HR A
} CARE OF SHEEP IN WINTER.
Sheep are tender, and but for their
dense covering of wool could not en-
dure our severe winters. In the wild
state the lambs are not produced un-
til mild weather. Domestication has
changed the conditions somewhat, and
lambs come early; but they are not
wel protected with wool covering,
and require warmth. This fact must
not be overlooked when the ewes are
due to lamb,
' TO DRY OFF A DAIRY COW.
To dry off a dairy cow, it is recom:
manded that the animal be put upon
rather dry food and the quantity of
milk withdrawn at each meal should
be gradually lessened—in other words,
a little milk should always be left be-
hind in the udder. After a few days
only as much should be withdrawn
as is found necessary in order to re-
lieve the animal of an uncomfortable
pressure of the milk glands, In addi
tion to this the cow may be given
about half an ounce of powdered alum
in her drinking water twice daily, and |
the udder should be rubbed with an |
ointment consisting of one drachm of |
belladonna extract to an ounce of
lard. i
ANALYZING SOILS.
Soll Analysis as a Guide to the Use |
of Fertilizers is discussed in a recent |
press bulletin issued by the Ohio
Agricultural Experiment station. This |
is a question of much practical im-
portance, for it is a prevailing notion
that the chemist can, by analyzing a
soil, tell something of its needs in |
the way of fertilizer. A soil analysis
is very expensive, and when made
would usually have very little value
as a guide to the use of fertilizers, for |
the reason that the chemist has as
yet discovered no reagent which pos
sesses the same capacity for extract |
ing plant food from the soil as that |
of the living tissues of the plant. The
only practical way of learning the
needs of a particular soil is to make |
experiments on that soll, and learn |
which combination of fertilizing ma- |
terials will produce the greatest ef.
fect.
VALUE OF PROPER PLOWING.
Proper plowing is one of the marks |
of advanced agriculture. No country |
ever plowed their land better than
Americans, largely because we have |
the best plows in the world. The an- |
clients merely scratched the top of |
thalir land with wooden plows, and |
the Chinese and Russian farmers do |
the same today; but American deep |
sub-soil plows cut far down into the |
soil, and turn and pulverize the earth |
80 that its tilth is improved a hun-|
dred fold. We do not have to go over |
our land so many times simply be.
cause we have better mechanical im- |
plaments to do the work for us the |
first time. Set the plow deep, and |
let it bring up the subsoil so it can |
be used for increasing the productive |
ness of the crops. With good plow- |
ing we are prepared to raise better
crops with less worry and labor dur
ing dry summers than if we neglect or |
alight this all important work.—The |
Cultivator.
DAIRY MEHODS.
Methods of dairy feeding is the |
subject of a timely bulletin by the
Pennsylvania Experiment Station.
During the winter months anything
which has to do with improved dairy |
methods is especially valuable.
bulletin is made especially valuable |
The |
because it has a brief and comprehen. |
sive summary, without which any bul |
letin is incomplete. The experiments |
failed to show any advantage in hav. |
ing water constantly before the cows |
in the stable. The cows that were |
turned into the yard for water once
a day made as good returns as those
having constant access to water in
the stable. Much more bedding was
required to keep cows clean and com
fortable in the pens than in the stalls.
Apparently it would not be economi
cal to keep milch cows loose in pens
on farms where the supply of bedding
Is limited. Considerably less labor
was required to care for the cows in
the pens than for those in the stalls.
The increase in the amount of bedding
would result in the production of a
greater bulk of manure. The fewest
bacteria were found In the milk of
those cows which stood in the stalls,
and “which were, consequently the
cleanest,
WHAT A FARMER SHOULD RAISE.
No matter what line a farmer may
specialize in, he ought to raise as
much of his own living as possible.
First he should raise his own meat.
If his business is cattle raising, let
him supply the local butcher, retain.
Ing a quarter of beef for home use.
If he is raising grain or running a
dairy, let him put a small part of his
farm to alfalfa, clover, peas, arti
chokes or grain for pasture, and then
keep hogs enough to glean his stup
ble between harvest and replowing.
