Stock Must Have
“Plenty of Water
Supply Should Be Warmed
in Cold Weather to
Produce Gains.
Thirsty stock do not get fat, while
dairy cows require four pounds or more
of water for every pound of milk which
+ they produce. Where the drinking wa-
ter is tempered with a tank heater,
faster gains and more economical pro-
duction will result during the winter
months, says the Missouri Farmer,
There is also a saving in feed, for
when large quantities of cold water
are consumed at one time considerable
heat is required to bring this up to
body temperature. Nearly every one
has seen dairy cows hump up thelr
backs and shiver on a cold day after
drinking ice water from a stock tank
and it is not to be expected that such
an experience is conducive to profit
able production. One member of a
dairy herd improvement association
found that his cows made an average
gain of 5.6 pounds of butterfat a month
following the purchase of a heater. At
the Iowa experiment station it was
found that fall pigs given water from
an automatic waterer, kept from freez-
ing with a kerosene lamp, showed an
increase in profit of 17 per cent as
compared to pigs given water in open
troughs, Gains were increased by 5
per cent and the feed requirements
were reduced 10 per cent, due to wa.
ter being available at all times. Stock
tanks should be banked and covered
during the winter and it is also recom.
mended that gravel or cinders be
placed around both the tanks and wa-
terers to prevent accidents due to slip-
ping on icy yards,
Modern Farm Machinery
Calls for Large Fields
Loss of time and labor often results
where fields are small and cut up by
unnecessary barriers, Where two-row
cultivators are replacing one-row
tools, or tractor outfits are taking the
place of horse-drawn equipment, as Is
the case on many farms, operators find
that they cannot secure greatest efll-
ciency from their new equipment if
flelds are smaller and more Irregular
than Is necessary.
J. F. Dowler, rural economist at the
Ohio State university states that
larger fields are better adapted to
modern farm macl and make
possible savings n labor and other
operating costs. A three-year study
on 23 farms shows that a ten-hour day
is required to plow 1.7 acres with a
inery,
acres. In the same time two acres
may be plowed in flelds of between
six and twelve and 2.2 acres in
‘fields of more than 12 acres.
acres,
Lime Phosphate Valuable
When manure is available and can
be systematically used, it Is an exes
lent plan to mix lime phosphate with
it. Manure being made largely
hay, straw and stalks, it
of fertilizer for the production of hay,
straw and stalks, but is unbalanced in
food elements for the production of
grains, as there is too wide a ratio be
tween nitrogen and phosphorus. The
continuous use of manure tends furth-
er to widen the ratio between phos.
phorus and nitrogen, and the tendency
is to Increase the growth of stalk and
straw without a proper amount of
grain formation. The addition of lime
phosphate to manure tends to over
come this condition and with other
factors favorable it will materially In-
crease the proportion of grain to straw
or stalk without largely increasing the
total growth of the stalk and straw, —
Exchange.
Heavy Cholera Losses
Hog cholera has destroyed more
hogs in the United States than all
other diseases combined, according to
the United States Department of Agri-
culture. It is explained in a new De
partment of Agriculture bulletin, 834-
F, that the disease may be prevented
by Immunization, sanitation, proper
feeding and shelter. Hog cholera Is
fornd in all states in the country, but
is most prevalent In the Middle West
snd South, according to the bulletin
The disease is usually the most seri
ous during the months of October and
November.
Farm Forestry Pays
One-third of all farms in the Unit-
ed States yield gs much as $220 worth
of timber per year, the Department
of Agriculture says. An exhibit from
the forest service shows that the an.
000,000, Timber not only pays In dol.
lars and cents, but it is like a bank
account upon which the owner ean
draw In times of stress. Its ‘uses
range from farm buildings, telephone
pol repairs, and fuel on the farm,
to Ww logs, cross-ties, pulpwood,
posts and poles,
Mineral Mixture for Swine
The fisual rations fed to hogs In
the winter months are short of min.
eral elements. Good hog feeders real
fze this and Include some mineral
mixture In thelr feeding schedule. The
following is recommended by Profes
sor Coffey of Ohlo university: Forty
per cent of ground limestone, 40 per
cent of bone meal and 20 per cent of
common salt, When fed with the
grain ration this mineral mixture
‘ean be put In a self feeder where the
hogs have access to it at all times
Proper Fences Mean
Much to the Farm
Owner Who Neglects Them
Is Called Unwise,
Good fences are an nsset to the
farm. There Is satisfaction In know-
ing that live stock is going to stay
where It Is put, and that strays will
be kept out, This assurance means
money in the pocket, as well as avold-
ing the nuisance of chasing after ani-
mals that are out of place. A well
fenced farm also offers added Induce-
ment if sale Is desired. There ig noth-
ing more discouraging to a prospective
buyer than ramshackle fences. Even
though the land may be good, he Im-
mediately sees a lot of troublesome
and expensive work In getting It
fenced. Formerly our chestnut woods
supplied plenty of durable material for
rails and posts. But the chestnut is
gone, and the labor to get it out too
expensive anyway. In place of the
rall fence we now find Increasing use
of woven wire and steel posts, quickly
put up, holding the stock and doing
away with the old fence harbor for
weeds and bushes. Defects in the
wire making of a score or more years
ago have been overcome, so that pres-
ent-day wire fence is lasting.—Rural
New-Yorker.
Unthriftiness in Pigs
Each year we get
concerning the cure for lameness,
soreness, unthriftiness in fall
Right away we suspect these plgs
having rickets
as
this condition than about its cure.
The of rickets Is
feeding by which we mean not enough
cause
the ration—too much
middlings, and such like
and alfalfa
A pig
mins In
barley, oats,
and not enough skimmilk
or clover hay or their meals
will stand an improperly
effects,
inating function goes
should,
thus far thro
on cereal
now have some leafy
hay.—Exchange.
