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Photograph of
Lincoin taken
at Gettysburg
Nov 11,1863
en. Ay LA,
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
T WAS just 70 years ago that Abraham
Lincoln, standing on the battlefield of
Gettysburg, made a speech of exactly
272 words that has been called “a clas.
} sic which will endure as long as the
English language Is spoken.” And that
is one of the mildest tributes amid the
shower of extravagant praise which
has been lavished upon a speech In
which the speaker himself sald “The
world will little note nor long remem.
ber what we say here,” thereby proving
himself a poor prophet indeed, no matter how
great he was In nearly every other respect,
So much has been said about Lincoln's Gettys-
burg address and so much has been written
about it (including a 254-page book about a 272
word speech!) it would seem that we Americans,
who are proud to claim this masterpiece of mod:
ern English eloquence as the product of one of
our own kind, would know everything about it
even down to jut it is prob.
able thaf most of us know little more about it
than the fact that Lincoln did deliver an fm-
mortal speech at Gettyshurg a few months after
the battle, and we have a more or less clear re
miembrance of some of the phraseology of the
speech, beginning with the sonorous “Four score
and seven years ago our fathers brought forth
upon this continent a new nation, conceived In
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that
all men are created equal” and continuing to the
magnificent climax of “that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.” But beyond those things,
the average American knows very little about
some of the facts connected with the speech
which make it one of the most amazing para
doxes in history.
Most Americans know that Lincoln was some.
thing of an “also ran” so far as the cholece of the
committee In charge of the celebration at Get.
tysburg that day was concerned. They remem
ber that the honor of being the “orator of the
day” fell to Edward Everett and that his one.
hour-and-fifty-minute speech has been forgotten,
while the three-minute speech of Lincoln seems
destined to Immortality. But even though Ever
ett’s speech has been forgotten, how many of his
fellow-countrymen know that the man himself
was Important enough in American history to de
serve escaping the oblivion that has engulfed his
speech? So it seems worth while to devote a lit.
tle space to him before continuing the narrative
of the event in which he played a leading part
even though the honors of the diay went to an
other man.
Everett was born in Dorchester, Mass, April
11, 1704, a member of one of the leading families
of New England. After peveral years of travel
In Germany and England he returned to this
country to occupy the chair of Greek literature
at Harvard and to become the editor of the
North American Review. One of the earliest ex.
amples of the “scholar in polities,” Everett be
came successively congressman, governor of
Massachusetts, minister plenipotentiary to Eng
land and, after a brief interim as president of
Harvard, secretary of state in President Fill
more’'s cabinet.
But his chief claim to fame les in his being a
vigorous champlon of American institutions when
it was the fashion In Europe to sneer at our de
mocracy, and an equally vigorous champlon of
honesty in public affairs and of social justice
He was a resolute opponent of white occupation
of Indian lands without the consent of the red
man, To him also was due the preservation of :
sound currency In the panic of 1837 and the e
tablishment of the first board of education In tl
United States. No mean record of accomplis’
ment, this, and when there Is added to them
fact that at the time he was the greatest orn’
\
“
the minutest detail
Where Linco
In the country, It is easy to understand why
those in charge of the dedication of the Gettys-
burg battlefield cemetery should have invited
him to deliver the oration at the dedicatory cere.
monies,
So important was Everett that when, In reply
to the committee's Invitation to be present on
the date which they had set {October 23, 1883),
he wrote that it would be impossible for him to
be prepared in such a short time. the dedication,
to suit his convenience, was postponed nearly a
month, to November 10.
Perhaps It should be explained that at this time
Gettysburg was not the national cemetery which
It later became, even though the corporation
which controlled it was called “The National Sol
diers’ Cemetery.” This corporation had a board
of trustees, made up of representatives appointed
by the governors of northern states, 18 In num-
ber, from which had come the Union dead at
Gettysburg. Although these trustees had general
charge of laying out the cemetery, of the work
of removal and reinterment of the bodies of the
Union dead and of raking the plans for imposing
dedication ceremon s, the directing force in all
of it was David Wills, a citizen of Gettysburg
and the representative from Pennsylvania on the
board of trustees
After the date for the dedication ceremonies
had been finally set, formal invitations to attend
the ceremonies were sent to President Lincoln,
to the members of his cabinet, of both
houses of congress and of the diplomatic corps,
to Generals Meade and Scott and to many other
prominent citizens, “President Lincoln's invita.
tion to be present was not a written individual
request such as had heen sent to Edward Ever
ett and others,” says Doctor Barton in his book.
