VOL. LXXIV.
od
ly
1901.
FARMERS’
HE
week in Granze
their wives in Penn'sand Brash Va
Ot
{
seldom seen even on institut
—a ¢old wave, with frozen roads.
tf
L
The spoikers farnished by
were of a hich order.
fitted for institute work.
bat
He has
only in theory, in
contained a thous wort!
Heiges is an ideal i
Messrz, R. L. Be
assigned them.
A. L Martin, de
tutes, addel
throughout all the sessions.
Pattison in 1893, be
and by the appointimeat of
1
i
sil
MILY ser
to
3
mi tas, 1nte
SAME 4
th
th
He is
dress, and when he took the floc
ti tion.
tinnoasly heid the posit
partment of Agriculture, is except
more attention by the farmers in
1
i
hee
Frear will, if they are
travagantly using lime.
The local talent th
tute of pra tical va
full of valuable inf
ers in Cantre county
farmers and point
Jowed : show where
farmer who app
not the most despi
kind.
J. J. Arney, th> |
part of the work i:
publicmeetings depan i
chair was equal to all emer
James A. Keller, the
gentleman who wel
vadia, performed hi
y
i
31g ob i
was from the heart
Hall.
R. L. Beardslee:
a poor farm.”
remarks upon actual in
Bradford county on this subject, and
nfter highly complimenting this sec-
tion of country on account of its splen-
didly organized Grange,
The first fault with most is
that they raise too much wheat, at the
expense of the fertility of the soil. An
natidote was deep fall plowing where
the soil wassaitable and aul the ma-
nure from the barn yard as soon as
possible throughout the entire year.
I'he key to the situation for improving
the poor farm is to drop wheat as the
looney crop; Keep cowsand plant fod-
der corn.
an
~ What to
The speaker based his
do with
experience
proce eded:
farmers
D. D. Royer: —**Success on the farm."
The speaker advocated the idea that
the young men should remain on the
farm. Farming is a science and must
be conducted on a busioess principle.
The mistress of the farm home has
mnuch to do with success on the farm.
ood seed is necessary to success on
the farm. Plow up to the fences: do
the farm work systematically; take
good care of implements; the farmer
should know when to buy and when
10 sell; he should have something to
sell every day. The farmer should
have a good knowledge of stock; serub
stock should be discarded and the herd
graded up. Good farm literature
should find its way iuto every farm |
home. Failures can not always be at-
tributed to mismanagement, Too
Juany begin with too little capital. To
conduct a farm successfully one must
have brains, capital and muscle,
Prof. Heiges:—" Diversified farm-
ing.” Commenting upon previous dis-
cussions, the speaker said the joint
worm and the Hessian fly should not
be confounded, and added that thor
ough cultivation and a rich =oil, aided
the wheat plant to recover from at-
tacks of its enemies. Tillage is fertili-
ty, he said, and that point should con-
stantly be born in mind.
The farmer should manufacture his
products as nearly as possible into the
finished product, Do not sell the corn
fodder, and thereby rob your farm; turn
it into milk and the milk into butter,
‘When you sell a ton of milk you sell
$2.00 worth of ‘ertility from your soil;
when you sell a ton of butter but thir.
ty-six cents are (aken from the soil's
fertility.
The speaker favored a more general
growiog of fruit, Kvery farmer should
study the conditions that surround
* him. If away from railroads, perisha
“ble fruit should not be selected, but
‘those that can be marketed at any
time, Apples, for instance, can be
and sold when the market is best.
ng all his travels as a pomologist
he National Department of Agri-
LM
ot
a
INSTITUTE.
) raespaat.
i
bat the
1 11 avaly
from turning out, after-
It was an audience
pil
IrAY
Hevs, I
3 in i
Ms, Sat prongat
y to institute work.
B. Heiges
vast experience in agriculture, not
i
i
seal] stones h yea
well, SCHL { il JOKE
Bt
i
In short, Prof.
ds
i
PAO
subjects
Ron th
DY Nis presence
1, 1 4 aj
b
iriners
wpointment of Governor
wri
4 National Congress,
¥
Oi
©
¥
”
-
iin waernors of the state has con-
r
-
a man of pleasant bearing and
Was given the closest attention.
+
ionally well ¢ ited for insti
in
i subject thal is 1. I more and
this loealitv,
The remarks by Dr.
i
re the method
} 1. ! 3 *s
nuch to make the insti.
