SALLY
8hall I do this, sir, and shall I do tha
Shall I go in, sir, and shall I go out
Shall it be bonnet, or shall it be hat, sir?
State your opinion; I'm sadly in doubt,
Shall I go riding, or shall I go walking?
Shall I scoept it, or shall 1 refuse?
Shall 1 be silent, or shall I keep talking?
Give me your advice, I cannot well
choose.
Thus do we pander to others’ opinions,
Wearing +1. garb of Society's slaves;
Fashion's nt.and we are her minions,
Robbing ves of the freedom it craves,
sir?
Ought I to visit Lier, ought I to cut her?
Shall I be {ric dly, or shall I be cold?
Shall I look bo.ddly, or peep through the
shutter?
Shall I give silver, or shall I give gold?
'W hat will be said if I stay from the dinver?
Will they proclaim me a saint or sinner ?
1f not the former I go not at all.
Thus do we pander to others’ opinions,
Wearing the garbof Society's slaves ;
Robbing our life of the freedom it craves.
Why not go forward, andaunnted, unfearing,
Doing the thing that is lawful and right?
Caring not who may be seeing or hearing
Shunning the darkness, and courting the
irht,
Surely, if conscience forbear to upraid us,
Well nity we lan gh atthe verdict of fools;
God is our guide-~for his service he made us—
Not to be ruled by the makers of rules.
Pander no longer to others’ opinions ;
Wear not the garb of Society's slavesy
Be not of Fastion the pitiful minions;
Reb not vour life of the freedom iteraves,
HR RRP SRSA
IN PARTNERSHIP,
and Pedro Valencia
h a fragrant buckeye by the
roadside awaiting the arrival of the
stage, then due at the village of Campo
Seco. It was the twilight of a warm
summer's day, and the cool breeze which
had sprung up seemed to have freshened
the perfumes of withering wild flowers
and dr ng grasses. The twolmen stood
i watchful under the shadow
anging foliage, occasionally
pg impatiently down the road,
w: their position, sloped pre-
for a considerable distance,
an abrupt turn at the foot of
and then descending a deep
into the bottom of which the
sun never penetrated,
“There she comes!” It was Martin
who spoke. Pedro bent forward and
listened intently.
muring canon floated the creaking of
wheels and the jingling of harness.
Jack
stood bene:
heard, followed by the hoarse voice of
newed exertion. Pedro turned and
found himself face to face with a hood-
ed form armed with a double-barreled
ghot-gun. He expressed no surprise,
buckeye sank into the red earth of the
bar & by the roadside, and lifting a ,un-
ny sack similiar to that which covered
the upper portion of his companion’s
body, drew it over his head. Drawing
grossed the road and disappeared in the
¢haparral. Martin stood close in the
shadow of the buckeye,
The stage crawled lazily out of the
on.
er occupied the box, and the
nger was a woman. When the
icle had approached within ten yards
of the buckeve, a shrill whistle sounded
and two men with leveled shot-guns
stood in the roadway. The leaders of
the stage team sprang away to the right,
would have dashed down the bank
8p their fright if the driver had not
gkillfully reined them in.
“Halt!”
“Halt it is,” the driver zeplied; **but
you might as well put down them Gat-
lings—they’re dangerous, an’ might go
off; begldes they skeer this young lady.”
“Shut yer jaw an’ throw down that
box.” commanded Martin, advancing
with his gun leveled, while Valencia
ped the reins of the nigh leader,
“Which box do you mean?"’ inquired
the driver.
“Wells Fargo’s; an’'if you give us
the wrong one you'll never drive over
this road again.”
tended, and a heavy blue box, bound
with iron, and padlocked, was flang into
the road. Martin examined it closely,
tioned Pedro away from the horses, and
quick about it, too.’
had disappeared,
' When the stage
the partners struck
canon.
“Purty heavy box," remarked Pedro,
“Yes, I reckon we've called the
turn this time. If
sand I’m goin’ to quit the business,”
Martin answered.
The two men struggled fn silence
through the chaparral, crossing precipi-
rous guiches and climbing steep ridges,
until they reached the head of a gloomy
canon, thickly overhung with young
pines and chemisal, Here they deposi- |
ted their burden, and tearing away a |
huge bowlder from the hillside, revealed |
a cavity that had evidently been prepa- |
red for the reception of the booty. They |
hastily thrust the box into the cave and !
rolled the stone back into its place, |
care{ully effacing every trace of their |
work.
