JRESIDENT
ver has notified
the members of the
rabinet that they
must introduce econ-
omies in their de
partments wherever
possible. The civilian
personne! is to be re
duced and the over
head expenses cut
drastically, The mes-
sage went out after
Sec. Hurley (je President had
conferred with Secretary of War Hur
ley and Secretary of the Navy Adams,
and it is evident he expects many of
the economies to be made effective
in those departments,
Surveys have heen recently
indicating how savings could be made
by the sale of old Indian posts, navy
shore stations, coast artillery fortifi-
cations, and yards and other shore
properties of the navy that are no
longer needed for purposes of natlon-
al defense. Secretary Hurley said the
other day that the administration de-
gired to remove army posts from the
“pork barrel” 1ssification, and {it
seems that among those considered
superfluous are Fort Lincoln, North
Dakota; Fort Meade, South Dakota;
Fort Missoula, Montana; Fort Eustis,
Virginia, and various posts along the
Mexican border. i
HOO-
made
Some alr flying fleids
also may be abandoned. How far the
expenses of the military establish-
nents can be cut {8 problematical.
The last annual supply bill for the
War department carried about $445.
000,000, of which approximately £111,-
000,000 was to be devoted to nonmill-
tary The latter figure in-
cluded $60,000,000 for rivers and har-
bors and $35,000,000 for Mississippi
floor control,
As for the navy, it is known tat
civilian labor department
$70,000,000 last year, Some official in-
vestigators have estimated Navy
department personnel at Washingion
could be cut as much as 40 per cent
without impairing efliciency.
Congressmen in whose states are lo-
cated the obsolete army
surplus shore stations probably
fight against their abandonment, that
being their habit in matters of this
sort, but if economies are applied
throughout all executive depart-
ments their political wrath may be
unavailing.
activities,
cost that
the
posts and
will
the
RED C.
of the
mittee for
CROXTON, vice chairman
President's emergeney com.
unemployment, stated that
during the week ending May 9 con-
tracts were awarded for public and
gemi-publie amounting to RIT:
004.799. This brought the total since
1030, to nearly a billion
work
December 1,
and a half.
[FOREIGN MINIS
ter Aristide Bri
and was persuaded by
his friends to be a |
candidate for the
presidency of the
French republic and
then those
friends let him down,
The result was that
he failed of election
on the first ballot
and, astounded and
broken hearted, he M. Briand
withdrew from the contest. Paul Dou-
mer, venerable president of the sen-
ate, was elected. This action by the
French parliament was of importance
not only to “rance but to Europe and
all the world. It means that for the
present at least Briand's policy of
peace and conciliation is discarded
and the nationalists are in the sad-
dle, It is possible Briand will con-
tinue to represent his government in
the debates of the League of Nations
at Geneva, but if he does he will be
subject to daily orders from Paris.
More likely it Is that he will soon
retire to Cocherel, his home. He has
been in poor lealth for many months
and it is feared this defeat will break
him down badly. Andre Tardieu and
Edouard Herriot, leaders of the left,
are held mainly responsible for the
rejection of Briand,
some of
NTI-CLERICALS of Spain, egged
on by communists and very pos-
gibly by monarchist plotters, staged
violent riots in Madrid and other
cities for several days, and the gov-
ernment was forced to proclaim mar
tial law. The mobs directed their at-
tacks against Catholic churches and
other religious edifices and burned
many of them. Monks and nuns were
beaten and driven through the streets,
and in some cases the troops that were
called out refused to move against
the rioters, telling their officers they
would not fire on the people,
Angel Galarza, the republic's prose
cutor, declared the riots were the re
sult of a carefully laid monarchist
plot and that there would be a mons
ter trinl of captured royalists in
which former King Alfonso will be
Judged, In his absence, for complicity.
