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his
one whose hea
and priceless collection |
This crucifix |
Marie Antoinette al
moment of her ex
of wood and |
ready lurge
which he
wis carried by
up to the
and Is
PORRCKECH,
most
ecution made
brass,
After the had made her |
confession, an hour or so before her |
execution, she handed the simple lit-
tle crucifix to the priest . . , almost
her last earthly act. Some time later
the the crucifix to his
| niece, lived In Toulouse,
As dying
| cure to gOMe
keepsake. He « Marie
crucifix, Later he
1
and it was he
queen
priest
eave
gave
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
Pale tapers glimmer in the sky,
The dead and dying leaves go by;
Dimly across the faded green
Strange shadows, stranger shades, are ; - : . {
Seen-—— a sv Bh Fi EAE 4 : / = A - [ a
It Is the mystic Halloween, ; § / 1 J
who
she
select
|
the |
ohlect ns
lay she asked
little
An
became
hose
oinetie’s
Rico
LTHOUGH this writer is no
seventh of a seventh Cah ” ? ; : ; ee, SR fi \ } Aalih 1” No
son and therefore poOssess- : hin ; s ae % WM Mig Qk A A iat its
ing “second sight” and the | SESE ) A 0 oe, ay ab 21 A \ kg isn't
gift of prophecy, he feels :
perfectly safe in making a
prediction. It is this:
On the night of October
31 there will unusual
activity among the juvenile population
of the United States of America, Par-
ties of them will gather in houses in
which the decorative scheme will in-
clude grinning jack-o’-lanterns, dry and
yellowed stalks of corn, black
witches et cetera. But the principal
activity will be outdoors rather than
indoors. In the «ties and towns
white-sheeted figures will roam the
streets, and other figures, lacking any
special costume, will flit furtively
among the shadows in alleys and back
streets. In the country the roads and
lanes will see more night traffic than
usual and dogs will bark at shadowy
holl-
son one seems to value yout!
worth, e 1it 1
very good,
Millions in Vegetables
One hun
dred thousand freight cars
| were required to move the
that were shippe iit of
p
of California Iast
Vere. |
the |
state This
i
| represents a valuation of £75,000,000, |
| tables
year.
be ;
and the crop was BH) per cent more |
| than It was five years ago !
Sir WALTER RALEIGH has i California is not only conceded to
testored the good repute of many | be the able
a pipe. Give that unpopular briar | Such on,
of yours a thorough cleaning. Fill and ma
it with Sir Walter's smoking mix- | 5, when the
ture. Before you've finished thefirst Yeqel HE =v: ak
can, you'll find yourself witha | of
reformed pipe—a pipe that will have aes; £0
ct admiring glances from your | ie
friends. Sir Walter is a distinctive
first stite In ve; pro-
. but outstanding
cats, .
practice il
rketing
ence vepels
i duction
late DOs,
were n
growing, pa
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intruders in farm yards.
The next morning merchants in city
and town will find the front
of their stores decorated
scrawling lines of white—soap put
there, but not to clean the panes.
Gates will be missing from their
customed places, benches and chairs
will have disappeared, water will be
gushing forth from unguarded taps
and in general there will such a
transposition of any object left out-
doors by the careless householder as
to cause one to wonder by what
strange magic have hitherto-inanimate
things come to life. Farmers, finding
wheels missing from their
hung, perhaps, high up in a tree, or
even, perhaps, discovering the wagon
itself perched astride the ridgepole
of the district school—will mutter the
same thing that the merchant is mut-
tering under his breath—"The little
heathens!”
They shouldn't eall
that, however. “Pagans”
rather than “heathens.” For October
81 is Halloween and on that night
young America is a throw-back to their
pagan ancestry of thousands of years
ago. For the boys and girls who go
about on Halloween playing pranks
on their elders, even though probably
not one out of a hundred knows It, are
simply keeping alive a custom born
in England in the far-off days of the
Druids—with this difference: their
ancestors of ancient observed
this custom to keep away or propitiate
evil spirits, whereas their descendants
assume the characters of evil spirits,
windows
with long
ac-
he
wagons—
the children
is the word,
days
or at least, mischievous ones, and act
accordingly.
‘he origin of Halloween goes back
#to the respect and homage paid by an-
client nations to the sun. The pagans
of those days, whether Egyptian, Greek
or Roman, assigned a place of great
importance in their pantheon to the
sun god, the giver of light and heat
and life. The sun marked out for
them the time of work and the time
of rest; it divided the year into sea-
sons ; it made possible hounteous crops
of grain and fruits and under its
warming rays flourished all that was
beautiful and splendid and wonderful
on this earth,
So it was only natural that the early
pagan should set aside a day of grief
for the ending of summer when his
beauty and splendor declined under
the frosts and winds of the coming
winter, when the earth fell under the
spell of the evil powers and was not
to be free from them again until the
coming of spring. But mingled with
this grief over the passing of summer
was the joy which he felt ag he be-
held the golden harvest of the autumn
and in his heart he felt a song of
thanksgiving for the ripened grain and
fruit. The deity to whom the Romans
were accustomed to render their
thanks for these gifts was the god-
dess, Pomona, and they were accus-
tomed to set apart October 31 or No-
vember 1 In her honor as a festival
day in which nuts and apples, repre
senting the winter store of fruits, fig-
ured prominently.