On their return to Camp Seco, they
found the town in a fever of excite-
ment over the bold robbery that had
occu: ied almost at their very doors.
The sheriff and a posse of determined
citizens were scouring the country in
search of the robbers, and the people |
were anxiously awaiting the result of |
the search. Not the least suspicion
attached to the partners, who were re-
garded by the citizens of Camp Seco
simply as gamblers of the ordinary
character. They retired that’ night
weary with their labor, but exulting
in the knowledge that their enterprise
had yielded them the handsome profit
of twenty thousand dollars,
“A Jresiy night's work,” mut.
tered Pedro Valencia, as he curled up
in his bunk, after parting with Martin
—'3 pretty good night’s work, Twen-
ty thousand dollars! My share is ten
{onanal This will ik me back to
rango tations are cheap
enough there, ta Maria! but I'll
live easy after thus. I'll pass for a gold
hunter and rich ranchero’s
no.
lars! That's a good deal, but it isn’t as
much as twenty thousand. Why
shouldn’t I have it all? He’s onlv a
Gringo anyhow, and if he gets halt a
chance he'll cheat me out of my share.
ty thousand dollars in Mexico is a big
ile, Let mesee, I can fool this Yan-
ee thief, and I believe I'lldo it, I'll
take the box out of the cache and hide
it somewhere else, When the row
about this robbery cools down,
and the Gringo talks about dividing,
we'll go to the place where we hid the
box, and we won't find it,
say some thief has watcued us and
stolen our money. The Yankee won't
{| know any different.
{ the time comes 1'll disappear.
I might
| thousand,
i night.”
And the robber arose, and dressing
| himself, placed a revolver in his belt,
and I'll have it this very
{ and stole forth into the night.
“It’s the best job I ever did.”
| cabin. “Twenty thousand dollars! My
i share is ten thousand. Ten thousand
| dollars, I'll quit cards; I'll be an hon-
| est man; I'll get out of the State; I'll go
{ back to Missouri, buy a farm, and set-
i tle down. I'll live easy the rest ob my
life,” .
i A smile of satisfaction overspread his
| countenance as these thoughts flashed
{ through his mind,
{ “They'll never suspect me. They'll
{ think I made my money in the mines,
Well, 1 did make it in the mines, didn’t
I? It don’t make any difference how 1
made it, and I don’t care how honest
{ my neighbors think I've been. Ten
thousand dollars! It won't be long be-
fore 1 make it twenty thousand. I
I hadn’t taken that Greaser in on
spec. [ could have handled the job just
as well without him. Beside, what
does he want with so 1 money?
It'll never do him any gol. l
buck it off at monte, [1 wish" Jaci
Martin arose and went to the door, He
looked out. “Starlight,” he muttered.
Returning to his seat, he puffed at h
pipe with renewed vigor. “Now, that
treaser,” he thought, *“*wouldn’t think
nothing of cutting my throat for that
money. Ill
gets me in door, 80's he can get
away with the swag, 1 won't t
him. If he does the square thing I'll
divide—if he don’t I'll keep the twenty
thousand and he can whistle for his
share. I'll hide the box in my own
cache, and I'll hide it to-night.”
In a few moments Jack Martin was
| creeping through the pinesof Lame Hog
| Gulch. He was armed to the teeth, and
he knew a short cut to the canon where
the stolen treasure was buried. Jack
Martin crawled noilselessly through
the brush on his bands and knees. The
| pines, through which the night winds
| sighed in ghostly cadences, shut out the
| dim light of the stars, and the vicinity
of the cave was as dark as the interior
of a cemetery vault, The robber had
| almost reached the place where the box
| was buried, when his quick ear detected
the presence of another person. He
| paused and lay flat upon the earth.
“Somebody is after that box,”
| muttered.
i A curse and a peculiar grunt of a
{ man who 18 endeavoring to lift a heavy
| burden broke the stiliness,
| ‘It’s that Greaser,’’ thought Martin.
| “Well, if he thinks he is going to swin-
dle me he is mistaken. His life ain’
worth the powder I'll burn to send him
to perdition.”