The Vatican state department Instruct-
ed Papal Nuncio Tedeschini at Ma.
drid to. demand from the govern.
ment an explicit apology for the at.
tacks on churches, monasteries and
convents, The Vatican protest, while
not blaming these attacks on the Re-
publican government, asserted that
violence against religious orders does
not represent a general political tend-
ency, but is the result of the anti.-re-
liglous odium of a small minority of
Spain,
RAJADHIPOK, king of Siam, un-
derwent a successful operation for
the removal of a cataract from his
left eye, and is recovering nicely at
Ophir hall, the Whitelaw Reld man-
sion in Westchester county, New York.
He was an excellent patient and, be-
ing under only anesthesia, he
knew what was going on and co-op
erated in every way with Drs. J. M.
Wheeler and T. N. Johnson, who per-
formed the operation. When the
cataract had been extracted his ma}
esty sald: “I see the light,”
local
IFTY rallway ex-
ecutives have
united in asking an
increase of freight
rates that would bring
£450,000, 060) more rev.
enue to their roads,
but it will not
granted without a
fightt Duncan U.
Fletcher, senator
from Florida and
ranking Democrat on
the senate commerce
voiced the opposition to
the plan. He called for lower rates
rather than higher carrying
and sald one reason why trucks were
moving so much freight today was be
ause of “high rall rates.”
“I cannot see how the raliroads can
expect to Increase their revenues by
Increasing rates” he said, “Some ten
years ago an increase of 40 per cent
was allowed the raliroads and this
brought the rates up to the highest
point ever reached. They have been
revised downward by the
commerce commission In 5,000 out of
6,000 cases brought,
“Today the railroads complain of a
loss of business and lay a good deal
of that to competition by trucks and
to some extent airplanes, Undoubted
ly they would increase their revenues
by raising rates provided
could carry the same amount o
wage, but it is perfectly obvion
one reason why trucks are moving
much freight Is because of
rail rates. Consequently If these rates
were increased there wot
he
- EE —————
Sen. Fletcher
committee,
charges
interstate
the
the
iid be an in-
evitable decrease in tor
Freight rates on
western points
attacked by the
of that city In
terstate commerce
a reduction.
chai
NE of the world's greatest sci
entists, Prof. Albert A. Michel
son, formerly of University of
Chicago, away In Pasadena,
Calif, after a long lliness and was
Iald at rest In Altadena. He was the
recipient of all the honors the world
of science could bestow, not the least
of which was the Nobel prize for his
achievement In measuring the speed
of light, and It has been sald that his
discoveries and inventions added bil-
lions to the wealth of the world: but
withal he was exceedingly modest and
unassuming and always declared he
carried on his great works in physica
because they amused and interested
him. Doctor Michelson was a native
of Poland but was brought to the
United States when a babe and was
educated In San Francisco and the
naval academy at Annapolis Two
years after his graduation he went
back to the academy as an Instructor,
and it was then he began the experi-
ments and investigations that con-
tinued throughout his long life.
Another eminent man, sugene
Ysaye, master of the violin, died In
Brussels, Belgium, at the age of sev-
enty-two. He is survived by his Amer.
ican wife, the daughter of Dr. Herman
Dincin of Brooklyn, N. XY, whom he
married in 1927.
Walter A. Strong, publisher of the
Chicago Daily News and one of the
most forceful figures In American jour.
nalism, died suddenly of heart dis-
ease, He was only forty-seven years
old. He became publisher and prin-
cipal owner of the News in 1025, after
the death of Victor Lawson,
the
passed
ECRETARY oF
State Henry L.
