FARM AND GARDEN NEWS.
ITEMS OF INTEREST ON AGRICULTURAL
TOPICS,
The Wid Carrot Weed=-Quack Orass on
Sandy Soil-Harrow for Cultivatiag Cora
«The Shepherd's Crook---Etc., Etc.
WILD CARROT WEED.
is scarcely a weed that
a nuisance in pastured land
wild carrot. It is a biennial,
like the cultivated carrot, making
only small growth the first season,
but sending up seed stalks, and bear.
ing its quota of seeds the second year,
On poor land it grows very small, but
seeds, even though the stalks are only
a few inches high. It is hardest to
crowd out on poor soil Where the
land deh and with clover,
that will smother of the plants
the first If any escape the
smothering they will grow up much
higher than the clover, After a very |
heavy rain, so as to wet the soil sev
eral inches deep, the wild carrot may
be pulled out by putting the hand low
down and grasping the top of the root
It is not easy work, and the dust from
carrot blossoms is often injurious to
those who have or
tarrh.— American Cultivator,
THE
There
more of
than the
in
is seed «
mast
season
severe colds <i
QUACK GRASS ON SANDY SOIL.
Where quack grass is fully
lished on sandy soil, its roots go down
very deep, and it is harder to destroy
than is quack in a soil that is clayey
or loamy. In the latter, both alr and
light better from the
quack roots than is possible where the
soil It besides, exceed
ingly ditlicult to lig down
deeply enough to bring all
estab-
are excludéd
is sandy. is,
plow or «a
the quack
But the
permanent sod,
roots the surface as
quack
they are of less disadvantage on sandy
soll, which hard get seed
ed with either grass or clover. In fact,
some sandy soll farmers have told
to
roots secnre
is often
fo
us
that they considered the quack
nearly h advantage
ment to ir farms Sut
generally noticed
was made alter determine
cessful efforts t
grass, and
qualities
with s¢
a8 ht
th
yile
we ont
eX pase
in progres
corn
for
good
has
inc
ears
some
to make
rnd
ered
Results obtal
whether dry
are
no doubt
much the
essentiaihy
ing the er
and in a
farmer
weather
weather does not
work of lin i
is all
handling
HANDINESS WITH
One of
tions
ployed in
sufficient mechanical ability not mere
ly to use farm tools, but if need
repair them than
true now that
done through
the horse,
nish
man's work is only to direct
the implement doing
of i
chanical ingenuity to
order. An unskilliful man in charge of
A reaper or not fal |
to accomplish much, bat he very
probably have a oken machine on
Lis bands that it will good
deal expense to far
better to
who are
or repair all kinds of hinery
toough they require higher wages It |
is this Kind of skill that aurely
commands good wages every where,
TOOLS
the most important qualifica
needed in a farmer or one
em
farm work is that he have
br
This is more
worl
in
wind power
80 much farm
implements
steam
or
the motive power, while
ined Keep
its work Many
tools require much
hese farm me
Keep them in |
mower will only
will
br
require a
It is
farm help
ingenious enough manage
y
of repair
employ wen as
to
nad even
most
THE HARROW FOR CULTIVAT
ING CORN.
The best uplement | know of for
cultivating corn is the common har.
row, which I have used with success
When the corn is three to five inches
high I go over the field with the har
row, being careful to have the horses
walk astride the row each time, The
work may appear wasteful at first
True it may pull down and cover some
but 1a remedy this evil two, three or
more young people or children follow
with hoes made as follows: Take a
piece of tough board 1x1 1-2 inches
and six ivches long tnd into it drive
four or fire three-inch wire nails one
inch apart, get old broom or rake han-
dles and fasten on for handles, These
are easily made. 1 give one to each
heiper and take one mnyself. With
these we follow the harrow, pulling up
the down or covered corn, thus stir-
ring the ground thoroughly, making a
good job. The work is mere play. If
need pe I run the harrow over the
othe” way across the fleld a few days
later, thas pulverizing the ground and
iving the corn a splendid start, fol
towing the harrow each time with the
lwea. After this put on the one-horse
cultivator or scuffer every eight or ten
days until the tassels are on or you
ars out of sight in the corn. This was
my mode ef cultivation last summer
»
and my neighbors admitted I had one
of the finest corn fields in the neigh
borhood, with scarcely a hill missing,
John W. McKenzie, Canada, in Amer.
lean Agriculturist,
THE SHEPHERD'S CROOK.
