DMINISTRATION forces using
steam roller tactics crushed all
opposition to jam the President's
$4,800,000,000 relief program through
the house. Efforts to
fight the grant of such
unprecedented author-
ity to the President
were unavailing as the
White House cracked
the whip over revolt-
ing representatives, Fi.
nal vote on the meas-
ure was 828 to 78,
The vote climaxed a
furious eight-hour de-
bate on the measure.
Members attempted to
attach amendments
which would protect private industry
from government projects which might
be launched under the relief plan,
When this failed they endeavored to
allocate the money for specific pur-
poses.
When the debate bad reached Its
height, the President sent a message
to the house declaring it would be
impossible to segregate items for which
the money would be expended, but that
the huge outlay of sums would be de-
voted to public projects and that after
the immediate crisis of unemployment
President
Roosevelt
year for the “national plan.”
The White House message was the
signal for the Democratic
push the message across
change from its original form.
final vote 26 Republicans voted
the bill
Farmer-Laborites also registered
firmative votes. Ten Democrats,
from Georgia, three from Virginia,
two from Indiana,
gition.
Jecause of the
only
with little
af-
five
and
the house, amendments
measure, Such minor
out serious opposition.
a list of projects that might be includ-
ed In spending the $4.000,000000 and
left the vast sum to be used for “fed-
eral or nonfederal projects” actually
broadened the powers of the President.
The $500,000,000 will be used at the
President's discretion for relief pur-
into effect.
Apother amendment struck out a
subsection which gave the President
authority to postpone the end of any
existing government agency. This was
& move to satisfy certain Democrats
who were opposed to Secretary Ickes,
and his PWA program which expires
in June. Another clause granting au-
thority to the President to acquire
personal property by the power of
eminent domain was also removed, as
was the section granting the Chief
Executive the power to impose two
years’ Imprisonment on any violator,
The only other amendment which sue-
cesded in passage was one which pro-
vided that an accounting be made for
all moneys spent.
Minority Leader Snell attacked the
bill declaring that the money involved
amounted to one-eighth of the nation-
al income, and that the house was en-
titled to know what the money was
for. Later in conceding the minority's
defeat he sald that If the opposition
was free to speak its mind, the bill
would be defeated two to one, but that
under the executive lash, there was
no chance of defeating it,
EW DEALERS sighed with relief
as the Supreme court recessed
until February 4 without handing down
its decision In the gold cases, thus
giving the administration more time
In which to prepare legislation de
signed to handle the situation in the
event the court renders an adverse
decision,
At the same time the court promised
to decide a case presenting a clear-cut
test of the constitutionality of the na-
tional recovery act, and which will
probably have considerable effect upon
the unitimate fate of the already be
draggled Blue Eagle.
J FIsLATION which would permit
the small Investor to buy govern
ment securities and which provides for
radical changes In government finan
cing has been Introduced in the house
by Chairman Doughton of the house
ways and means committee,
The bill, prepared by the Treasury
department, places the administration
squarely against Inflation. I provides
authority to raise money necessary for
the public works, social security and
similar measures, meet federal deficits,
and might even be used to provide
funds for payment of the soldiers’
bonus,
Under provisions of ihe measure
there would be ten-year bonds in
amounts s&s small as $25 and as ex
plained by the Treasury department,
would be sold below par, There would
be no Interest, but each six months
the bonds would appreciate In value
at the rate of 2% per cent, plus con
pounded earnings,
Huge sums are lovolved: first, the
creation of a revolving bond suthoriza-
tion fund of $2.000000000; and sec
ond, the consolidation of the two pres-
ent revolving funds of $10,000.000,000
each into a joint $20,000,000,000 fund
for bills, certificates and notes.
NEW lease of life for the Recon.
struction Finance corporation was
geen as a result of a favorable vote hy
the senate banking committee, after
hearing Jesse Jones RFC chdirman,
and Commissioner Charles D. Mahaflie
of the Interstate commerce commis
sion,
The
to buy
proposed bill permits the RFC
railroad obligations in reorgani-
zation proceedings with the approval
of the ICC; to buy stock In mortgage
loan companies and similar financial
institutions; to purchase the assets
of closed banks under certain con-
ditions; to increase authorized In
vestments In preferred stock and cap-
ital notes of Insurance companies, and
to continue the Commodity Credit
corporation and the Export-Import
WW EITEFACED, under the glare of
the courtroom lights, but appar-
ently cool, Bruno Richard Hauptmann
took the stand to begin his fight for
es life. The little Flem.
RE ington (N. J) court-
house was packed as
the man accused of the
murder of the first
born son of Charles A.