05 re
hii
F 161
i
1
1
i farmer? He is in touch with the
than any other elass of men,
Rev. A. A. Black:
| the young men from
~The way todrive
the farm
of everything;
:
|
|
i is
give them the poorest
{dark side of farm life to him: make
| him believe that he has more taxes to
i
pay than all other classes; that farm
3
{ world to raise a boy or girl.
| Becretary Martin: —The Agricultural
| ple in the country. This
| will do mush to elevate these young
| people, and aid in makiog them real-
| ize their high standing among their
{ fellow men.
Heury Duck, Esq.: "Leaks on the
| farm.”
{throttle to the engine which drives the
| world.
| Waste is loss without equivalent gain,
He is free and independent,
{ and maybe property, time, labor, words
and the like. One ti
| wastes on the farm manure,
many ways;
barn yard aod watering place:
i 4 "
{ open barn yards, by leaching, especial
i
sles
it
the
Fre i
of
n ®ni
on
is
| wasted in
belween
10 jarge
i
| ed. i
| by permitting large quantities
Another way manure is wasted is
i
{1
3 i
Tal
{ of the wagons when hauling it to th
fields,
o
Next comes the waste of land
i
wing
{ one side on pulic road, and divide
six felds,
it~
‘to with a lane le
ti
that the
up 1s
nan -
!
i
fencing, which at fifty ce
will cost
pied. This item makes a heavy drain
| on the resources of the | y. 1}
iar:
Waste
RE
per rod
$385 50, besid 2s the laod occu
A
1
Si
a
portable fence. Next comes
Buildings should be convenis
Waste of i
Lack of judgment in formnin
particu
¥
#131
ly located. feed is another
item,
£
f:
i gnod balanced ration for a
Young stock must be
for N ev
the elements to help wear
farm implements.
purpose,
growta; cows miik,
r aiiow
oul your
1'oo close grazing i
not see a more desirable apple bed than
Tyrone snd Nittany
Referring to peaches, the
there belt
must be discovered by
betwesn
jles
Mountain.
said, is
speaker a
where, which
observation, on mountain sides where
peaches would not be injured from
fed mercury did not fall be-
A
more
frost, provi
low cleven degrees below zero.
western would produce
highly colored fruit.
slope
Fungus diseases are more
The
Diseases:
common during the wet season.
spores must be combatted.
raise the best fruit, spraying must be
resorted to.
a spore. This spore comes from the
there to the fruit,
caterpillars: Along during September
and October the female caterpillar » ill
ay her eggs, 200 to 300, and cover them
with an excretion resembling varnish.
This should be removed by cutting off
the twig and burned.
B. F. Homan: -"Soiling.” Fifty to
one hundred per cent, more cows could
be kept on the farm if soiling were
practiced, besides the flies and hot sun
would be avoided by the cattle if fed
in this way. Cattle usually are turned
out early in the morning and remain
away from water for ten or twelve
hours. By soiling much labor and ex-
pense could be save Lin building fences
and the voidings of cattle better cared
for. Feed could be preserved until the
time when it 1s most needed,
J. 8. Burns: ~The farmer and his
wife," was the topic which Me Burns
discussed by relating a series of comic
incidents,
The music furnished by Prof. E, W.
Crawford and a number of singers from
various sections was excellent. The
solos by Ezra Tressler, of Linden Hall,
brought the hands of the audience to-
gether with a vengeance,
A. N. Corman: —''How to keep the
‘bright young men on the farm.”
| Much of the drudge of farm life is caus-
ed by the lack of knowledge of the
farm and stock. There is no occupa
| tion which needs brighter young men
| than the farm, and there is no place
| that affords better opportunities to the
‘average industrious young man. There
| Is too much of the spirit of master and
| servant with most fathers on the farm;
there should be co-partnership, Give
| the young man a share in the stock;
or a plece of ground, and leave him
make out of it what he can. Farmi og
Is no mean work; it is ennobling. All
occupations and professions require
work, activity. The man who will not
work will not be happy. What can
be more pleasing than, by the aid of
providenve; to vue Wie peed to pprout
of With
and many more wastes not
| the soil humus,
mention
ed, the farmer is the greatest producer
of wealth and feeds sll mankiod,
SATURDAY
Question: nul
|
s A i
‘should r @
per hav
J. J. Arte 3
Beards.
the
elephone
i
aia
telephone in the house,
Of eourse, if he can afford
-In the eastern part
5
it.
f
oe of slate
1
i
{ Hes
armers erect private
and are thus connected with
ae out.
i side worid.
