THE COST OF CONGRESS
RUNNING EXPENSES OF SEN-
ATE AND HOUSE.
Uncle Sam Pays $2,856,366.10 in
Salaries to Members and Emaloy~
es--Eighty-eight Senators Waited
On by 219 Persons,
When Utali’s two senators take
their seats the Senate will number 90,
while the House of Representatives at
present has #356 members. Each of
these receives a yearly salary of 35, -
000. The amount paid in salaries,
including those of the two new sena-
tors, will therefore £2.280.000
yearly. Congress usually sits from
December to June, and has daily ses-
gions from 12 noon till 6
For six months’ work of six hours
daily $5,000 is very fair payment
But these salaries are a small part of
the personal cost of congressmen.
The employes and their annual
salaries are as follows: In the Sen-
ate—Secretary, $5,396; secretary to
president of the Senate, %2 220,
chaplain, $960; nineteen clerks, at an
average of $2.873.05 each, $45,088;
librarian, $2,220: assistant librarian,
$1,440; keeper of stationery, $2,102.40
assistant keeper of stationery, $1,800;
assistant keeper of stationery, $1,000;
thirty-one messengers, at $1,440;
each, $44,640; twenty-one labor.
ers at £720 each, $15.120;
one female laborer, $720;
eight skilled laborers at $1,000 each,
$8,000; five pages at $512 050 each
$4 562.50; thirty-two
various officials and committees, at
an average of $2 458.433 each, $78,-
VArious
Ss. at an average
tele-
sergeant
De
$1 y
0 CIOCK.
clerks to
210: eighteen messengers to
committees and official
of $1,486.66 2-3 each,
graph operator, $1,
at arms, 34.000; assistant
keeper, $3,( 12: acting assistant door-
keeper, $2,592; postmaster, $2 25
five mail carriers, at £1 200 each,
£6, 000
Superintendent of
$3,000: two assistants
tendent of document room, at $1,440
each, $2 880; one assistant to super-
intendent of document room, $1,200;
superintendent of folding room, $2,-
160; assistant to superintendent of
folding room. #%$1.200: foreman in
folding room, $1,200; six folders, at
£039 $0,634;
$2,160: three assistant engineers,
$1.440 each, $41.820;: two
conductors, at £1 200 eacl
assistant elevator {
two firemen, at $1,095 es
upholsterer and locksmitl
two carpenters, at 3960 e
one varnisher, $1,800; two
at 3000 £1 800
operator, $720; attendant
room, $840;
one stableman, $720
at $540 each, $1,080,
It will be that
eight gentlemen comprising
ate require a force of
SL TH).
PLO, (OL;
200 ;
do -
docusr
re
engineer,
at
elevator
$2 400;
$1,000 ;
$2,190;
1
chief
i
str
nda
AUCH
Janitors
telephone
in toilet
FhHiN) :
each
one
seen
wait upon them, at an annual «
$208,576.90 to the public
Add to this salaries
eight senators at £5,000
there is a grand total
The employes of the House «
chaplain, $900; private secretary to
the speaker, $2,102.40; thirty-five
clerks, at an average of 22 204.58 57-
each, $77,808.80; fifty
an average of $1,142.56 each
128; twenty-two clerks to
committees, at an
018.18 2-11 each,
messengers to
21.000 each
ment messenger
pages, at $720 each, |
at $500; twenty-four li
average of $700.16 2-3 each, $17,020;
librarian, $2,000; two at
#1 800 each, $3,600: bookkeeper
£1.600: locksmith, $1,440: assistant
files clerk, $900; telegraph operator,
$000: sergeant at arms $4,000;
deputy sergeant at arms, $2,000;
cashier, $3,000; paying teller, $2 000
bookkeeper, $1. 800; postmaster,
£2 500: assistant postmaster, 82,000;
doorkeeper, $3,500; assistant door-
keeper, $2,000; ianitor, $1,200; su
perintendent document room, $2,000 ;
assistant superintendent document
room, $2,000; special employe,
$1,500: two chief pages at R900
e ch, $1,800; attendant in ladies’
room, $600; superintendent of fold-
ing room, $2,000; foreman of the
folding room, $1.500; one folder,
$1,200: ten folders, at $900 each,
$9,000; five folders, at $840 each,
$4,200: fifteen folders, at $720 each,
$10,800; driver, $600;
$000; chief engineer, £1,700;
assistant engineers, at $1,200 each,
$2,400; four elevator conductors, at
$1,100 each, $4,400; five firemen, at
$900 each, $4,500; electrician, $1.-
200; chief official reporter on de-
bates, $6,000; four assistants, at
$5,000 each, $20,000; two stenogra-
phers to committees, at $4,000 each,
$8,000; chief indexer to Journal of
Congress, $2,500; eight assistant
indexers, at an average of $1,000
each, £8 000,
the
5 »
of SidN.