Lindbergh began his
testimony which he ap-
pears confident will
save him from the elec
trie chair,
Calmly, he told of
his early life, of his
War service, and ad-
mitted that he had
His
Bruno
Hauptmann
the room as he recounted how he had
made three attempts to enter this coun.
try before he was successful,
Under the smooth questioning of
Chief Defense Counsel Rellly he re
lated the details of his life up until the
time of the Lindbergh baby kidnaping.
and then proposed the alibl upon which
he Is apparently relying for acquittal
Hauptmann declared that on the
night of April 2, 1032, when £50000
was paid to a man in St. Raymond's
home until about dleven o'clock and
that he did not leave his home at all
that evening. He also denied that he
had been absent from work on the day
the kidnaping took place
Two witnesses Introduced by the
defense to establish Hauptmann's all
bl were not entirely satisfactory. Chris
tian Frederickson, Bronx baker, sald
Hauptmann's wife had been employed
in his store as a waitress and counter
gir! and that the accused had called
for her on the night of March 1. Upon
cross-examination, however, he stated
that he was not sure, but that it most
bave been so because It was Haupt
mann's custom to call for his wife
whenever she worked late,
Mrs. Frederickson also stated that
Mrs. Hauptmann worked late on the
night of March 1, but was unalje to
say whether Hauptmaon had been at
the bakery. She stated, however, that
she had seen Isador Fisch, furrier
friend of Hauptmann who died In Ger
many, on the eve of his sailing for
Germany in November, 1032. She said
Fisch displayed a large sum of money.
but she was unable to say whether it
was in greenbacks or gold certificates,
Throughout Hauptmann's testimony
Colonel Lindbergh continued to stare
at him. During the court session, Lind-
bergh reiterated his belief that Haupt.
mann's voice was the same as that
of thé mysterious "John" who had
hoaxed him out of the ransom money
nearly three “ears ago.
AR flamed again In Manchukuo
as Japanese troops struck sud
denly at three points in Chahar prov.
ince in northern China. Three fortified
cities were shelled, and there were in-
dieations that the drive had only be
gun,
The Japanese attack come as a sur
prise since it was reported that nego-
tiations for a peaceful settlement of
the dispute over Chahar province had
been nearing a successful conclusion,
Japan had asserted that Chinese troops
in Chahar had invaded Jehol,
Military authorities declined to an
nounce the real objective of the drive.
Thedistrict which the Japanese troops
occupied is about 150 miles long by 560
miles wide, and Is said to contain val
uable gold mines,
Japan's action is seen by Chinese
teaders as a determined gesture to in.
timidate Mongolian princes of Inner
Mongolia and to cut the overland route
connecting Peiping with Urga, capital
of Soviet controlled Outer Mongolia
The situation is viewed with consid
erable apprehension by Soviet Russia.
The drive will bring Japanese military
operations into direct contact with the
borders of Outer Mongolia, and prac
tically all high officials of the terri
tory who have been attending the
Soviet anniversary celebrations in Mos
cow have hurried back to their pro
vinces,
APAN'S foreign minister, Koki Hi
should stop fortifying the Siberian
frontier north of Manchukuo If friend.
ly relations are to be continued be-
tween the two countries. His remarks,
made In an address before the Impe-
rial diet, had special significance in
view of reports that Japanese troops
are Invading Chahar province to pre
vent Sovietization of that region.
Russian fortifications In the Far
East, particularly of the strategic cross-
ings of the Amur river, are becoming
Increasingly irksome to the Japanese
army in Manchukuo, Other projects to
which Japan is objecting are double-
tracking of the Trans-Siberian rallway
to Viadivostock and remodeling of the
strong fortifications of that Pacific
port,
Government officials in Washington
were sald to be favorably Impressed
with part of Hirota's address which
referred to Japan's desire to avold fur-
ther expansion of armament. It is
hoped that negotiations will be resumed
soon for another agreement to replace
the renounced Washington treaty which
established the 5-5-8 ratio for the Unit.
ed States, Great Britain and Japan.
ECOMMENDATIONS that Amer
lca's alr defense facilities be great-
ly Increased will be made by President
Roosevelt In a special messige soon to
be sent to congress, It has been indi-
cated by those close to the adminis
tration. Constructioh of a series of air
bases for the United States, the addi-
tion of 4000 planes to the service, and
bullding a huge dirigible will be among
the projects which the President ap-
proves,
The proposed construction’ is In
cord with a report just made by
special aviation commission. It is the
purpose of the commission to lease the
dirigible to a commercial firm as a sis
ter ship to the Graf Zeppelin which will
start regular transatlantic service with-
in a few weeks
The series of bases along the Pacific
and Atlantic coasts will make America
impregnable to air the commis-
gion whil addition of
4.000 planes to the army and navy serv-
ice will bring it up to far more than
the existing fighting strength.
