ke
ITTING precariously on the edge
of the Cuban Presidential chair
to which he had been hoisted by the
radical junta, Ramon Grau San Mar
BE tin endeavored ear-
nestly to maintain his
balance and to estab-
lish a government so
solid that it would be
given recognition by
the United States. On
all sides he was beset
with difficulties and
threats, In the big
National hotel were
the deposed army and
navy officers, heavily
armed and supported
§an Martin by the more conserv-
tive faetions that favored the return
to power of De Cespedes whom the
radiéals had shoved out. In the har-
bor of Havana and elsewhere about
the istand were American warships, em-
bodying the possibility of armed inter-
vention by Uncle Sam If conditions be-
came too chaotic. In the capital city
and other centers new political and
revolutionary factions formed nightly,
and various complicated the
situation. Money, food and gasoline
for the troops that were supporting
Grau San Martin were running low,
and merchants were refusing credit.
Nevertheless, the President, who Is
a more forceful figure than De Cespe-
des, carried en bravely and proceeded
to select a cabinet, Posing and speak-
Ing for the talkies, he declared: “At
last Cuba Is again free among civi-
lized nations of the world. Cuba now
has a stable government, all that we
need for prosperity, and we hope that
prosperity will come quickly.”
he ousted military officers, who had
taken entire possession of the National
hotel and were beleaguered there by
the radical soldiers, sent Col. Horatio
Ferrer, secretary of war and navy un
der De Cespedes, to the Presidential
palace to demand the immediate resig-
nation of San Martin, but he
met with no success, Meanwhile the
entire staff of the hotel left and the
officers forced to run the place
themselves. Ambassador Welles, who
had resided In the hotel, also departed,
as did most of the Americans who had
taken refuge there,
Ramon Grau
strikes
Gran
were
\ ASHINGTON, of course, was
f watching the developments in
Cuba with deep not to say
anxiety, but President Roosevelt was
determined to avold Intervention If
possible. Through Secretary of State
Hull he indicated that he would fol-
low a line of strict neutrality among
the island's factions and would permit
Cuba to solve her own political prob
lems, Mr. Hull's
was:
ie government of
interest,
formal statemen
United
States has no interest in behalf of or
prejudice against any political group
or indepéndent organization which is
today active im the political life of
Cuba.”
who returned to Cuba after the ousting
of Machado, entered into the picture
when the military officers Invited him
to lead their effort to force Grau San
Martin out of the Presidency.
FoR several days Spain was with-
out a cabinet, following the oust-
ing of the pro-Socialist government of
Premier Manuel Azana, and the situ
ation was eritieal PP 1
However, President :
Aamora called in Ale
Jandro Lerroux, vet |
eran Republican lead- | =
er, and charged him § .
to form a coalition
cabinet based solely
on the Radical party
and the independent
republicans. This Ler-
roux accomplished
with some difficulty,
persuading all the mi-
nority republican
groups to support him, although two
of their leaders, Salvador de Madariaga
and Felipe Sanchez Roman, had re
fused to sign up. Lerroux selected a
eabinet that was approved by Presi-
dent Zamora. Of its thirteen mem.
bers, six are members of the Radical
party. which Is really the most con
servalive party In the country, so the
government has taken a decided turn
to the right. Lerroux and his govern.
ment may have considerable difficulty
in the cortes, for the Socialist left
and the monarchist right will be
strong in opposition,
One thing the Spanish government
has to cope with Is the great erime
wave that Is sweeping over the eoun-
try. Murders, bombings and incendiary
fires have been frequent and the police
and civil guards so far have been un-
able to check the outrages, Many of
the crimes are attributed to Commu.
nists.
Alejandro
Lerroux
UR more states fell into line for
repeal of -the Eighteenth amend-
ment, making twenty-nine that so far
have voted, with none in opposition,
Only seven more are needed for the
ratification of the amendment, and
now not even the most confirmed pro-
hibitionists believe the wet wave can
be pushed back. It is a moral certain
ty that repeal will be accomplished be-
fore Christmas,
Maine, stronghold of prohibition
since 1851, proved her change of heart
by voting more than 2 to 1 for repeal.