Beardslee:
lage.
ed, enables the dairyman to
silo and si-
Fodder corn,
The corn crop, if properly stor
)
HAVE EBs
‘duriog the winter months prevail
{io June. The old way of farming corn
aw
| too much work to raise corn, husk it
.
ten inches apart in the row, |
forty inches apart. To plant
detrimental. The corn plant needs
light to enable it to store up sugar. [If
you do not have s silo, cut your corn
when glazing, throw it on buoches
and after a few days’ wilting, put in
large shocks and tie at top. When
seasoned, haul it to the barn and stand
I FTows
closer is
ed, a few days in advance, soit wil
have time to ferment.
Mrs. Frank Brown: —'"The benefits
of organization.” She paid a bigh
trons of Husbandry, telling of the mar-
velous growth and great benefit to the
farming classes,
W. M. Grove, E«q.:—Line fences
The law on fences was quoted, and it
was made plain that every one must
care for his own stock. The only fence
required by law was where improved
properties join. He also related the
methods to pursue where it was neces.
sary to call upon the auditors as view-
ers. The only way to escape building
strip into common along the line fence.
Prof. Heiges:—' "Treatment of unpro-
ductive apple orchards.” There is no
reason why (barring two conditions)
an orchard should not bear every year.
The conditions are these: If the frost
does not kill the pistils and the wet
weather does not drown the pollen.
Since 15882, he said, but two crops of ap-
ples were lost in his orchards. The
*'off year'' of the orchard is caused by
the soil not having sufMelent available
fertility to produce a crop; second, over
bearing. The potash necessary to
growing fruit has largely been exhatst-
ed by the previous growth of far
crops. The apple tree sets fruit on spurs
on wood two or more years old.
These spurs may be clipped oft with
pruning shears to thin the fruit.
The general rule of farmers Is to farm
the orchard like 8 of the
&
a Is plowed,
| plow the soil will destroy these roots,
which will prove detrimental to the
trees, Use a spike tooth harrow, and
scarify thoroughly. In regularly cul:
shallow cultivation. If your apple
{es of wood every year, the soil is want-
i Barn yard manure
will supply this, and should bs ap-
plied outside the radius iudicated by
{the branches of the tree, because that
is he water falls and this
carry the fertility iuto the soil and
ithe roots. Fertilizers should
Ir
| have an excess of growth of wood, it
will be brittle aod brash. This
| tion prevails where there is
t
where t will
to
“p-
apple trees
be
your
| plied in the full.
condi.
an excess
of nitrogen. This may be checked by
sowing a ‘robber’ crop of oats which
grows during the six weeks in which
j tite the apple tree makes its entire de-
velopment, outside the fruit, Potash,
phosphor
1
3
ed to devel
Fsual-
ly there is a sullicient quantity of lime
ip 6% crop of apples
p p of apples.
in the soil. 50
L.
| mnuriate of potash and 800 lbs,
The apple seed is per
The proportion of 400 lbs.
Nouth
feent. lime,
SAT
Dr. F
Ibe soil is made up of many materials,
RD Al
“Lime
AY FTEBRNOON,
rear and its uses.”
balanced
The
in many
{ The food appited must be
{the pliant,
fiitrogen
supply in the soil cases is rel
alively {oo large fo devel.
r the perfect
opment of a plant. The soll contains
a very uneq
ces: Phosphoric acid, potash, nitrogen,
Hime, Lime trails
i
way behind io neces.
silty, he common expression i
of
fac
iitne,
plenty lime we
Ihe ’
is, few
very
Does
v
Hg ine
N
no p
fs
idl
besides lime ? Oo,
te
ime
wphorie acid,
ie
il
£ i
nree nun G anaivees of
it a slight
id,
nu
per cent. of phos.
pho
I'he largest per cent, was
abou hh phosphoric acid in a
ton of im
hospbate,
6 two uses—mechanical and |
It the |
; changes the |
0;
#
Mechanie
wird it
makes
1 puts
for 7,
er 4 iO
the soll warm-
will
Too much
30 that rools be |
al » Deller,
lime proves detriment-
ul
Chem Lime sets loose
pot- i
Lime
quicker |
is set free.
it
ash: r meld
used on brings into
available condition.
Take
mix with
in
moisten
How to test seid soils, about
two oupces of soil, rain
V shape. |
with
wa
pre
Take litmus pape
#8, Open
»
iy
rain |
water, insert it into the soil opening, |
If the paper
is colored red, the soil is acid, and will
The
test for acid
litmus paper.; The quantity of lime
necessary varies with localities, ordi- |
narily twenty-five bushels will answer.