The commission has als
ed creation of a special
ation commission to re wi
nautics.
#ao-
the
Fo
pttack,
belleves, the
y recommend
fiveemnan avi
ate civil aero-
HE death toll ued to mount
a8 reports seeped in from north
west Mississippl and southwest Ten
nessee where the turbulent Coldwater
river was a raging torrent, threaten-
ing the lives and property of thousands
in its march to the Tallahatchle basin,
Freezing weather added to the suf.
fering of thousands driven from their
homes, Workers tolled to rescue as
many as possible of those who had
been marooned on roof tops and in
trees. A number of communities have
been evacuated because it is feared
the waters will continue to spread
Appeals for additional help In caring
for the homeless have been made by
public officials, and Red Cross ald has
been rushed to the stricken areas,
coniin
possiBILITY of a move by the Ital-
lan government to make a protec
torate out of Ethiopia was seen by
European statesmen. Exploitation of
the announcement of
the siay .g of =a
French Somaliland ad
ministrator and 99
French Somaliland ad
ployees and Somalis
was sald to Indicate
that a movement was
on for Haly to take
over the mountainous
African kingdom to re
store order, The eon
sent of France and
Great Britain to the
plan has been obtained
Premier
Mussolini
it was reported.
A number of recent developments
point toward some action by the [tal
ian government. Premier Mussolini
recently took over the office of min
ister of colonies : Gen. Emilio de Bone,
former minister of colonies, was
named high commissioner of Italian
East Africa: military roads have been
constructed through Italian Somaliland
to the Ethiopian frontier; and the
Italians have recently taken over a
bigger share In the operation of the
Djibout! and Addis Abbaba railway,
Recent history affords a number of
precedents for the I[tallan government
to follow. Japanese intervention In
Manchuria was “to restore order and
reduce Chinese banditry.” and Italy
might use the excuse of reducing
Ethiopian banditry as a reason for In-
vasion. The British action in Egypt
and the Sudan, and the French sub
Jugation of Tunis also offer parallel
cases,
UROPEAN statesmen anxiously
tons of Eupen and Mal.ioedy on the Bel
glan frontier
nexation of that territory with the Ger.
paign of terrorism has been carried on
against those who have refused to Join
an organization directed by the Brown
Shirts. The Belgian government is ex
pected to lodge a complaint with tl
League of Nations,
The cantons which were taken from
Germany under the Versailles treaty
have considerable commercial impor
tance. Formerly a pert of Rhenish
Prussia, they have an ares of about
400 square miles and a population io
excess of 00,000 Eupen boasis
spinning mills and other establishments
connected with the textlie Industry,
iron foundries, machine shops and tan
neries
PA.
SEEN-~HEARD
around the
National Capital
Ss By CARTER FIELD i
Washington. ~—Probabllity that eon-
gress will enact legislation foreing
every state bank (except mutual sav-
ings banks) to take out a federal charter
Increased considerably with endorse-
ment of the plan by Representative
John W, MeCormack of Massachu-
setts. MeCormack Is a member of the
house ways and means committee,
which does not deal with banking leg-
isiation, but the importance of his
view on this subject 1s due not to his
committee connection, but to his own
influence In the houses, plus the fact
that he Is very obviously carrying the
flag for the Treasury department.
No one In the treasury, from Secre-
tary Morgenthau down, and Including
Comptroller of the Currency J. F. T.
O'Connor, is talking on this subject at
all, It Is not a subject which lends
itself to much open talking, for to ad.
vocate such a change Is to antagonize
not only the stockholders, officers and
directors of all the state banking in-
stitutions, but the 48 state banking
offices, The Iatter see In any move to
end state banks a threat at thelr jobs,
And some of them are quite Important
politically.
jut down underneath the administra.
tion Is strong for a unified banking
system, for much the same reasons as
voleed by McCormack. And If treasury
officials see a chance to get the de-
sired legislation enacted they will
come out for It strongly. They have
several Influential members of the
house and senate talking thelr argu-
ments—~—without official authority—and
trying to find out what the chances
are,
For in the
ministration
particular
than to demand it
nature of things the ad.
would much rather this
inate In
And it Is not vital
Roosevelt's pro-
rn the heat on mem-
tions back ho
it pol tie for them to op
move orig CONEress
to President
for him to tu
whose
gram
hers conne
would make
pose the change
“The present
the
structure .™
: y
depression has sh
of the
own
present banking
McCormack told
onflict of laws and
msihle
wenkness
the
writer of
supervision is
of our har
for much
The dea of
granting
d. The idea
ining banks to see If
and are
40 sets of banking laws,
resp
ting troubles
having 49 authoritl
ties char.
v
ters to banks is ahsy of
49 agencies exis
they ivent
are sol compiving
with is ridie-
nlous
Require Federal Charter
“I would force every bank doing a
commercial business to take out a fed.
eral charter. In fact, 1 would permit
no hank mutual
to do what is normally regarded as a
banking business. Then all the banks
that loan money commercially would
have similar charters, granted under
the same Ilnaws and by the same agen
ey of the government,
be examined by the same agency. It
is not just a question of economy.