At this moment the man in the bush
or 3
i811
the
Ci
5%
the
ri
rus
he
had been displaced. He dragged t
box out of the cave. There was
sound of crackling twigs and the noise
| of jingling coin as the box was dragged
i
{16
the
through the brush. Then a dark form
crawled out of the thicket and strug-
gled down the canon, dragging the box
| behind him, Still Martin did not fire,
| although the mark was a fair one. He
even put up his pistol and followed his
doubly dishonest partner, It was a
long tramp-—the fixed stars were sink-
ing low on the horizon when the Mexi.
can reached the spot where he intended
! to hide the ill-gotten treasure. He had
| scarcely disappeared over the summit
| of the ridge after placing the box in the
new cache, when Martin sprang from
his place of concealment and disinterred
In another hour the treasure had
been reburied and Martin was sneaking
homeward in the gray dawn, exhausted
and sati fied with his night's work.
A month rolled by. The excitement
| engendered by the robbery of the Cam-
| po Seco stage had subsided to a still
hunt by Wells, Fargo & Co.'s dedec-
tives, The partners, with hypocritical
earnestness were talking of a division of
the spoil. A night had been named for
unearthing the treasure. Both men
1
1%,
Fron
tin was playing, his sarthy face filled
with rage.
“Jack Martin, I wal to see yououts
side,” he hissed betwin his set teeth,
Martin exchanged & faro chips for
money and arose, Theerisis had arri-
ved, The departures o the two men
was scarcely noticed bghe other play- |
ers. Suddenly they we startled by a |
pistol-shot, followed alpst Instantly by |
another, that rang outn the night air
with deadly distinctnesi As the crowd
rushed to the door, aman staggered |
into the room and fell 3adlong to the
floor. The bleod was ouring in tor- |
rents from his side, an the pallor of
| death was creeping ove his dark face,
1t was Pedro Valencia,
| “Who shot you, Pedrd”’ inquired one
of the gamblers,
| “I did.” Alleyes wei turned to the
door, in which stood Jek Martin, a
| smoking pistol in hishand.’ ‘“That
{ knife,” he continued, *% proof that I
{ shot him in self-defense.
{ As he spoke, he pointd to a murder-
ous bowie-knife which gdro clutchea
in his right band. Thaedying robber
raised himgself by a migly effort on his
elbow, and regarding hisartuer with a
| look in which importentage was min-
| gled with hate and mall, gasped his
denunciation:
“Jack Martin—and
—robbed the stage.
money from-—{rom
HOU mn 7?
With a gurgling groan the Mexican
sank back upon the flor, the blood |
| gushed from his nose andnouth, and in
| another instant he was del, The part-
nership was dissolved.
| On the trial for the nurder Jack
! Martin told the whole stor, and he told
it truthfully, notwithstading the ad- |
vice of his lawyers, wh expected a
heavy fee in the event of iis acquittal. !
He confessed the robberydetalled the
double play of himself ad Pedro, and
testified that when the liter on that |
fatal night accused him I removing
the treasure from the plee where he
Pedro) bad hidden it, he dmitted the
fact, When be refused tidivide,
Mexican had attacked hx with th
knife, and in self defence b had kille
his partner. This version { the affai
could not be disputed, anda verdict o
not guilty was rendered.
But Martin had not vealed
hiding place of the tweny thousand
dollars. On his trial forrobbery
pleaded guilty, and was sntenced
ten years in the State prisa. He car-
ried Lis secret with him, ad although |
his term has long since expiad, the spot
where the money was burid has never
been discovered, notwithsandiug the
fact that hundreds of men hve seéarch-
ed for it in every directia for miles
around Campo Seco, Aflehis release,
Martin disappeared, and its supposed
that he quietly and secretl} unearthed |
the treasure and fled withit to some |
| distant retreat, where he my be living |
at the present time a highy respected |
i
{
m—robbed the
H stole the— |
®. Twenty |
the
the §
the
he |
to
tin, i
ots sons A CMON SIL
irish Fun,
Sn
Any one in want of light asl amusing
literature, illustrating nations] manners |
and customs cannot do better thas study
the reports of Irish police cases, Never
mind what the offence may be, some
comic element is sure to beintroduced
by either the bench, the bay or the ac-
cused; while very request all join in
the promotion of harmless mirth, At
Blarney the other day, thee laborers
were arralgned for nearly murdering a
sheriff's officer on the high roel. Indeed,
had it not been for the Inletvenvion of
his wife, who happened to bd with him,
they would have made a conplete job
of it. Bat it was all a misike; as he
lay on the ground nearly squseless, he
heard one of his assailants sal: **Bedad.