Select some of the best pigs and feed
them on wheat till they are In good
order and then turn them into sau.
f
i
i
;
5
8
fat moat.
If a part of the land has to be left
permanent pasture, or the farmer
REF
meat on the market that the farmer
can raise for himself if he will.
Raise a few acres of grain. Two
acres of wheat will supply a family
with all the flour needed. If you are
near a good mill or if not get a small
farm mill and a sieve ana you will
have whole wheat flour that will beat
any that can be bought. Ralse a lit:
tle rye for brown bread, and no mat.
ter what other kinds of corn you raise
plant a small patch of eightrowed
flint corn. Grind a little once a week
and have johnny-cakes for supper.
Don't forget an acre of buckwheat for
flapjacks on cold winter mornings, and
if there is any left over let the boys
have it for their tame pigeons.
Raise all the poultry that you care
to eat. Sell the young roosters and
eat the old hens. The old hens take
a little more cooking, but they have
more flavor. Have poultry for dinner
once a week at least, and raise tur.
keys enough so one may be had for
each holiday. The writer knows by
experience that roast turkey tastes
just as good for July 4 as for Thanks
giving. Consult the tastes of the
family in the matter of fruit, and set
out that kind to a limited extent,
whether it is marketable or not. And
don't forget to have plenty of milk
and cream at all times of the year,
as well as eggs for home use. If you
should occasionally invite a city
friend to dine with you, it might be
the beginning of a line of agricultural
industry radically different from the
one you are making a specialty now.—
J. R. Patterson, in American Agricul:
turist.
PRESERVING EGGS FOR WINTER.
The Rhode Island Experiment sta
fourteenth annual report.
try division it treats at length on
preservation of eggs, and gives the re
of a large number of
are on hand or easily and cheaply ob-
economy" the poultryman or
several weeks or months before using.
Because of requests for some simple
this purpose, a number of experiments
were undertaken at this station to
ascertain what methods of preserva
best be utilized to
used to advahtage in the fall and early
winter to supplement the production
advise and urge the use of the fresh
est of eggs for the household when
possible, but our experiments prove
that good, clean eggs may be easily
able length of time when necessary.
In most methods of preserving eggs it
is desirabl; to exclude or sterilize
of both germs and oxygen to the eggs.
eral days’ subjection to the tempera:
ture of incubation, are found to have
changed but slightly, and may be used
for culinary purposes,
which has been incubated even for a
few hours, so that the chick embryo
der ordinary conditions.
merous methods of preserving eggs
the following have been considered
experimental tests: (1)
(chloride of sodium},
(3) slacked lime dnd salt brine, (4)
(8) brimstone
permanganate
salleylic acid, and
powdered sulphur,
(10)
this series of experiments the old way
of using slacked lime and salt brine
proved to be very effectual, and has
also the advantage of being inexpen.
give. It is also not difficult to prac
tice. For a period of a few weeks
only, smearing the eggs with vase
preservation. In the place of vase
line almost any clean, greasy sub
stance may be used. For a period of
a few months only, packing in dry
table salt is worthy of recommenda
tion. Of all the substances experi
mented with, the water glass solution
proved most worthy of commendation,
The fourth series of experiments
showed that the water glass solution
could be reduced to 3 per cent. and
still retain its preserving quality.
Water glass can be obtained of drug-
gists at from 40 to 60 cents a gallon.
It is easily manipulated and the so
lation may be repeatedly used. The
eggs should be completely immersed
in the solution, and if any eggs float
an inner cover which will sink them
below the surface of the liquid should
be used. In several tests where the eggs
were placed in stone jars inverted
saucers were used for this purpose.
The expense for the water glass at 60
cents a gallon would amount to about
two-thirds of a cent a dozen eggs.
This does not include the expense of
the jar or other receptacle, which may
be of stoneware, glass or wood.
