1S A HEA Because She Took Lydia E. Pink- ham’s Vegetable umd supply the tables of America. ble tin can. ning establish. ments, Schmidt was em- ployed, It was coms plicated work be cause she did seal- of the work. It was strenuous work and girl. Often she forced herself to work machine, At times she would have to stay at home for she was so weak she was in this weakened condition. She tried various medicines, At last, a friend of hers spoke of Lydia E. Pinkbam's Vegetable Compound and she gave it a trial. “Everyone says I am a healthier and stronger girl,” she writes. “I am rec- ommending the Vegetable Compound to all my friends who tell me how they suffer and I am willing to answer let- ters from women asking about it.” Julia Schmidt's address is 113 Willow St., Silverton, Oregon. Girls who work in factories know just how Miss Schmidt felt. 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EHEN and what summer? Here is where for there ories as to the name, the reason it and the time occurs. Most people will agree the fact that it means a warm “weather in one of the | case, “doctors " disagree, are many the origin of that it Is peculiar and by three mosphere and by smoke and dict a definite time for ence of opinion begins, Consult the dictionaries and Standard, { dry, calm with hazy late But weather in atmosphere.” jJows: States, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky ap- pearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is de- rived from the custom of the Indians | to use this time in preparation for from their belief that it Is caused by a wind blowing directly from the court of the southwestern god.” How. ever, he expands upon the theme by giving two quotations, one from Free- man and the other from the National | Intelligencer, in regard to this season. The first quotation from Freeman, is as follows: i The southwest is the pleasantest wind which blows if New England. In the month of October, in particular, after the frosts which commonly take place at the end of September, It fre- quently produces two or three weeks of | fair weather, in which the air is per- { fectly transparent, and the clouds, | which float in the sky of purest azure, | are adorned with brilliant colors. This | charming season is called the Indian | summer, a name which is derived from ! the natives, who belleve that it is | caused by a wind which comes imme- | diately from the court of their great | and benevolent god, Cautantowwit, or {| the southwestern god, | The explanation from the National | Intelligencer also is based upon an i aboriginal custom. It says: The short season of pleasant weather occurring about the middle of Novem ber is called the Indian summer, from | the custom of the Indians to avail themselves of this delightful time for harvesting thelr corn. It is a bland and genial time, in which the birds, in. sects and plants feel a new creation, The sky in the meantime is generally filled with a haze of orange and gold, intercepting the direct rays of the sun, yet possessing enough of light and heat 10 prevent sensations of gloom or chill, while the nights grow sharp and frosty and the necessary fires give cheerful forecast of the social winter evenings near at hand 80 here are two authorities dis agreeing on both the time-—one says October and the other November—of Indian summer and the reason for the name, Perhaps the earliest known reference to the term was that made by a Frenchman, St, John Crevecoeur, tn 1778 when he was living at Pine Hill, Orange county, N. Y, In an essay, “A Snow Storm as It Affects the SOOAOR0 SOS OOSG0GSOOGIGIONNIGOTOGGIO UT ONTITRD oo GOOOOUOLOUONLSOTSUNGEN00 When the Acorn: Drop the } the acorns dro There's a bloom uj like the gh flowery, But the are And on hill throughout all hours Descend the rustling autumn rain, the squirrel’'s at his feast. ing In the old cak's top And %o, for Indian summer when * the acorns drop! and in hollow the misty side drops of Oh, When the chestnut and the hazel- nut put on & richer brogn, And the blackbirds all are gathered in a flock, When mallow «in - the - marshes buttons up her yellow gowns, Then It's time to heap the fod. der In a shock, Oh. autumn's on her wa better gather In the crog And ho, for Indian summer when the acorns drop! Cornelia RN. American Farmer,” printed in 1782, he called It *I'Ete Sauvage,” a free trans. lntion of which would be “Indian sum- mer.” In this essay he sald, “After the fall of but any snowfall, comes a rainy period. Great rains at last replenish the springs, the brooks, the swamps and impregnate the earth. Then a severe frost ceeds which prepares it to receive the soluminons cont of snow which Is soon to follow: though it iz often pre- ceded by a short interval of smoke and mildness, ealled the Indian sume mer. This is in general the invariable rule: begin until these few moderate days and the rising of the waters have an- nounced it to man” The origin of the term, which