The wets carried every county and
their 80 delegates will take formal
action In convention on December 6.
Then, all in one day, came Maryland,
nearly 5 to 1 for repeal; Minnesota,
where the wets outnumbered the drys
more than 2 to 1; and Colorado, where
the repealists won by nearly 3 to 1.
Other states to vote on the repeal
amendment this year are: Idaho and
New Mexico, September 19; Virginia,
October 3; Florida, October 10: Ohlo,
Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Kentucky and Utah, Novem-
ber 7. The repealists can afford to
lose three of these, but probably will
not do so.
NEY YORK city staged a huge NRA
parade, and as a preliminary Ad-
ministrator Hugh Johnson, addressing
f& mass meeting, Informed the nation
that 85 per cent of the employers in
the United States were already en-
rolled under the blue eagle. He at-
tacked critics of the NIRA, which he
declared was “not an attempt at regl-
mentation of Industry, but a charter of
freedom,” and asserted the country
had been lifted “about one-quarter of
the way out of the inky blackness of
last March.”
While General Johnson was strug.
gling in Washington to formulate a
code that would be accepted by the
soft coal Interests, President Roosevelt
was endeavoring, in a conference with
the heads of each of the recovery
nits, to push ahead three of the major
parts of his program—expansion of
credit, insurance of bank deposits and
control of the ofl Industry.
Ald for the small business man, who
still is having trouble with his credit
arrangements now [8 the central ques
tion in the government's credit prob
lem, according to Jesse HH.
chairman of Reconstruction
Finance corporation, who
the conference. Large Industries
finding accommodations, he said.
Banks In small towns must be con-
vinced that loans are now feasible, ac
cording to Mr, Jones, They are still
hanging back and pot helping the
merchants and industries In their com.
munities, Mr, Jones said.
Mr. Jones repeated his threat that
the government plans to take over
functions of 8 through the me-
dium of mortgage
formed among in
counting of paper with the BR, F. C.
This
the remaining credit diffieul
road of the recos
Jones,
the
attended
are
corporat 3
pon Y
ustries for the dis.
device, he sald, would clea:
ry drive,
with the President, said that the
fixing provisions would remain the
oll code, but that he would not at
tempt to regulate pri such a
step became necessary.
In another conference, plans to eol-
lect a billion dollars In back taxes due
the federal government were laid be
fore President Roosevelt by Guy T.
Helvering, commissioner of internal
revenue,
Of the total due, £750.000.000 is tied
! es until
is seeking to speed, Helvering ex
plained, because tax payers are seek.
ing to have it refunded to them. An-
other $250,000000 has not been paid
in. Assured by the President of a suf-
ficient fund to carry on the work, Hel
vering sald he hoped to round up
£300,000,000 in the near future with-
out great difficulty. No prosecutions
are being planned at present,
DVOCATES of recognition of the
Soviet Russian government by the
United States are much encouraged by
the appointment of John Van A. Mac
Murray as minister to "
Estonia, Latvia and i
Lithuania. They be
lieve this is a step
toward recognition
and that Mr, MacMur-
ray will be our am-
bassador at Moscow
before very long. He
is a college professor
specialist In Russian
affairs and history
and recently returned
from a trip through
Russia. In every re. MacMurray
spect Mr. MacMurray Is qualified to
represent the United States abroad,
for he has held many important posts
in the diplomatic service, in Europe
and in the Far East. In 1024 he was
an assistant secretary of state and
soon after was appointed minister te
China.
It is believed that the next step in
the program for Russian recognition
will be the establishment of credits
amounting to at least $50,000,000 for
Russian purchases of copper, cotton
and railroad supplies in this country,
John Van A,
RAQ was In deep mourning for King
Feisal, who died suddenly In Berne,
Switzerland, Kis son, Ghazi, twenty
one years old, was declared his sue
cessor and took the oath of office at
Basrah, He retained his father's eab-
inet and was expected to follow Fel.
sal's policies.