Pigs that have
igh the
grains should,
alf
by all
Faull
aii
means,
Windmills Compared
In struction and
amount of work it will
windmill of today
its early ancestor. That
one of the fundamental fac
con
perform,
to
probably
tors which a
Het of modern equipment.
Many of the
the ¢
Hows it
general
late years and we find this machine
capable of filling power needs where
it was heretofore Incapable,
windmilis do not have to be oiled as
They run
smoother,
er to
farnisl
the pumps or other machires
MN A smoot
more wind to
machines, and
a great deal
operate the old type
they were consequently Incapable of
operating In many places where we
have machines operating successfully
today.
Cause of Black Heart
It took
piling potatoes too deep or putting
them In bing where there has been no
circulation of alr and maintaining too
high a temperature In the storage
place. Where potatoes are kept at
temperatures below 45 degrees Fah.
renheit they can be piled as deep as
6 feet without danger of Injury but
where the temperature is likely to be
50 degrees or above, as Is the case
in some cellars, it is not safe to pile
them more than 3 feet deep If they
are to be kept longer than three or
four weeks,
Agricultural Hints
An advertisement in your newspaper
is a short cut from your farm to the
consumer,
. 9 »
Kansas growers produced 40 pounds
of apples this year for every person
in Kansas,
* 2»
Grease Is better than oll for pro-
tecting plowshares from rust when
they are stored for the winter,
.e * 0»
No evidence of the destructive al-
falfa weevil Is found on the eastern
slope of the Colorado Rockies, reports
J. H. Newton, deputy state entomolo-
gist with the Colorado Agricultural
college,
* * 9
Either four or five horses hitched
tandem on 12 or 14-inch botliom gang
plow, driven by one man, will turn
more land than two walking plows,
according to agricultural engineers at
the Ohlo State aniversity.
. * »
Lk One way to help reduce farm costs
is to produce as much of the family
living on the farm as possible,
. 4 »
Legumes are good for the farm, and
thus good for the farmer, Every crop
rotation should include one of the
clovers.
*. "8
Feeds fairly high In fiber do not
give satisfactory results for fattening
pigs unless combined with other feeds
Jow enough In fiber to bring fiber
content of the mixture to less than 58
per cent.
ORDER RETURNS TO
ITS ANCIENT HOME
Knights Hospitallers Back
.
in Jerusalem.
Rising like a stalwart sentinel from
one of the hills of the Holy City
stands a structure which turns back
the flight of time more than 800
years,
It is the shelter which houses the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem,
founded about the year 1000 for the
protection of pligrims coming to
the Holy land to visit the holy
sepulehre, Driven from the city by
the Saracens in 1187, they have re-
turned after eight centuries of per.
gecution and vicissitudes, and are
once again carrying on here the
service for which they were organ-
ized,
For the Knights Hospitallers, as
they were then called, built in the
Eleventh century an establishment
known as the hospital of St. John,
which besides being a shelter for
pligrims, provided accommodations
for lodging and caring for the un.
fortunate and infirm,
Having as their motto, “Pro Fide,
pro Utilitate Hominum,"” the Order
of St. John of Jerusalem was one of
the first of the various orders of
chivalry and was in character part.
ly religious and partly military.
When in 1187, the un-
der Saladin, conquered Jerusalem,
the knights were turned out and fled
to Acre which later, after IRich-
ard Coeur de Lion had conquered it,
became known as St. Jean d'Acre,
Here the knights established them-
selves and the eity beca most
important stronghold of Christia
in the East,
The knights remained
years until they ag
conflict with the
after heavy
turned out. This time they
Cyprus, where the king
them to found a convent and
pital—the chlef house of the order
in Cyprus and the castle of Kolossl
which exists to this day
Seeking a permanent home
Saracens,
me the
ite
nity
for
ean
100
ain 1e
and
were
fled to
SAracens,
suffering losses,
i
knights In 1810, the grand prior of
the order succeeded In expelling the
Saracens from the island of Rhodes,
which then became their home, They
remained in power until 1522, when
Suleiman the Magnificent determined
to oust the knights from thelr island,
as they were a formidable obstacle
to his scheme of conquering the
West. There followed a period of
seven years homeless wandering
along the Mediterranean littoral, un-
til in 1530 the Spanish emperor,
Charles V, decreed that they might
settle In Malta, Here they built the
city of Valetta which became a city
of knights,
A branch of the Knights Hospi-
tallers had existed In England from
the Eleventh century, having as thelr
headquarters a priory in Clerken-
well, London. From all available
accounts, this priory must have been
a fine example of Thirteenth cen-
tury architecture, but unfortunately
the only remains of the original
bullding today are to be seen In the
crypt of the church of St. John In
Clerkenwell,
When Henry VIII dissolved
liglous orders, the knig
disbanded,
them, but
all re-
hts were again
only
sister Eliz
dissolved.
Nothing further Is heard of the
knights in England until 1878. when
Queen Victoria « ed the
by a fresh
in reinstat
order
charter
them
“You say
*Yes, |
paying
ng
Farmer,
his
Mrs, Wife—I'm
is a bit burned tonight,
Mr. Husband—Oh, s«
fire at the «
hut
y
aear,
SOITY,
)
“
itessen?
It is
the more
what one
which ti
in:
were is
Neglecting
gE It.
hard to tell
tloliokt
gelgng
ought to do or doin
Even a baby learns that
“cute” it »
when as a year old it
wo,
Stainless “Rub In" and inhalant unsurpassed
in preventing and relievirmg cold congestions
auAUITY McKESSON ROBBINS 3010 A7 Al
SINCE 1833 DRUG STORES
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