FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.
INTEREST ON AGRICUL-
TURAL TOPICS,
NOTES OF
Cather First Run Sap--Tin Cans in the
Garden--Exercise is Necessary for Cows
~.Look For the Oyster Shell Scales
Ete, Etc
Cather the First Run of Sap.
As soon fs sufficient sap has run, the
zathering is commenced, for the quick
sr it ean be converted into syrup after
leaving the tree the better. It is just
as possible to make choice sugar or
syrup from oll sap as it is to make
fancy cheese from tainted milk. In
order to remove all foreign substances
the sap is strained three times before
reaching the fire. Ohio Experience.
Tin Cans in the Carden
in early gardening old tin cans come
: They should be melted |
string or |
box
very handy.
apart and held together by a
ord fastening. Take a shallow
about six inches deep, and set as many
rans in as possible, then fill each with |
rich soil. When time to plant, place
the box in a warm place and plant the
When it is time to
your house-grown
plants in the garden, make holes in
your beds to the depth of the e¢ans,
Place the cans in these holes and cut
ihe string. Fill in around it with loose
dirt, spread the efin a litttle and slip it}
yut over the plant without disturbing |
ihe roots. Pants set out in this way |
will not suffer from transplanting. The
cans used/one season can be laid away
for the pext.
weeds in the cans.
transplant
or set
|
Exercise Necessary for Cows.
Aecording to an authority, the tuber-
edie bacillus is generally taken into the |
animal system through inhalation and |
finds lodgment in the throat and langs.
A moderate amount will |
frequently such action of the]
Inngs as to distroy the gern when, if
allowed to remain quiet, even in < well. |
ventilated stable, the same germ would |
grow and and tuber
vulosis, because was no impedi
ment to its developement. The
will stand feeding with
danger to the mammary lands if
onable exerci
of exer ise
Cause
develop Cause
there
COW |
higher
less
reas
se is given.
Look Out for the Oyster Shell Scale.
The oyster-shell scale has been very
injurious in some orchards All scales
through transformation
from the egg to maturity, and there ¢
aften vast differences between
oales and females, The
<cale can be discovered from others hy
te great length in proportion to its
width. The minute eggs batch into
running larvae, whieh, if females, soon
form scales under which they are
manently fixed. In this position they
injure the trees by sucking the sap.
The best remedy is spraying with ker
ouine emulsion about the last of May
and again early in June,
pass great
the
oyster-shell
per
Testing Seed Before Planting.
One thing the farmer and gardener
should neglect, to thoroughly
test all seed planting. This
should be done a month or before
panting time. A large shallow box
filled with soil will be sufficient room
for testing all the seed put in on the
average farm. Select the seed promis
cuously from: the bulk, carefully count
ng each variety apd taking note of it.
Plant the seed the natural depth, and
set the box in a warm place, under the
kitehen stove being warm and out of
the way. During the day the box
should be set before a southern w indow
so ag to get the sun.
Ag soon as all the seed, or as many
as will sprout, are up, count the plants
and compare with the number of seed
planted. If justified in concluding that
the test has been fair in every way,
the plants can be pulled” up and de
stroyed and their room used in making |
tests of other seed.
By using this test box, much ium
amd labor will be 11!
your gced is useless you will know it
and purchase new and fertile seed. If
only half the seed germinate you will
know in what quanity to plant in order |
to have the plants the required thick
ness. It is but little trouble, and the |
inconvenience of having the box
around in the way will be more than |
counterbalanced by the knowledege |
gained. Knowing exactly what to ex- |
peet from the seed planted, will gave |
time for the farmer and gardener when
time is money to him. -Farm, Field |
and Fireside.
not is
before
“0
useless saved,
The Cow in Winter.
We have fed millet, hay and mangles
with good results, Mangles should be |
grown more for stock than they are.