EBACE for ten years between Greece
and Turkey is assured by the pact
which was signed at Ankara by Pre
miers Tsaladris and Ismet Pasha.
The pact guarantees reciprocal fron-
tier security against aggression, a com-
mon understanding before deciding on
domestic and international questions
and mutual representation at interna-
tional conferences,
HANCELLOR HITLER and his
Nazis have compelled Prof, Al-
bert Einstein to revise in part his long
held pacifist attitude, His altered
views appeared in a
letter to a Belgian an
ti-militarist who ap-
pealed to him to help
two lelglan conscl-
entious
military service
had started a hunger
strike,
“You will be very
astonished at what I
am going to tell you,"
Professor Einstein
wrote, “Only a short
could hope to fight
Europe successfully by
refusals to do service, But
are in the al-
different circumstances,
There is In the center of Europe a
state (Germany) which is publicly
preparing for war by all means.
“In these conditions the Latin coun-
tries, above all France and Belgium,
are in great danger and can
count on thelr preparedness,
“As far as Belgium is concerned it
Is obvious that this little country will
not make abusive use of its prepara
tion and that it has the greatest need
to safeguard its existence,
“Imagine Bel®Mum occupied by pres
ent-day Germany! It would undoubt
edly be than in 1014, even
though occupation at that time wnt
terrible, That Is why I am telling
you In the direct fashion that
if I were a Belgian I would not re
fuse to do military service under the
present circumstances, but on the con-
trary I would accept it In full con-
with the feeling that I was
contributing to save European civil
zation.”
At that time
Prof. Einstein.
time ago we
militarism in
individua
today
together
we presence of
y
oniy
worse
most
science
was In Brus
a Nazi organ.
ization had put him on its death list,
g0 he fled to England and hid In a
cabin on coast provided for
Oliver Locker
n was Kept secret
Einstein
the ¢
him der
Lampson
and he said he
until October, when he was comis
lecture,
by Con
Its locat!
remain there
g to
would
America to
I OUISIANA'S women have no in.
~ tention of letting up In their fight
to obtain the ousting of Huey Long
and John H, Overton from the United
senate. Their organization,
headed by Mrs. Hilda Phelps Ham
mond, sent a long telegram to Senator
Connally of Texas, of the
senate Investigating co
manding that
its inquiry Into the state
geated Overton,
gram sald in part:
“The that
addursd by a competent need
States
chairman
jittee, de
sittee conclude
on that
{ole
the com
Senator
evidence of record wan
mrad
m’s electio
to end was 1
perpetr:
Overton's ca
1 consen
boasted
ar
“Senator Long has
that word has gone
of him, We prefer
ator Long's
tude of your comm
confirm its truth
ily
down to lay o
to disbelieve
but
must
In the name of de.
cent citizenry and appealing to =
rightful sense of duty as a United
States senator, we urge yon and your
committee to take Immediate and en
ergetic action.”
Ren
statement, the atti
ittee seem to
RUISED and footsore after a week
of struggling through the forests
of Ontario, Ward T. Van Orman and
Frank A. Trotter, pilots of a Goodyear
balloon in the James g :
Gordon Bennett race
from Chicago, were
found and brought
back to civilization,
Caught in a bad
squall, they had been
forced to land, upside
down, in dense woods,
the two men fought
their way slowly to-
ward the line of the
Ontario Hydroelectric
company. Their res.
cue was made possible by the cutting
down of a telephone pole along this
line, for James Barrett, lineman, seek-
ing the cause of an interruption in
service, found a note written by the
aeronauts, Following a coyrse which
the note mentioned, the lineman found
the Americans in a camp at Tower No.
38, an outpost.
