RESIDENT ROOSEVELT made a
hurried trip to Chicago and delly-
ered a stirring speech at the opening
session of the American Legion con-
vention Wildly
cheered by vast
throngs of citizens on
his arrival In the city
the President sped to
the Stadium and be-
fore 30,000 veterans
made his appeal for
full support of his ef-
forts to bring about
i pational recovery, and
for national unity to
ensure national safety
President and credit. Mr. Roose-
Roosevelt velt said In part:
“Industry cannot be restored, people
cannot be put back to work, banks
cannot be kept open, human suffering
cannot be cared for, if the government
itself is bankrupt, We realize now
that the great human values, not for
rou alone, but for all American cit
zens, rest upon the unimpaired credit
of the United States.
“It was because of this that we un-
dertook to take the national treasury
out of the red and put It Into the
black. And in the doing of it we laid
down two principles which directly af-
fected benefits to veterans—to you,
and to the veterans of other wars,
“The first principle, following in-
evitably from the obligation of citi
zens to bear arms, is that the govern-
ward those who suffered injury or
contracted disease while serving in its
defense,
“The second principle is that no per-
son, because he wore a uniform, wust
thereafter be placed In a special class
of beneficiaries over and above all
other citizens. The fact of wearing
a uniform does not mean that he can
demand from the government a benefit
which no other citizen reccives, It
does not mean that because a person
served in the defense of his country,
performed a basic obligation of eiti-
zenship, he should receive a pension
from his government because of a dls-
ability incurred after his service had
terminated, and not connected with
that service.
“It does mean, however, that those
who were Injured in or as a result
of their service, are entitled to receive
adequate and generous compensation
for their disabilities. It does mean
that generous care shall be extended
to the dependents of those who died In
or as a result of service to their
country.
“To carry out these principles, the
people of this country can and will
pay in taxes the sums which It is pee
essary to raise. To carry out these
principles will not bankrupt your gov-
ernment nor throw its bookkeeping
Into the red.”
In closing the President sald:
“You who wore the uniform, you
who served, you who took the oath
of allegiance to the American Legion,
you who support the Ideals of Ameri-
can citizenship, I have called to the
colors again. As your commander in
chief and your comrade, I am confi
dent that you will respond.”
N HIS way to Chicago President
Roosevelt eame to final decision
as to direct federal ald for the jobless
during the coming winter, assuming
that the plan would
be speedily worked
out In co-operation
with Secretary of Ag-
rieulture Wallace and
George Peek, agricul
tural adjustment ad
ministrator. The ac.
tion to be taken will
practically establish
the dole In the Unit.
ed States. The imme- :
diate object of eourse Rp
is to avert suffering, Harry L
But the plan has the Hopkins
secondary purpose of the utilization
of the great surpluses of food, fuel
and clothing. These things will be
purchased by the government with the
$330,000,000 of the public works fund
not yet allocated, and congress will
be asked to appropriate more If neces-
sary. The announcement by Stephen
Early, the President's secretary, said
in part:
“The President announced he has
Instructed Harry L. Hopkins, federal
relief administrator, to take the leader.
ship in prompt organization of a non
profit corporation, of which Mr. Hop-
kins is to become chairman, for the
purpose of buying the necessities of
life and distributing them among the
needy unemployed. . , .
“In order to assure speed and effec
tiveness in the movement of huge sup-
plies, the President has directed got
only that the corporation be equipped
with adequate funds, but also that it
should be given wide powers In the
purchasing and distribution of surplus
foods and other commodities,”
“The President believes the corpora.
tion can be organized quickly and in
such manner as to become the best
agent for decisive action in the emer.
gency.
“Mr. Hopkins has canvabsed with
the President the relief situation in
!
the country as a whole, The Presi
dent is convinced that In many states
relief allowances now made by state
and municipal authorities are far from
adequate and must be substantially
increased as rapidly as possible,
“The President asserted that while
farmers’ buylng power has increased
to an encouraging degree, agricultural
prices still remain substantially below
the level needed to hasten the country
on the road to economle recovery.