now, he's as dead as a herrig, and it's
the wrong boy we've kilt.) For all
that they did not cease from maltreat-
ing him until, a hight being ruck. his
| identity was fully establisisd, Then
they all apologized like gadlemen for
their little blunder, and the ‘untoward
incident’ was at an end so fir as they
wera concerned. When giviig his evi-
dence the plaintiff stated fiat he had
presented a latch Key at tie rascals
when the affray began in thehope they
would mistake it for a revoyer. Just
in court he produced not ody a revel
ver but a swordstick, and wien one of
magistrates exclaimed “Why,
you're a regular armory?’ I§ blithely
answered, **Yes, your honog 1 intend
to be just that for the rest of my life.”
Another witness, being askd why he |
did not intertere to save the plaintiff
from being killed, replied: 'I'd have
been Kilt myself entirely if I Idn’t run
for the police.” In short. all concern
ed appeared to regard the bmtal out-
rage as quite a pleasant litle joke,
$he
wii
| although perhaps carried a trije too far.
and, when on the night selected for the |
a a
Ruoocking out History) i
———— ss—
the head of ihe canon, each was prepa~ | si
red to play his part. The bowlder was There isa wide spread belef among |
rolled away, and the Mexican, thrust. | Americans that the Declaratia of In- |
ing his band into the cave, gave veut to dependence was signed on the! ‘Fourth |
.a well simulated cry of dismay, of July.” The writings (f John!
“The box is gone!" he cried. Adams and Thomas Jefferso), as well |
“Gone!” echoed Martin, **You lie, | the printed journal of the Catinental |
you Greaser, you lie. It must be there,” | Congress, bear out this idea but a re- |
“Feel for yourself," the Mexican an. | cent investigation by the chieflibrarian |
swered. lof the Boston public libraly shows |
Martin, apparently trembling with | that wehavealong been laboridg under |
agitation threw himself on his knees @ mistake, The declaration vas read
and reached into the cave. Then he | and agreed to on the 4th of Jdy, but it
arose, and, grasping the Mexican by the | was not signed. It was ordejed to he
arm, exclalined: | suthenticated and printed ddring the
“Where is the box? You know where afternoon, and on the folloying day
itis, Don't go back on me, Pedro-- | copies were sent all’ over the vountry.
we're partners—we’ve risked our necks | On the 19th it was resolved that the
together to get this money, and it ain't | declaration be engrossed on pirchment
right to beat me this way, It's a joke | and signed by évery member.| On the |
on me, ain't it?" 204 of August nearly all of the mem- |
“I've played no joke on you, Jack, bers signed it. Thornton, lof New
Somebody followed us when we carried | Hampshire, did not sign unt] Novem.
off the box, that’s all, and they've stolen | ber4 of that year, and McK sh did not
the money—that’s all there is about it. | sign until 1781. Of course ndone pro-
We'll have to stand up another stage, | poses to change the day of oud celebra-
Jack. Maybe we'll bave better luck | tion. It is & fact that our ence
next time | was announced to the world ch the 4th
This explanation seemed to sat sfy | of July, and that is enougl. The
Martin, aud the partuers returned to | signing of the document was of less im-
Campo Seco. For a week they pretend. | portance, i
to plan her, |
) BINGULAR Aap . Tom
Thumb it ay ence to his "
Moderation is commonly fitm, and
firmnoss is commonly sucoessil,
We have faults
enough of
and need not be too seyere
own,
those
Island of Key West,
A traveler writes that on a recent
sunny day I sat in the bow of a south.
ward bound gulf steamer. I espled a
small black speck on the horizon, then
bought at Altoona and tells me how he
worked on the reservoir which new fur
nishes that city with water ; how he
took contracts at so much a yard for
A Pratuistoriec Race,
Forty miles from BSabinal, on the
eastern side of the Rio Grande, lie the
Querera. The foundations, made of
coral reefs of* Florida,
numerous white house
very vvarm in the glari
is the city of Key Wes!
runs up alongside the do ':, where there
18 4 mass of warm look: 2 humanity,
waiting to extend to th
warm reception. A wiik
streets convinced
sunshine,
through the
at everybody
ind is warm.
