S AUSTRIA again to be the starting point of a great European war? That was the question that was wor rying all the nations of the world as og the civil warfare be- hh tween the Austrian government and the Socialists proceeded, On the side lines watching events close- ly and biding their time, were Nazl Ger- many, Fascist Italy, France just recovering from its own internal row, and the rather frightened members of Ma). Emil Fey the little entente, Great Britain, determined that Ger- many and Austria shall not be united, was warning Hitler to keep his hands off. Soviet Russia would like to put a finger in the ple but is fully ocen- pied with the threat of war with Japan. Vice Chancellor Emil Fey and Prince Ernst von Starhemberg of Austria were determined that the Socialists ghould be driven out or exterminated and the country made wholly Fascist, and Chancellor Dollfuss was going along with The revolt of the Socialists evidently carefully planned and the rebels were armed and capably led. But at this writing they had won no victory of moment and their strongholds In Vienna, mainly the huge e« } apartment bu 1g8, had been smashed by the government artillery. In Linz, Gratz, Steyr and other centers the re- sults were the same. After several days of fighting, in which two or three thousand persons were killed and many more wounded, Dolifuss gave the Socialists five hours In which to lay down their arms on promise of par don except for the chief leaders. This brought Insufficient response, and the government troops went Into action again in the suburbs to which the rebels had been driven. The latter met the attack stoutly, especially In the section just across the great Relchsbridge where they were occupy. Ing big buildings and trenches. Major Fey was In charge of the operations in and about Vienna, and Prince von Starhemberg was In command at Linz and Steyr, Though the German government was not openly mixing in the mess, the official Naz! newspapers were egging on the Austrian Socialists. Hitler and his comrades claim that a majority of the Austrian voters are Nazis and prophecy that the time Is near when Dollfuss will fall and the Austrian Nazis will be In control. The whole tone of comment in the German press expressed sympathy with the *“mis- led” workers of Austria, and the League of and its members were warned not to interfere in the struggle. Reports originating In Paris sald 75.- 000 Italian troops had been massed at strategic points along the Austrian frontier and that they and the Fascist frontier guard were ready for any eventuality. The Italian government officials sald this troop movement had been going on for some time and was only part of a fundamental change In Italian military policy. London correspondents dug up =a story, from an Austrian source, to the effect that the Austrian Socialists ob- tained the arms with which they had been fighting from Czechoslovakia, either from the Czech government di. rect or with its connivance, A railroad from Prague to the south runs through a part of Austria, and the story goes that trains loaded with arms and ammunition consigned to some place In Czechoslovakia were emptied of their cargoes somewhere between Gemundt and Pressburg, It is also alleged that arms have been shipped up the Danube from Pressburg to Vienna or nearby points and smuggled ashore. Czechoslovakia doesn't at all like the idea of being surrounded by Fas cist countries and has been encourag: ing democratic movements against both the German and Austrian dicta- torships. Prague Is full of refugee Socialists, them, was well Nations EN days In jail was the sentence pronounced by the senate on Wil liam P. MaeCracken for having tam. pered with correspondence in his flles after the files had uk : been subpoenaed by the special committee investigating air-matl contracts. The same punishment was awarded 1. H. Brit. tin, vice president of Northwest Alrways Two other defendants were acquitted. Mae Cracken already had been fined $100 by the a District Supreme On Westover court for misrepresentation in obtain ing a writ of habeas corpus before nc tually being arrested. He was given time by the senate to perfect an ap peal from its verdiet, The army went ahead rapidly io its preparations for earrying the alr mails after the cancellation of contracts by Postmaster General Farley. Head quarters for this service were opened in Washington and put under the com- mand of Brig. Gen, Oscar Westover by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, chief of staff, Col. Charles A, Lindbergh's telegram to the President protesting against the summary cancellation of contracts led Postmaster Generali Farley to make publie his report to Chairman Black's investigating committee justifying his action. In this Farley made sensa- tional charges that the government had been defrauded to the extent of $40,800,000 In the letting and opera tion of air-mall contracts. He assert. ed that his predecessor, Walter F. Brown, had joined in and directed a conspiracy by which competition was smothered and all contracts were awarded by secret agreement to cer tain favored air lines, SECRETARIES ICKES, WALLACE, Dern and Perkins were named by the President as a committee to draw up definite plans for his permanent public works program. This Is intend- ed to effect great economlie and social changes and will cost probably more than half a billion dollars yearly. Mr. Roosevelt and his advisers take It for granted that after business has achieved recovery