“The new effort worked out by Mr.
Hopkins and Secretary Wallace to
make maximum use of surpluses that
have been burdening the commodity
markets, Is part of intensified plans to
raise farm prices to economic levels.
The agricultural administration's ef-
forts to control production of sur-
pluses too great to be used are to be
continued, .
“The corporation will have powers
to purchase directly from farmers.
whenever desirable, In such a way as
to carry out the purposes of the agrl-
cultural adjustment act.”
HICAGO was in the possession of
the American Legion and the vet-
erans had a joyous time In thelr con-
vention and all its associated doings
and especially at the
World's fair. The
Forty and Eight, fun.
making organization
of the Leglon, held its
torchlight parade the
opening night, and the
following day the Le
gion staged one of the
greatest parades ever
seen In this country.
For many hours the
“boys” marched, down
Michigan avenue,
through Soldier field
and back through Grant park to the
disbanding point. In the line were
about six hundred musical organiza.
tions and drill teams,
Count Adalbert de Chambrun, a gen
eral in the French army, brought the
greetings of his country and 4.000.000
French veterans to the Legion con-
vention, and Italy was represented
by Guglielmo Marconi, the Inventor
of wireless telegraphy.
In its serious sessions the Legion
convention elected Edward A. Hayes
of Decatur, Ill, national commander,
and adopted “various resolutions that
supported the policies of the Roose
veil administration. Mr. Hayes, a past
commander of the Illinois department,
had a great deal to do with the
formulation of the “four-point” pro-
gram designed to conciliate differ.
ences between the Legion and the
national administration eoncerning ex-
penditures for veterans’ relief.
NGELBERT DOLLFUSS, chancel.
lor of Austria, barely escaped
death at the hands of an assassin in
Vienna. One Rudolf Dertll, a recent
arrival from Styria,
fired twice at the lit-
tle statesman, one bul.
let hitting him in the
arm and the other
glancing from a coat
button. Naturally the
authorities Immediate
ly declared this was
part of a Nazi plot,
but they were unable
to show that Dertl]
was a Nazi. Anyhow,
the attempt on his
life strengthened the Dollfuse
chancellor's position and made him n
hero In the eyes of the public,
Dolifuss plans the establishment of
& state that Is a compromise between
Fascism and democracy, and this does
not suit many of his friends, notably
Prince Starhemberg, leader of the
heimwehr. The prince wants Italian
Fascism for Austria, but he was
forced to postpone action until the
chancellor should recover from his
wound.
Edward A.
Hayes
(GRIPrTH park forest preserve at
Los Angeles was the scene of a
terrible holocaust In which at least 27
men met death-—and the victims may
have numbered fifty or more. The
men, relief roll workers, had been or.
dered to put out a small brush fire
and in their ignorance of proper meth.
ods started a back fire that trapped
many of them In a ravine. At least
that was one explanation. Another
theory was that the fatal conflagra.
tion was started by a carelessly
thrown cigarette. The flames swept
through the woods, dried out by a
long spell of hot weather, and the
panic-stricken men lost all sense of
direction in the dense smoke, Two
hundred or more were taken to hos
pitals badly burned or suffering from
suffocation.
rata took two well-known fig.
ures in the world of sports, W.
L. (“Young”) Stribling, Georgia boxer
who had been a contender for the
heavyweight title, was fatally Injured
in an automobile accident, falling to
recover after the amputation of one
leg. in Lb Veeck, president of
Baseball
the Chicago National ‘League
club, died of leucooythaemia.