How many herders in this country
use a shepherd's crook, and how many
men are there who know how to make
one? Any blacksmith of ordinary in-
genulty cnn make one with a little in
struction. Tuke a rod of spring steel
five-sixtec: ths of an Inen thick; weld
it to the socket of an otd hoe handle,
for the reception of the wooden han
die; bend it into a hook about four |
inches long, an Inch wide on the inside |
at the bulge, and seven-eights at the |
neck, so that it may spring open and
cloge again on the leg: flatten it at the |
point and turn it out about an inch or |
more and back, with a roll or knob on
the end, to prevent laceration of the
sheep's leg. The wooden handle
should be six or seven feet long. With
the sheep hook in hand the herd
er's labor is greatly lessened and sim
plited. If a ewe Is to be caught it is
clumsy and cruel to create an uproar
and set all the other ewes and lambs
to running about and trampling down
the Instead of that let him
quietly out with the hook and
seize her by the leg, preferably a hind
sg, and no great disturbance is
ated.
his
weakest,
reach
ore
SPRAYING MIXTURE FORMULAS
Paris Green insects
Mix
pounds
For destroying
paris n, three
100 to
one pound gree
fresh stone
200 gallons water. Kt
allow {tle while
Arsenate of Lead
Mix eleven ounces acetate o
four of
Mix the
i and
ir well and don't
used
time
vi #1
to s¢ being
For destroying
insects f
lead,
aid 100 to
of
OUNnCes arsenate soda
200 gallons water
lead and arsenate
in about a gallon of warm
then mix together,
Jordeaux Mixture Make a
containing sulphate
copper (bine vitriol), fi
and forty
acetate of soda
separately
water, nll
solution
five pounds of
ve pounds lime
water
fifty gallons
chards paris green
0 it In the propor
notnkd to each forty
r fifteen
sired for
Tobaceo
RGN
contact [i
Prepare : ning pond
taobnoey terns in two gal
Judd Farmer,
ane
tobacco or
ater Orange
AND FRUIT GARDEN
CULTUR
Trees and fruiting plants in genera
titl
the key note
cuiture. To send
r
B
but they
fertilizers require
ugitivation is
stccessful fruit
age more, Ht
a growing orchard down fo grass is
nw and unscien
We should
sary CY
most id
certainly a
regard ous
of
tic practice
and
ROW
corn
of
crops
Irees a8 we Ie
neard
named
potatoes, and whoever
i #
these lad to
down
NO
to admit
and
ing
we want a loose’ mellow
and
thrift Fa
to prom yi
jo not
fet the fruit
sun aar
growth Wish
hard
moisture aml
the cultiva
August, to
to con
and
Keep
until
and
have all the room
fertility
moving,
the soil friable
there is
surely
This matter of tillage cannot be too
strongly emphasized.
The really rational mode of pruning
is to use principally the thumb and
finger for the work, that is, visit the
orchard frequently during thy grow
ing season, remove surplus branches |
while they are still in the bud or ten
der shoots, Why allow the tree to
expend much vitality in producihg
wood which must Ve eventually cut |
away? Better by far only allow what
wood is actually needed to be grown,
and reserve all remaining energy for |
producing fruit buds and fruit
The less sawing done in an orchard
the better. 1 do not by any means ad:
vise withholding the saw If it be need:
ed.