Though formal announcement had
not been made, It appeared the win-
ners of the race were Capt, Franciszek
Hynek and Lieut. Zbygniew Burzynski
of Poland, who landed near Riviere a,
Pierre, Quebec, 812 miles from Chiea-
go. Van Orman and Trotter made
about 500 miles, Lieutenant Comman-
der T. G. W. Settle and Charles H,
Kendall, pilots of the United States
navy balloon, landed In Connecticut.
They traveled about 750 miles. Bal.
loons representing Germany, Belgium,
and France flew shorter distances,
W. T. Van
Orman
Tony CANZONERI made a gallapt
effort to regain the lightweight titie
in New York and failed. For fifteen
rounds he battled with Barney Ross
of Chicago, the present champion, but
in the end the decision was given the
younger man who had conquered Tony
last June.
©. 1033, Western Newspaper Unions
National Topics Interpreted
Washington.~~With the recent ap-
pointment of Walter J, Cummings of
Chicago, and BE, GQ.
Insuring jennett of Salt
: Lake, as members
Bank Deposits of the board, the
new Federal Deposit Insurance corpor-
atfon formally has taken shape, and
the second big step has been made
toward another experiment in national
government, namely, the insurance of
bank deposits of private individuals
and corporations, Nothing like it has
ever been ‘attempted on so vast a
scale as 1s now being worked out for
the banking act of 1933 was the first
national law ever to carry provisions
for guaranteeing deposits, Of course,
it does not become operative until next
January 1, but many tasks remain to
be performed before this new
of federal machinery is ready to run.
Because it Is a new thing and be
cause of its complicated character,
it seems better to outline again what
the deposit Insurance proposes to do,
After January 1, 1034, each and every
deposit amounting to £2500 or less is
antomatically Insured if the bank In
which that has
complied with the requirements of
those are highly
technleal and quite complex for a lay
man to understand, it may suffice to
say the law demands that the bank be
absolutely sound and that it have suf
ficient assets that it pay off de
positors 100 cents for each dollar. If
a bank cannot do that, law an
thorizes the board of the
to refuse to admit that bank to mem
bership, and when that happens, it
seems to me, the particular bank may
az well close up shop, Few
will leave thelr money with it
than it takes to withdraw it,
I have been speaking of
called temporary insurance provisions
for there isa permanent insurance act
that effect July 1, 1034, and
then amount of deposits coming
under the protection of the insurance
piece
money Is deposited
law,
Since requirements
can
the
of rporat an
persons
longer
the so
takes
the
fund will be much larger.
July 1, any depositor's acem
£10000 or
In the next
unt up to $10,000 will be
ing to less will
insured category,
the acce
gured sid
ahove that figure
O00, If the
£50,000, the first $10,000 will be
insured, the
and $50,000
sured,
5 per cent of the amount
the
greater
until total
total is
10.0600
amount between §
ty
in
will be 75 per cent
and all $50,000 will be
50 per cent insured The theory Is
that this protection will make it cer
tain none of
eriously handicapped should the bar
Re The
will be paid In full within a very few
days after the bank fails, for the de
posit insurance fund will have money
with which to do It. The Deposit In
above
the depositors wil
the depositors
ik
surance corporation
assets of the bank.
get as much of its me
kible, after it has paid
tors, It reme
ever, that those with
may
money, for part of
sured,
iz to he
large
have to wait awhile
those
- - *
While the Federal Insure
ance corporation Is a federal agency,
it is In fact owned
Banks Put by the banks them
Up Money
Deposit
selves, They have
to put up the
money. The law requires that each
bank becoming a member of the cor
poration must pay into the fund a
sum equal to one-half of 1 per centum
of the deposits that bank has. That
will make several hundred million dol
lars available and the supporters of
the insurance plan claim the total wil
be large enough to last a long time
before another assessment will have to
be made upon the banks to replenish
the fand. That, of course, is open to
question. Only time can tell whether
the fund is sufficient. Nor can anyone
know now how many bank fajlures
there will be In the future. If there
are few, then the drain on the insur
ance fund will be small and, converse
ly, If there should be a seige of fall
ures such as we had in the last several
how long $250,000,000 will last in pay.
ing off depositors,
All of the national banks, that Is
from the comptroller of the currency
the treasury, must be members of
the corporation. The law makes that
certain. Then, all of the banks op
respective states and which are mem.
bers of the Federal Reserve System
must be members. That is in the law,
too. But there are some eight thou
sand state banks which are not mem.
hers of the Federal Reserve System.