ISCUSSIONS of the British war
debt to the United States were
opened in Washington and, much to
the surprise of the public, were turned
- over to the Treasury
department by Secre-
tary of State Hull,
the announcement be-
Ing made that the
matter was being
treated as purely a
financial problem. The
administration desig-
nated Dean Acheson,
undersecretary of the
treasury, to handle
its part In the affair,
and he was alded by
Frederick Livesey, who i8 an asso-
clate economic adviser of the State
department. For the Pritish govern-
ment appeared Sir Frederick Leith-
Ross and T. K. Bewley. The question
at issue was: How much, if at all,
ghall the United States reduce the
British war debt, funded In 1923 for
£4,000,000.0007
Dean Acheson
MERICAN intervention in Cuba
was brought appreciably nearer
by a bloody all-day battle that took
place between the 500 recaleitrant army
and navy officers who. had been be
leaguered In the National hotel and
the troops of President Grau. The
hotel was bombarded until late after.
noon with rifles, machine guns and
cannon and the government sald 18 of
the officers were killed and 17 wound.
ed, which probably was an underesti-
mate. The losses among the soldiers
were officially stated to be 9 killed and
27 wounded. Correspondents said the
total dead In the day's fighting num-
bered at least 44. Among the non-con
testants killed was Robert Lotspeich,
an American, assistant manager In
Havana for Swift & Co.
When the hotel which is owned and
managed by Americans, was practical
ly wrecked by shell the officers
surrendered. As they emerged under
a white flag, unarmed and under guard
of soldiers, they were again attacked
and a number of them massacred
Apartment buildings near the hotel, In
which many Americans resided, were
frequently hit by machine gun bullets
and shells from the Cuban cruiser Pa
tria.
ire,
the greatest possible advantage for
organized labor, the American Federa-
tion of Labor opened its annual con-
vention in Washington. In a prelim-
inary statement President Green said
that since the enactment of the na-
tional recovery act the federation had
increased its membership by 1.000.
000, the total being now approximately
4.000 060,
Nailed to the masthead of the feder.
ation, Mr. Green said, Is the slogan:
“Organize the unorganized in the mass
production industries.” with a member.
ship of 10,000,000 as the next goal, and
after that 25,000,000, “which will bring
the majority of Americans genuinely
and actually within the trade union
family.”
Among the Important pronounce
ments of policy and recommendations
for action placed before the delegates
by the executive council were:
1. The 30-hour week of five days’
work, six hours a day.
2. Increase of minimum wages pro
vided in the
8. Increase wages for
workers, as well as unskilled.
4. Representation of labor in every
stage of code making.
5. Public works must be speeded up
to supply work this winter to large
masses of the idie
6. Congress, upon convening, must
provide adequate relief appropriations,
7. The surplus agricultural products
must be made available for distribu-
tion to the unemployed.
8. Taxation for relief must be pro-
vided by falr contributions from high-
er incomes and surplus profits,
9. Labor must have relief from ex-
cessively stringent federal economy
measures,
codes,
skilled
of
EW York is now enjoying a three
for Joseph V. McKee decided to be an
independent candidate against Mayor
John Patrick O'Brien, -
the Democratic nomi 4
nee, and Fiorello H.
Ia Guardia, the fu.
gion eandidate. In
his announcement, Mr,
McKee said:
“I refused to enter
the Democratic pri
maries because I felt
that to do so would
mark me as a tool of KZ Es
the machine, and that :
would prevent my do- ¥ V. McKee
ing the Job that must be done to re
store our cily government.
“There is no real fusion in this eam
palgn. The so-called fusion standard
bearer is as objectionable to the solld
element of our Republican citizenry
as he is to the vast army of Democrats
who are disgusted with machine pol.
ities. The present standard bearer of
the alleged fusion is a poor compro.
mise by a faction of would-be bosses.”
VIRGINIA fell Into line for repeal
of the Eighteenth amendment. The
wets won by something like 2 to 1.
Fifteen of the 100 counties went dry,
as did the cities of Danville and Rad-
ford. The Old Dominion was the
thirty-second state enrolled against
prohibition.