there will be from three to billion persons still un employed and that they must be cared for by something like the Civil Works 1 fel sri administration, even five This new project as now conceived Includes these major undertakings: Methodical development of water ways, power, flood control, soll erosion preventives, reforestation, and other public On these works employment would be furnished In the manner of the present COC and CWA, Decentralization of Industry through establishment of small industries in rural regions to enable people to make a living partly by farming and part! by factory employment. A start In this direction is now being made in the subsistence homesteads, for which twenty-five millions of recovery funds have been allocated, Government purchase of submar ginal lands unfit for cultivation, which would be added to the public domain and devoted to forest development For this purpose twenty-five millions already have been allotted. HE Civil Works administration ob tained from COngress an appropri ation of £50000,000 for its Immediate uses and Its workers, numbering 3.800, -—s O00 persons, received { their pay. But at the same time Adminis trator Harry Hopkins began the task of cut ting down the forces, ordering reductions of from 50 to 80 per cent. He directed that work cease all federal civil projects not federal or other pub lie property. By Hop King' plan of cutting down the total num ber of « doyees about 10 per cent a week, the CWA army will be virtually out of existence by May 1. The largest force affected by the nonpublic property order is in the pub lic health service. Hopkins ordered it to stop malaria control efforts employ ing 20.779 men, rural sanitation using 32010 and the sealing of mines by C571 workers to prevent water acldity in the Ohio valley. water works. on on Harry Hopkins Co HORATIO B. HACKETT of Chicago was appointed director of the housing division of the Public Works administration by Secretary of the Interior Ickes. He succeeds Rob ert DD. Kohn, a New York architect, who has held the position for the last nine months, Selection of Colonel Hackett, a mem ber of the Chicago architectural firm of Holabird & Root, was regarded in Washington as a move to speed up the federal housing corporation. Given £100,000.000 of public works money for low cost housing developments, it has spent very little, REMIER TSALDARIS of Greece doesn’t accept the verdict of sev. eral government physicians, that Sam uel Insull is well enough to stand de- portation without danger to his life, Tsaldaris said it would be “murder” to compel the fugitive American to travel in his present physical condi tion, so he will be permitted to remain in Greece until his health Improves As Insull Is seventy-four years old and has clever advisers in Athens, his ex. tradition may not be obtained for a long time If ever, ELVIN A. TRAYLOR, president of the First National bank of Chicago and one of the country's lead ing financiers, died at his home of pneumonia after fighting the disease bravely for several weeks. Mr, Tray. lor was born in a log cabin in Ken tucky 060 years ago and mude his way to leadership in business by sheer ability. He also became prominent enough In politics to be considered favorably for the Democratic nomina. tion for President in 1932. Chlengo and the country sustained a considerable loss In his death, JAPAN'S new ambassador to Wash- ington, Hirosi Salto, presented his credentials to President Roosevelt, and the two gentlemen eschanged assur ances of friendship and mutual confi- dence between their countries, Saito sald he was sure that “what. ever question, either political or eco nomle, may arise between our two countries, ean and will be amicably composed In a spirit of friendship and mutual confidence—the spirit that has characterized our relations ever since Japan made, at the instance of the Unletd States, her formal entry into the family of nations.” “I share fully,” the President sald In reply, “the view which you have expressed that all questions which may arise between our two countries will be resolved In a spirit of friend. ship and mutual confidence. You will find this government devoted now as in the past to the principle of maln- taining peace in the Pacific region as elsewhere and ready to co-operate cor dially and sympathetically with your government In all of the many lines of endeavor which are possible in pur- suance of and toward making prevail that principle. It is our constant de sire that, by co-operation, all the coun tries of the Pacific region may continua to enjoy peace and may attain cone ditions of abiding prosperity.” NDEPENDENTS and Insurgents In CONEress long advocated an amendment of the Constitution provid. ing for direct election of the President, and at last the first step toward this change has been taken. Senator George W. Norris’ resolution proposing the amendment was approved by the senate Judiciary committee, with only Senator Stephens of Mississippl voting have in the negative. Should the an be wrillen into the federal Constitution it would the by which electors them the ndment nholish stem Zens vote instend of for Under the present sy for Presidential the candidates selves, amendment names of Presidential and dentinal candidates on the ballots and the rectly for them, The amendment would also do away with the present system by which a be voles would its representation in both houses of congress) is cast for the candidate re ceiving a plurality of votes cast with. in