» $i ¥ ¢
messengers at
averace oO
SY ELas
$44 400;
ommitte
assistants
thejHouse require 227 persons to wait
upon them, or only eight more than
are required by the much smaller num-
ber of senators, and the cost of this
House force is $837,809.20, or about
$39,000 more than the Senate em-
ployes receive. Add to this the
salaries of the 856 Representatives
at $5,000 each, and there is a grand
total of $2,117,809.20 paid annually
by Uncle Sam to his hired people in
the House, Then add to this the
$788, 676.90 spent on the Senate, and
$2,8506,886.10 is the total payroll of
Congress.
But it must be borne in mind that
this enormous outliey is far from
representing the entire cost of run-
ning the Senate and House. The ex-
for stationery, printing and
other extravagances are very great.
All the salaries are large. The pages,
recelvirg $900, are boys from 10 ta 14
Clerks receiving $2,000 to
$3,000 a year would not obtain $1,000
anywhere Luborers receiving
£000 a year would be hodearriers at
$1.25 a day if they were not able to
make themselves useful to members
of Congress,
VORUS,
else,
Of Interest to Engineers.
In considering the question, some-
times asked, ns to whether the water
from a pond having no outlet can be
uaned for condensing by circulating
the water over and over again, W.
(3. Kerr, a practical engineering au-
thority, remarks that the success of
such a system naturally depends
upon the size of the pond, both vol
ume and surface being factors in the
determination of its efficiency; that
the pond must evidently have
is,
quantity shall remain in it the length
of time necessary ior the cooling ef-
fect of the total surface to abstract
the amount of heat which the quan-
tity of water received in the opera-
tion of condensing the steam Mr.
Kerr says that with a surface con-
denser the waste by evaporation
would need to be supplied, while with
the jet condenser the extra hot water
would need to be cooled. Again, the
exact dimensions of such a pond
or reservoir would need to be deter-
instance
mined in each by a very
careful calculation and with due re- |
gard to conditions, such as!
temperature, climate, ete. The |
practical points involved in the ques- |
tion at issue are treated by Mr. Kerr |
in a manner that would seem .to be
decisive
local
How to Blow Through a Brickbat.
‘You wouldn't believe it
2 candle flame
' remarked a
whose
poss ble
thioiagh
celebrated
rist, penchant
research a
“It can be done, however,
its illustrates the .all pervasive |
ientific
are
their
ar
g, which
atmos-
of air. Most rooms
i t
ie brick and mort
entilat hhrough
id tl are
un
take in and throw out ti
hor «1th 1
phere with li
‘You may
¥
=
ie
experiment
ile on the
1d use two
nds on the
with
ne with your |
mouth and the small end of the other
t on the candle flame, Th
trained
least reat ili make the light
Ainla
ckbat
Peanut Culture.
i and
peanuts are pointed out in a
the agricultural
lepartment iled by R. B
Handy, of the experi-
ment station : In nave
meal
ana ex-
sacltsil : in th | "
» possibilities 1 the culture
of
tin issued by
peanut
food,
been made
as an art
re of peanut
report
£
ufactu
but the
given to
+ forage
affords.
a well pre-
Hi TO a depild
is advocated by ti
A New Game.
jasket ball is a game that is the
rage now he id and aim of the
gaine a ball, which is the
size of a football, into one of
the two larger baskets suspended at
field. The winning
side is the one which lands the ball
in the opponent's basket. The basket
is placed about ten feet high. When
the is played in a gymnasium
the basket i= bracketed to the side of
the wall. For outdoor use it is sup-
ported at the same height by an up-
right post. No pushing, tripping,
shouldering, is allowed. The score is
counted by points. A goal counts
three points; a foul one point for the
opponents. A majority of points de-
cides the game.
i185 tO toss
small
each end of the
game
An Ecclesiastical Item.