They grow very large in a good season, |
and it is not much work to grow them. |
They should be planted in the spring, |
when the ground gets warm, in rows
far enough apart so that they may be |
cultivated with a horse and cultivator, |
states a writer in The Epitomist, They i
should be dug in the fall befor a hard |
freeze. If one makes a practice of |
growing roots for stock he should
make a good outdoor cellar, or pit, to
keep them in. He should also possess
a good root cutter, for it is a good deal
of work to cut roots with a knife,
Milch cows, when fed mangles, will
give more milk and make more butter
than when they are only fed hay. As
soon as cold storms begin to come the
sews should be provided with a shelter,
or there will be a shortage in their
milk. This means a great loss of
money, for it is a hard matter to re
store the usual flow when there has
Cows should milked regularly,
Milking later than usual, or perhaps,
skipping a milking entirely, will surely
dry up cows, and as I mentioned be
fore, it wil be almost impossible to get
them to give their usual quanity again
(f one wishes to make cows profitable,
he should use them with kindness, pro
vide good shelter, good feed and plenty
of water, have regular hours for milk
ing and feeding, and the cow should
po milked by the same person all the
time, If the are to start
with, and these rules followed
they will surely pay.
be
COWS SOO
are
—
Difficult Churning.
A correspondent wishes to Know Ww
“tive butter won't come.” He has
Jersey in May,
other in harvest time, He feeds good
hay twice a day, fodder once a day
and a ration of corn and
hs
Twi
cows, one fresh thie
good onts
chop twice a day. Keeps the cream in
in the
thermometer to insure SUCCess, but for |
the last two weeks can get no butter
after churning several hours there be
ing nothing in the churn but froth.
The trouble is the cream Is too vis
cid. There is a gummy product in il
bub |
bles. and also holds the butter globules |
go they are not impacted by the concus
Most of this is doubtless due t«
the
the
sion.
the
milk.
been giving
mixed
have
were
time
if
COWS
milk witl
ned and churn easler, Setting the pans |
on the until the milk begins
erinkle on top, then putting it in a cool |
place for the cream to rise,
times resorted to. Skimming
stove
SOI
the
is
off
i
thoroughly agitating it and letting the
cream rise again takes out much of the
material, Feeding bran
stend of corn and oats has also helped
Using a seperator and re
in
such cases,
moving the gummy product by foree |
is of course the way where the dairy |
is large enough to warrant the exXpens
but in this case the other expedients
be tried. The difficulty
cows are fresh again |
must will dis
he
appear when t
at a higher temperature than the usual
degree. This cause
grain
a poorer body of
ttle off in body Is
It
veral degrees warm
4
but butter a li
= than no butter. may be nec
to churn s«¢
n with milk from fresh cows
ered
il
in American Agriculturall
Varieties of Corn.
indian corn
this country, the wide reg
: fey ix fe
fs exclusively
which it is adapted has modified
there
are man)
All of them probably or
i )
teristics so that
st ios
ated in that curious product, the
which each seed is
This
curiosity,
husk corn, in
closed in a pod. variety is now |
only known though
served a
Aas
a
valuable purpose in presery
+ single grains from destruction |
the proper time came fot them
in
New
ETOW our Northern States,
ially in England, what is
both swwet corn and popoort |
1 Wi poi
are grown to a considerable extent, an
for corn fodder the Western or South i
Dent preferred,
though late in ripening it yields mor
orm corn is boca gs
be got f
than g of
of the early varioties
tons per acre can
There is a wide
Wi
any
spread popular belief that Dent ©
having larger cars wil yield more thar |
the harder and early Flints. But it}
both are kept until spring the soft Den
variety does not look nearly so large as
it did while moist.
the
The census siatis
3
tics prove that largest yields of
tion near the northern limit of con
production, Vermont showing a large:
yield per acre than any of the Souther
States,
There is reason for this in the fac
that there is more sunlight betwee:
March 21 and September 21 the far
ther north go. Wherever there it
a season warm enongh to ripen cori
the more concentrated the heat Is the
better will be the crop, and the highe
the quality, All the hard grained varie
ties of corn, such as the Flint and pop
corn. originate in the north. The
make a richer and better meal than th
{
we
will keep with less difficulty withow
Continued inbreeding of corn, select
ing the seed. from stalks which bea
two or more large ears, will greatl)
increase the productivencss of an}
variety, This is yearly practiced by
many old farmers who leave part of
tw husk at the butt of the ear to braid
it torether. If hung in the smoke
house or beside an open chimney, sucl
corn will soon acquire a fine, nutt)
flator that makes it much more palata
The
squirrel, and also rats and mice, appre
ciate the best corn, and if put wu
where they can reach it they will ea
of the starchy portion, together witl
the bran or outer husk, This refus
corn, after the germ is taken out, is
good for nothing except to make poo.
bog feed. Rats and mice soil the cor
as they eat into it, but the squirre
leaves the poorer portion uneaten with
out leaving his excrement upon it. Th
germ contains gluten and more of thy
phosphates than can be found in ang
other part of the corn plant, Ameri
can Cultivator,
During (he past season the visitor
to Abbotsford, Scotland, numbere
above 8.000, being nearly 1,000 mon
than last year,
A Liverpool physician has discovere:
pren a shrinkage.
the bacillus of pink-eye in horses.