Under favorable conditions of peace
the mortality among soldiers is prac-
tically the least known, with a death
rate of only five In every 1,000. Com-
pared with a soldier's life the placid
days even of a clergyman are full of
danger, for his death-rate is eloven In
1,000, or more than twice as great as
that of his militant brother.
ORIENTAL PERFUMES
VOGUE,
Among the fluctuations of fashion
in New York City it takes study to
be up to date on small matters. Per-
fumes, for example. Why should
fashion control the use and sale of
such things? Still, it does, and for
reasons the dainty violet has reigned
supreme in the favor of the queens of
society. Suddenly a change has come.
Not that the use of violet sachets and
toilet waters has decreased, but the
modest and faint odor must divide the
honors with the more pervasive, heavy
perfumes of the Orient.
The woman who in days gone was
identified by the delicate fragrance of
violet now, as she enters the room,
transports one in fancy to the sunny
East, where rainbow flowers make
the air heavy with their rich perfume.
THE
ELIZABETH'S PET.
The old courtiers say the young
{ looking, amiable young man of good
den she grows vegetables which she
dogs and several cats and
her fondest affection
dally tidbits tnd caresses.
that the little Elizabeth has
The women of Kenosha, Wis., have
long been openly opposed to the
slaughter of birds for plumage, and
for years there has been an
ten law among them that only
ostrich plume, the coy
iin the city, and its influence has
been far reaching. Many of its mem.
bers are also active tn the Woman's
Recently a plan to lure the
has been undertaken by the
have adopted for attracting the birds
ire of the simplest,
been placed in nearly every yard of
the place, and near them are tiny
bowls of water for drinking and
bathing purposes,
sparrow has shown the
ciation of these overtures,
most appre
that when the warm weather
proaches others will avall themselves
of these unusual privileges.
intended that houses for the
shall be numerous throughout
place.
the
WOMEN WHO RUN BIG FARMS
owned and managed by women.
; annual State fairs
with superb specimens of
peaches, pears, nectarines,
i the Bacramento Valley
shown in their ripe state and in dried
and packed forms: also, in the shape
of preserves, jams and jellies. She
hops, tobacco and other products.
! dustry which has grown and prosper
‘ed was the planting of two orange
trees, originally from Brazil, beside
the cottage home of Mrs. Tibbetts, in
Riverside. From these is sald to have
sprung the Washington navel orange
| industry of California.
In one of the beautiful sub-valleys
made by the broken contours of the
Coast Range, lies the fruit and grain
lines of orchard trees, heavy with
| fruitage, radiate in every direction
from the homestead. The house itself
iwas built in New England, and
brought around the Horn (a common
| Yankee enterprise of those early
[days). These one thousand home
| acres, lying near Vacaville, have been
| planted and developed by Mrs. Buck.
, ingham within the past sixteen years,
Two sisters living near the Bay of
| San Francisco, with no practical
| knowledge of horticulture, began with
ia bag of poppy seed. Within five
! years they have developed a business
in rose and bulb culture which taxes
the capacity of ten greenhouses. Like
| many others, they find a market for
all they can produce among the florists
of Ban Francisco.--Country Life in
America,
i
!
A CHRYSANTHEMUM DRESS.
Now that fancy dress parties are so
popular it is interesting for the wo
man who expects to attend such an
entertainment to know that short,
fancy dresses are usually more effec.
tive than long ones unleas one is im-
personating a historical person. A
| lower dress is very preity—say a
| chrysanthemum. Have the skirt cut
| short, to reach about half way between
| knee and ankle, with a rather deep
and stiff white muslin and lace
balayeuse Inside to make it stand out
Trim it further with garlands of
flowers running upward from hem to
waist, large blossoms at the bottom
gradually decreasing in size till those
at the waist are quite tiny. Continue
the lines with the smaller blossoms
on the low necked, sleeveless bodice,
and have a bertha of the large chrys-
anthemums,
On the head wear either a gypsy
hat trimmed with flowers or a cluster
of two or three fine blossoms worn
in the hair at the left side well to-
ward the front if the halr is dressed
high, or toward the back if in the
fashionable low coils.