A little man almost always likes a
big pedestal to stand on.
———" i A
People have been known to eat In-
digestible suppers in order to pro-
duce dreadful dreams. For instance,
a painter of the iast century was
noted for the horrible nature of his
ictures. Report says of him that
e used to eat raw beef and under-
done pork chops for supper, and so
on nightmare, w ve bim
Dring 90 hig 8
NOTES AND COMMENTS,
Wu, Bragrow went
nia to Michigan to
wife was one of the
only to discover that hers wasa dil-
ferent fomily of Greens. He felt
himself.
from Califor
prove that
80
GENERAL SIR GARNET WOLBELEY
says that one secret of the superior
ity of Jupan's military system is that
the profession of arms is held ir high
regard, while in China the lowest
clusses only are recruited into the
army
down upon.
AT the last monthly sitting of the
magistrates at Holbeach, England,
there were no cases to be tried, and
¢he chairman was presented with a
pair of white gloves in recognition of
the event It was the first occur-
rence of such an event in fifty years,
if indeed it had ever happened be-
fore at Holbeach.
1
t
SOMETIMES a good thing happens to
a woman by accident. Mrs. L. E
Castle, of Callender, In., has just
been quulified to act as justice of the
peace by chance. Her husband runs
a drug store in her name, and thus
fér initials were used on the ballots
instead of As there was no law
against her acting as justice, she has
been sworn in.
his
Preasure loving as they are, the
Japanese are capable pf asceticism,
as in the case of the schoolboy who
refused to eat cake at a party. His
reason was that he had to earn his
] gand didn’t wish to get the
{
IXUries.
iHvin
for l
which should
il opponents
The Birming-
registers that
the year 1804, whiel
for the
man, was
stics
f the
glane show
annear
alarmin
women.
A
been
thenes
the B
brother
feos
i un pay-
he case was that of
a orraad t fort
y agreed to sige!
Wi
i beasts in
in walk
sort of forward
he left hind
we left hind
emoent
child, if put
idden to ad-
, will make the
lon Statist contains an
he Command of the
by T. Lloyd, in which
the curious argument is advanced
that in case of a war England ‘would
in many respects be infinitely better
able to bear the eo of a great con
flict the United States was
thirty years age remarks
the writer place, the
money which » government would
require to borrow wo 1ld be raised at
home. Consequently the debt charge
would not a drain upon our re-
sources; it would be merely a trans-
fer of wealth from one portion of the
people to another.”’
Sean,’
yal
than
because,’’
first
be
Ports rave over tropical isles of
Eden. but as far as white .uen are
concerned there is no paradise in the
South seas without its drawbacks
Robert Louis Stevenson thought Sa-
mon was the ideal place, but that
opinion was largely due to the fact
the climate suited him. Americans
or Europeans who are in good health
do not fancy Samoa, as one is apt to
contract some curious maladies.
Many white men have fallen victims
to elephantiasis and other terrible
diseases. Now comes a report that
a deadly kind of malarial fever is
slaying hundreds on the islands. Civ-
reduce the Samoans as seriously as
it has affected the Hawaiians,
Tur Age of Steel says that the
Mississippi river commission is con.
sidering the subject of dredging the
Mississippi river along its entire nav-
igable length. Experiments have
been made with a dredge which is
used in Germany for similar pur-
poses, and the best results have been
obtained. On the Cherokee bar, be-
low Cairo, a new channel was made,
giving seven feet of water, where
there was four and one-half before.