EN.
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIVES MACNIFI
CENT SPECIMENS OF HUMANITY,
grown Children The Zulu's Remarkable
“Cape Smoke” Is,
there are
NDALIVEeS
Zambesi
have lived
will cheer
assert that
tribes of
Statisticians
1.151 distinctive
South Africa south of the
Most persons who
part of the world
River
in that
dialects and
differences aught. Rough
sriesses place the pumber of natives
2 (00.000 to 10,000,000, but, as
no one Knows
number.
due to the
natives,
if
count for
low the truth
at from
even
; This
of information | roy
ing propensities of tae Here
to-day, there (0-MoOrrow, it would take
a matter of fact
approximately
lack
their
i
i
them all down
Edgar Mels, formerly
the Johannesburg
now contributing this
other African articles to
Reientifie American; has
South African native,
to hunt
wi
lous
The
i ditor
iter
of
and
South
News
the
seen the
and
nt
iid
Ne
ivilized
has seen the native Lis best
untainted by the
ation and soiled by its
through it all
believed, and perhaps
that BRaflir,
Zulu or Basuto or Bechuana or
Matabeld any
him
few Ww
sifnte,
Fle
at
gel
his worst
touch of civ iliz
And
nl
whether
is
wWiys the
SBwazie
r Amatonga or or other
and bad
rds, the Ka
an
has good
Summed up In a
thir, in his villzed
overgrown child, with childish foibles
. ut let him learn
lization, let him realize
in him, let
1 stnte, Is
and shortcomings
ii
the evil there is him diseoy
er that a broad path leading
to destruction—and you will find a
fully civilized being, as capable in cer
the white
there is
mati.
Kaffir is
as is
It that
permitted to dwell
¥
is a fact where the
to warn him against |
nothing about,
ood Christian, even though
doctrinal disputes and
gher criticism. It
with
hus
mains a g
ance, none
vices Knows he re
§ 243d é
IR IENGUAaNL oF
equally a imbibes
knowl
and
hae he grossly
rl
3
4}
i Space prevent
thie % YE f the tative rs a dis
fies WTONEsS OF ii Dave, nul
and
taint
idiosyncrasies
blood
consumption in
iliarities. There Is nO
he Zulu
Matabel
int
wii untainted
with a
1
thane animal health and con
stitut 0 most cases) by
the average Kaffir is a
en of humanity
Zulu is totally unlike
a negro as we Know The
much
specim a
the
him
cle trausparent-—«o
rei blood can be
th it. That is the Zulu's
ill point to his
a purebred
of the an
other
geen
pride, He w
prove that he is
real Ethiopian
And it is with t
Hh
Zulu
BO he
Asx to the morality of the Kaffir
its proximity to civilization. The Zulu |
ix eminently virtuous, Infraction of the |
Then thelr heads are
crushed with another stone. Un the
other hand, the Hottentot, having been
a close companion of the white man, is
the most immoral and depraved hu- |
man being perhaps in existence. The |
Matabeles are moral, so are the Ba.
sutos and the Mashonas. The Be- |
chuanas are less so, and the Bushmen |
rank next to the despised Hottentols. |
That the latter are as bad as stated is |
evident when the Zulus will not work
in the same mine with one Dor sleep |
in the same room or graal. i
Nearly all the tribes, save the Hot-|
tontots and Bushmen, are cleanly, the |
Zulus particularly so. The Zulu goes |
in bathing twice a day. He cleanses |
his teeth with milk at sunrise and |
again at sunset,
All the tribes, even those partially |
civilized, believe in ghosts and spirits. |
Many worship the spirits of the de.
parted. Still others are fetish wor.
shipers,
The most advanced tribe Is the Ba-
suto nation, in which there are 50,000
Christians, with 144 schools, Strict as
are the laws against the indiscriminate
solling of liquors to natives, they are
yet able to obtain all they want. And
when their supply of ordinary rum and
whisky runs short, they manufacture
the notorious “Cape Smoke.” This ad.
diction to aleohol is the great curse
of the Rasutos, and, in fact, of every
other tribe.