Dull green shoes and stockings and
long flesh colored gloves should be
worn with a flower frock. The wearer
should carry a long wand enameled
rather pale green with a big posey of
the flowers tied with wide satin rib-
bons matching them in color and with
long ends. If the flowers are too ex-
pensive—a great quantity will be re-
quired for trimming the dress—they
can be made from tissue paper at
very small cost.—Washington Star.
SCHOLARLY MAIDS IN BERLIN,
Only three women have taken de-
grees at the University of Berlin, Two
| are Americans and one a Jewess. The
| latter was one of the first women to
win a degree. Her name is Bertha
Neumann and her father keeps a
| music store on Potsdamer strasse in
this city. The family formerly lived
iin Posen. She is a phenomenal math
| ematician, with a “head for figgers”
{ that made the learned pundits of the
University wonder and admire. As
i one of them remarked, she can calcu.
late and eclipse without using pencil
i or paper and can recite pages of lo
| garithms from memory.
The second girl to take a degree was
| Miss Caroline T. Stewart of Texas,
i whose graduating thesis was on Ger-
manic philology and they say it was
the most learned and comprehensive
essay on that subject ever read by
the instructors in German literature.
| Miss Stewart and her sister came here
in 1895 from Bryn Mawr College, hay-
ing previously graduated at Michigan
University, and Miss Caroline took her
aegree last vear. She has returned
{ to the United States.
This year the honors of the Berlin
University have been carried off by a
delicate looking little Yankee girl,
with bright blue eyes and rosy cheeks,
who looks frail and tiny, as If a strong
gust of wind might pick her up and
carry her away. It seems incredible
that so much learning can be com-
| pressed into such a small compass.
She is Mary W. Montgomery of New
Haven, Conn. the daughter of a Con
gregational minister and former mis
sionary, and a graduate of Wellesley
| College for women. She took her de
gree last summer for Oriental lan.
| guages. She knows Sanskrit, He
brew, Turkish, Arabic Greek, and
| Egyptian, and is probably the most
accomplished woman in the world in
{ those branches of learning. While
Miss Montgomery has passed her ex-
aminations and received her diploma,
she has yet to go through the for.
{ mality of “promotion,” as they call
it. The ceremony takes place next
month, after which she will return to
the United States to apply her vast
learning to some useful purpose. —
{ Chicago Record-Herald.
tassled
newest
of fine
{ ends represent one of
forms of necklets.
The latest fad is to have the jewels
i in the stock fastener match the color
of the wearer's eyes.
Brown tulle, with chenille dots to
match are worn with toques trimmed
{| with mink or sable fur, and also when
wraps or sets of the same fur are
worn.
" Pretty new white mousseline scarfs
have the ends embroidered in point
a jour, alternating with colored mous-
seline flowers, heading a kilting of
white mousseline de sole.
{i Ropes pearls with
the
For fastening fur collarettes, even-
ing cloaks or capes, art nouveau de-
signs divide favor with gem set clasps
and buckles, and the mountings are
of gold, silver, gun metal, steel or
jet.
In addition to the simple fichus of
trilled white chiffon, which always re
tain a certain measure of popularity,
tLere are some charming new designs
which show pyramid additions of coler.
ed embroidery mingling with the lace.
The latest pendant is termed a
talisman and it dangles from a slen-
der chain of gold. One in Italian sil
ver opens like a locket and makes
an appropriate case for a tiny photo
graph or a similar souvenir.
Cherries in varying shades of red
are used for trimming felt hats for
young girls, likewise wreaths of cur
rants with deep green velvet leaves,
while clusters of purple and white
grapes adorn some of the newest
models in white beaver.
For little girls, long, loose fitting
coats of black silk, satin or velvet are
popular. These have a broad white
lace collar that extends over the
shoulders in a cape effect.
The Colonial tie is to be the dress
shoe for women this spring. It is an
imitation of the shoe worn by women
in the Revolutionary period, and fol
lows closely the original type. A con:
spicuous feature is the high flaring
leather tongue, which is lined with
leather and forms the background for
a large buckle.