“Lincoln at Gettysburg.” “It did not occur to any
member of the commission that such a miseive
should be addressed to him. What was sent to
him was a printed elrcular of which many hun.
dreds were mailed and was In no respect differ.
ent from that sent to the most obscure congress.
man from Minnesota or a consal from Patagonia,
The sending of it to the President was a mere
formality. When Mr, Wills informed his fellow
officials of Mr. Lincoln's acceptance, that group
Was very greatly surprised, and they cannot be
sald to have been overjoyed.”
that Lincoln was an “also-ran” at the Gettysburg
ledication is based upon both verbal and written
statements of the late Clark E. Carr, member of
the board of trustees from Illipols. It was Carr
who suggested to the other members of the com-
mittee that the President be Invited to speak and
we have his word for It that his stuggestion was
not received with any great enthusiasm by some
f the other members. In his book, “Lincoln at
iettysburg,” Carr says:
“The proposition to ask Mr. Lincoln to speak
t the Gettysburg ceremonies was an after.
ought, The President of the United States had,
ke the other distinguished personages, been in-
ited to be present, but Mr. Lincoln was not, at
hat time, Invited to speak. In fact, ft did not
oem to occur to any one that he could speak on
auch an occasion,
“Scarcely any member of the board, excepting
he member representing Illinois, had ever heard
im speak at all, and no other member had ever
ieard, or read from him, anything except politi
‘al discussions. When the suggestion was made
that he be invited to speak, while all expressed
igh appreciation of his great abilities as a po-
iitieal speaker, as shown In his debate with
Stephen A. Douglas, and in his Cooper Institute
address, the question was raised as to his ability
to speak upon such a grave and solemn occasion
as that of the memorial service, Besides, it was
sald that, with his Important duties and responsi.
bilities, he could not possibly have the lelsure to
prepare an address for such an occasion, In an.
Lincoln Speaking
at Gettysburg
than anyone else, could determine as to these
questions, and if he
he was sure to do what
would be right and pm ,
*It was finally decided to ask President Lin
coln ‘after the oration’ (that is to say, after Mr
Everett's oration) as Chief Executive of the na.
sacred use by a few
was done In
states, as was the case wit
appropriate remarks.’
h others, by Mr. Wills:
to Mr. Lincoln until the second of
more than six weeks after Mr, Everett had been
weeks before the exercises were held”
So Abraham Lincoln,
they were not
mittee hoped, although
would be “appropriate.”
scholarly and eloquent orator.”
was so crowded that there wa® no room in it for
the President of the United States. 80 he became
he made a few alterations and copled it over.
tieground, albeit on a horse which was too small,
#0 that he was far from being an Impressive fig.
ure, So, all In all, It would seem that the fates
were bent upon making one of the greatest events
in American history a veritable comedy of errors
And then when he did arrive at the cemetery It
was discovered that Mr. Everett had not yet ar.
rived. So the exercises began an hour late,
But eventually they were under way and at
inst the great moment for which the crowd had
been waiting arrived. Edward Everett stood be.
fore them and the thrilling voice of a trained
orator began: “Standing beneath this serene sky,
overlooking these broad fields now reposing from
the labors of the waning year, the mighty Al.
leghenies dimly towering before us, the graves of
our brethren beneath our feet, it is with hesita-
tion that I raise my poor volce to break the elo.
quent silence of God and Nature.”
But there seemed to be no hesitation as the
on and on, breaking the “eloquent silence of God
and Nature” for a matter of one hour and 57
minutes, at the end of which his listeners, If we
are to believe the statements of some who were
there, were somewhat wearied of the flow of era-
tory. There was a certain revival of Interest when
the President arose to speak.
“Four score and seven years ago"-the high-
pitched volee shrilled out ovér the crowd and be.
fore his hearers could become accustomed to it,
he “stopped Just as they thought he was begin.
ning. . . . After Everett's oration the Presi.
dent's speech seemed almost no speech at all
People were disappointed.”