Cape smoke must be tasted to be ap-
preciated-—provided the person thus ex-
perimenting survives, For be it known
that Cape Smoke consists of wood al
cohol, red pepper and sulphuric acid,
‘Tiris terrible concoction Is relished by
the Kafhrs as no European drink is
«they have pot yet been civilized up
to the level of the American “mixed
drink.”
But to return to the Basutos. For
more than 100 years this tribe has heen
undergoing a process of forcible elvil
ization. Good men and good women
have sacrificed their lives to the noble
Cane,
Just before the present war began
there was a gathering of Indunas, or
native priests, near the Free State bor
der. Thousands of “Christian” na-
tives attended, Two oxen were
brought into a rin
pose,
white,
other,
Boers
wild dances
g formed for the pur.
One of the animalg wis snow
representing the British, The
coal black, represented the
With welrd incantations and
these Christianized Basu
the oxen alive, The
succumbed after five hours of
the black one lived for
The
had
Moers
tos skinned poor
white
a day and a night,
“OChrnetinn’ Basutos
the the
inls
an
wold
the
rivl
win,
The Kaffir
what ix is. 1 have seen a Zulu's toe
crushed by a rock. Calmly he cut the
injured member off, tied the wound np
with a tag. and then as calmly
sumed work. This stoleism it
thie Kafli
oracle
gloie With him,
is Af
re
that
formidable
in
makes such a
foe,
The
power
native does not know his
due to numerical superiority.
Arm him with modern weapons and
ou build a Frankenstein, who will
rove as terrible a conundrum as Mrs.
Shelley's monster, For despite
schooling and Christianizing and civ
12104, thi
to
awn
y
P
his
il-
Kaflir remains a Kaffir, un
forget wrongs, and held
in leash only through fear of the white
man's death-dealing
Basutoland, while nominally indepen
dent, is vet It is
coverned by a high commissioner, who
ruled by ti
Colony. The
all disputes
an appeal «
able his
WOAPONE,
a British colony.
in turn is
Can
thie 31
governor
native chiefs ad
judicate between
In
where cases Ie
natives,
although an taken to
the
TW
magiastrate’s court,
tl The
derived from the OC
whites are tric
i
ure ape (Colony con
native hut tax
Whites
and every
keep
the n
wile of loeenses,
in Basutol
possible HE
The land belongs to
the unutilized soil is allotted
householders for grazing purposcs, Th
allots fields to each householder,
sell the land, but
got it his death
and
in
not wanted
thing
done them
Ont fnlives
who
de
cannot whose
scendants on Rov.
the na
called
fro
a national assembly
the pitso. Here any native can
ont tal
n take refuge behind his
member of
uto parlinment
thint
married
interest
will
Ave
that hi
bachelors is
a band drawn around their hair, whil
tho
se still in singh wit}
this en
ald.
ont shen
Her
“The Course of True Love.”
sor Youn
HE young
» work for her
ox in Detr
I'he
young
of
But
ud and
and
narrelied
other
q recon.
ciliation is
He
ago to
called at the house a few
old gentieman
When the
3
passing ti
wee Tim On
ss of cours: bell rang
tant business,
personal
and he turned abruptly
leg pardon, sir; who sbal
called?’
ie
rr. She fory
before going
clear around
belt line before he
grunted made ot :
to “frizle” her
card party, and
the railway
noticed that he had
Detroit Froe
no
RWE nar
hie
rile wireet
own office
Press,
Antogie Maceo's Skull.
The Revista de
of Havana publishes an “anthropolog
jeal study.” by Dr. Montoalve, Dr. de
la Torre and Dr. Montane, of the skull
Medicina ¥ Circugia
The most noteworthy point is the
istence of an interparietal, or, it
termed, an “inca” bone,
from the theory that it was unive real
ex
as i%
sometimes
This, however, was shown
ter examining many thousands of
skulls in various museums he found
the bone in only 0.8 per cent. in Peru
vians, in 1.5 per cent in negroes, and
Maceo
of of The
CONrse, mixed race.
and indicate a man of remarkable ca
pacity, The rest of the skeleton in
clines more to the negroe type and
shows that he must have been a mar
of herculean strength. — London Lancet
ip AAO 0
To Have Baths in the Schools.