That is Important enough, but the
henefits of
that,
“1 am
bank idea, nor the
Federal Reserve board over the 12
regional banks. 1 am considering sim-
ply the question of granting charters,
and of examining the banks which
loan money to our citizens
“l am strongly In favor of our dual
system of government, national and
gave
not the
authority of
discussing central
encroachment of the federal govern
ment on the rights, functions and pre-
rogatives of the states. But times and
conditions change,
case that what happens to our banks
in Boston is confined, In lis effects,
within the state lines of Massachu-
setts,
“Any ten-year-old child knows that
if a group of banks, or perhaps only
one big bank, should close In Chicago,
the reverberations would affect busi.
ness harmfully from Maine to Call.
fornia. The people of Oregon have a
right to have their national govern-
ment protect them from harm, which
may come to them through reckless
banking In Florida,
“I meet men who oppose this change.
In defending state rights they ask me
if 1 wonld have the federal govern-
ment take over conduct of the schools
also. It seems to me that the line
of demarkation Is very clear. Of
course I would not want to have the
federal government take over the con.
duct of the schools
Would Affect All
“Suppose anything imaginable that
might happen In the schools of my city
pupils, or
or whatnot.
How could that possibly affect the
people of Kentucky? Or Texas?
“But If two or three big banks In
Roston falled, every bank In those
states, and every other state, would
be affected, seriously, and at once.
And those fallures might be due en-
tirely to perfunctory, careless, or even
crooked examination of those banks
by the state banking examiners, or
perhaps by some oversight In drafting
the state banking laws, or any one of
a dozen things about the set-up with
which no one outside Massachusetts
had anything to do whatever,
“Many of us remember the so-called
panie of 1007. It was started by the
collapse of the Knickerbocker Trust
company in New York city. There
was no excnse for a depression at that
time. It was simply a money panle
produced by a very local situation.
We learned our lesson from that As
1 result, we had first the Aldrich.
Vreeland emergency currency bill, and
later the federal reserve system,
“Now the time has come to take the
next step, and make impossible for
the future nation-wide troubles due to
preventable local disturbances. Bank-
Ing Is not a local function any more.
It Is national, If not international. So
it must be controlled, in toto and not
Just In part, by the strong arm of the
federal government.”
Extend Authority
Not only does the administration
want to force all commercial banks
to become national banks, as told in
fa recent dispatch, but it desires to
have the authority of the Federal Re-
serve board over the 12 reglonal banks
made a great deal stronger,
The fact is the alm of the admin-
istration is not very different from
the purpose of the late Senator Nel
son W, Aldrich of Rhode Island, whose
central bank studies were actually the
basis of the federal reserve system.
When the Democrats came into pow-
er in 1013 they rewrote the Aldrich
bill, giving him as little credit as pos-
sible, They did not change the funda-
mental features very much, but In
severa] spectacular detalls they varied
it. One of the most important details,
in the minds of the Democratic fram-
ers, including Senator Carter Glass,
then chairman of the house banking
and currency committee, and Senator
Robert L.. Owen of Oklahoma, then
chairman of the senate committee of
the same name, was that instead of
one central reserve bank they made 12,
Carrying thelr idea of decentraliza-
tion as far ms possible, they gave a
degree of independence to these 12 re-
gional reserve banks, which has often
irked the federal board since, and,
for that matter, various Presidents,
who found themselves unable to con
trol the poli of the Individual re.
much as they would
on
serve banks as
Bearing In mind that one of the ob
jects of the
financial control
new gystem was to get the
of the country away
and down to Wash-
rather curious that the
has given Wash.
ever since
York bank. Headed
gentlemen who
and had firm-
the
bank which
ost trouble
New
inded
they
by strong-n
knew what wanted,
what was best,
York bank n and
d the
reserve
Irks Reserve Board
3
Reserve board members still remem.
ber with ar
the New
of 1020
doing Its utmost
al rise In pr
ger the
York bank In the early dass
when the reserve board was
to stop the sensation.
