eS
2
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
N MAY of last year the announce
ment was made that the United
States army had added another bril-
liant achievement to the record
which makes valid the boast that
“the army does other things besides
fight" A new record in long dis
tance aerial photography had been
set by the air corps of the army when Capt. A.
W. Stevens, photographic expert, succeeded in
taking a picture covering a distance of 270
miles in a single exposure, In 1020 Captain
Stevens had set a long distance photographie
record when hig camera registered objects 227
miles away from the camera eye but his 1930
flight in a plane piloted by Lient. John D.
Corkille over Crater lake In Oregon added more
than 50 m'les to that record
Upon his return from this flight, Captain
Stevens declared “While I am very well satis.
fied with the results obtained on this particular
mission, I am inclined to believe that it will
only be a matter of time before we will de
velop a camera that will record even greater
distances. jefore we can use it, however, we
must have a photographic plane that will take
us considerably higher than 20000 feet because
from that altitude even an object as tall as
Mount Rainier will sink below the horizon at
300 miles,
“Shooting at Mount Rainier from a distance
greater than that between New York city and
Washington is much like shooting at the moon,
with the difference that you can see the moon.
The principal task is to aim the camera in the
general direction you believe your objective to
be, snap the trigger and hope for luck.” What
“luck” the army captain had on this expedition
was revealed by the remarkable photograph
which is shown above,
Another achievement in this new scientific
marvel of aerial photography, which was not
so much a matter of luck, was demonstrated
during the army air maneuvers over New York
city during May of this year, the results of
which are shown in the photographs num-
bered three and four above. As explained in
the captions, these pictures were taken by ex-
ploding & bomb containing enough magnesiom
powder to make a 3000000000 candlepower
flash and snapping the shutter at the height of
fllumination,
It would seem to be an easy matter to drop
a flashlight bomb and at the moment of the ex-
plosion to take the photograph. Since, however,
there is a definite relationship between the alti
tude of the airplane and the height at which
the bomb explodes, it is not so simple. Night
photographs can be taken only at comparatively
low altitudes, Measurements of the photographs
taken over New York showed the airplane to
have been flying at only 1.500 feet, although
night photographs could be taken effectively up
to around 3.000 feet, The lens eannot be left
open until the bomb explodes because lights
from the ground would blur the plates or film.
The only thing the air camera man has to do
at night is to release the bomb; the rest of the
details are taken care of automatically, The
bomb, containing twenty-five pounds of magne.
glum powder, is checked in its fall by a small
parachute and a time fuse sets the interval
from the release to the explosion, As the bomb
bursts the camera's shutter is aatomatically
tripped by an ingenious mechanical device,
Before the World war the science of aerial
photography, except for a few cases, most of
which were unsuccessful, was virtually un.
known. It took on added Importance early in
the war and developed rapidly as the airplane
became such an important factor in waging
successful battles. But it has been since the
war that its most rapid development has taken
place and that development in this country has
1. Two hundred and seventy miles of wide
open spaces! A photograph of Mount Rainier
taken from over Crater lake, a distance of 270
miles, by Capt. Albert W., Stevens from an
army air corps plane piloted by Lieut, John D.
Corkille. To get the “shot,” the two army air
men flew at 20,000 feet for nearly five hours in
a temperature of 20 degrees below zero and
came down only when their supply of liquid
oxygen was exhausted. Some of the mountains
shown in the picture are: 1. Mount Rainier,
270 miles; 2. Mount Hood, 200 miles; 3. Mount
Jefferson, 175 miles; 4. Three Sisters, 125
miles: 5. Diamond Peak, 50 miles; Crescent
Lake, 45 miles.
2. Captain Stevens and Lieutenant Corkille
of the United States army air corps with the
large aerial camera used in taking high altitude
photographs. This camera uses a 30.inch focal
length lens of special construction.
3. This night photograph of lower Manhat.
tan, New York city, was taken by Captain
Stevens from an airplane piloted by Lieutenant
Corkille at an altitude of about 1500 feet. A
bomb containing sufficient flashlight powder
for a three billion candlepower flash was
dropped from the plane and the picture taken
with a specially constructed camera equipped
with an automatic device for exposing the film
at the height of illumination.
4. A night photograph of the Statue of Lib.
erty and Fort Wood on Bedloe’s island in New
York harbor taken in the same manner as de.
scribed in No. 4,
All photographs, courtesy United States Army
Air corps,
a -
been carried forward mainly by the United
States army,
Although the army Is chiefly interested In
map-making and intelligence photography, each
of which requires a different technique, it has
many times sent its camera men and planes to
co-operate with other government agencies
The army has indirectly aided commercial
aerial photography by developing the best in
technique and in precision of the instruments
In addition to military work, aerial surveys are
used for a large variety of operations. Few
public utility companies would consider putting
down a new power line without first having an
aerial survey made. Aerial photography is
also in demand for forestry services, geological
surveys, harbor developments, highway and
traffic surveys, and all manner of city uses, from
planning and zoning to tax equalization,
The cameras and equipment used for civil
aerial surveving and for the production of
aerial photographs as [llustrotions have been
improved but little during the last ten years,
because the ordinary alr camera, operated at
relatively low altitudes, meets all usual require
ments at a small cost. This is not the case with
military photography, and so it is in this branch
that the latest developments are found
Perhaps the most interesting development lies
in the use of long-range or high-altitude cam.