Scientific pruning really very
needful to successful fruit culture
What | do mean is to urge growers to
as far as possible prune the young
shoots and thus do away with the ne
cessity of large use of axe or saw,
Thinning is another vital principle
of fruit culture. It often requires
some courage to thin fruit as it should
be done, It seems to be a loss and a
pity to destroy so many fine speci
mens of growing peaches, plums, ete;
but it must be done to secure highest
results, Surely one large fruit is
worth more than two small ones,
The large one not only sells for more
is
but exhausts fhe
two small ones,
We cannot afford to allow a tree to
over bear, It means a sure loss —M.
Summer Perkins in Farm, Field aod
Fireside,
tree less than the
OUR DEADLY FOUR-INCH GUNS.
A Favorite on Board the Best Ships of the
Navy.
In every engagement which permits
thelr we read of the effective
work done by the four-inch guns of
The main batteries of ull
four-inch rapid fire rifles, which are
altogether the most popular weapons
in the for offensive amd de-
fensive purposes on the Hghter ves
The Castine, the Helena, th.
Machias, the Nashville, and the Wil.
each equipped with eight
guns, while the Annapolis,
the Marietta, the Newport, the Prince
ton, the Vicksburg and the Wheeling
mount six of them The Ban
croft relies upon four, and the Do!
phin upon two as their chief fighting
rowers
use,
service
sels,
are
these
Even the formidable Iowa has six of
them upon
the approach of torpedo boats, and the
i York
twelve in her secondary battery
in
Minneapolis, hav.
her superstructure to deter
armored « New
ruiser
vessels the
and the
apiece, and
Puritan is ded
four inch
advantage of these gi
fastest two
navy,
the double turret
prov with six
to support her 12 monsters
The chief
lies in
104
extreme rapidity of fire
manipulation,
at all
1 "i
easily 0 pPler
and ease while thelr
penetrating
bles ti
all unarmored cruisers
tects
power ranges eun
t
projectiles *
and lightly
gun positions
This of fo !
ir iL
weighs, without its mount,
“5 1
or exactly 3,400 pounds. [It
13.7 feet,
=
and its
19
greate
hore
length
fwist
t
O
Ore
v1] KE
grooves, It fires:
14 pounds of
develops
n's Chasce of Life.
3 a
ge (0 are
ng phrase
aged 20 living
“ay Oto 4,
160
years more,” Le, to age
of a man aged 20 att ng
only 1 in 106, or odds of 9 to
As to
770 per 1,000 live 10
age therefore
the chance of a man aged 50 living
60 is represented by odds of 77 to
or about 7 in favor of the
aged 50 living 10 years more
" favorable as it f con
nearly as great as 16 to
chance in favor of a man aged 29 |
ing to age 30. Glanciag at men
0 we see that only 835 per 1.060
10 years more, iL age SH. thi
mening that 34 per live the 10
in sport
¢
as only out of the 145K
Lin
the chance
Hin
TH)
LS we
e., to may
y
to 2
nee, in, is o
tHe
Lie
not
age
to
106)
OC.
a man living te
age 80 is represented by the odds 92
against him. AR for men aged
90, of 1.000 men alive at age 90, only
4 live to age 100. Thus at age 90, the
of 249 to 1 against the man-—quite an
outside chance,
actual shot and abel; and to stop
these, nettings of stout rope. thickly
tarred and then sanded, were placed
next to the sides of the ship. Similar
nettings are still used, but tliey are
now made of steel rope, or of ordinary
rope and leather, or are woven into a
thick mat, which is quite efficacious
against small pleces of bursting shell
In addition, many ships are now fit
ted with steel traverses or bulkheads,
placed crosswise of the ship, between
the guns, and these also serve to pre
vent destruction of life by flying frag.
ments. New York Independent,
Restaurant dining is becoming more
than ever the rage in London, Eng
land.
Artificial legs and arms + were in use
in Egypt as early as B. C. 760.
AFRAID OF INDIANS.
Terror Vanished When the Red Men Began
to Sing a Hymna.