An experiment is soon to be tried by
the Committee on Buildings of the
Manhattan School Board. [It consists
of providing shower baths in the public
schools, and is a scheme which Com:
missioner O'Brien hax been pushing
for some time. The experiment will be
tried first in a few schools on the low-
or Bast Side, apd the plan to be adopt-
od, it Is said, will be most effective,
and yet cost a modernte amount.
Portions of the playgrounds will be
curtained off, and this space will serve
for "he dressing rooms and baths,
which will be entirely of the needle.de.
geription, These, it is believed, give
botter sanitary effects than the ordi-
nary showers, The city will fornish
hot and cold water, but the children
must bring thelr own towels.—New
York Tribune.
Oats, barley and rye originated in
the wild forms along the Mediterra-
pean. The first noted species of wheat
were brought from Persia,
The Evil Common Among the Rousiabouls
and Spreading Fast.
The troubles
have
which gteambond
been having
roustabonts
the
men
ore
by
among the Negroes,
with thei
hinve been Ineress
hu
ip
the spread of the cocaine ik
When the
habit found its way among the ne
i
FrOMR
ix impossible to say but it Ig How
the favorite mode hy
It is
Negroes,
which they seek
forgetfulness. ax confined
but
hive expressed
the drag In
Orleans before it reaches
Whiskex
but tral
more ily
of
composed of coenine
yet
0 the eity some of the
planters 1h
$1
New
ion
tlie hog
Hee of birch 1
plantations,
enough, they say, in it
be controlled fa
purchase and
The tablets
and phenacetine in about equal propor
tions,
Cas than the
shi le cocaine tablets
ire
Some chemical genius discos
ered that phenacetin
fects of
cheaper drug, i
for the
roustabout hag swallowed on
tablets, lie
of the
prolongs the ef
it Is a much
ix used as adulter
cocaine and as
nn
When a ne
of
ant cocaine,
seeks the most
part boat upon whi
shipped, and, hiding himself among
down and enjoys 1!
t that the drug
Hik«
H (Uw
that of opium only
more a restful, sleeps
little
happy
will probably keep on swnllow
until
For a while the cocaine
ns ag a mortal can Ix
the mate comes
roti
aroun
among the cotton bales and a
t strong and effective antidote w
hickory stick which is his
thority This continues throughon
of tablets holds
has ran out
the
cocaine Os
he » il
other ‘rosters’
The evil has steadily
number
grown
of
an
rng stores
A)
1
nse busin
cocaine, 8
AVETrase Deg
and puis dow
withom
2 box of cocaine
3
i
fey
wi
+ WADE
Torso 1
TUR
DOETOrS
Sympathy Between Birds
In th
otable oor
Professor A.
ituralist,
Zoological Garden a
= 1
nrrenoe took
Mins
plac
Exiwar
wil ness
pent n
sib ject of an
appeared
jonrnal
hen for
in 1
popularly
' dred
Two
a good v inmates of
be garden hese birds
known
though
the as
inry
are Japanes
nightingales, they are no
3 § yr
i in no
Wir song
way resembles that of the nightingale,
hey have red bills, orange breasts and
Their in In
China. The t birds in
until one day
hone is
wings.
in wo
and
inte their cage
One of
a gray cardinal got
and at once picked a quarrel,
sun birds lost almost all its feat!
and was grievousls wounded,
The tell
pled and unable to sit on the perch
Furthermore, its feathers being gone,
it suffered greatly from cold. Marvel
lous now was the sympathy manifested
by its companion. Every evening
gathered moss and bay, with which
it made a warm bed for the invalid
Every night it perched beside the suf
the
ers
creature found erip
poor
spread out to warm its companion as
much as possible,
wounded bird died. Therenpon
other literally grieved to death. It re.
fused to eat, and remained crouching
in the cage until it had joined its com-
panion.
The Sizes of Prancs.
Prunes are sold in three sizes. The
largest size is called the thirty to for
fics. This means that thirty to forty
medinm size is forty to fifty, and the
small size fifty to sixty. The largest
prunes are of course the most valuable.