the state. Instead a state's elec which each candidate received received from the administration which would make all national codes of falr competition fective within the states move the threatening possibility of a constitutional barrier to the ment of those codes among that do not deal In Interstate com merce. The model law would authorize the state governor to consent to the utili zation of state and local officers by the President of the United States “in al Industrial recovery act” A tion of a code would be made a misde- meanor in the state with & penalty of 8500 a day for each each day violation continues, Where a license under the NRA is re quired, a person doing business withe out one would to a fine of £3 or six months’ imprisonment or both for each day of These state penalities are copled after those in the national recovery act The state law pronounces the exist. the be liable Washington.—If 1 read the signs correctly, neither the Democratic nor the Republican party Tarred With is going to be able to Same Stick do any shouting in the next fall campnign about the graft and corruption that has taken place while the other party is In power. The clothing of each party bears indelible stains on that score, and If one could overlook the serious character of the malfeas ance that has taken place, there might be occasion for a laugh. That is to say, neither party ean point the finger of scorn at the other and plead purity before the voters. Just as Senator Black of Alabama, a Democrat, head of a senate lnvestl- gating committee, turns up some “pay dirt” in digging into fraud in the award of ocean mall and alr mall con tracts under the Hoover administra tion, a District of Columbia grand jury turns out indictments charging fraod in the award of contracts for the pur chase of millions of dollars worth of motor trucks for the Roosevelt administration, the disclosures came within of each other, although Black discoveries army Actually, 24 hours naturally were of the politics It does not ever, from Each party has found slime in It household, and neither can deny fore the voters November In addition to the fraud charges that must explain away, there pumerous cases throughout the coun try of petty graft in with Civil Works admin i None of these have been of more that local consequence in that they usually involved only one or two persons hard iy known outside of thelr own commu nities, but they have made ap in nom. bers that which they incked In size And from the partisan standpoint, they constitute the basis of trouble for the party in power when they occur. The reason is that the average person In change pleture, Lhe } next motor contract stration whereas a al that kind of crookedness conspiracy of the type the motor trucks seems rather outside of the pleture because they have no loeal connections. In other words, we don’t know the people concerned, But, the President has moved with He ordered Postmas- ter General Farley to cancel the alr 1935, unless the President shall by ear. emergency ended. RESIDENT ROOSEVELT baving decided that the civilian conserva. tion corps shall be maintained at full strength until March 31, 1035, orders to this effect have been sent to the commanding generals of all army areas, periods of six months each, the total number of men to be 300,000, Addi tional local experienced men will be enlisted In some of the states, in the treme West, The President already has announced that he will ask congress for an ap- propriation of from S£270.,000.000 to £300,000.000 for the corps. EFRESENTATIVES of business groups in Washington sald they revenue bill which was brought before jectionable provisions which finance committee later. The bill now represents a compromise between the recommendations of the Hill subcom- mittee and the suggestions of the Treasury department. The changes sre those with respect to de preciation, consolidated returns and corporate reorganizations. The bill Goes not reduce depreciation allow ances as did the subcommittee recom mendations. Nor does it abolish con solidated returns for affiliated corpor. ations, While it imposes an extra tax on corporation earnings when consoli- dated returns are filed, this is not so objectionable as the entire elimina. tion of the privilege, While the upper surtax brackets have been scaled up somewhat they do not increase greatly the tax apply. ing to a person who has an earned income credit, The tax burden Is In ereused somewhat on a person with out earued income, but with corpora tion dividends and government bonds not subject to normal taxes which are reached by commencing surtaxes above a single 4 per cent normal tax instend of above normal rates aggre gating 8 per cent, © by Western Newapaper Union | i and turned the job of carrying the alr He ordered er the alleged crookediness In the motor truck case, with the resulting indie ments. All of which seems to give the in the political battles that expected In the campaign, yet the opin support that view, analysts Insist that neither fraud up a fresh mess for itself, - * » There is, and always has been, a sharp difference of views about grant. ing subsidies for Mail cearrying the air Subsidies mall and the ocean mail, Aside from the fraud charges, it appears there is fa natural basis upon which opinion may be divided. Roughly, those who favor the subsidies do so because it is the one way In which our govern ment may encourage by direct ald the expansion of an industry. Those who favor subsidies point