CHINA'S MILITARY POWER. WIDELY DIVIDED CONTROL. The Descendants of the Manchu Con. querors and Their Allies Are Hereditary | Warriors. and All Recruits from This | Class Creat Arsenals Where Useless | War Material is Made. The war news {rom China bas creat ed much interest in the Chinese army, | and the reports to the effect that tae Boxer mobs cannot be suppressed have | caused many how and of what material the Chinese regu- | lar army is composed. In this as in many other things Chinese have not | kept up with other nations, and thelr | deficiency was clearly demonstrated | during the Chino-Japanese War. But | the warning was not sufficiently heed ed, and the improvements which have | been made in the army since then were | not sufficient to bring the military up | 10 the point where it should be for the | protection of the country. Althongh | there are two armies, neither of these | is known as the Imperial Army. There | is an army for each province. This body, known as the of Eight | Banpers, contains nominally about! three hundred thousand men, who are descendants of the Manchu grnquerors and their allies. Of these about eighty thousand are maiantain~d on a war foo! ing, and are divided into three groups, | Mongols, Chinese and Manchus, aod | form an hereditary profession within | which intermarriage Of these hereditary soldiers about four | thousand are usually at Peking as an Imperial Guard The national army called Ying Ping. This body is known also as the | “Green Flags” and the it being divided into five distinct readers to wonder Army is compulsory, stationed is “Five Camps,” parts This army is subdivided into eighteen | corps. one for province, and is under the immediate command of the The | nominal strength of this national army fs about gix hundred thousand, but of hundred The al each Governor-General or Viceroy this nubber only about two thousand are Tien-Tsin army and has about thirty available for war the most five ind oy corps is portant thou sand men. foreign officers, and have modern arms amd do and These have been dr and garrison police duty. The “mercenary troops” play an portant part in the Chinese system. hey are ralsed in emergen cles. Then are Mongolian cavalry and other sumbering about which bave been described by foreign observers as no military value.” The total land army on a peace foot ing Is estimated at three hundred thou- sapd men, and on a war footing at | about one million: but the army as a | whole, according to the same author- | ity, has po unity or cohesion: there is the drill is mere | | i i equipment, m military there the irregular cavalry. twenty thousand, “of no proper discipline; physical exercise; the weapons are long since and port, commissariat or medical But the various provinces spend is no traus- ROTrvice, ohsolete, there much money for army purposes, and maintain great arsenals where war mate; the shape of guns and ammunition is made and stored The arsenal at Shan in antique and slipshod This large place is under the provine government of the Viceroy of Nanking, and is full of modern tools and machin ery, and material of every de. scription. The arsenal is in every re spect a well equipped and perfectly furnished modern iastitution in order, and If organized under pean control, Lord Beresford could supply war material whole military forces of China. It was organized by Eurepeans and is pow (in charge of two Englishmen. The ma. chinery ot this arsenal! is adequate for the manufacture of all calibres up to 12-inch fifty-ton pieces Besides this arsenal there are similar institutions at Tien Tein, Nanking Hankow, Foo-Choo, Canton and Ching Tu. The arsenal at Tien -Tsin nn- der the provincial government of the Viceroy of Chi-Li. It ix well supplied with everything in the way and machinery. and has spare room enough for a plant to supply the whole Chinese army, The plant is in charge of a British subject, but the actual head is a Chinese official, whose salary is 150 taels—abonut $100--a month. A similar position in Englsod or Amer. ica wonld, according to the report of a European visitor, be worth at least $10,000 a year. The mint, with a capacity for mak- | fog 15,000 dolisrs a day, is in this arsenal, There also is the naval school, | the Annapolis of China. This school | has sixty students, sons of noblemen, | between the ages of sixteen and twen. | ty, who remain at the school five years | and Alien are placed on a training ship | for Curther instruction. At this school all the pupils are taught English. Next door to the Naval Academy Is another school with accommodations for thirty, where young men receive instruction in the Russian language, with a view | to becoming Russian Interpreters, The money for the maintenance of this school is provided by the Peking gov. ernment. At the Nanking arsenal there are no al in ghal seems to be | out of place connection with the | Chines army al stores good Euro thinks, for 3 the is of tools Furopean employees, and although the machinery Is modern it is used In wae manufacture of useless war material, ‘he Chinese authorities at this place showed the English visitors with great pleasure and pride a weapon from through “It was heartbreaking,” sald the Eng. lish visitor,” “to see both officials and workmen taking pleasure and using diligence in the manufacture of costly but absolutely useless war material” The arsenal at Hankow turns out eight thousand Maunser rides a There also much time and money about year, are used in the manufacture of useless war material, At the Foo-Choo arsenal hyard, and the whole of a Waste of money be. there Is also a do plant under Manchn general, cause of ignorance as to modern meth. of manufacture is the sole charge ods Is as appareuat at Poo-Chioo as at the other arsenals, An old powder factory is one of the features of the Canton arsenal, There rifle factory there aud a has been completes] recently for is a also, plant making smokeless powder, pacity of 90,000 pounds a y York with a «a MC. NOW Tribune, A RRACTICAL DEFINITION. The Great Difficulty of Defining * Insanity” in Words. Safeguard at? “How One's Nanity article in M. Buckley, In it he gives a practica io the Cen PD. D. i detl- tur I.L. nition by the Rev, J, I. of the word insanity In childhood there called at our family residence a gentleman ny w hose re. ception as a person of distinction, and tiention, After a while he beckoned me to his ssfale, is lawns, fine old trees and streams, bis horses and hunting-dogs, the spacious halls of the maosion adorned hy works uf and his songbirds from every to spend a month ny. He his strangely Af art art lime, and invited me with him, promising me a D thew a spell over me by expressive aye and glowing wvords ter he had gone | said to my mo TiN WN onder “When may | go to see ful things and get the pony She ‘Never, a. The At added, answered sadly my MY regres! He is Innatic.” 71 nys gradually or poor man Is derang~d."” for an explanation, she is crazy, a fee tory but was not dispelled, the memory of the locident was o laid by boyish sports aod stndies Three years afterward was opensd the great Hospital for the [nsage orect hie State of New Jersey at Tren In company with relatives, 1 was i by ton conducted through a ward, and looked curiously upon abwtractedly gazing, talking at random, mbaaiug as if In grief or pain, or laugbiog for no apparent reason. Passing along corridor, suddeniy 1 fore me, addressing an dience, stood the man who ed me. No one listen>l to as we approached, an attendant iad Lim to his which came wordse Mortal persons trembled maginary ‘Harm and. pad Sain room, from the “1 am God! before me!” instant 1 pen, bow down in tas that saw what It is to enated No di “insane.” “deranged. al “crazy.” “mad,” “a lunatic.” tionary was necessary. then 1 anrved of management of such Since have mm hoards petitions, ‘0 cluding that in which this scene o curred. have attended tures on the subject, and consulted the courses of low heat authorities, and [ do not wonder that none of the teabers of my