Above Cape Girardeau, the same ex-
cellent results were obtained in the
face of adverse conditions. It is
thought that the outlook for the
establishment of a permanent dredg-
ing force is good, and that soon river.
men may look for a clear channel
sons of the year,
the 70,000 college men in this coun~
try and Canada, 88,000 were church
members, and the remaining 82,000
wore not. Next statistics were fur.
ished by the Young Men’s Christian
associations established in some hun-
dreds of colleges. Since that report,
however, thirty-six new branches
| have been formed, giving larger re-
| turns, though the average is not so
jgood. Three hundred and thirty-five
: college associations show that 82,000
men are church members in the col.
leges which have associgtions and
| about 48,000 are not. There are said
{ to be altogether 200,000 men in the
{institutions of higher learning on
this continent, so that, assuming the
same proportion, there are probably
{ 85,000 church members out of 200, -
{ 000 college students,
When Yukichi Fukuzawa, the great
Japanese teacher and pamphleteer
first visited the United States, some
thirty years ago, he purchased out of
his slender menns a of Web-
ster’'s American dictionary of the
The book became
by means of which
of western scientific
knowledge
copy
the instrument
the storehouse
and was first
unlocked to the hungry Japanese in-
tellect,
technical
The soldier, the missionary
the merchant, have
recognized ag the ad-
vanced guard in the invasion of bare
barism by the forces of civilization.
It time that the lexicographer
should receive due. Let
gionaries arm themselves with
tionaries and make a still hunt for
heathen scholars who need such
books. The Japs are intelligent
enough to know what they want.
hitherto been
18
his mis.
die-
THAT no less
should have |
Indian prov
snake bites sh
than 23,000 people
erished last year in the
nee from
ows how little progress
nee toward the
antidote f the
iles. The trouble
of pe
has been made |
or
ari RCH BD.
starch
When
are
ous as
§ i bs wr
digested starch
iy they
changed t«
jaices. So
fruits
irnr of
sugar of
igested.
Friends
journal published by tl
Society for the Prevention «
to interesting
the animals in
from port to port, especially
Atlantic cattie trade It points out
‘the necessity which exists for bet-
ter arrangements to prevent wanton
cruelties to animals at sea, and the
still greater necessity for demandin
of shipowners in the cattle trade tha
they shall make arrangements to
prevent ncedless suffering and de-
struction of property.” 3ills have
been introduced in Congress for the
correction of these evils, but thus far
the matter has had comparatively
little attention in either the House
or the Senate. Our Animal Friends
urges that Congress pass a bill pro-
viding for an international humane
conference, at which the United
States shall be represented by five
delegates appointed by the President
of the United States. It is further
urged no remuneration be paid the
delegates. *“* Men can be found,’
says Our Animal Friends, ‘who are
competent and qualified to act as
3
the
nimails, is
welfare of
or
a
t
who would willingly give their time
and services without remuneration.
Men of the right stamp would desire
ive as possible.
would be to continue their tenure of
office as long as possible.”
For eighteen years the city of
| fied municipal officers, although an
| election is held every year. The
council
oath of office,
| chairman of a committee of citizens
| the committee are held regularly.
{ Ordinances are passed giving the
| city marshal and the street commis-
slonor power to keep the town order
ly and clean. The council cannot
handle any public money. The little
money used by the council is raised
by private subscription among the
residents of the town. The city mar
shal is only a fiat functionary, so to
ape us are the street commis-
sioner and the city clerk. In other
words, the city of Humboldt is not a
ion, on the that
having no qualified offers it cannot
| be required by the courts to cancel a
| bonded debt incurred eighteen years
{ago when a railroad was projected
from Fort Scott to Humboldt.
rod was graced; but as the expected
tide of prosperity showed no sign of
setting in, the tracks were not
The bonds were bought up hy
nocent purchasers’ for twenty-five
cents on the dollar, and the people
of Humboldt, having received
benefit from the railroad enterprise
declined to pay their creditors more
than that proportion of the face van
of the bonds; hence
city government
The
no
jue
the fiction of a
which
for eighteen years. They have always
been ready to liquidate their debt at
twenty-five cents on the dollar, and
now expect, as their offer has never
1, that ‘n two years more
has existed
been accepte
the statute ¢
them from
ever, when the
f
will qualify as form
f limitations will release
any whatso-
ollicers
obligation
nunc
arly
ipal
Schoolhouses for Truants.
