln
iplants in Detroit and all other cities
‘share In this revision of the wage scale.
Henry Ford began boosting the wage
scale back In 1914, and In answer to
adverse criticlsm of economists, he
made the pay Increases a policy of his
company. He put the minimum wage
at £6 In 1919 and ten years later raised
it to $7, where it remained until the
end of 1021. With the depression it
fell back to $4, but In March, 1934, a
raise to $5 was made. The company's
‘announcement says:
“The Ford Motor eompany has pald
its workmen a total of $623.000,000 over
and above what the company need to
thave pald had it followed the general
wage scale.”
ISS JANE ADDAMS, "first citizen
of Chicago,” Internationaly famed
‘as a social worker and peace advocate,
has gone to her reward, and her pass
‘ing Is deeply mourned by the many
thousands of poor and unfortunate per-
pons for whom she had made life more
endurable. She started her real life
work In 1880 among the Italians and
sther foreigners om Chicago's West
side, founding Hull House, which grew
into the most famous social settlement
in America. Later her activities were
extended to the amelioration of swent
shop conditions, the child labor prob
lem, and then to the matter of Inter.
national peace. During the war she
was made president of the women's in-
ternational peace conference at The
Hague, and she Interviewed the officials
of virtually every one of the belligar-
ent nations, Three times she presided
at the sessions of the International
Congress of Women, and she was prom-
inent In many humanitariag move
ments, But it is as the head of Hull
House and the tireless friend of the
poor and underprivileged that her mem-
ory will live longest.
I ——
Go: MARTIN L. DAVET of Ohlo
withdrew the warrant charging
Federal Relief Administrator Harry
Hopkins with criminal libel, go the ad.
ministrator was able to visit Cleveland
and make a speech without being ar-
rested. The governor sald that “all
the objectives which were sought have
been accomplished and no good purpose
can be served by carrying on guerilla
warfare,”
IRST of the list of projects to be
undertaken under the works relief
program is the Passamaquoddy tidal
power scheme, and there is a lot of
grumbling because It
was placed at the
head of the line by
the President himself.
This project was once
turned down as un
economic by Secretary
Ickes, the assertion
being that it would
cost too much In com.
parison with the re.
turns that might be
expected, would take
too long for comple
tion and was in a region where so
much work relief was not needed. But
Mr. Roosevelt, whose Campobello sum-
mer cottage Is near the location of
the proposed dam site, Is said to be
personally Interested in the project,
believing It will bring new Industries
to the area.
Anyhow, this big Malne project is to
go ahead, and Ma). Phillip B. Fleming
of the army engineers corps has been
chosen to take charge of the construc
tion. Major Fleming has been serving
in the PWA for some time but has
been released for this Eastport work.
Major Fleming
N ADDITION to the Passamaquoddy
project, ealling for $10,000,000, about
a billion dellars In work-relief allot.
ments were given verbal apprewal by
the President, these having been favor.
ably passed by on by the allotment
board. Included in this program are
extensive rivers and
Wisconsin,
Senator La Follette and his brother,
Governor La Follette, and approved by
the administration.
These Initial allotments will put a
lot of men to work in a short time, for
the plans for many of the projects al.
ready are complete. Mr. Roosevelt
pointed out that 25 to 50 per cent of
the work-rellef funds to be spent in the
various states would go out through
mandatory allotments to such units as
the OCC, highway construction and
grade-crossing elimination. Funds for
these expenditures were earmarked In
the bill
N AN executive order the President
established pay rates under the $4.
880,000,000 work-relief measure, dividing
the country into four sections In set
ting regional wages. Pay will range
from $19 a month for unskilled labor
ers in the South to $4 a month for
professional and technical workers In
the East. The wages will be from 20
to 30 per cent below the prevailing
wage rate structure throughout the
country.
EICHSFUEHRER HITLER, ap
pearing before the reichstag, out.
lined a 13 point program for disarm-
ament and the improvement of inter
national relations, and did it so well
it eannot well be ignored by the other
nations of Europe. He again rejected
the resolution of the League of Nations
council condemning him for the re
arming of Germany, but sald Germany
might return to the league if that body
divorced itself from the principles of
the Versailles treaty and from the
“psychology of victors and vanquished”
and “after Germany Is granted full
equality rights, extending to all fune-
tions and privileges In international
life.”