About sixty-five years ago, says a
writer In the Montreal Witness, two
youths came from Scotland, and struck
out for the wilderness of Oxford
ada, They had heard that
kopt a sharp and somewhat
watca, Nearing thelr destination, they
encamped one chilly night by the side
of a stream.
thelr lunch, hovering
they were overwhelmed
hment and fear by seeing a
band of Indians suddenly arrive.
As it was too late to try to escape,
and as the mdians were many
fight, the young fellows decided to
parley with the savages: but their
“parleying” was rendered of no effect
by the fact that the Indi
spoke not a word of English the Se
boys were totally |
fire
aston
over the
with
too 10
while ang
ote
gnorant of the sign
language in which the Indians tried to
Converse
fut presently the inde a
gesture which the bovs psnderstood
It was a beckoning sign and plainly
meant come anlage
“Wall, said
other, “it is
one of the boys to the
to dle, and we may as well die n
camp as here”
“In any event ill die
sald the other.
“We will.”
Na
wow
they started
follow ing thi
rather followed
along
by then
i
wige
Indians, or
Soon they reached
a large Indian I
which the y entered. The Indians beck
niront of a
large fir of the lodge
oned to them to sit down
Cote
willis
tha r
Lele 1
I'he
own tongue wey joined In
unction
had ever before
I ore no doubt, th
known
and when the Indians
ir devotion
votional
ing it;
the
bad been
the men
one of
Hussionaries
no other purpose than
grateful hospitality
82 youths to their
The next morning they ate wit, gus
food
and
to the
which their hosts offered
them expressing their thanks
could, went their way.
as
What Two Flags Represent.
England's national flag has been
called “a triplet of crosses” for it
composed of the cross of 8t George.
the cross of Rt. Andrew, and the cross
of St. Patrick. Thus: The flag of “St.
George for merrie England,” a red
cross on a white ground, the red lines
drawn straight from top to bottom.
and from side to side; the flag of St.
Andrew for Scotland, a white cross on
a blue ground: the flag of 8t. Patrick
for Ireland, a red cross on a white
ground, the narrow red lines drawn
from corner to corner. By placing the
cross of St. George on that of St. An-
drew we have “the Jack.” as ordered
in 1606 by James I. whose signature
was always “Jacques” hence the ex.
pression, “the Jack.” By laying the
cross of Bt, Patrick over that of St
Andrew and then placing that of Rt.
George over both, we have “the Union
Jack,” as borne since the union with
Ireland in 1800. Au eloduent Canadi
&n writer finds that the American flag
and the English flag wave together
with singular beanty .and harmony,
“the one proclaiming the starry heavy.
ens, symbolical of God's infinite pow
er-—the other emblematic «f his great.
est work, the redemption of mankind.
The Origin of Bi== Blood.
After the Moors ere driven out of
Spain the aristocracy of Spain was
beld to cousist of those who traced
thelr lineage back so the Ume before
in
the Moorish conquest. These peopls
were whiter than those who had been
mixed with Moorish blood, The veins
upon their hands were blue, while the
blood of the masses, contaminated by
Moorish Infusion, showed black
upon their hands and faces. So
white Spaniards came to deelare that
their blood was “blue.” while that of
the common people was black. The
the
England and America. It is now
New York Tribune,
THE GUNS OF THE LADRONES.
the South Pacific.
he
what
A cannon Ix big to
laid, it
Comes o
of the «
been
and
{00 mis
In
ing
ally
known
The
vill war are known to ha
is gener
{
old guns smoothbores
used up in soldiers’ monuments
(i. A. R
f an earlier per
emblems, Condemned
od now
Peace in many coastwise towns
|
buried corners to the
Ions $4.0 Hr 1m rel «
the muzzle blocked wi
I'he
museum
But the
thie
Cac
an old cannon ball shrunk in
forts and the military
count for a few
ox
for ml
coount
past, and the
melting
posed to have rece
metal of war
Much of the
melted
anticu
heen down into
pans of peace but ther
thousands of
many
scattered all over
seldom mount
were loaded
zird on the ground
fo
just g
ana
fort nag
make a
nose
ire still there on the island
ivilized races hav
powder, and it is
Sea Islanders
of their 1
have
negle
York Sun
Wr EN
Uncomfortably Near to Fame.