me
looks warm, feels war
A glass of water taken
on a small table proves to be warm, and
I am annoyed to find it warm,
an hour I find a suitable room wherein
to locate. which has one door and four
and one-fourth windows (three-fourths
of the fifth window belongs to another
room) and all wide open. Why they
are open I do not know, unless it is to
let the warm air in, as il seems as warm
inside as out. 1 endeavor to keep cool,
bat find that every effort I make to that
getting thoroughly warmed up to the
situation,
The city of Key West is built on the
key of that name, which is one of the
largest of the group of islets, or keys,
which extend from the southern j
of the mainland way southwest out i
There are only a few small
keys west of 1t, and it is the farthest
south, being the most southern point of
Uncle Sam’s possaisions. Its latitude
degrees 32 north, The Key i
seven miles long and four wide at it
broadest point. The surface is
and flat, and the highest elevation
sixteen feet above the sea level, Al-
though the whole key is covered with
grass and scrub, but little of it 18 cul.
tivated, as it requires a pick-axe to turn
The cocoanut tree is the
most interesting, with its long fan-like
branches swaying in the wiad, and the
fruit nestled close to the trunk of the
tree in large bunches, Desides the ¢o-
coanut there are a few bananas and
several varieties of the cacti
s3int
DLL
fut
in
0
5 £4
18 24
The lowest temperature ever re-
was 41 degrees. Jack Frost
never covered the island with his white
mantle,
The town itself is quite odd. The
building material 18 wood, and as to
shape and style there are none, The
buildings may have the appearance of a
house, barn, stable, hayshed, woodshed,
or anything; but they are all occupied
as dwellings, The houses may be epect-
ed on any part of the lot, and many on
one lot in some places. They are not
afraid of getting close together. The
large majority of the inhabitants are
Cubans, who were dissatisfied with their
pine,
hamas, and last is the Americans, who
number about one thousand in fourteen
thousand population. One hotel
two or three boarding houses are the
wholesale business is nearly all done in
the auction rooms, especially in the live
of fruit. The chief industry is the manu-
facturing of cigars made of Havana
tobacco, and the Cubans have #hat
branch of business to themselves. There
are more cigars made here than in any
other city in United States of its
size. The Conks are employed in sponge
fishing along the Keys to the eastward.
Ro i
1
i
the
Nolay lialiavs,
A traveler in Europe writes; there
were hard-working men and women in
the train with me from the moment of
leaving Paris. 1 marvelled how easily
they assimilated themselves to their
hard circumstances. There was am-
ple space. as the passengers were not
many, and when tired they would
stretch out at full length or half length,
or in the most crooked and twisted and
cramping positions, and sleep and snore
as though on the softest of bed. Pos
sibly their own was no better at home.
Possibly their rooms were too smail to
admit their full Jengt! r sitting or
standing. When gry they would
run into the hittie resauraunts at the
stations and get a bottle of wine and a
loaf of read for a few sous, and on
these would feast with entire satisfac.
tion. But I have no doubt they would
enjoy a meal of many courses, artistic-
ally cooked, as well as the lords of the
1and through which we pass, and whose
villas are one where the miserable huts
and cottages of workmen are thous
ands.
After leaving Macon, which is the
junction of the Marseilles and Italian
routes, many Italians entered the train.
Some munched dry bread and drank
wine ; and the insinuating odor of gar-
i eithe
Piedmonte are
They talk
volubly to each other and sing duets
from Italian operas with voices not the
worst 1 have ever heard. They are in
cordoroy suits and have tremendous
hob-nailed boots on their feet and to
their knees, They smoke pipes con-
Two brawny men of
stock of matches, I offer a “vestal’’ to
the olderone of the two and he re
sponds with a “Tank you.’ I look at
him in surprise, and he says:
“1 know you Inglesi by your bag.”
And he points to my tourist's knap-
sack.
speak English, and he .eplies :
“In America. You Americano ¥'*
1
Pennsylvania,”
he shows me a mining store
book of a firm in each place, and whose
names were well known to me, with
entries of all kindg and his name *“John
Rod ** inscribed thereon,
“But you are not John Rodgers in
Italy 7’ 1 say to him,
no ; here 1s the name in Itali-
he tnrns on the last page of
books, .