Stimson, In an ad
dress on United States
foreign relations and
ecpecially American
policy toward Latin
America, served no-
tice that our army
and navy will not be
used to collect debts
from foreign nations,
At the same time, he
made It clear, the Sec. Stimson
present administration would give to
Americans who have Investments
abroad ail the protection, counsel and
assistance to which they are entitled
under international law,
Defending the Hoover policies In
Nicaragua, which have been attacked,
Mr. Stimson declared the administra
tion was not departing from American
traditions, adding that “the United
States would continue to be zealous in
its concern for the lives of (ts na-
tionals wherever they may be found,”
He characterized the current policy
toward Latin-America as one of re.
moving sore spots which have injured
good will and American trade,
Mr, Stimson expressed confidence
that the Anglo-French negotiations
would eventually be successfully con.
cluded, expressing the opinion that a
great stimulas had been given the
prospects for success of the league
conference cn general disarmament to
be held next February.
Cultivation of good wili between na-
tions was described by him as “the
great business of diplomacy.”
“Honest people In one nation find it
notoriously difficult to understand the
viewpoint of honest people in anoth-
er,” he sald, “State departments and
thelr ministers exist for the purpose
of translaiing * e viewpoints of one
nation into the terms understood by
another. Some of our most hinportant
work and efforts at the present time
lies In this direction.”
SPEAKING before
“J the Manchester
chamber of commerce,
the prince of Wales
harshly admonished
iritish business men
for their fallures In
getting and
foreign, trade.
only wdy which Great
Britain can gain a
inrger share of
South American mar
ket, he declared, wns
by imitating North
and advertising
The prince fs delivering a
gon-
ditions he found prevalent In South
America during his recent tour.
Not only Wales scor
business methods, but niso dipped
into politics In a way that caused a
sensation. His advocacy of “manufac
within tariff walls™ cuts square
issue
Prince of
Wales
American business
methods,
series of speeches dealing with
¢ RBritish
he
urine
uring
iy ncross the hottest
of the moment in Britain—tarifl vers
us free trade—and was an unexpected
blow to the free trade labor govern.
ment.
political
RESIDENT HOOVER
ed George Hastings of New
has appoint.
York
ns & member of the White House sec
staff to French
Mr. Hastings is given t}
t}
executive clerk
retarial succeed
Strother,
title of
die the President's outsid
and will
interests, including
the conference
protection. He will
une 1 after 15
social welfare work
fare
« (eh
Wits
and
duties about
aL
years of
York,
HERE
nation in
land. And
surprise a the
lecent J tizens of
Chicago. Al Capone,
t
i8 conster
Rang
pleased
We gang-
. hither.
upon as ale
iconquerable,
nd is
doomed to
iat-
has been defiled
seemingly
fail in one of hi
efforts to a«
Al Capone
ost
stores, is th dyvel
indus
been a
has
his monetary
ind cleaning
wv hich has
racketeers, that
ig hacked up
agencies of the
and in its bold sta
by the enforcin
city acd state,
law
thought the time was
ripe for him to take charge of the
industry, and through agents he in
formed the Cleaners and Dyers inst
tute that he would do so for 75 per
cent of its annual receipts in member
ship dues, which would be about $100.
000. For this he promised
“Scarface”
to bring Into line any recalcitrant
members, A committee from the in.
stitute met Capone in his hotel head
guarters in Chicago and he repeated
his offer, reducing his demands to
per cent but declaring if his offer were
not accepted he would take over the
ever, happens to have as its chair
would be tolerated,
torney Swanson promised to support
him to the limit In this stand.
Capone's efforts to take over the
cleaning and dyeing industry were re-
garded by Assistant State's Attorney
Charles J. Mueller, in charge of
racketeer prosecutions, as sn indica.
tion of the reverses suffered by the
gang in recent months,
“There is no question that Capone's
mob has been hard hit, and that he
needs money,” said Prosecutor Muel
ler. “His gambling racket has felt
the force of raids by the police and
the state's attorney's office, In con-
nection with the special grand jury,
and some of his biggest breweries
have been raided by the federal
agents, The prosecution of the big
shots In the gang by the federal gov.
ernment, and the high bonds required,
have no doubt caused Capone to look
around for new ways of raising
money.”
