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President Hoover recently issued the annual
Presidential proclamation calling upon Ameri.
cans to set aside Thursday, November 24, as
Thanksgiving day. Above is shown a factimile
of the first Presidential Thanksgiving proclamae
tion, issued by George Washington and setting
the date as Thursday, November 26, 1789,
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
S NOVEMBER 24 approaches,
icans realize that it’ t
talk tu
Thanksgiving
the Ams
ner t
& roas
But
once a year, Is our natior it
be amiss to consids he origin of that typical
ly American expression “to urkey.” If a
certain tradition is ed, it had
origin in an incident which is as ypically Am
fcan as is the cus 4
giving day on the st Thursday in November
and making it a feast day of typically-American
edibles, chief of which is the native American
turkey.
Away back in the early days (Just when no
one seems to know) In one of the thirteen colo-
niles (it cannot be stated positirely which one,
although from certain aspects of the incident
the suspicion arises that a Yankee was one of
the actors) an Indian and a white man agreed
to hunt together for a day and then to divide
the spoils. This they did and the division pro-
ceeded agreeably enough until only a erow and
a turkey remained.
Thereupon the white man, volubly frank and
seemingly generous in manner, said “Now you
may have the crow and I'll take the turkey:
or I'll take the turkey and you may have the
crow.” But the red man was not so easily taken
in by this glib proposal and replied indignantly
“Huh! Why you no talk turkey to me? And
ever since that time, so says the legend, when
a person began to dissemble, to conceal his real
meaning In a superfluity of words, to attempt to
“put over” something on another, it became time
for the other to advise him to “talk turkey,”
L e. to be straightforward and get down to
business,
Reference was made above to the fact that
once a year the turkey Is our national bird. It
is just possible that he might have been our na-
tional bird the other 864 days—that Is, If a sug-
gestion made by jolly old Ben Franklin had been
followed. And thereby hangs the tale of the
first coins and seals that came from the mint
when the new republic of the United States of
America was established. These were rather
crude affairs and the eagle on them looked very
much like a turkey—and a slightly tipsy turkey
at that! Whereupon Franklin wrote this come
ment: “I am not displeased that the figure Is
not known as a bald eagle, but looks more like
a turkey. For In truth, the turkey 1s In com-
parison a much more respectable bird, and with.
al a true native of America. He is besides
{though a little vain and silly, it Is true, but
not the worse emblem for that) a bird of cour
age, and would not hesitate to attack a gren-
adier of the British guards, who should pre
sume to enter his farmyard with a red eont on”
Franklin was quite right in calling the turkey
a “true native of America.” That he was one
of the guthentic “first Americans” is proved by
the fad® that his bones In fossil deposits show
that Ne is of prehistoric origin, and what ap.
pears to have been roosting places for dom.
al cir?
Coed, ~ an
C AL Aois~
avs
RA we So Cal
tise.
Al iis mil Raval?
A
EE
———
estic turkeys have been found attached to pe
eblos and elif dwellings in excavated ruins of
untold centuries ago.
The Spaniards who conquered Mexico found
turkeys, both wild and domesticated, In that
country as early as 1519 and it was no less a
person than Cortez’'s own confessor, Fra Aga
pida, who wrote back to Spaln from Mexico the
following “There is a bird. much greater in big.
ness than a peacock, that is found within the
forests and vegas all over this country, It sur.
passes as food any wild bird we have found up
to this time. The natives do shoot these birds
with arrows and catch them In various kinds of
springes and snares,
Specimens of this splendid fowl were almost
Immediately sent back to Spain and the Jewish
merchants, who were the leading dealers in such
commodities at the time, thought they looked
more like peacocks than anything else. The
Hebrew word for peacock was “tukkl” from a
Hindu word *“toka,” meaning “trailing skirt”
and these merchants began ealling them “tukkis”
or “American tukkia” Soon the word “tukki”
became corrupted to “turkey” and led to a con-
fusion as to their origin, even though they were
of American rather than Turkish nativity.
From Spain the new delicacy from the New
world spread to other parts of Europe and
won instant favor. Turkeys were taken to Persia
by Armenians, and to Batavia by the Dutch. In
France—where the turkey was, and is, called
“dinde” because they believed It hailed from
India—the bird was first served for the wedding
feast of the lively young Charles IX and Eliz.
abeth of Austria. Twelve turkeys were consid
ered fine enough for a royal gift from the mer
chants of Amiens to Charles. By the middie of
the century, England met the bird, and in an-
other 20 years it was being plentifully raised
in various sections of Great Britain,
And now comes one of the curious paradoxes
of history, in that this “native American” be-
came an immigrant to the shores of his own
land, In 1620 a letter written to Governor Endi-
cott In Salem, Mass, by his agents In London
assured him that “tame turkies shall be sent
you by the nexte shippe.” So in a short time
the New England variety of the North Amer.
lean wild turkey was being mixed with his part.
ly domesticated descendant from Mexico via
England—thus completing a eurlous 100-year,
round-the-world ‘our,
It is probable that not one turkey in a thou
eand which will grace the Thar
Americana) is all but extinet In the part of the
country where he first made his appearance
on that festal board,
(Meleagres gallapavo silvestris)
the gulf states and west to Arkansas. There
Rio Grande turkey and In the Rocky mountain
region, another, Merriam's turkey. All modern
domesticated turkeys are derived from the Mex.
fean wild turkey (Meleagres Mexicana) of the
earliest days. From him comes the exquisite pen
ciling of modern domesticated turkeys,
But to get back to why the turkey occupies
stich a prominent place on our Thanksgiving
day dinner table—of that first celebration, held
in Plymouth In 1021, Edward Winslow wrote
back to England as follows:
sent foure men on fowling, that so we might
after a more speciall manner rejoyce together,
after we had gathered In the fruit of our la-
bours; they foure in one day killed as much
fowle, na with a little help beside, served the
company almost a week, at which time amongst
other recreations, we exercised our Armes, many
of the Indians coming amongst us, and amongst
the rest their greatest King Massasoyt, with
some ninety men, whom for three days we en-
tertained and feasted, and they went out and
killed five Deere, which they brought to the
Plantation and bestowed on our Governor, and
upon the Captaine (Standish) and others.”
There 18 no doubt that chief? among the
“fowle” at this feast was the native wild tur
key. However, according to Mary Austin, “Our
elevation of the turkey to the place of honor
on the Thanksgiving dinner table Is not entire
ly owing to its traditional Importance to the
first American Thanksgiving day: it is a trib
ute to the homemaking instinct of the Puritan
women who made the turkey brood a part of
that association of men and their wild breth-
ren which Is inseparable from the human Idea
of home. The Indians doiiesticated the turkey
chiefly for his feathers, which they prized. But
1 have no doubt that the English housewife,
arriving chickenless, got her first feeling of
being at home from the brooding cluck ef the
turkey hen about her door”
{D “ov Wael arn Nawspnnear [inion ¥
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