To the great satisfaction of Great
Britain, Hitler promised to respect the
territorial clauses of the Versallles
treaty, which, he said, could not be
modified by unilateral action. He de-
clared Germany was willing to sign
non-aggression pacts with all her neigh-
bors except Lithuania, and to agree to
an arms embargo if others would do
the same. Also the reich Is ready to
sign an alr convention supplementing
the Locarno pact.
Ma). Gen. Walter von Relchenan, di
rector of the ministry of defense, an-
nounced that under the new conscription
decrees the classes of 1914 and 1015
Germany's “war babies" —would be
called ap for medical examinations
starting June 1. The able men of the
class of 1014 will be enlled to the col.
ors November 1 for the army and alr
force. Tha class of 1015 is to be con-
scripted for the labor service at the
same time,
Nations council, defled the Itallan
war preparations and gave warning
that she “would yleld neither to intimi-
dation nor to violence.” Capt. Anthony
Eden and Pierre Laval tried In vain to
persuade Baron Aloisi, Itallan delegate,
to accept a gift of exclusive economic
privileges in Ethiopia In exchange for
saving the league's face and keeping
a united front in Europe. The states.
men in Geneva began to believe there
was no way of stopping Mussolini's Af-
rican adventure. The Rome
ish are promoting the ghipment of war
materials to Ethiopia through
Somaliland. Emperor Halle Selassie
planes from Turkey,
were sold to the Turks by British firms.
ANEUVERS of the Pacific fleet
plane accident. A seaplane plunged into
the ocean 40 miles south of Midway is-
land and the six members of its crew
were lost. The victims were: Lieut
Harry Brandenburger, Lieut. Charles
J. Kelly, Aviation Chief Machinist's
Mate P. C. Litts, Chief Radioman C.
M. Derry, First Machinist's Mate P. J.
Protean and Third Machinist's Mate Q.
oH Sharpe,
ENATO.: WAGNER
and Represer tative
Ohlo offered In the seuate and honse
identical railroad labor pe: bills
drafted In a way to meet the objec
tions of the Supreme court to the law
it declared unconstitutional.
of New York
Crosspr of
ion
\W/ EEX Dennis Chavez was brought
into the senate to be sworn In as
successor to the late Bronson Cutting
of New Mexico, six “liberal” mem-
bers silently walked out of the cham.
ber in protest against the efforts that
had been made to unseat Mr. Cutting.
Those who participated In this un.
precedented action were: Senators
Hiram Johnson, California: William
E. Borah, Idaho; George Norris, Ne
braska; and Gerald P. Nye, North
Dakota, Republican Independents: and
Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Pro-
gressive; and Henrlk Shipstead, Min.
nesota Farmer-Laborite,
Russia's immense airplane, the
Maxim Gorky, largest land plane
in the world, was destroyed when it
collided with a small training plane
over a Moscow suburb, collapsed at a
height of 2000 feet and fell in ruins
All on board, 48 In number, were
killed, as was the pliot of the small
plane. The victims were mostly engl.
neers and workers of the Central Aero.
dynamic Institute and members of
their families who were being taken
for a pleasure ride,
§ PORE? bearings were opened by
the house military affairs commit
tee to Investigate charges that the
Tennessee Valley authority already
has squandered $1,000,.
000 of government
money in questionable
awards of contracts
for dynamite and pow-
der and through other
irregularities Arthor
E. Morgan, head of
the TVA. and his two
fellow directors, David
¢ Lilienthal and Har
ma court A. Morgan, were
summoned before the
A. E. Morgan mittee.
The charges are contained in an
audit of the TVA made by Comptroller
covered are:
The awarding without competitive
the government for an indefinite sum
of money, estimated at $815.000.