M*"s ISABELLA G REENWAY,
close friend of Mrs, Roosevelt,
was elected to congress in a special
election In Arizona to fill the seat va
cated by Lewis W. Douglas, now di
rector of the budget. Nominated by
the Democrats, she easily defeated the
Republican and Socialist eandidates,
© 1933, Western Newspaper Union,
RR
HI
[IT
Su 37
Washington.—The President lately
has been stressing the necessity of
providing credit,
More Credit loans of money to
Demanded those who want to
do business but who
haven't the resources after four years
of the depression to get going again.
Jesse Jones, chalrman of the Recon-
struction Finance corporation, has
made several speeches urging that the
banks make loans freely to the butch.
er, the baker and the candlestick mak-
elsewhere in the govern-
shall be provided, credit here, credit
there, and credit otherwise. All of
which has moved observers here to In-
quire, “whither goest thou, Uncle
Sam?
Students of finance and economics
oats tell me that there must be liberal
use of credit at any time in this coun-
try. It seems to be the system we
have built up. Now, more than ever,
I am told, Is there a necessity for lib.
eral terms to borrowers. They predi.
cate thelr views on that which is the
fact, namely, that in every community
there are businesses that would lke
to get going again on something like
& normal basis if they had the re
sources, These resources, however,
have been depleted by four extremely
difficult years, and consequently the
business men have to proceed slowly.
jut the continued shouting that
there must be credit has more to it
than Just the fact that money ought
to be loaned. The economists admit
frankly other factors must be
considered. In the first instance, when
the banker of your community makes
a loan, he loans your money that has
been entrusted to hig care in the form
of deposits In his bank. In the sec
ond place, the business man who bor
rows Is taking a risk, for he has to
put up collateral security with his note
to the bank, and needless to say that
vollateral is always sufficient to insure
the bank against loss. So, If the bor.
rower falls to make a profi the
money he borrows, or if he makes a
bad guess on the Investment of that
money, and he not
the amount borrowed but his collateral
as well, So, even If he has the re
sources to put up the required collat
eral, he Is going to think twice before
he borrows
Summed up, therefore, the question
of private credit or private loans on
liberal terms is not limited the
banks by any means. In other words.
you can lead a horse to water, but you
ean't make him drink. In this case,
sometimes there Is no horse to lead
to water and sometimes there is po
water when the horse gets there.
® . *
that
on
loses, only loses
to
Bat let us turn to a consideration of
government credit. The government
is putling out money in a dozen differ
ent ways and it is using the seml-gov
ernment agency, the federal reserve sys
tem, to put out other money. -Yet the
same factors are Influencing that sito.
ation as those that are at work In the
When the federal reserve system
of President Wilson, one of the dreams
of its sponsors was that It would make
credit easy, that it would provide
money when business needed it. This
has been found to be true, Banks that
are members of the federal reserve
with the
federal reserve banks. What they do
actually is sell that note to the reserve
It Is almost like borrowing from a lo
tween an Individual or a corporation
and the local bank.
- . »
The federal reserve banks are oper-
ating now on what Is known as an
easy money policy.
Easy Money They are loaning
: money to the mem
Policy ber banks on dis
counts at a very low rate of interest.
In addition, the reserve banks are en.
gaged In open market operations un-
der which they are buying United
States bonds and treasury notes at
the rates of about fifty million dollars’
worth a week. The theory of this Is
that the reserve banks, having an elas
tic stock of money, will put out cash
every time they buy one of those gov.
ernment bonds which are acquired
wherever they ean be bought That
has put out cash, but from what the
financiers tell me the release of that
currency has not resulted In banks
loaning additional funds to thelr cus
tomers for the reasons outlined above.