The Kings of Italy are not crowned,
nor has Emperor Willlam, either as
Emperor,
THE KARPATHIAN SHEPHERD.
A Veritable Sgvage Seen Twice a
Year Leading His White Herd.
The Karpathian shepherd is a regu-
lar savage—tales Innumerable ars
and the mountain winds. Twice a
year only, in the autumn and in spring,
he is to be seen leading his white herd
assisted by a few hounds, who look
fous as their master. The shepherd
solitude an the highest meadows of
the Karpathians., He is dressed in
a coarse white shirt, long mantle, and
high cap of thick fur. His hair is
raven black, and flows loosely on his
shoulders. His white skin sandals en-
able him to tread lightly, and without
much fatigue, the long, wearisome
way that leads from the mountains to
the plains and vice versa.
accepts the shelter of a
roof, but always sleeps near his herd,
however hard the frost or
snow. He is seldom heard to speak,
legends have grown and flourished
about the silent, haughty youth, whose
tall figure crosses twice a year the
He is believed to belong not to the
No maid has ever loved the shepherd,
however handsome he may be and
to love
}
uy
a fairy alone can be tempted
his affection, and she runs a dan
gerous risk, for he is already betrothed
to the fountain whose water springs
among the highest and most
rocks, and the revengeful goddess
punishes all moriais who her
path or try to take her lover from her
Such are the legends that render the
Karpathian shepherd interesting
atiractive—he plays a conspicuous
part in all the songs of our folk-lore,
while his fate remains wrapped in the
soft mystery .—
Review,
ioneiy
Cross
and
haze of Contemporary
Talking Aloud io One's Self.
of the most marked outward
manifestations that the New Yorker
gives of the high nervous tension un-
der which he lives is his habit of talk-
ing aloud to himself in the street. This
habit the first
observers of street life in New York
notice. It is a form of nervousness
that is due not only to the high pres.
One
is one of
are Kept, but to the noise of the street
traffic. When the rush and rumble
of the streets is 56 great that a man
his thoughts aloud. It is only rarely
that a woman is observed doing this.
Sometimes the man who is talking to
himself, if he is happy, will mumble
only phrases and half sentences audi-
bly. If he is angry or deeply concern.
ed, be will speak steadily and some.
times make emphatic gestures,
uppermost in their minds,
word “dollars” is the
tenest beard. —New York Post.
The Wit of Childhood.
wit of childhood
theme of
The
has been
unconscious
the
welcome. Several are given by Dr
T. J. Macnamara in an article in an
English magazine, the New Liberal
Review. Here is a specimen:
When Mrs. Smith has called upon
Mrs. Brown, and the hostess has re
ceived the visitor with the most gush-
ing enthusiasm, it is a little embarras-
ing for Tommy Brown to sidie up to
Mrs. Smith and ask:
“Do you live in a nice room, Mrs.
Smith?”
Mrs. Smith replies:
“What a curious question, Tommy!
Why do you ask?”
“Why,” says the ingenuous youth,
“as you were coming up the garden
mamma said that your room was bet.
ter than your company.”
Another story telle of a small
scholar’'s reply to &n inspector who
asked why the sun never sets on the
British dominions.
“Because, sir,” the young geographer
answered, “the Britigx dominions are
in the North and East and South, and
the sun always sets in the West.”
A Pail Full of Cash.
David Long, a laborer, walked into
the Second National! Bank, of Danville,
i1l., and placed his dinner pail in the
teller's window and sald he wanted to
make a deposit. Then, to the aston
ishment of the bank officials, he open-
ed the pail and showed that it was
full of soiled and crumpled bank notes
of an almost forgotten issue. There
was a little less than $1,500 in the
pail and every dollar of it was of the
war issue of thirty-five years ago and
worth 100 cents. The bank retained
the greater part of the money, but
some of it was in such condition that
it had to be sent to Washington to be
exchanged. Long, who is about
seventy years old, refused to make any
explanation of how he came into the
possession of the money. Crumpled
up in some of the bills were small
feathers and bits of straw, which gave
evidence that the money had at one
time been concealed in a bed.—Indian.
apolis News,
The Kings of Sweden are crowned
“Kings of the Swedes, Goths, and Van-
dals,” at Upsala Cathedral. The same
monarchs are also crowned Kings of
Norway at Drontheim Cathedral,
Recent figures show that about one
marriage in every four marriages in
France in childless.