Overpayments of an original con
tract by as much as 120 per cent,
Awarding of contracts, in contraven-
tion of law, to firms which were not
low,
tractor to post performance bond and
legal prohibition agalnst advance pay-
vate business houses, or In other ir
regular ways
charges, and to be ready to make
some disclosures of their own.
The inquiry came as the administra.
tion was trying to get the house com:
mittee to report favorably the bill,
recently passed by the genate, provid.
ing more money for the TVA and en
larging its scope of operations,
Hovse leaders were hurrying to
ward passage the administration's
anendments to the AAA act, enlarg.
ing the powers of that organization,
the demand of opponents for long de
bate being denied. It was certain this
measure would arouse controversy in
presence of a brilliant assemblage. A
week of activities preceded the cere
mony, attracting great throngs to the
Swedish capital,
I ——
SEEN~HEARD
around the
National Capital
SSS By CARTER FIELD ass
Washington~—In Paris a new Ford
sedan costs, delivered, just about
$1,700, Or about $1,000 more than it
does In most American cities, Or about
two and one half times the American
price,
Which is of the essence when it
comes to the problem of removing in-
ternational trade barriers, as that prob-
lem is now being attacked, from two
widely different angles and with much
animosity between the advocates of the
dell Hull and Foreign Trade Adviser
to the President, George N. Peek.
The amazing point about this price
for Fords in Paris is that the French
duty on automobiles has nothing to do
with it! The Ford ears sold in Parls
are not made in the United States, but
in Strasbourg. Nor is the main ele.
ment of this astonishing difference In
cost due to high duties on the parts
It Is almost exclusively due to the dif
ference in cost of manufacture,
This difference in manufacturing
costs results from the fact that
factory at Strasbourg, while as modern
as Ford engineers ean make it,
not have the quantity production ele
ment which makes most of the popu
lar small ears so cheap In America.
That the writer Is in-
formed, accounts for about $000 of the
£1,000 difference In price here and in
Paris,
Wages are an inconsequential phase
or would be, If mass production could
be utilized In Strasbourg. It Is per
fectly true that the labor cost of con-
structing a car In France Is much high
er than In America, but the workers
are pald less than those in Dearborn.
The difference is comparable to that
of a man plowing with a tractor and
one plowing with one horse. The man
with the horse may be just as good a
farmer, but he takes many times as
long to plow an acre.
The same point applies to the differ.
ence between turning out twenty cars
and turning out a thousand or two
thousand a day.
Dealer's Profits
Even If there were no tariff—or far
more important-—ne quota-—in France
against importation of American auto
mobiles, of course, they could not be
sold us cheaply in France as they are
in the United States. The chief addi
tinnal cost would be In dealers’ profits
French dealers could not expect to sell
a8 many, and therefore would have to
make more on each car than dealers
in American cities
The element of freight would be very
small. As evidenced by the fact that
$100 Is just about the top price for
hauling a car from any American At
lantic port to any European port. This
Is the priee charged by the deluxe Ital
ian liners from New York to Naples.
It Is much less on slower boats to the
North sea ports
Actually, adding about
freight would be liberal
The point of the whole case is that
if international trade barriers could
be removed, the people of the various
countries of the world could enjoy a
much higher standard of living than is
at present the case. Yet fear on ev
the
does
one element,
$20 for
ward lowering these barriers the whole
trend In the werld is for ralsing them.
As for example, the sharp limitation
on Imports of American automobiles
machinery, and other items, by Italy
and Poland. Just last month!
German visitors to Washington in
the last few weeks have talked gloom.
fly about the prospects of each nation
becoming self-contained.
“It means black bread for our peo.
ple,” one of them sald, “but we can do
it. What makes us despondent is that
It seems so unnecessary.”
A back-stalrs compromise has heen
reached on the public utility holding
company bill, which has so modified
Its original drastic provisions that in
all probability the White House will
teeth back in”
that
Present prospects are
this effort, which Is expected
There is no dis
counting the flood of protests from util.
ity stockholders which has poured In
on Individual senators and members of
the house. It has turned the tide, not
to the point where the national legis.