One result of the compulsory
eation law of Naw York, which hs
just gone into effect, and the enforce-
ment of which ded
by many diffi the
erection, or at lea the establish-
in New York city
schools for the exein
fa Tet] hie attor
i8 sure to be att
1
will be
of truant
dation of habitual 1»
wh ) are i!
or irregular
If the Inw
carried out
Post, it will
uaiiding «
» state
1 ig
pupiis
oraeriy
ance
wh
+
LOWS
#
snough for
a fa
1Piis who
to say nothing o
the old saying
fore a storm
He especially
ry vigilance in
ers, He ol
things, if the mills
he direction of the
their sails unfolded ;
is a good sign. He scrutinizes the
sky at every moment, from
nith te the horizon; he measures the
curvature of the forward part of
precipitation or of the storm.
lines of rain or hail that escape from
it show him by their length and their
approach to the perpendicular how
intense the precipitations are.
the lines run obliquely, he is shown
the direction of the dominant wind
in the squall—in short, no sign in-
dicating the force and direction of
the wind passes unperceived by him
He knows likewise that these show-
ers are often accompanied by tem-
pestuous, plunging gusts which seem
to come out of the clouds; and fre.
quently, Lefore the most advanced
flecks of the storm cloud have
reached the zenith, the salis of the
mill are rolled up around the arms so
as to give the squall free passage.
displays extraordina-
AY =
times of heavy sh
werves among oft
furthest
rain have
t
if they have. it
Kept
+}
tne
A Lsgless Skater.
Charles Murphy, sa legless man,
was the central figure of attraction
{in the crowd of skaters on the
| Schuylkill canai, Reading, Pa. He
| glided backward and forward over
the smooth surface, sitting on the
skates and using his hands for pro-
'pulsion, He entered a number of
races and always came out first
Suddenly the ice broke and Murphy
| went down, and three men who were
close to him were also carried into
{the water. A nnmber of persons
| jumped into the large opening to the
| pescue. It proved a difficult task to
| keep Murphy above the water, he
{ being unable to swim. After he had
one down the third time he was
anded in an entirely exhausted cone
dition. He was carried toa nearby
house, where he was resuscitated
after half an hour's work. Murphy,
at the age of 10 years, had both legs
crushed by being run over on the
railroad. The limbs were amputated
at the hips. He is now a voter and
one of the eharacters of the city.
FROCKS FOR BABY GIRLS.
‘ihe Daintiest Summer Materials
fire Made for Their Benefit.
When the summer baby zirl of "95
lier new frocks she will be
thedaintiest, aqunintest little creature
Prettily flowered dimi-
nainsook
and a host of
are now being made
ip in a manner most tempting to the
mothers of
appenrs in
anid
ties, batistes as fine as silk
{ weblike
fabrics
}
texture
:
ininty
baby girls
IGEYEeE Are
the iatter
1 i337 F
¢ $343
nt i500)
ne guimpe
are
Pique
jdderies
New Foreign Postage Rates.
Blind and Seeing in One Day
Frank Mason, a
wana ar { We =i¢
was suddenly
while
Lacka-
ngineer,
Delaware,
railroad
night
idden affliction
caused by a
behind his
operation
band-
in Jersey City
was found to |
tumor which formed
right Next day an
wag performed, and when
removed the next day it
found his sight had been re-
stored almost as quickiy as it had
gone
ear.
he
1Tes were
was
Cutting a Hailstorm in India
During a severe hailstorm in the
Himalayas our native gardener
brought out a hatchet and placed it,
edge upwand, in the garden, to ‘cut
the storm.” as he said. Catlin, in
his ‘“‘North American Indians,” de-
scribes a ceremony of the Mandan
Indians, in which hatchets and edged
tools are sacrificed to ‘the spirit of
the waters’’ to avert a recurrence of
the great deluge, of which the tribe
has the tradition.
sn is
Howard's Wish.