RANCE'S amateur boxing cham
pions, eight in number, who came
over to meet the team of American
champions from Chicago and New
York In the former city, were de
feated but made a good showing. They
lost five of the bouts and won three
The tournament was a feature of Ci
eago's fortnight of “Jubilee.”
(8. 1921, Western Newspaper Union.)
§
7
By EDITHA L. WATSON
HE little town of Ignaclo,
on the Ute reservation in
southern Colorado, is astir,
It is May 24, the anniver-
sary of the burial of Ou
ray, Beneath a simple
cement headstone, made
by the of the In-
dians themselves, lies their
last great chief, Ever since
his body was removed to
this grave in 1025, Utes from
sands in Colorado and Utah hs
red yearly to honor him with m
rites,
It is hard to tell
custom patterned after the white nn
Memorial day or not, It
ouly six days later,
these I pay
dead. There will be
speeches, and flowers
hands
all
ive gt
41
whether this
is tm
1 og
ines
Nam
jock the resting places of
and salior depn
cemeteries
3
rted, while elsewhere
in the wreaths and bou-
11 symbolize our tender recol
and close friends
There are few o«
intry which have no sort
On this day, from const to o«
ican people give
thought to those who have entered upor
Great dventure., But
ghosts of } "n folk who
here before
they understand what
for once, long ago
ie held their
It was not
pgoross all
us look back
too,
date
times It was twice
Many Years ens
got
the
But nor
ne
apart for the
tribes whiel
times very
their bel
The Pueblos call
have
next we
but
Above and may Intercede
ing. They come back,
luminous robes and with the trumpets
and slates of seance-spirits, but in the
certain living
who, when they have donned the gro-
tesque masks of their ancertor-worship
rites, acquire something of
the power of those whom they are
representing, They come back, also,
in the quiet hours when their children
are immersed In thought, and give
advice and counsel,
It is only fitting, then, that the Hopi
ved dead
them
gone-before” To their
wid is very much like th
T
the departed are closer to Those
for the liv.
aiso, not in the
tribesmen
seem to
when their representations walk
is a queer sort of Memorial day, true,
but it is conducted with real reverence
love, and who can ask more?
What a beautiful faith this is, which
symbolic “family reunions” in
token of that faith,
Even with this belief, however, It
is impossible for loving hearts not
the loss of dear ones,
Thus we hear Hopl walling on the
anniversary of a death, and if there
has been an epldemic which took a
number of the tribe, an official anni-
versary is fixed, and observed with
sorrow year after year,
So, too, the New Fire ceremony sees
the Zuni matron, dressed as if to meet
beloved friends, weeping softly to her.
self as she casts food into the fire
on her hearth, This food is for the
ancestors and for those who died in
the past year, but If we could see into
her heart we would surely find some
beloved one enshrined there, of whom
she thinks especially as she makes her
offering,
The first anniversary of a death was
the one most widely observed, Then
the widow could put off her mourning,
and the bereared family could take up
every-day life again, The official time
of sorrow was passed at the end of
this year. But who, be he Indian or
white, ean say to the mourner, “Do
not weep longer; do not grieve fur
ther”? The sorrow of death makes a
lasting impression on the heart, which
cannot be erased at the end of a year,
Anniversaries come as naturally as
the seasons themselves, Fall comes,
and those who are left behind remem.
ber that at the Green Corn feasts their
loved ones were merry, Thus, the
Tunica guardians of the cemeteries
» i who had and
Ht
to offer
reminded those corn
beans that the time had come
1 the people gathered
§ of their harvest and placed them
* ETAYER
the Indians belie
is 80 much like this
departed spirit
ost imports
It is by these
honor the
BWay
ofess to
win
wipe
themselves as
the flesh,
joying
me In
Here we find sgain
keness of thought b
Indian,
, Pia
he prayers and speeches
y4 '
recs the dead to us
r ail Ih eng 1 i
us, we wo
at the Idea that thes
the fi
appreciation their euld
the Illiniwak found I )
this thought, as if some dearly-loved
ones had returned from a journey to
q
be among them, and the fact that they
us, admiring
with
only leasure |
y
were invisible did not make them fear.