With them, membership in the corpora.
tion is optional, If they choose to
seek membership—and all of them
must or face withdrawal of deposits
they must pass the examination that
the law provides,
There is where the rub comes. The
examination will be strict. The banks
can't “bone up” for that examination.
Their assets must be sound, they must
be as large or larger than the total
of the deposits, and they must be
able to show that If their depositors
are insured, the corporation can soon.
er or later get the money back which
it pays out to those depositors,
It is well known that It takes an
average of about seven years for a
bank that has failed to wind up its
affairs. That necessarily means that
depositors will get their money back,
or whatever part of it that is saved
from the wreckage, in driblets,
» * *
When the Banking Act of 1033, with
its insurance provisions,
consideration In con-
Good and gress, there
Bad Bankers some bitter
I
ents, They were
bankers which obviously they were
and the accusation was hurled at
them because a good many bankers
were In disrepute. But many obsery-
ers here have held the opinion that
the invectives, when the opponents
were called banker spokesmen, were
unjustified, because have been
good bankers as well as bad bankers,
intelligent bankers as well as dumb
ones, in this country.
would without
The sponsors of the insurance sys-
tem long and loudly on the
beautiful theory of deposit insurance.
It is nothing, after all, but plain old
guarantee of bank deposits, and it has
an intensely practical side that
be discussed If anyone is to under
stand the full import of the experi-
ment upon which we are launching.
From the standpoint of bank.
ers, it is claimed that they are being
t by congress. They point
he failure of intees tried out
in half a dozen states, and how those
the iden.
plan too expen
it proved too big a bur-
on the stat the
the
banks,
bankers
there
we be oanks,
dwelt
most
guard
states In time abandoned
he states found the
re, because
den treasuries. In
current
fall on the
most of the
kicking about it
They that
are be ¢ responsible for
wa the part
“What
case, burden is going to
and
are
themsely
obvious ly
advance the argument
they
dumbness and crook
of dumb or crooked
that type of I: * asks
sound banker, “whether he runs
is bank on a sane basis or not? If he
guts the fund
iy8 the witor i we pay the
ingurance fund throug
present fund is exhausted”
merit
does
the
h
bank, the Insurance
dex
h assessments
when the
And, It
in their arg
Every one hopes, 1 believe, that
insurance fund can ade to work,
but not every one Is convinced that it
can be The
human allibil is a factor
whi legislation
seems to me, there Is
ment,
the
he nn
successful, element of
against
drawn.
It We nr teresting thing to
» interested in
can be
Secretary Wallace ar
vi ogy gtall
Milk
Production
production of the nat
a plan if almost compl
to be adopted by the
only way to avol :
over the milk production prob!
thousand milk for as many
cities. Ten or fifteen of these agree
ments, local in character. have been
worked out, but the secretary holds
them to be mere stopgaps. They are
ns 0:
agreement
farmers to
milk
Such
the
n's herds
sheds
is to be a solution for the milk prob.
lem it. must be worked out on a na-
tional basis, the experts tell me,
The secretary's ideas about control
of milk and butter production directs
attention to the situation in the dairy
industry. It must be remembered,
of all commodities. Butter can be,
and is, stored but it cannot be held
indefinitely and remain marketable.
In the second place, It be must re-
membered, that production of milk
and butter has been on the increase
in the last few years. The rate has
been so rapid that the American pro-
duction of butter is almost to the
point where exports will have to take
place and, of course, the milk “wars”
have shown what the situation is as
regards the distribution of milk.