eras, the same technique being used also for
In high
tude work the camera must have a long focal
length (the distance from the nodal point
where the light rays cross, between the two
lower altitude work through fog alti
lenses—to the surface of the plate or film)
With a short focal length it would be possible
for the camera to “take the whole world” but
the detail would be too small, A camera with
fn long focal length, on the other hand, while
it will not take more than about thirty-three
square miles from an altitude of approximately
33.000 feet, gives such clearness of detall that
the negontives may be readily enlarged to ten
diameters,
If the camera is tilted an oblique photograph
is taken—that is, a photograph which is
progressively distorted as the objects taken are
distant from the lens Tremendous distances
have been covered in this way and objects have
been taken which were not visible to the naked
eye, because aloft there Is almost always, even
on a clear day, a certain amount of ground haze,
Several refinements are necessary, however,
before these photographs may be taken. The
camera must be fitted with a special film sensi-
tive only to infra-red rays below the visible
spectrum-that is, the long wave lengths which
go through fog easily. This condition is met hy
taking ordinary gelatine filin and immersing it
in a solution of Kryptocyanine,
The next requisite is a special type of fiter
#0 dense as to have the opaqueness of rubber
All lenses have to & greater or less extent the
property of a prism; that is, they break up the
white light into spectra. It Is necessary ander
given conditions to use a filter to eliminate the
active colors{ such as violets, blues and greens)
and restore the light to white, By increasing
the opaqueness of the filter more of the visible
spectrutn is eliminated, and it is possible to
eliminate it altogether. This Is what has been
done in the cast of the long-range camera
Through its fliter only the infra-red rays are
admitted, and as ground haze or smoke is no
obstacle (o them, objects are recorded on the
film which are invisible to the naked eye. In
this way Captain Stevens was able to photo
graph Mount Rainier from the record distance
of 270 miles, the peak jutting ap above the
horizon, though it was miles beyond It
In the taking of photographs for map-making
a special technique has had to be developed,
equally applicable to military and commercial
purposes. It is not enough to sight the camera
and trip it; all sorts of things have to be de.
termined before the photograph can be taken.
Because only the center of each photograph can
be considered anything like optically perfect, a
large number of overlapping exposures have to
be made,
(by Western Newspaper Union.)
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BY YLT,
several sum
mers being mostly a8 matter of one
printed chiffon frock after another, the
'
W hal with the program of party
frocks for ti last
Idea of printed or embroidered cotton
nel suze i5 R&R most
version,
Ing new quality}
8r° NOW BO SO in fashion for eve
ning wes is hey can be safy
and Succes:
of :
Then, too, these
i ninglr, at the
enough body In them to stay crisp and
{fresh looking on the warmest evening
'
!
Very newest printed pets carry the
message that dots have appeared on
pings. For the slender woman the
dress pictured is ideal. It Is a very
“soung” frock for slim and svelte
south, and later providing you're the
type.
A particularily summery and actual.
3
collar whi reminds us that shoul
iers are generally covered this sum
f only with » wisp of a scarf, or
HATS OF ALL SIZES
There is nothing monotonous zbout
summer Kizes
There
gh
being used for new versions of the
beret, and to make crowns for some
of the brimmed hats The familiar
panama, baky, milan, leghorn and
other well knowns are making all mar.
ner of brimmed hats Stitching is
used to give body to cotton and linen
hats and to decorate brimmed sports
hats of jersey and felt.
Among the small hats Agnes’ French
colonial creations and Suzanne Tal
bot's derby-brimmed hats are of par
ticular interest. Agnes has taken the
varions headgears and hair dresses of
the Moroceans, the Algerians, the
Cambodians and translated them in a
collection of peaked and wrapped and
draped turbans and berets that are
enormously smart, Furthermore, she
has taken over the brilliant and exotic
colorings that distinguish the original
models,
Mesh Stockings Regarded
Comfortable for Sports
Do you lille lisle for sports stock:
ings? Many women do, because it
looks less dressed up and formal. Deo
sou like mesh for sports stockings?
Its open work seems ext most com
comfortable to bare legs Lisle and
mesh congpire, therefong, to make
comfortable, good looking stockings
to go with sports costumes. And lisle
mesh socks are a joy’for tennis,
Socks continae to be worn for ac
tive sports, but usurily over stock
ings. Bate legs may be worn for com.
fort, but only in private and informal
places,
With the white clothes and the
bright colors you will be wearing this
summer you will find that a light clear
beige is mo#t becoming. This is the
shade that tenes best with your out
door-darkened skin,
Women at Palm Beach adopted this
shade almost oniversally in the day
time. In the eveniny they ware paler
tones—nude and peach,
white and off-white
tLe evening.
ANA ANA
Y
ES GE ES iN NES
tune in every
rose motifs to
lowerelli es,
You may have
whether to buy
dered net for
gariden-party frock
you 1 play
thought in thi
through perfected processes these
quality d
ics Ones
grened nets no matter how del.
and tints mas
how
being
not
pois
oughly practical
0. 15231. Western }
Stunning Dinner Gown
This is a Lanvin replica of a dinner
gown in black, The braided peplum
is unique, as are the long satin ghoni-
lets with jeweled bracelets,
ra
Three Colors for Scarf;
Worn With White Sports
There are all sorts of attractive
scarfs, many of them made of red
white and blue
clothes accessories in thore colors, any-
way, They are worn with white sports
clothes,
There are, for instance, scarfs made
in triangles of the three colors, oddly
chunked together, There are scarfs of
the three colors in wide stripes, others
with the center portion of the scarf
white, the ends striped red and blue.
These scarfs, siriped and triangles,
are made of the finest wool crocheted
in a loose, lacy stitch,
Other scarfs are made of the three