is most widely known, occurs in a book printed several years later than Crevecoeur's essay, This was Dr, Joseph Doddridge’s “Notes on the Set- tlement and Indian Wars of the Western Parts of Virginia and Penn. gylvania From 1763 to 1783." Dodd- ridge traces the term back to early colonial times when Indians still were a menace to the backwoods settlers, All during the summer, settlers in the more harassed sections had to live behind stockades in constant dread of Indian raids. When the chill blasts of winter came on, everyona breathed a sigh of relief. No longer would the Indians attack. The sever. ity of the winter would prevent that danger. The hemmed-in settlers now took to the open, going to their log cabins outside with the joyful feeling of men released from prison, It happened sometimes, however, that the welcome Inclement weather gave way to a few days of unseason- able warm weather, This was called indian summer because it gave the Indians another chance to wage de- structive warfare against the colonists once more, leaves, before wu. Winter is not said properly to SOOGHOSO SD TOOTNOOOON GOOOGOOG OOO OOG GOO SOOONOROTDTTON » senRon to win 1 to this counirs r occurs in Europe England it own a8 SL when it has made (StL All following, curring, ! Martin's day, N Even Saints Hallow All Germany it is call days Old Woman's summer or StL Luke's summer, commencing about Oclober 18, and in the is commonly Mediterranean regions called St. Martins {ttle summer. 80 as nearly as It summer Luke's Martin's day, the Indian su may be fixed come any tin can may day, October and SL November although mmer ty] experienced hefore in September or even in December. Science cannot find any fixed period to correspond to pop and it cannot be predicted any more than thaws in midwinter, Science can, howe _ gecount for Its appearance even If it « predict it for Indian summer by say- that it is a phenomenon resulting from a sluggish movement of the areag of high and low baromete across the country, and the fixation for a time of high barometer in the with low Northwest, giving general southwest winds and mild weather Concerning Indian sume scientist says: and goecounts South pressure in the in the United States indefinite spell is likely to be more apparent in the upper Mississippi valley where Ri ie more Inclined to be In strong con- trast with the climatic © nditions thas precede and follow it East of Migsieninpl valley, the autumn ps ricds of dryness and tranquillity become ire regular in their occ ce and of brides du on. The rainfall is normally so Hight in western estates of country that the chief elements of the indian summer are not uf ficlently unusual to attract attention. The peculiar haze which may occur at this time of the year is the urre the our the almost motionless at- It is frequently usually appears in “anti-eyclone”™ smoke in mosphere. fog and known a8 an fine, dry weather prevaila diatoms and volcanic cust and dust from decayed vegetable matter contribute to the density of it It + ay alse be increased by the emoke from prairie and forest fires which may he transported great distances through the upper atmosphere, while at the same time the air near the earth may re. main quite clear, often producing a peculiar yellowish or pinkish effect due to the blue rays of sunlight being ab- sorbed. Indian summer has become a part of the English language #ven though it i# not recognized by science. Even though Indian summer is not recognized by science, it har always and probably always will hold ts place In American tradition and Amer {ean literature, It Is a favorite theme of poets—especially among the New England group——essayists and eartoon- iste, all of whom have told in one way or nnother of the glories of this seca son, when Long “I” All Right Casual readers of pootry sometimes get a mental shock when they discover the noun “wind” rhymed with such words as “blind” or “find” But, ac cording to the Mentor Magazine, the troubie Is not with the pronunciation of the old-time poets, but with that of modern readers, The noun belongs to a group of words which for many cen turies have been pranouticed with a loug vowel. The group Includes kind, blind, mind, rind, behind and the verbs bind, wind, find, The New Standard dictionary gives both pronunciations, the one with the long vowel being In. dicated as the pronunciation used by poeta~Detrolt News, When Birds Sleep Very few laymen can understand why a tree-perching bird does not fall oft the slender branch when It goes to sleep and becomes unconscious, The answer is that it cannot, accord: ing to Mr, Richard Kearton, the well: known ornithologist. The bending of the knees in the act of sitting down, he says, tightens the muscles of the toes in such a way as virtually to lock the sleeping bird to its perch, and It cannot leave until they are straightened and the muscles of the toes are relaxed. 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