The Celts, the original inhabitants
of the British Isles, worshiped the
spirits of the forests and streams,
Thelr priests, the Druids, held their
rites beneath the great oaks which are
characteristic of that land, since this
tree was held In speclal veneration by
the Celts, The Druids in time became
skilled prophets In Interpreting the
will of the gods. They kept thelr
sacred lore from the people and hand-
ed It down only among themselves,
They taught that souls were Immortal
and that they passed from one body to
another when life became extinet.
On October 31 the Druids taught
that the Lord of Death gathered to
gether the souls of all those who had
died during the year just passed and
assigned to them bodies of the ani
mals they were to inhabit the coming
twelvemonth, according to their con-
demnation, .
Samhain, “summer's end,” was No
sember 1 to the Druids. Flocks were
brought in: people rested from labo
fires were built to Baal
giving for the
brought harvest in abundan
were
fires of tha
which
Altars
season's close
lighted, and after
on Octobe
dwelling
were and ti
were Rept
the
hroned, burni
a year—until return of Samb
Fire biessed the household.
From this custom, and that of bur
ing a
delving into the future. In
sheep's struggles were read
the morrow Evil spirits that came
out of Samhain in Ireland lived for
the rest of the year in Cruchan Cave
in Connaught, called the "hell-gate of
On this yearly the
cave was opened and evil spirits in
the form of birds”
came They preyed on families,
stealing babies from their cribs, leav-
ing in thelr places goblins and hideous
changelings. These evil spirits had the
reputation of being very cunning and
the peasantry, in order to get rid of
them, and around their evil visitations,
performed various and sundry acts of
propitintion. They boiled egg shells
in the sight of the changelings, treat
ed ill the children left them and did
other weird and strange things,
The Celts placed great store In
tests. Samhain was the great time for
these, Individuals were blindfolded
that they might be the better guided
by fate.
In the practice of these supersti-
tions the Celts were not alone. They
were universal over Europe In the
ages previous to the Christian era.
Christianity and the Roman emperors
put them to rout. Augustus forbade
his subjects to be Initiated into the
Druidicial worship when he occupied
Britain. Tiberius drove the priestly
cult from Gaul and Emperor Claudios
stamped out their belief. The Romans
pursued the Drulds ruthlessly to the
Island of Mona, near Wales, where
they esterminated them at one fell
blow and destroyed their oaks.
Christianity in time succeeded the
Druidieial worship. Onto the old re-
ligion and old festivals were grafted
new names and new customs. The
midsummer festival was dedicated to
St. John: Lugunsad gave way to Lam-
mas. The berries of the mountain
ash or rowan tree, which had been
food for Tuatha, “the people of the
goddess Danu,” now served to exorcise
the very spirits In whose honor they
at one time had been eaten,
All Hallows, or All Saints’ Day, on
the church calendar, was assigned to
November 1. In the beginning it was
celebrated in May, the month in which
Pope Boniface 1V, In 610, consecrated
sheep, the practice of
Arose
date
“copper-colored
out.
the Roman Pantheon to the Virgin and
all the saints and martyrs of
church. The latter day
Pope Gregory IV in 835
the
assignment
wns made by
} ¥
that the crowds whic
in order
up each year te
Het he fod xuMiolent is
ght he fed sufficien
came
y Rome for the religious
ROFYIOOR IT from
the bountiful 1
the "1 141
vests of the year. In
“
century November
made All Souls’ Da)
Since America is the meltis
the nat
that this «
ers, partakes of the customs a radi
Hence our Hal
of Irish,
German
ons it ily natural
like so nn
tions of
low eon + Wil nati
English, Scotch
not to mention
find tradi
tions, contributions
frota the Prench, Dutch, Spanish, Por
Austrian, Italian and
as Nordic
tuguese,
states as v The original
celebrati country
nn though
of
harvest: and provis i
But despite this one could find
and then old Halloween
in full There follov
"
such games as apple ducking
Now 1
foree
and ap
2
the
comb and
and throwing
shoulder,
peel over
mirror tests
~
ballads topped off by a round of ghost
stories,
their
iurch
A party of twelve may learn
future If one from an «
yard a cod of earth and set tw
candles in it, naming them as he
them. The ure of
governed by the light the candle emits,
will get
elve
ie
lights
cach i=
wavering, steady, sputtering or going
out,
Fairies come in for especial atten
tion in Ireland. Good and bad they
hold Irish heart in their power,
and, go the story runs, St. Patrick was
not immune to thelr wiles, One lulled
him to sleep before Samhain. These
spirits dwell In grassy mounds and In
streams and on the eve of All Saints’
Day troop forth to work their will on
countryside. To this day one may
hear authentic accounts of the ap
pearance of fairies in Ireland and the
necessity of doing certain things in
order to hold their good will
Scottish Halloween traditions seem
to be more clearly defined and more
purposeful than the Irish ones. There
is a lightness in Irish character that
is not to he found In the Scottish,
and for this reason the Scots take
more seriously the traditions in regard
to witches, evil spirits and fairies, all
of whom they believe to be abroad on
Halloween,
The Scotch Invented the idea of
“Samhainach,” a goblin who comes out
just at “Samhain.” It is he who In Ire
land steals children. The fairies pass
at crossroads, and in the Highlands
whoever took a three-legged stool to
where three cross-roads met, and set
upon it at midnight, would hear the
names of those who would die in a
year. He might bring with him arti
cles of dress, and as each name was
pronounced throw one garment to the
fairies. They would be so pleased by
this gift that they would repeal the
sentence of death,
40, 1930, Western Newspaper Union.)
the
matter what price you
pay-
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on Earth
ira ¢
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