Some lawyers were talki
day in a Piscataquis town about
’ Peters
told a
upon a
quick wit of Chief Justice
-
ilinstrate one of them
oCourred
hat
tween Pets
w Ones
re and “Old Corpeilus.”
by in
y .
Bangor
was then jaain Mr
He had boarded at the
porter of a big hotel
The chief justice
goed
there,
had had a
and good times
mans frolic
all of which
knowl
in great seriousness. “Mr. Peters
he began, “I am going to publish a
book telling my experiences and recol-
house,
take?”
“Thunderation,
How many copies will you
Cornelins™
I'll take
the whole edition” Lewiston, Me.
Journal.
Austrian Army Shelter Tent.
The Austrians have recently adopt.
ed for their army a shelter tent, which
when not pitched, is separated into
pieces cut to fold over and form storm
coats for the soldiers. The material
waterproof linen,
bound along the edges with wire braid
and provided with cords, which serve
the double purpose of fastening either
the tent or coat. Upon baiting for a
night the soldiers remove or unpack
their coats in pairs, tie them together
and form their tent upon their two ri-
flea, which, with bayonets fixed, are
stuck into the ground to form tent
poles. BREA 5 AW SH 5 ob
There was a striking clock ‘a Wests
minster Abbey in 1638.
MADE A REPUTATION.
An Erudite Man's Conversation With a Bey
and the Result
are naturally sucn
nna full of benevolence,
specially toward the young, that they
help spreading wisdom wher-
ever they grow, That the seed may
ground is proved by
who went
Nova Beo-
Some good
teachers
men
wi
cannot
stony
fall upon
i story which a gentleman,
aunting into the interior of
tin, tells
The
miles at night by a
id
de
Wis
{
in a letter
arried sixteen
KiX1een years
The
driver
The huo
hunter Was (
I» §
and a horse fifteen years old
and the boy
figloen
was tedious,
inclined to fall
ter, therefore, thought 1 niterest him
be
asked the
before?’
} Star.”
North
thie
the
The
told
i Lid
and ap
nd how it
ave intel
the stran
where he
and the boy,
Riveting Electrically
throes
lerivet
about at
position
1 DUS
for
Var
in the
Press
i
sizes of work is eaxily gulated
a rriot ie
MARLEE
necessary amount
ze of
ny
About Coughs.
Every person h oughs shonld
alarm himself with the idea
bad Experien ww has
that
he I« in a way
us of Lat there are
ane pro-
the lungs
two distinet Kind
Yisney Poror or
Oe EGInR rom §
air-tubes, the other
and
procesding m effervescence in the
8 A symp
1tten
oy
il
3
he lungs
1
which all know y 1 ro
Yous
est
ensue,
stomach much more
simple matter, and may easily be got
by the food and
SOrIOUs Consequences
cough is a
quit of. It is caused
tion. A knowledge of this fact ought
to lead persons so affected to ponder a
little on the nature of their allment
and the tone of their digestive powers,
~ New York Ledger.
A New Method of Handling Grain.
The conveying of large quantities of
grain from one point to another ig
frequently attended with very serious
loss, and plans of all sorts have been
adopted at one time or another to
avoid this waste. One of the newest
ideas In this line is the carrying of
grain In tight boxes or tanks and
transferring it from one receptacle to
another by what is equivalent te
pumping. Flexible pipes are distrib
uted through the tanks and powerful
engines draw the grain in at one end
of these pipes and deliver it at an.
other, very much as water is conveyed,
In addition to ease and rapidity of
handling it is claimed ths: the grain
is benefited by the current of alr which
naturally passes through it during this
pumping process.—New York Ledger.
In Illinois during the past year 118
coal mines were abandoned asd 79
mines opened.
Artificial limbs are usually made of
willow on account of Wa Mghiness.