The average price the growers get for
their prunes is three and three-fourth
cents a pound. An orchard of 250 trees
of $400 a year. An acre will grow
about one hundred trees, planted with
the proper distances between them.
The trees bear the third year after
planting, and live from ten to twenty
years, French prunes pay the best.
The Oldest Postmaster,
Roswell Beardsley, of North Lansing,
N. Y., lays claim to being the oldest
postmaster in the service of the United
States, ile was appointed in 1828 un-
fer the Administration of John Quincy
Adams, and his salary was then fixed
at the munificent sum of $12 a year
Since his appointment he has served
i He is ninety-one years
Shattered Diamonas.
srrnder certain conditions, which are
rire and remarkable,” said an old
Jeweller last evening, “a diamond may
1% by a smart, sid-
is.
ax nearly as |
Very
be shattered to aton
The
integrate and fiy apa
CAD cxXprosg if and when the Kimber
first the market
tiie Brazilian brokers claimed that thu
den blow, stone sects 10
Eels into
¥
Wore ¢
Wer f
Ee inlly subject to tl ind «
nat
Fot
aoeident, being the story
rade, but it wis
incident
of an
of nearly forty years 1 have
din
red
working
YO s i
and th
$hiee COUTREG
experienc
known of only two cuss if mounds
broken £14 i many
vhen 1 wa
old Hon
A lady custon
* brooch from } u r to the
na
in Chatia
dropped a
filed floor, a d
and a half feet
the centre
1 34
Anou
three
wauarely
on # broken
f
into a number of frag
regular
nd weighed
or instance
leans about
travelling
ditaire
the
was
1
top of
himself
I ever
AIMOIKMIN Were
had suppos
11
they
Times
Pearls of Great Price.
Five hundred ax
the pr
pearl
fifty thousand dol
lars was great
originally
and M.
Paris to
«i ¥ Aran £ the ex
pearl
said
Tavernier
avernd
the desert
Lire
JIress
Purposd the
thintit ¥ h s0 wmuci had Ix
“fi
any price,
hundred
ight that
bargains
twenty
viud to be
dol
that it
“Gs the
ROOWH,
th. oval
of England
and
vernment
$54
long,
=e
usand
———————
Educations! Advantages of Pets.
Board
Rescue
Bdward
every
w] with
purpose
i that si
feast Lis veran-
da ove the
peed «
animals
he
only
condition
living. It
at po philanthropist
yan to establish a rab
yn with each pulb-
dren 10
1 ‘hy
O18 S LAE
Hq
to crowded
said owned and
one a dog i
riba
as this
nement house
was his obin
could do better
bit in x
lie school
it ix net
3 » *
ther
on it!
farm nec
turties
to care for
in
«ald that frogs
are frequently yt. being often raised
from the first of their existence.
One teacher took in a hen that was al
+o hateh ber chickens before the
in other rooms there are agua.
i 5 » s 3
afrequent to find
tx tha
rooms © his
and o Cassy
in ths Hain city.
wt
hosvever, it is
Ke
towed
pupils
riums, lnrds and boxes with rabbits,
intelligent Elephant Mother,
incident is re-
A baby elephant
wound in its
pain of which rendered it so
interesting
A most
received a severe
found impossible to persande the ani
mal to have the part dressed. When
ever anyone approached it ran off with
fury and would suffer no person to
come within several yards of it. The
By a few signs and words he made the
mother know what was wanted. The
sensible creature seized her young one
with her trunk and beld it firmly down,
through groaning and agony, while the
and she continued to perform this sery-
jee every day until the animal was per.
fectly recovered,
Physical Test for Railway Employees
Physical examinations for employees
at Union Pacific headquarters in Oma
ha, Neb, will soon be ordered. The
system fis proposed is that carh em
ployee, present or prospective, shall be
examined by the chief surgeon as to his
or her condition of health, of which
a record will be preserved for use to:
determine the employee's physical cons
dition for retention in service, or for
promotion. The examination and reg.
istration fee for the health certificate
is to be fixed at $1. Chicago Record.
Ephemeral, But Pleasing.
“Flatterers ave our enemies.”
“Oh, 1 don’t know; flattery makes
feel good while it lasts." Detroit