Frauk Bowersox, of Rock Bprings,
| gave his experience with lime. With
him it worked wonders, and no doubt
Mr. Bowersox set a |
good ex auple to iastitute speakers,
. i
He began on the sui jet and was on :
iular element.
| the subject when be quit talking, in-|
| stead of baviog an elaborate introduce :
tory, a story for a fluish, and no infor. |
i mation in the mriddie,
: Prof. Heiges: Is there
| perceptible waste in lime if it is allow.
ed to remain in the stack ond slake
from rain and exposure? Certainly: a
great lose; the chemical condition is
i changed.
J. A. Bankey:-Dairy Cattle, The
| first question is 10 know what is want-
led, and then go to work and breed it
aud stick to it. He described an ideal
dairy cow, and spoke of the proper
feeding of the call that is to become
the future dairy cow. The ndvantages
of dairying with reference to improve.
ment of the soil, owing to the fact that
so little fertility was sold, when the
farm crops were manufactured into
butter, were also developed.
Prof. Heiges: "Poultry for profit.’
Great ns the poultry industry is, we
have never produced enough eggs. Eggs’
are used largely in photographic ope-
rations, and in other mechanical ways,
For food alone, the imports from Italy
are large. Roosts should be placed on
a level, and vot on an ipeline, A bath
tub should be provided, by pulverizing
soil from un lime hill, When cholera
attacks the fowls, pour a half cup of
earbolie acid on this dust, and it will
work wonders. The hens should also
have a serateh pen, well bedded with
leaves, chail, straw or cut hay. Make
the hen’s condition in the winter as
near as possible to thuse of the summer
months,
wpped corn, equal
weights, mixed in cold water in sum-
an excellent feed,
noot; corn at furnishes
In very cold weather warm the
Keep several of
correct
night: corn
heat,
corn. CATs
to
acidity of the stomach ; feed vegetables
corn before the hens, the
sugar beets, ensilage, cabbage, ete,
¥
BATURDAY EVE?
Prof. C. R. Nefl:—Care
lands, One of the problems
Europe is the conservation
One of the
land was secured from Wm. Penn was
NCE.
of
timber
great of
of timber
which
conditions under
that one-fifth should not be
its timber. The ruthless, wasteful cut-
the
Hieasures
ting of timber has stirred govern-
to care
The re-
quired board feet of timber in the
U forty per
Ihe object is not to prevent the
t
%
ment to take some
for the forests in this country,
NS. Is
billions Year,
cuts
| ting of timber, but the presen
Prof. Nef! had
lent pager on forestry,
Wis {ee
{ ful cutting, excel
time did
not permit him to finish his subject,
an
but
Misses Grace jartholo-
mew and Florence Rhone recited in an
joo, Anna
They were lustily
applauded, and brought forth many
r
complimentary remarks on the part of
the audience,
D. RB. Wilson:
eighths of the farmers of Centre coun-
Poor but
you must
“Dairying.” Beven-
ty are dairymen,
ter will
sell al a profit make a
Cifise arti
ciean; deal
i »
ast
fairly
i
FMM
LOO
used,
niake
be
of poor milk will injur
y good milk mu
“ai
i
é
put of
'
patron injures not
il a day; thu
Oy
others.
any Both quality
Are necess
Ary
it to the creamery.
The,
fe
creamery has dot
( farmers,
around standard o
rity of
ightened the |
ler which the
It is
’
Led
tae prospe
Fab
ili
ering.
ry
Healne is ¢
f
i
you depends upon wha
3 i i
v
i"
{oes
do for it.
ID.
time has come when nature stu iy
K. Keller:
a
if he wishes to make a
The time is
agriculture will be taught in
occu pation, near when
the rural
first slep
Nature study is the
3
in that direction. The leaflets are
Coi
and as
js.
sued by the Pennsylvania State
lege under Prof. G. C. Watson
sistants, and cau be had by all teach-
A
*
i
t the
Lite
the is discussed
should be exhibited.
jects presented are cabbage-butterfly,
clothes moth, spider, potato beetle,
worm. There
no problem so difficult for the agricul
turalist to solve as the economic rela-
tion of insects. It is well therefore for
children to become acquainted with
the life history of insects so that they
may have an intelligent Koowledge of
those insects which are injurious and
an appreciation of those which are bene- |
ficial. $400,000,000 worth of agricultural
subject specimens
Some of the sub-
is
products are annually destroyed by in-
sects, The coddling moth in one state
Uhre leat] sts will |
urge
record |
awaken an lulerest ia children:
correcily.