Iators would openly defy the White
House, but to a status where they are
not willing to jump through hoops at
the executive command,
One of the Important phases of the
new compromise is that it will exempt
from Its provision all holding compa.
nies whose Interests are confined to
operating companies Inside one state.
This does not sound important, but it
lets a lot of rather big fish through the
net.
Another modification Is even more
important. It exempts from the pro-
visions of the proposed law holding
companies whose operations are chief.
ly In one state, but extend for short
distances beyond its borders. This
would affect such Important holding
companies as Consolidated Gas of New
York, Public Service of New Jersey,
and People's Gas of Chicago.
Still another compromise provision
would exempt holding companies that
be let out. Which of eourse pacifies
thelr stockholders, thus reducing the
ammount of opposition that the final
form of the bill might bring down on
the devoted heads of senators and
members of the house who vote its
final passage.
“May” and “Shall”
In the undercover negotintions
which led to this compromise some of
the gentlemen interested in saving as
many utility holding companies as pos-
sible nearly lost thelr battle after they
thought they had it won. The first
draft of text that emerged stated these
exemptions In language which used the
word “may.” That is, it gave the se-
curities commission the right to ex-
einpt these companies If in its discre-
tion it saw fit to do 80. One of those
most concerned hit the ceiling when
he read that “may.” He got very busy
indeed, and the draft now reads
“shall” Meaning that such companies
“shall” be exempted instead of “may”
be exempted,
Still another modification does leave
discretion with the securities commis.
slon. This is to extend from five years
to seven years the length of time in
which companies still retained under
the death sentence may be allowed in
which to wind up thelr affairs and
liquidate,
Which in a way Is the most interest-
ANC
ment used to give thi
ing of all the ch For the argu-
s additions #
eretion would not be ated at
White
enough
appre«
House at all. It
leeway
the holding company act
wis tha
should be provided
to permit a
reversal of policy by the administration
“following the Roosevelt second term 1”
in the that things did not
work out as expected
And the fact that the argument got
somewhere—that it has been accepted
by some very important senstors and
members of the house-—would seem to
indicate that some perfectly good Dem-
OCrats are no longer taking all the pro-
posed brain trust legisistion as havy-
ing been divinely Inspired.
ust event
More Taxes Certain
More taxes are certain, despite all
the propaganda by the administration
one way, and by the bonus advocates
the other. The taxes would be needed
even If there were no bonus legisiation
at all, But there is going to be bonus
legislation. Arguments by bonus
byists that to override the veto means
the soldiers will get nothing are just
80 much drivel If the bonus veto is
sustained in the senate, as is now gen-
erally some bonus measure
will which President
Roosevelt will sign.
lob
expected,
be passed later,
can and
This will probably be something
very far from the Harrison
mise, though the President has always
hoped that eventual cost to the
treasury could be to $1,200,000,
000 which the Harrison plan exceeds
by at least $100.000.0600,
Every one agrees that the present
so-called nuisance taxes, which expire
in June, must be continued The only
one allowed to drop was that of 2
cents on each check, which expired last
January,
Probability Is that the most certaln
of all proposed new taxes to be adopt
ed before adjournment of the present
session of congress is an Increase in
the inheritance taxes,
These 6it In with the New Deal phi-
losophy. It must be remembered that
the Roosevelt ideal contemplates a na-
tion of little fellows—no outstanding
giants. Every man with enough to buy
an automobile, But pone with enough
to buy a yacht—unless it's a saliboat.
This is revealed in the intense desire
to hold down profits—to hold down big-
ness-—to protect the little fellow
against the big. Which is true despite
the frequent allegation that NRA was
in the interest of the big fellows, and
against the little man.