‘G "ry
w
fovanm
ou
of others,
§
driven from place by the decrease of
milk and honey for every one ; how he
he had been working in the mines
ness was depressed there and
ceased operation and how he was again
going back to his family,
Polar Bears
It 18 no uncommon event for a polar
bear to grow! along the ice-floes of the
sea-coast, which is its favorite whik,
village ; and, if the dogs see it, or smell
it, it is very apt to be brought to bay
near by, and then killed by some of the
native hunters, who have been alarmed
by the noise and outcry. A fair
cn the open ice with a polar bear
somewhat dangerous for if severly
wounded, it may tear the hanter to
pleces, The Eski iom wound
any dangerous animals, YT a
very brave people—that is, |
brave—they generally go so close that,
unless some accident with the firearm
happens, the animal, whether ir
musk-ox, is usually killed at ]
shot. I once found an old
hunter, however, in my cam
Hudson’s bay whose hair and sc
been taken completely off by
of a wounded bear he had end
to kill ; and once fi
big bear with too hasty an aim, hoping
save of his dogs that the bear
had under its paws. He only wound-
ed the huge animal, whi nstantly
charged him, and was only d bya
lucky shot just as it was close upon the
hunter.
Toolooah told
polar bears cl
and perpendicular that tl
conld not w them wilhou
in the wall of ice niches wherein to p
their hands and feet, and ¢ in
some instances, an ice-wall high
that the hunters dared net attempt to
climb it on account of the danger of
slipping off and killing themselves, A
British explorer in the Artic regions
says that he once climbed to the top of
an iceberg and there found a big white
bear sleeping away inquiet possession.
The bear, on discovering the party,
jumped over the perpendicular side of
» joe mounnain, fifty one feel, into
the sea, and swam to the nearest land,
which was more than twenty miles
The polar bears live on seal and
walrus, crawling stealthily up to the
former on the ice-floes and
hem while of the walrus
oung are thus caught, for :
‘
us is twice as big as bruln,
ordi t
MELT
0 Bei
for, being
TT Y rst
Toolooah
to one
seen
sleep
natives
Lt culling
it
folie
Yen.
Away.
§
|!
5
I
oles
An Irate firide,
“1 have urgent and important busi
ness. ’’ said a young lady . when told by
an officer at Essex Market that Justice
Duffy did not wT Sum.
monses and warrants on days. She
carried in ber arms a large bundle,
which she placed on the bench, and
proceed to open it. when Justice
stopped her.
“Its wedding
“1 want to show it ¢
ped in
receive callers fx
Sun
¥
the
FY
Mik
rnoon., The dress.
maker didn't inake the dress right at all.
It's a great deal too large me, 1
look like a slob in it," and she was on
the verge of tears.
“What can 1 do about |
Justice Duffy 1n bewilderment,
«I want to have her arrested for false
pretenses, She guaranteed that
dress would it me, and I paid he:
fore I tried it on.”
“What does your mother say aboul
Te
mani
for
asked
3%
the
bee
“Boo-boo-boo, she-she sa-says it f-
fits we."
«I think I understand the case,” re.
i Justice Duffy. “Go home and
vou will look like
wedding.”
a ———
marke
slop cry
fright at ths
el
songs have Two Lives
“Songs,” said a favorite ballad singer
the other day to the New York Jour-
nal. *‘are a good deal like ladies’ bon.
nets, You've got to keep changing the
style all the time. A good song which
becomes popular has two lives. When
it first comes out and begins to catch on
you hear everybody humming it, and
when the bootblacks and newsboys take
it up and start to whistle the tune ils
popularity is assured. After a while
people begin to get tired and you hear a
groan when some fakir strikes up the
air. When a few years have rolled
around though and when you spring the
song on the public again everybody be-
gins to applaud. 1 tell you there is no
story takes a man’s mind back like an
old soug revived. 1 remember a good
worried a good deal by a hand organ
threatened to shoot me for singing ‘Ben
I saw that man in the audience
and when 1 sprung the song on him for
an encore I saw the water come into his
He may have cried because he
hadn't shot me when he threatened to,
———————— A AID OI S00
Notd Women Defenders,
The valor with which the women of
Saragossa aided in the defense of their
city against the French, still lives in
the hearts of Spaniards, Two thousand
and maidens of Madrid have
reat things can yet be
accomplished by the women of Castile,
in holding a tobacco against
the armed forces of the town military
and cvil—to say n of the minor
one ot i aati se and Snot ad
urniture
The cause of this out.
ligious purposes, The stones are not
hewn, but are Jail up in good shape,
The land in the vicinity shows evidence
of cultivation, At many places along
the Rio Grande the ruins of these stone
houses can be seen, often accompanied
by evidences of cultivation of the sod.