Among many
farmers who attended
were the following:
College township—iiram Thomp-
son, W. E. Tate, Wm. Everhart, Jas.
Everhart,
Harris—~Frank McFarlane,
Mothersbaugh, HH. E. Homan, J. H.
Lonberger, Frank Brown, Joaathan
Tressler, Henry Potter, Samuel Brown
Penn—Christ Alexander, Jacob Ker
stetter, Aaron Ulrich.
other representative
the institute |
Owen
Miles—~Joseph Meyer,
Gregg—Emanuel Zeigler, Robert
Musser, Win. Goodhart, David Bart
gos, Ulrich,
Spring--Perry Gentzel,
Brooks,
Ferguson-—Harrison Bloom.
A
Linden Hall.
Lloyd Brown and family spent Sun.
day with friendsat Centre Hall
Mrs. Loneberger, of the Wayside
Inn, is housed up with grip.
Mrs. Wm. Btover, of Boalsburg, vis
ited friends at this place this week,
Will Felding left for Philadelphia
this week, where he has been employ-
ed for some time. Will is industrious,
and deserves success,
Richard
the bones in one of his legs broken
Proyer feeding: Cora ls not an egg
NO. 2.
TOWN AND COUNTY NEWS.
HAPPENINGS. OF LOCAL INTEREST
FROM ALL PARTS,
Bee Grant Hoover before you insure,
10 select
It is important
F ofllcers.
good
local
Claud Stahl,
on the sick list,
son of James Stahl, is
Ex-Governor Jas
in dead,
It Is 3785
$d
aes Mount,
of
| Indiana,
i
feet from the railro: i
“
sla.
tion to the postoflice
H: ic I} }
BIC IVORR, Lhe success
¢ icles y
of Linden Hall, was »
week,
Mrs.
ful
een in
merchant,
lown last
F.
turned from an extended v
0. Bairfoot last
isa
ia.
-
i f
ved into the Old Fo
Thursday
ude ip
> .} ’
> Laffer,
int
ray '® dr 1 store.
h a de
Helen 8
John Breon, west «
wort ir
worl lar,
4
Breon, tla
littl
{ town. i
iii with lung fever.
I'bomas Bennage is pro
L came to his house
little fellow, indeed.
ev. Warden is holding
jor
ANE
ings in the Reformed and
anion church at Tussevville
received a car
s 3
the
suits, from cheap-
ollshed quartered oak, on which
i.
Lely Competition.
chiurch at this place.
J. M. Rearick Sunday
A
" Yat }
= thal he
wou it
Lhe
hings about M
r £4
bepub
campaign.
Homer Harry,
veen in the hosp
wi hi
Wi {
ng from the eflec
which befell him while
ir Reber
i$ not recovering as rapidly as was re-
woods near his honie, ne
ported some time ago.
Mrs, Maggie Heas wife of
Hess Mills,
a very painful accident
Newton
th
her home,
She was passing the stove whe ni
of Pine Grove met wi
“al
Virsa
r
limbs and
a
sel of boiling water was turaed
on ber, scalding ber lower
feet very badly,
’
Mrs. Mary Ward, of
Mills, mother of Dr. JI.
this place, says the
OVE
Pine Grove
E. Ward of
Bellefonte Daily
News, narrowly escaped choking to
ment released it.
Rev. D. J. Mitterling, well known
to Centre county people, writes from
Quincey, Michigan: Inclosed find P.
commencing with your assumption of
The Reporter has been a
I think since I resched sixteen years
W. M. Kooffsinger reports great sc-
tivity in Greens Valley. Paper wood,
match wood, and timber of all descrip-
tious, is being cut and hauled to mar.
ket. Mr. Bwartz is conducting the
match wood operations. The wood is
of fine quality and used by the Belle-
fonte maton factory. Mr. Kuooffsinger
stated that George Horver is the
banner paper wood hauler, having fill
ed a car of ten cords on seven loads, as
returned by the Lock Haven paper
mill.
*
K. H. Stover, the former railroad
agent at Paddy Mountain, was recente
ly transferred to the Mifflinburg sta.
tion, which he will be able to conduct
in the best possible manner. Paddy
Mountain is the “High School” of the
Li. and T. railroad. It has turned out
some excellent graduates, and among
others are Messrs. Frank Bradford, at
Centre Hall; A. N. Bitner, Pine,
Penn’a.; Philip Bradford, Linden
Hall, and now Mr. Stover. To be &
real good station agent a course at Pad-
dy Mountain is necessary, J. B. Wag-
ver, who so ably filled lerkship at