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incolns —A |
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By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
HERE is many a paradox
in American history, but
pone is more curious
than this: In the
of 1861 to 1863, when the
North
against
Southerner was the
mander in chief of
Northern forces.
Abraham Lincoln was a a
a Southern state, Kentucky.
than that, his wife was a Southerner,
and that fact 1
was
the South,
native
not oniy
profoundly Influenced his career but it
shaped American history as
“wt in
and one of the most
this: If Ab
married Mary
ington, Ky. it is
would never have heen
the United and 3
called upon to lead the armed strength
of the nation a his own
ple. When the Republican party in
1860 was considering candi
undoubtedly
well.
American his
Inter
There is an
tory, too,
esting is
had not
ncoln
Lex-
States,
peo
possible
their cholce upon Lincoln
partly upon the fact that he was a
conservative in regard to the “domi-
nant question” of slavery. This
servatism brought to him the powerful
support of the Border states’
who believed that he possessed a sym-
pathetic understanding of their prob
lem and could deal with it better than
any other candidate before the
vention.
He had this under
standing because his marriage to Mary
Todd gave him an opportunity to see
both sides of the question. It was in
Lexington, in the heart of the largest
slave-holding section of Kentue ky, that
Lincoln saw at close range the more
favorable patriarchal elements of the
Institution. His father-in-law owned
depended
COn-
con-
sympathetic
a resolution, which he always kept,
never to sell a slave and thus risk
bringing suffering to a human being
who had a claim, through faithful
service, to his affection. In the home
of the Todds and of their friends he
saw negro slaves, well-fed, well-housed
and kindly treated—the institution of
slavery at its best,
But there in the chivalrous and ro
mantic Blue Grass region, Lincoln also
saw slavery at its worst. Some of the
masters there abused their slaves;
only a short distance from where
Mary Todd was born stood a notorious
slave prison; and in Cheapside, the
market square of Lexington. scarcely
a day passed without seeing the publie
sale of black men and women.
More than that, in the town of Lex.
ington there was a miniature repro-
duction of the tempest which was
rocking the nation—the slavery dis-
pute. It was on the borderlund and
Robert Wickliffe, father of two of
Mary Todd's girlhood chums and the
husband of her father's cousin, Lead-
ers among the anti-slavery men were
Robert J. Breckenridge and Cassius
friends of his father-in-law. So when
Lincoln made his famous “house-divid-
ed-agrinst-itself” speech, he could
have pointed to the homes of dozens
of families In or near Lexington, Ky.,
as concrete examples of his symbol.
It Is such facts as these that William
H. Townsend, a citizen of Lexington,
bas brought out In an important study
of Lincoln--~the book, “Lincoln and His
Wife's Home Town,” published recent.
ly by the Bobbs-Merrill company. In
the preface Mr. Townsend says: “The
name of Abraham Lincoln is forever
associated with slavery In the United
Btates, Bilographers have traced the
gradual development of Lincoln's
views on the subject from his first
public utterance in the Illinois legls
lature down to the Emancipation
Proclamation twenty-five years later.
Ly
1. Mary Todd Lincoln.
2. Lincoln in 1848. Frecm an old
trait of Lincoln,
about the time of
Lincoln,
her marriage to
The sources, however, from w»
sprung, have not bh
vealed, It is the pur
to show Lincoln's per
hand knowledge of
stitution’
the ‘noc
could have acquire
Mary Todd
soon afterwards
Lincoln and
ried In 1842 and
coin was elected to congress,
upon
a position which
contact with
appearance the nationa
bro
the all-im-
portant soon to be
shaking the nation to
the Lincoln's political
Mr.
that
with
question wus so
its depths, Of
importance to
Townsend
i the lit
who went to live Lin-
coln at the modest Globe Tavern (in
Washington), through her girlhood ex:
periences in Lexington, was peculiarly
fitted to share in the great task which
would make the man she married im-
mortal. She had been taught every
phase of the great question, which
finally came to be nearest his heart,
by the very man whom her husband
regarded with admiration
(Henry Clay).
“It may have been that gentle Ann
tutledge, or portly, complacent Mary
Owens, or youthful, light-hearted
Sarah Rickard would endowed
the tall Sycamore of the Sangamon with
a richer measure of marital bliss, but
never did a young wife bring to a
husband, interested in stuteeraft
anxious for perferment, such
future of his marriage,
“Seo it happened
wife
the
most
have
wealth
moral and political subject—such
fruits of intimate association with
great public men of her day as did
Mary Todd to Abraham Lincoln."
One of these great public men was
John C. Breckenridge, a childhood
friend of Mary Todd Lincoln in Lex-
vice president when Buchanan was
President and the candidate of the
pro-siavery Democrats in the fateful
One of the most
dramatic Incidents In Mr, Townsend's
book is the story of how It fell to the
lot of this friend of Mary Todd's girl-
hood to declare the election of her
husband to the Presidency. He tells
the story as follows:
On February 13, 1861, the two
houses of congress met in joint ses-
sion to count the electoral votes for
President of the United States,
+ + « For days rumors had flown
thick and fast that Vice President
Breckenridge would refuse to an-
nounce the election of Lincoln and
thus give the signal for the seizure
of Washington by the overwhelm.
ing number of southern sympathiz-
ers within its gates, General Scott
had directed that no person should
be admited to the Capitol building
except senators, representatives,
government employees and those
who had tickets signed by the
speaker of the house or the presid-
ing officer of the scnate, Armed
and Bars
ing officer
ipiter
Olympus wit
A southern men
man
cept quest
an be entert
order. “Is the
count of the lectoral
menace?” he «
ers be required to per
yole to pro
coed under outed,
“Shall mem!
form a
the Janizaries of General
withdrawn from the hall?”
“The point of order is not
" ruled Breckenridge emphat-
Constitutional duty before
Scott are
Rin
tained,
ically, as he directed the count to
proceed.
Slowly, one after another, the long
sealed envelopes containing the votes
of the various states were opened
“Maine for Lincoln™ was followed
by a gliight ripple of applause. “South
Carolina
in an
for Breckenridge” was lost
outburst of hand-clapping,
quickly and sternly su sed by
the presiding Then, in an
breathless silence and with profound
attention on the part of all present,
John C. Breckenridge arose from his
seat, standing erect, the most dieni-
fied and Imposing person in that
presence,
Dre
officer,
“Abraham Lincoln,” he announced
with a distinctness that carried his
mellow the most
corner of the gallery, .
ceived a majority of
number of electoral votes, is duly
elected President of the United
States for the four years beginning
on the fourth of March, 1861."
How the Civil war touched person
ally this southern family, the Lincolns.
who occupied the northern White
House during those four eventful
years, Is shown in another incident
told by Mr. Townsend. Mary Todd
had a half-sister named Emille, and
she married Ben Hardin Helm, a Lex-
ington boy who was graduated from
West Point shortly before the open.
ing of the Civil war and cast his for
tunes with the Confederacy.
The aftermath is told in these words
of Judge David Davis:
“I never saw Mr. Lincoln more
moved than when he heard of the
death of his young brother-in-law, Ben
Hardin Helm, only thirty-two years
old, at Chickamauga, I called to see
him about four o'clock on the 22d of
September, 1 found him in the great.
est grief. ‘Davis,’ sald he, ‘I feel as
David of old did when he was told of
the death of Absalom. 1 saw how
grief-stricken he was, so 1 closed the
door and left him alone.’
(@® hy Western Newspaper Union.)
distant
‘having re
the whole
Yolice to
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Master of Observation
How fortunate it is for us and f
I
of
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William Lyon Phelps in the
ican Magazine.
nid
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