The houses were always built on a
knoll or point commanding a view of
surrounding country, and where
there were many of them they joined
that the whole would
form a fort affording protection against
neighboring savages, Almost every
water-course and hundreds of gulches
and valleys where there is no wal
tain the ruins of these houses and ]
tages, The rock used is always malpe-
ris, or a kind of hard sandstone, A
large hole was dug in the center of
every village, haps to hold water,
but there 18 no cer n it, and it is
more lkely that they were used in reli
gious rites, Large quantities of broken
pottery are found about these villages,
and in the few places where excavations
have been made many articles
have been found, and en skeletons,
Urious
Lire
»% in diam-
f tha ri :
Va, oe
diang o
thelr dead, hide
are
Excavations ix
ROW,
{ft}
i ALAS
never found by
mount i, but y walter
A great deal of broken pottery is
over the hills near this
ch appears to bave been the
one in that section. Ten miles
on the divide, a wagon-load of petr!
oyster shells could be picked up. T
part of New Mexico abounds in petr
cations of various kinds. Itis no 1
common sight to see trees three feet in
diameter and fifty feet long petrified
and often crystalized. The crystals—
red, yellow, black white—are often
very beautifal and would make hand.
some ornaments eastern parlors,
The petrified forest
all
tered bull
will
south
Rhnsdodendron
creek in Arizona has been written about
80 much that many have the mistaken
idea that all the petrifactions are cone
tained in this forest, ‘etrified trees
are found for 250 mi of Sunset,
Arizona.
Major Stevenson, of the United States
geological survey, has done good work
here for the past two years in develop-
ing the history of the Pueblo Indians,
He has just shipped five car-loads of
pottery, blankets, weapons, agricultu-
ete., ete, illustrative
of the manners, customs, and general
civilizat { these people, but this
work does not tell us of the people who
swarmed over this country before the
time of the Pueblos, who do not num-
ber over 17,000, while the former people
ies east
ral implements,
8,
won o
must have numbered hundreds of thous.
ands, and were probably identical with
the mound builders of the western
prairies and the cave dwellers of Arizo-
na.
coms sssmasss a AI A 57 5
fitstory of the Alphabet,
The most ancient of books, a papy-
rus found at Thebes, now perserved in
the French National Library, supplies
the earliest forms of the letters used in
the Semitic alphabet. The stone tab-
lets of thelaw could have been possible
to the Jews only because of their po-
93 of an alphabel, and thus the
modern philological science
ig & common origin to
the alphabet which is in daily use
throughout the world. The nineteenth
century before Christ is held Taylo
by
we the approximate date of t
belie writing, and from that
graw by degrees, while from Egypt,
the home of the Jews during their long
captivity, the knowledge of the alpha.
bet was carried in all directions where
alphabets are now found
The Aryans are thought to have been
the first to bring the primitive alphabet
to perfection, and each letter and each
sound may be traced by Taylor’s care-
ful analysis through all the changes
that have marked the growth, progress
and in some instances, the decay, of
different letters of various alphabets,
| It is an interesting fact that the oldesy
| known "A BC" in existence is a child's
| alphabet scratched on an ink bottle of
vlack ware, found in one of the oldest
Greek settlements in Italy, attributed
to the fifth certury before Christ. The
| earliest letters, and later ones, are
known only by inscriptions ; and itis
| the rapid increase, by recent discovery,
of these precious fragments that has in-
spired more Stligemt reseaich and quick.
ened the zeal of learned students in
mastering the elements of knowledge
of their origin and history throughout
Mie world, As late as 1876 there were
| found at Cyprus some bronze plates In-
| scribed with Phoenician characters,
{ dating back to the tenth and even the
| eleventh century before Christ,
{ Eachepoch has its fragments, and
| the industry of English explorers, the
perseverance of German students, and
the genius of French scholars, have
all contnbuted to group them in their
chronological order, Coins, engraved
gems, inscribed statues, and, last of all
the Siloam inscription, found in 1880 at
Jerusalem on the wall of au old tunnel
have supplied new materials for the
Mavens. From the common mother of