the stock ex-
This effort, backed by Presi
Hoover. proved futile. What
happened, If the New
stubbornness of
:
ices on
dent
have
board, no one Is sure,
illustration as any oth.
federal board began try-
speculation when
Telephone was around 225,
gayly conti
anti! this stock touched 310,
Many contend that anything done at
that time would have been futile so
off the crash Is con-
present administration
of the reserve
jut as good an
er is that the
down
nued
cerned, but the
banks—to be able to give them orders
This Is not the same as the central
bank idea about which so much has
heen heard, and which Secretary Mor
advocated Ro far there
velt has been convinced of the neces
gity of this. ©Omn the contrary, all in-
dications are that he is not for It
jut there is no doubt that he does
more control of the reserve
the Federal Reserve
Various plans are being advo-
cated. one of them being to give the
reserve banks,
of the 12
the federal agents who generally act
ed as chairmen of the boards,
This Is just another step In the
march of the administration to com.
plete domination by the federal gov-
ernment of the banking structure of
the United States, federal control of
credit in the Interest of recovery,
maintenance of prosperity,
of speculation, or whatever may be at
the moment the policy of the federal
government.
Soldier Bonus
The very top figure on which the |
administration is willing to compro. |
mise on the soldier bonus is $1,200.
000,000, So that the fight is to save |
something like $1,000000000 more
al
Arctic Not Altogether
Region of Barrenness
The Arctic may have heavy
and bitter cold for elght or
months of the year, but during the
remainder of the twelve months
flowers bloom, meadows appear, and
even vegetables grow, writes James
Montagnes in the Scientific Ameri.
can,
Flowers have been found growing
within 400 miles of the North pole
by Investigators who traveled to the
tip of Ellesmere island, the last big
Arctic island before reaching the
pole. There these botanists found
hundreds of varieties of flowers,
mosses, lichens, and similar plants,
At the settlements, where the long
Arctle day averages upward of eight.
een hours daily during the # ner
months, it Is possible to grow a large
assortment of wegetables, includ
potatoes, iflower, cabbage,
tees, radishes,
ENDOWS
nine
caul
onions, carrots,
lettuce, and cucumbers, In a region
and
fresh
dtiraction on
been
be
where canned food,
the staples,
En
wheat has
dried meat,
fish form there
vegetables prove
the menu. Even
grown, and experiments are now
ing carried on to find a faster ma-
turing wheat for that region,
Dr. Pierce's Plea asant Pe ellets are the orig
inal little liver pills put up 60 years ago.
They regulate liver and bowels ~Aav.
Heart of Sympathy
A sympathizing is a spring
of pure water bursting forth from
the mountain side; and
sweet In itself, it ca pdness
and joy on every its spar-
kling current,
heart
ever pu
rrios ole
rrTies gis
ripple of
F Sens LEE IT
CRT A
UR EY FOIL
*Have
i TITRE
By Exposure
and Dust —
Feminine Ambition
“Oh, yes
30
CANDLEPOWER
LIGHT
Light that floods the
whole room with a clesr
mellow radiance! The
nenrest to daylight of any
artifical light,
More light than 50 com-
mon kerosene lamps, It's
Beht that protects your sight! Plenty of Neht
for every home need.
nay to keep going. Only
#0 moch light for so Hitle out. Beautifcl new
models with parchroent shades,
Ses your hardware or housefurnishing
dealer. 1f be doesn't handle, write us,
The Coleman Lamp & Stove Company
Delt. Whim Wiebe, 1 Chllonps, Mr Low Ampwion,
s Piiadetiins Pans Tassatn, Cute, Date utes}
They Know
None think the great
the great.
Help
unhappy but
Kidneys
Guard the Speech
More have repented of speech than
of silence,
COUGHS
ITCHING C T6S
to hold the bonus figure at $1,200,000,
000,
gross
dent will veto it, beyond any doubt.
pute among those who have canvassed
bonus bil, in. whatever form it may
essary two-thirds majority to enact a
measure over the veto,
The only doubt is as to the senate
Friends of the White House are cone
fident that they will be able to pre
vent a two-thirds majority for a bonus
bill larger than $1,200000,000, Bonus
advocates think they are fairly sure
they can muster the necessary vote.
Any opinton based on the canvasses
is only an opinion. It cannot be any.
thing else for the simple reason that
there In a small number of senators
who do not themselves know at the
moment what they will do in such an
emergency,
Copyright, —WNU Service
ena
QUALIFY TO WIN
with ment? 2° you A pend tor emery:
NEWTON, MASS.
County Agents,
3 Sl eppinay meena 1 SRE
«.
. 02 BO