out, for exam. ple, that the millenium has not been Why. then. they ask, the shipping Industry be encouraged to go ahead, develop, expand, experiment, produce bigger and better ships and planes? If there be war, those ships They are built: they can ernment service. war, the Industries concerned will have plants and equipment and plans, Production of ships and planes for war ean go forward at wartime speed Thus, say the subsidy advocates, sub sidies for alr mall and for ocean mall fn their full effect. Then, there is the question of Amer lean predominance in the fleid of com merce. Other nations subsidize their shipping, their air craft industry. It is only by use of the subsidies, which means paying more for the service ren. dered than it actually is worth, can we keep pace with foreign nations in those two flelds, As a matter of cold fact, the use of subsidies is the reason why the Amer. lean alr craft Industry has grown and now equals or exceeds the same Indus try anywhere else in the world, As a further matter of fact, the use of sub sidies has kept a good deal of Amer fean shipping alive and, thereby, has kept American exporters from falling into the clutches of foreign shipping companies who would have no compe tition In numerous routes were the Americans to withdraw, Those who attack the subsidies, however, claim they constitute a vile dizerimination. They allege them to be unjust use of taxpayers’ money, be cause they suck cash from the treas ury that should be used for general purposes of government, Further, it is the claim of subsidy opponents that such payments produce monopolies, drive out petition which might fall within the formula for subsidy payments, Generally, the opposition claims that subsidies add to the strength of the rich and the taxpayers carry the bur. den. This extra load, the figures shaw, amounted to £54.453.000 in the lust five years. As far as | can see, and | have done considerable research work on the question, the arguments of neither side are infallible. Each side, In support. ing its view, Is not wholly motivated by utilitarian or nationalistic sentl- ment, domestic come aon * * » the conviction individual, Is no I have always held that each of an and can be Us, as : of the teem- illions In and, holding thought that npressed with Seriously other words, to0 life members of seriously.” annarent apparenty CONZTeRs, them nls and staf siit administration falled hop, Jump when the house wmbers sought something or other from the credit administration offices, The house members became so wrathy that they decided they wanted to in- vestigate the credit administration. The rules committee of the house, the committee that really determines by the bouse shall ever get before that body, had Dr. William I. Myers, farm credit administrator, before It. Doctor My- ers was told that there had been nu. merous charges of graft and irregular ity In eredit administration affairs and the house members were trying to de cide whether to delve them, In the midst of this discussion, Repre- sentative O'Connor, a New York Dem ocrat, burst forth with what the news paper correspondents seemed to think was the real reason for the flareup skip and into “The maln reason we are consider ing an Investigation™ said Represent. credit farm officials we appropriate and with whose salaries o“ The New York representative called the credit administration “the depart. ment that sneers at congressmen,” and Representative Carpenter of Nebrasks® aise a Democrat, sald he had tried to get an appointment with Doctor My- ers but had failed to get by the admin. istrator's secretary. At this point, Representative Werner of South Da- kota, another Democrat, chimed in with an observation that “when you go down to the Farm Credit adminis tration, they laugh at sou” Doctor Myers denied any Intent on his part or on the part of his staff to snub members of congress, but the representatives certainly felt they had been snubbed. While It Is no grief of mine whether 8 member of the house or senate wants to have every. Playing body kotow to him, I continue to be a Politics friend of the execu tive hranch of our government and that friendship results from many years of observation of its capacity to get things done, through the years show diztinetly, as far as 1 am concerned, how few times it has risen up to the full measure of | the country’s demands upon it. It has persisted in “playing politics,” and the amount of demagoguery that is printed | in the Congressional Record each day is enough to choke several of the best cows in the neighborhood, And, un der present conditions, | am moved to ask why, If these house members and | senators are so important, they obey | the party whip and do ns they are told every time there is a bill sent to con gress from the White House, From a long period of ohservation, 1 believe that representatives and senators do get most of the things they seek from the various offices in the executive departments of the gov ernment. Time after time, constitu ents of a representative or senator will come to Washington, seeking fa vors or perhaps speed on a legitimate proposition and they ask thelr repre- sentative or thelr senator to help, 1 have been In offices and have heard senators or representatives telephone the office In the executive branch that is concerned, and they do not mince words In admonizhing the man at the other end of the wire that a specific thing must be done. 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