some or less welcome to t
their honor,
Indian burial mounds were not for.
gotten by their tribesmen, even though
they moved far from the place where
their people were interred. No less a
person than Thomas Jefferson, speak-
ing of a mound near Monticello, re
lated that "a party passing, about
thirty years ago, ‘through the part of
the country where this barrow ig went
through the woods directly to it, with.
out any instructions or inquiry, and
having staid about it some time. with
expressions which were construed to
be those of sorrow, they returned to
the high road.”
The Oneida often visited a mound
near Richfield Springs, N. Y., saying
that it was the burial place of one
of their chief men. The old chron.
iclers omitted to state whether these
visits were performd with any me
morial ceremonies, but judging from
what we have learned of other tribes
we believe that there must have been
something of the soit,
A strange Sioux memorial custom
was that of “keeping the ghost” A
lock of hair from the head of the de.
ceased person was made into a roll
with cloth and various articles of
value, This was kept for a year or
so, and other presents collected, when
the friends of the dead person assem.
bled to hold ceremonies. At this time
the gifts, together with small pieces
of the lock of hair, were distributed,
This ceremony was sometimes re
peated,
Another memorial observance which
corresponds slightly to our custom of
erecting headstones over the dead,
was that described by Adair as fol
lows: “To perpetuate the memory of
any remarkable warriors Killed in the
woods, I must here observe that every
Indian traveler as he passes that way
throws a stone on the place, , . .
In the woods we often see innumerable
heaps of small stones in those places,
where, according to tradition, some of
their disgruntled people were either
killed or buried” Each heap is In.
creased, he goes on to say, as a last.
ing monument in their honor,
No discussion of Indian memorial
observances would be complete with.
out & description of the strange cus
he feast in
toms of the Assinil
some other tribes
decensed were
Ee: perhaj ™
these with care
the cemeters
Catlin
among
us that
a bunch of wild
newed ag ofte
1
tell
is scarcely an
but more or |}
be seen siti
skull of their child or hu i talk
ing to it in the most pleasant and en-
dearing language that they
{ag they were wont to
and seemingly getting
swer back”
This custom may seem a revolting
one to us, but to the Indians it was a
natural and common observance. In
deed, to the white men who knew
these people well, thelr strange ideas
grew less fantastic, and Catlin re
marked, as he noted the Mandan wom.
en “visiting™ with the skulls of their
loved ones, “There is something ex-
ceedingly interesting and impressive
in these scenes.” Indeed, they recall
to us the famous vault under the
Capuchin convent, where the bones
of monks who have died are used to
make patterns on the walls, and the
skulls stand in rows. Travelers have
remarked that the monks who showed
them these strange designs appeared
to know many of the skulls, and could
relate their names and something of
their histories. It was noteworthy,
algo, that they had no horror of the
grim vault, but looked forward serene.
Iy to their own time of departing.
when their skulls also would help to
decorate the walls, and some later
brother of the order would name them
and tell their stories
So It Is with the Indians. Not alr
of them, of course, regarded death
without dread, but surely those of
whom we have been reading did not
recoil at the unavoidable step. True
to their beliefs, they went out brave
ly. The “Happy ‘Hunting Grounds” of
the Plains people beckoned: the Un.
derwoerld of the Pueblos waited for
their return. And they believed with
firm conviction that they would know
about the memorial ceremonies, and
be able to share, with the beloved liv.
ing, in the rites,
Whether we agree with them or not,
it was a pleasant sort of faith. And
although our own beliefs have gone in
a far different direction from theirs,
sometimes, still we unite once a year
to recall the virtues and to honor the
memories of Those-who-have-gone be
fore,
» Women
hy
may
the
can
former
an an-
use
do in
dass)
(® by Western Newspaper Union.)
®