Since there has been no swarm of bor.
rowers at the bank windows, the cash
that has been put out by the reserve
banks simply has found its way back
into the banks as deposits, What
then? The banks have taken that
cash to pay off whatever debts they
have at the reserve banks and have
taken thelr customers’ notes back
to hold them until they mature. Which
is perfectly natural, because the banks
ean earn a profit only from the inter.
est they recelve on loans, and If the
rowings from the reserve banks,
Hence, with the note bask in its pos-
session, the bank gets all of the inter-
est,
CE
Now, as to the loans that are being
made by the Reconstruction ¥inance
corporation, the Department of Agri-
culture, the Farm Credit administra-
tion, the Federal Home Owners’ Loan
corporation, and whatever other
agency there may be, it 18 the same
old story. None of them can joan
unless the security is ample. That Is,
a farmer cannot borrow unless he has
a farm which he can mortgage or a
growing crop or some work stock, and
has a house which he ean mortgage, If
it were not that way, the government
would be putting out money without a
chance of getting repald unless the
borrower wanted to do it. It takes
no fortune teller or soothsayer to fore-
see where that would lead and what
it would amount to in the end It
would simply be taking money paid
into the federal treasury by taxpayers
and virtually giving it away. Obvl-
paying It in.
And having mentioned the taxpay-
ers, I gather from conversations with
payers are due for a tremendous shock
anyway before this
completed. The expenditures are so
vast and in so many ways that it is
difficult, If not to tell how
much the thing Is costing. Of course,
ns I see it, If recovery takes place and
there Is prosperity abroad in the land,
nobody Is golng to object 1 much,
2
if the methods em
recovery
impossible,
On the other hand,
by the
tion fail to bring
and the country has worry along
for awhile In the condition it
then It appears quite obvious
ployed Roosevelt
complete
to
game
recoy ery
now is,
that the ta
enough cane to rout some of the publie
officials out of their jobs.
. vr
Xpayers are going to raise
ROADSIDE
MARKETING
By T. J. Delohery
BRING CONSUMERS OUT
TO THE FARM
WESLEY HAWLEY lives ten miles
out of town and off the paved
road, yet he has no trouble getting
people to pass up other orchards on
their way out to Pleasant Valley Fruit
farm to buy his apples, peaches, cher-
i
|
mits are a distinet adva
prevailing wholesale quotations,
ringing eonsumers out to
niage over
farm
ps such as
fruits, eggs, meats and similar prod-
vets Isn't so difficult. The short sea-
fon and the uncommonness of the
crops together with their quality and
deliciousness comprise a lure which,
if bandled properly, will bring surpris-
A trip to a farm market should be a
about six million pigs weighing less
than 100 pounds and
Wallace Plan one m illlon sows
Half Success about to farrow, as
a means of culling
down the hog surplus and forcing
prices higher appears to have been
only about half successful. Or, to say
it another way, the program failed.
Department experts wop't say why it
falled. but there has been a good deal
of discussion in the Capital that the
secretary's plan missed fire becanse it
did not into consideration
practical, human of
equation. It was a beautiful theory.
I think the secretary ought not to be
charged wholly with it, however, be
cause it had its Inception in the minds
of certain men who claim to be lead-
ers In agricultural thought who put
their heads together with some of the
professors who are so numerous
around Washington. Of course, the
program became the Wallace plan as
soon as he approved it
From divers sources, I get the Infor.
mation that farmers In many sections
of the country held off marketing their
pige and thelr sows, even with the
premium the Department of Agricul
ture was paying, because they wanted
to wait for those higher prices that
the Department of Agricultore said
would come. Quite obviously, they ex-
pected the little pigs to grow up, and
when they became bigger pigs and
prices were higher, there would be
bigger amounts of money.
The net result of the whole show
was that the Department of Agricul.
ture put out only about $ZZ000.000 in
its pig program, whereas it had est!
mated that there would ba approxi.
mately £50,000,000 expended. A part
of the total paid out went to the proc-
essors, such as the meat packers and
butchers, as compensation for the
work they did. The country's hog
population was reduced by the extent
of about four million pigs, while In
stead of one milllon sows being bought
and killed, there were not more than
one hundred thousand.
+ * *
Notwithstanding the fallure of the
program to buy pigs and sows, the
outlook for hog sup-
Expect Lower plies in the principal
: markets during the
Shipments forthcoming market.
ing year is for lower shipments than
in several years. The marketing year
ending October 1, 1033, saw roughly
47250000 head of hogs slanghtered.