Fly in Ointment
Arother phase of New Deal policy
right down this same alley was the se-
curities act—and the stock exchange
regulation bill. The idea was not only
to hold profits on ordinary business
down to a low percentage, but to pre-
vent speculative profits of any kind,
Analyzed critically, it is easy to see
that this would tend to prevent any-
one not now rich from becoming so.
not
Comnpro-
the
held
Strict supervision of new security is
sues and curtailment of speculation,
all tended in the direction of presery-
ing existing fortunes,
They could snipe at them with heavy
taxation, particularly on incomes, and
on the corporation from which the in.
come was derived. But a fortune in-
ample, would be impervious to both.
ers of Inheritance taxes. Cynics com
thing about some of the very large for
tunes now iu existence. They regard
them as a menace—a constant threat
not only to the success of the New
Deal politically, but to the actual work-
ing of New Deal ideals,
The New Dealers are helped in this
aspiration to chisel away at the big
fortunes by death duties by
Dental Hygiene
@ A
The Road to Health
By DR. R. ALLEN GRIFFITH
DISCOLORED TEETH
EETH are never pure white. A
negro’s teeth look white because of
the contrast with his dark skin. Most
teeth are a blending yellow and
blue. The enamel and dentine are hoth
semi-translucent, the dentine carrying
of
the underlying color, which is
or less yellow,
more
Discoloration of the teeth is usual.
ly due to deposits on the outer sur-
face, to fil
teeth
ngs or to drugs to treat
Deposits that form on the outer
surfaces of teeth
mation of
come
are due to the for.
mucin plaque
stained by
This class of
fallure to
clean,
food, ODACeo,
stains: is due entirely to
keep the tootl
In certain parts
many of the children have ba
ted teeth and
is due
water,
Where the enamel
away so the
very easily discolored
teeth
srt
erupt
their cut
three serrations which
the teeth are used. This
: > fur
with age and
stances, the
finally, In many
throu
Many to-
very
enamel worn
Discoloration then is CRs)
bacco users’ teeth finally
dark as the staln
the tiny
through
smoke wil
become
tenetratoes
canals which
the Women who
1 ind thelr front teeth grow-
dentine,
ing
Erow
disgustingly unsightly as they
oider,
Pitted
discoloration,
ly due to chil
measles, scarlet fever, ete.
that interferes with
a short period of tin
in the Yet the
directly attacked by these di
many people Dentists are
frequently asked if the pits are not
produced on the the same
manner as they are p
face in chickenpox. This is
he pits are a secondary result,
that all the powers of the
teeth are also a source of
Pits in
ood diseases, such as
Any lliness
nutri for
ne may cause pits
teeth are usual-
the
teeth teeth are not
SCRECE AS
Suppose,
teeth In
roduced on the
not true,
due
to the fact
gystem are concentrated on combating
the disease and Its effects, during the
period when the teeth are forming.
Pitted teeth because
they afford a for
fermentation of food. They are usually
treated by filling which is necessary
after decay starts
decay rapidly
idging place the
Many of these
cases can be treated by polishing The
enamel can be polished down until the
surface Is smooth, which prevents de-
cay, and removes and prevents a re-
turn of the discoloration.
. * *
CITY VS. COUNTRY TEETH
T IS a commonly accepted theory
that the country boy is healthier than
the city boy. With his advantages of
outdoor life and exercise, he should
be, but many statistics show that be is
not. The physical examination of the
school children of the United States
shows that the country child is from
5 to 20 per cent more defective than
the city child.
Take the tuberculosis statistics as a
test,
We have been taught that fresh alr
and outdoor life are the panacea for
tuberculosis. We read advertisements
everywhere declaring that this, that
or the other sanitarium, located in
some distant part of th~ country, offers
& sure cure for tuberculosis, largely
on account of climatic conditions,
Statistics show that only a fraction
of 1 per cent of city children have
tuberculosis, in spite of the smoky at-
mosphere of the city, while 87 per
cent of country children have an af.
fection of the lungs. The proportion
runs just about four to one against the
rural youngsters,
This list could be carried on in-
definitely,
To what 1s this condition due?
It can only be due to one thing. The
city child gets better medical and
dental attention than the country child.
No one can go through our country
districts without noticing the dirty,
unkempt mouths of most people.
They seldom visit a dentist except to
Bad teeth ure acknowledged to have
teeth without doubt play an important
part in the poor showing of the coun-
try child.
The army draft in the late war dis
far better teeth and is more perfect
physically than the boy from the rural
districts. The city boy has a far better
opportunity to come In contact with