It is true, according to authentic
statistics, that more and more cows
are being added to the dairy herds.
This means increased production of
able to absorb no more. I am told
that there will be more milk cows In
this country next January 1 than ever
before In history. That is ominous,
is a small annual importation of but.
ter. The fact that the production is
not quite enough for domestic coh
sumption makes the tarlll against Im-
ported butter effective and one of the
results Is that the price pald for the
milk and for the butter are raised.
But once that production reaches the
point where there is need for exporta-
tion of some of the surplus, the leval
of prices In this country immediately
will conform te the world level of
prices and that level is lower than
ours,
80 Secretary Wallace says there
ought to be some general agreement
whereby this cutthroat competition
ean be checked. It is cut-throat com-
petition when every dairy farmer is
adding to his herds and rushing his
production faster and faster in order
to get the available markets,
1933, Western Newspaper Unlon,
- |
ROADSIDE
MARKETING
By T. J. Delohery
ADVERTISING MOVLS
SURPLUS
ACRES OF STRAWBERRIES!
The best of berries at their best,
choice sorts from four whole acres
will be offered the patrons of Watts
Wayside market, from about June 18
to July 10.
Modern irrigation equi
assurance of large lusciou
adequate force insures careful pick~
ing In prime condition Within an
hour, while they yet de-
Helous aroma and wonderful flavor of
God's best berry at its be #1, they will
be availiable at
WATTS WAYSIDE MARKET
Midway Betweep Altoona and Tyrone.
pment gives
# berries, An
retain the
MONTH before stra
ripe for picking, (sl
inserted this
local news
wWhHerTies were
display advert ‘
spapers, several
It clicked
about berries,
week,
Inquire
Customers
ually working up as |
ched. W
Ady
proa tts sold out w
ble, ertising
Hee
homes are sold
Ho
the p
1"
Ee
ng in apers t
ers who direct to
have taken a page from
dising experience of
and are buying advertising
{iD ers,
Put
proven
only
in getting rid
able
vegetables and
He sells to re
ces because he
§ Won a repu-
1kes
1 fru lers,
but pets profitable
advertises loca
jon for Sweet's produnets that ma
m in demand regardless of the reg-
ular supply. Retailers, as a result, are
giad to buy of him,
Several years ago when he
for the first time
brought about =a
generally. Sensing low
the
grew
squash the
season
bumper yield
ahd pasted a
fruit which
newspaper advertising
“Cut me In half, serve me well
Bake and serve me in the
SWEET'S ACORN BQUASH"
$1 a bushel
and later,
shell
His squash moved at
despite the oversupply,
when prices dropped as low as 40
cents, retailers were offering him
£1.25 a bushel. But he had sold out.
“For people merely to find out who
we are and that we sell vegetables
is only part of our advertising work”
he explained. “The big idea is to keep
the name of Sweet and our vegetables
before them every day. To help ac
complish this we advertise continuous.
Ivy in our local paper and in news
papers In other towns which we sup
ply.
“Mra. Sweet Is our copy writer.
She has a flair for the job. Here for
instance, is our advertising for car
rots:
BWEETS HOMEGROWN CARROTS
These carrols are snappy and sweet.
They contain the valuable mineral
salts that are essential to your good
health,
They are pleasant to eat, either raw
or cooked.
They are in ample supply at all
good grocers and very moderate In
price,
Request Sweet's Homegrown Carrots
at your grocers
This copy, several inches deep, sug.
gests several desirable characteristics
of the lowly carrot which might not
occur to the housewife, It didn’t cost
much, and it sold carrots. Incidentally
Sweet's advertising, while not men.
tioning retailers, cooperates with
them hy urging people to trade where
they can get Sweet vegetables,
Both display and classified space
are used by farmers who sell direct.
©. 1923, Western Newspaver Union,
!