The selfish man goes out of his way
3
to get in other peopre’s way.
i
i
3
i
i
{
i
|
King Edward has decided that
coronation. Some of
poetry is funny enough.
Mr. Austin's
In England the photograph craze of
the eighties is now being equaled by
the mutoscope mania of today and so-
clety delights in seeing itself as the
biograph saw it.
In view of the fact that about half
a million postal cards are mailed every
year in Germany without any address,
the authorities recommend that the
address should be written first. -
Some expert statistician has figured
out that Andrew Carnegie will be only
a one-millionaire in five years’ time if
he continues to endow libraries at his
present rate, Mr. Carnegie, however,
gives no signs of worrying over his
future.
John B. Clark expresses his belief in
the Atlantic Monthly that a hundred
years hence Manhattan Island will
have streets in several stories, and
that rifles, cannon, warships, and the
wasteful burning of coal to make
steam will be things of the past.
In the war with Bpain our naval ves-
sels were painted gray, but the British
Admiralty is satisfied that
it was for warships. In
the way of experiment, therefore, it is
having the channel uadron painted
in a varity of colors, some of the
ships being colored bottle green,
tan, sea green
not quits
he best color
or sky blue,
A French journal relates that when
the late Li Hung Chang was at Lyons,
he went to see, among other things,
the Credit After he had
inspected the upper floors of the bank
he was taken down stairs to the
vaults, where the securities were kept.
Picking out two bonds, marked five
thousand francs, he put them in his
Pix ket with the “Joli! Sou-
venir de Paris!” The government af-
terward idemnified the bank
Lyonnais,
words
The engravers at the Bureau of En
graving and Printing at Washington,
have completed a viguette of President
Raosevelt that used
as the official picture 6f the President.
After his death it may be used on Gov-
ernment money or securities, but not
until then. This vignette made
from what was decided to be the best
photograph of the President after
every photograph he has had taken in
the last ten years had been examined.
of the
will always be
was
In view considerable move-
dustrial purposes, the administration
of the Lille International Exhibition,
1902, has decided to organize a special
section for alcohol, in which all its
applications will be represented, in
i
!
parties the best means of substituting
its use for that of petroleum. The
object is to endow France with a heat.
Statistics of gas manufacture in the
United States for 1500, compiled in the
Census Bureau, show that while the
number of establishments has increas-
ed since 1890 only eighteen per cent,
the capital invested has been expand.
ed nearly 120 per cent. In the mean.
time the average cost of gas har been
reduced from $1.42 per thousand cubic
feet to $1,025. Competition with elec
tric lighting has unquestionably
brought about contraction in the field
of gas manufacture; but in the larger
centers of population there has been
evinced little disposition to abandon
gas as an agent for lighting and heat-
ing. Its business has been perforce
divided: but it has by no means been
relegated to the economic lumber
room.
The other day Mrs. Alec Tweedls
wrote an article for the London Press
on the seifishness of modern English-
men, quoting an American girl as say-
ing that English bachelors néver re-
turned women's hospitality. This
started a stream of correspondence
and elicited several amusing replies
from English club men, who declare
that no English girl woud ever expect
men to take her to tea, the theater, for
a drive in the park, or give her candy
or flowers, and that the American girl
by her willingness to accept such at-
tentions, comes in for considerable
criticism. Mrs. Tweedle also repre
sented the American girl as saying she
would not waste hospitality over those
who would not return it. This com
mercialism has been greeted with
jeers from various club men.
Germany seems to place a value on
the services of women different from
that which holds in France. In the
gible, the reasons given being general
incompetency, continual absence on