That total, and it is fairly accurate
hecanse federal inspectors see all of
the hogs killed, was the largest In
four years. But the marketing year
Just now starting gives every indica.
tion of a considerably smaller ship
ment and slaughter and that probably
means higher prices, according to the
the
the
take
the side,
experts,
The relationship between hog prices
and corn prices has been unfavorable
for hog production In the last three
months, and the prediction from the
condition will continue for probably a
year. It Is to be assumed that this
will result In a smaller pig crop this
fall than Is usual, although since the
plan to buy pigs failed to materialize
into satisfactory results, 1 do not sce
bow the experts can guess the dimen
sions of the pig crop.
© 1833, Western Newspaper Unlen.
Henry Loser
melon parties, around
the lawn where the visitors can eat
melon without observing exact table
manners, and without being too care
where the rinds or fall.
Cleaning up Is a little extra work, as
no “don’t” signs, but Mrs
Loser finds her profits in keeping with
the effort.
“Our customers are more than buy-
of watermelon” Mrs 1x ex-
“They friends,
cf apt #
entertains
wiler-
tables
placing
seeds
ser
plained.
are
Full Boxes and Uniform Quality.
flay around several hours
themselves. Ordinarily thes
cold melon to the fa
then take another two
with them. Thus the tables
chairs on the lawn are the 1
us making two to three sales t
of one.™
John Benk of Worth, Ill, lives off
the road, yet a jot of people pass up
“fresh eggs for sale” signs to buy from
him. Benk, a truck grower, and one
of the biggest producer on sets,
keeps a flock of 400 to 500 White Leg-
horns. He gets 5 to above
retall, grading and candling the eggs
before he packs them In neat contain
ers. Every egg Is guaranteed.
A free meal, featuring fresh egg
is the bait John Schmidt offers people
invited out to his farm. There are no
strings attached to the but
Schmidt times it so there Is an oppor-
tunity to visit his pouitry yards and
inspect his buildings, flock and equip
ment. Naturally, egg sales follow, and
8 good percentage of the visitors be
come steady customers,
Motorists driving through Shawnee,
Kan, would not do much more than
slow down to observe the village speed
laws, except for the Frank Payne's
flower and fruit farm facing one of
the side roads, which attracts 25.000
automobile parties each year. Two po
licemen are necessary to handle the
Sunday traffic.
Payne, who started growing straw
berries when he lost his city job, tore
out his fence rows because of the
weeds, Then he planted flowers
which neighbors ssid would not grow;
but they did and he found Kansas City
florists would pay him enough for the
Bowers to cover his taxes. While ber
ries were making a profit, he set ont
apple trees, and gave more time to
flowers, making beds all over the front
yard.
Fruit customers also bought flowers
and plants, Payne having arranged his
beds with solid and mixed colors to
show people how the various color
schemes would blend In with the re
mainder of their gardens.
Surplus cut flowers were made Into
bouquets and given to visitors, even
though they bought nothing.
Broken Bow is ten miles from Tulsa,
Okla., but Smith Testerman sells, right
at his doorstep, all the eggs pro
duced by his huge flock. Sunny Slope
farm Is well known, the Tulsa Cham-
ber of Commerce having induced Tes
terman to serve Morrison, 65 miles
distant, because they wanted to have
a sure supply of fresh, quality eggs
At the time the offer was made, fresh
eggs were very scarce around the oll
town and the oity people made good
their promise of full support if Tester
man would imcrease the size of his
and enjoy
bay =»
and
home
and
8 of
wad
fst on
rin
one or
8 of nm
( apy
10 cents
supper;
R. B, Preston lives on a little used
ton has a modern home that is deco:
rated in keeping with the rest of the
buildings and the general landscape.
He sells fresh eggs, poultry, shrubs
and flowers, the last two products be
jog a sideline which was developed as
a result of people asking where stock
similar to that growing around the
farm, could be obtained.
© 1922, Western Newspaper Union.