Everett, a great man himself, could
greatness in another. “1 should be glad if | could
flatter myself that 1 came as near to the central
idea of the occasion In two hours as you did in
two minutes,” he said. But not even this tribute
could cheer the Man of Sorrows. He went back
to Washington depressed in mind as he was sick
in body, For he thought he had failed. He did
not know, and he could not know, any more than
the hundreds who heard his words but falled to
grasp thelr significance, that those “few a
ate remarks” of his would go ringing down the
years to deathless glory.
(® by Western Newspaper Union.)
#*
CHANCE TO GO
“BACK TO SOIL”
{
{
Uncle Sam Disposing of His |
Back Yard.
If the people are going back to the
#oll, it can also be sald that Uncle
Bam Is giving the public domain back i
to the people. All fences are being '
removed and hig back yard is open |
again,
A new effort Is being made to re- |
distribute overbalance of population
in Industrial centers,
Une of the largest sections of va-
eant acreage Is in the Golden state— |
5,712,567 acres,
Nevada seems to have the largest
open territory—051,221,934. Utah still
has 25107820 acres. Arizona, New |
Mexico, Oregon, Wyoming and other |
western states still have vast areas |
Florida is the |
only eastern state with any possibili-
for 32.303
of unpossessed soil,
ties the homesteader
acres,
There need be great
about packing up and rushing off to
seize this land either In the West or
East, however. A great deal of it is
no
A lot is In the form of mountain and
and some is land.
desirable territory Is
swamp
the
taken,
Uncle Sam has already disposed
railroads, highways
and canals. And his grants to states
cover 181,000,000 acres.
He started out with 1,442,200 820
ey
has shrunk to 173.-
This does not include
This
National parks and
up €231,186 acres
Times,
Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets are the orig.
inal little liver pills put up 60 years ago.
They regulate liver and bowels. —Ady.
Disillusionment
The honeymoon Is over when she
ta Claus he'll be as big a flop as
father at money-mi king and life
will be the same old battle to make
ends meet. —Cincinnati Enquirer,
If you want to
Can constipation be overcome?
“Yes!” say medical men. “Yes!”
declare thousands who have
followed their advice and know.
You are not apt to cure your
constipation with salts, pills and
tablets, or any habit-forming
cathartic. But you can overcome
this condition just by gentle
regulation with a suitable liquid
axative
Dr. Caldwells Syrup Pepsin
has the average person's bowels
Just as regular as clockwork in a
Jew weeks’ time.
Why Hospitals use
a liguid laxative
The dose of a liquid laxative can
be measured. The action can be
controlled. It forms no habit:
You need not take a “double
dose” a day or two later. Nor
will it irritate the kidneys.
The right liquid laxative will
bring a perfect movement, with
no discomfort at the time, or
afterward.
The wrong cathartic may
keep you constipated as long as
you keep on using it!
In buying any laxative, read
the label, If it contains a doubt
ful drug, don’t take it. If you
don’t know what is in it, don’t
chance it. The contents of Dr.
Caldwell’s Syrup Pepsin is stated
plainly on the label; fresh herbs,
pure pepsin, active senna.
Its very taste tells you Syrup
sepsin is wholesome. A delights
fol taste, and delightful action,
Sale for expectant mothers, and
children. Drugstores have it.
ready for use, in big bottles.
THE TEST:
This test has proved to
many men and women
that their trouble was
not “weak bowels,” but
strong cathartics!
First: select a properly
pared liquid laxative.
Preps. Take the dose
you find suited to your
system. Third: gradually
reduce the dose until
bowels are moving of
their own accord.
Dr. Caldwell's Syrup
Pepsin has the highest
standing among liquid
laxatives, and is the one
generally used.
DIZZY, WEAK, NERVOUS ?
“I bad frequent dlzoy
spells and was nervous
and run-down” ssid Mrs
numa Long of 4 Milton.
per St, Cumberland,
i. “But ales sang Dr.
s Favorite rescrip.
ion my nerve oscame
quiet, 1 regained my
strength and the headaches
dizzy spells disap
peared” All druggists,
Write to Dr. Pleree's Clinic, Buffalo, N.Y.
New size, tablets SOc: liguid $1.00 Large
shoe, taba or liquid, $1.35 “We De Our Pare.”
and
Worms canse much distress to children and
anxiety to parents, Dr. Peery’s "Dead Shot”
removes the cause with a single dose. 60c.
All Druggists
of yo Shot RL
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