How Colds are Taken,
A person in good health, with fair
‘play, says The Lancet, easily resist
gold. But when the health flags a
little, and liberties are taken with the
stomach, or the nervous system, a chill
is easily taken, and according to the
~weak spot of the individual, assumes
the form of a cold or pneumonia, or, it
may be, jaundice. Of all causes of
“‘eold’’ probably fatigue is one of the
most efficient. A jaded man coming
home at night from a long day’s work,
a growing youth losing two hours’s
-aleep over evening parties two or three
times a week, or a young lady heavily
“doing the season,” young children
over-fed and with a short allowance of
sleep, are the common instances of the
victims of ‘‘ecold.” Luxury is favors
able to chill-taking ; very hot rooms,
soft chairs, feather beds, create a sensi-
tiveness that leads to catarrh. It is
not, after all, the ‘cold’ that isso much
to be feard as the antecedent conditions
that give the attack a chance of doing
harm, Some of the worst ‘‘colds”
happen to those who do not leave their
house or even their bed, and those who
are most invulnerable are often those
who are most exposed to changes of
temperature, and who by good sleep,
cold bathing and regular habits preserve
the tone of their nervous system and
circulation. Probably many chills are
contracted at night or at the fag end
of the day, when tired people get the
equilibrium of their circulation disturb-
ed by either everheated sitting-rooms
or underheated bed-roems and beds.
This is specially the case with elderly
people. In such cases the mischief is
not always done instantaneously, orin a
single night. It often takes place in-
sidiously, extending over days and even
weeks. It thus appears that *‘taking
cold” is not by any means a simple re-
sult of a lower temperature, but depends
largely on personal conditions and
habits, affecting especially the
vous and muscular energy of
body.
ner-
the
—— A———————
Sunlit Rooms.
No article of furniture will be put in
a room that will not stand sunlight, for
every room in a dwelling should have
the windows so arranged that sometime
during the day a flood of sunlight will
force itself iuto the apartment. - The
importance of admitting the light of the
sun freely to all parts of our dwellings
cannot be too highly estimated. In-
deed, perfect health is nearly as much
dependent on pure sunlight as it is on
pure air. Sunlight should never be ex-
eluded except when go bright as to be
uncomfortable to the eyes. And walk-
ing should be in bright sunlight, so that
the eyes are protected by veil or parasol
when inconveniently intense, A sun-
bath is of wore importance in preserving
a healthful-condition of the body. than
is generally understood. A sun-bath
«osts nothing, and that is a misfortune,
for people are deluded with the idea
that those things only can be good or
useful which cost money ; but remem-
ber that pure water, pure air and sunlit
homes, kept free from dampness, will
secure vou from many heavy bills of the
doctors, and give you health and’ vigor
which no money can procure,
- well established fact that
people who
wr aud healthier than those whose occu-
pations deprive them of sunlight. And
certainly there is nothing strange in the
result, since the same law applies with
equal force to every inanimate thing in
nature. It is quite easy to arrange an
isolated dwelling so that every room
may be flooded with sunlight some time
in the day, and it is possible that many
“town houses could be so built as to admit
more light than they now receive,
Anos —
The Irreprsseible Celt,
The Irishman was arraigned for as-
sault and battery. The clerk, after
reading the indictment, asked the pris-
-oner, in accordance with the form
then is use,—*“Do you demand a trial on
“#his indictment ?’* ‘‘Niver a trinl do I
want,” answered Pat, with the utmost
monchalance. “Ye need not give your-
wolf the throuble of thryin’ me. Ye
anay as well save the expinse of that,
sand put me down innocent. Contint
1'd Le to lave the house wid me blessin’
* von ye ; indade,Lit’s anxious 1 am, for me
ices is waitin’ for me beyant. I want
mone of yez trials at all, at all!’’ And
Pat, thinking be had settled the busi-
‘ness, rose to leave the dock, but was, of
« «course, prevented. When the laughter
. had subsided, the clerk, changing the
form of the question, asked-—‘‘Are you
. guilty. or not guilty ?’ “‘Asrah, and
tow cau I tell till 7 hear the ividence I”
aawered Pa, It was several minutes
Home Economies.
A mixture of two parts of glycerine,
one part of ammonia and a little rose
water whitens and seftens the hands.
Washing pine floor in solution of one
pound of copperas dissolved in one gal-
lon of strong lye gives an oak color.
Goop, PLAIN Sours,— Beef Soup.—
Procure a good shin of beef and crack
it three or four times; put on to boil
at nine o'clock ; boil hard till eleven,
then take out the meat and be sure to
get all the bones out; then put four
turnips, four carrots, half a small head
of cabbage, cut all up fine in the chop-
ping bowl ; put in a large onion, if the
family like onions, and put the chopped
vegetables in the soup pot. At half-
past eleven, if dinner is to be served at
twelve, put three or four potatoes sliced
very thin and some milk dumplings
into the soup; just before taking up
season with salt. and pepper, and put in
some parsley or summer savory. If
you make beef soup in tomato season,
put in half a dozen,
Chicken Soup.—Wash two good, fat
fowls, and put on to boil, according to
size and age of the fowls and the time
you are to dine; if at twelve, put some
nicely washed rice, about a tablespoon-
ful, into the pot at ten, make some
drawn butter, take out the chickens
put them whole on a dish, pour the
drawn butter, well seasoned, over them,
and four hard boiled eggs cut crosswise
and laid ower them: send to the table
piping hot. Season the soup with pep
per and salt only. Veal mutton
makes an excellent soup in this way.
Noodle Soup.---Cut fine all the flesh
from the bones of two fowls and to
gether with the frame put the meat to
boil ; about an hour before dinner take
out the bones, or frame ; half an hou-
before put in some made as
follows : Four eggs well beaten, mixed
well with flour and a pinch of salt, stiff
enough to roll very thin; make two
hours before you are ready to use them ;
cut them into the thinnest possible
strips; season the soup with salt and
pepper.
or
noodles
- As
Queen Victoria's Yachts.
The Admiralty have decided that the
Victoria and Albert, the Queen’s prin-
cipal yacht, is to be thoroughly refitted
and renovated, The vessel is a steam-
yacht of 2470 tons, and her original cost
was nearly £120,000. There would be
no justification whatever for building a
new yacht in the place of the Victoria
and Albert, as was recently proposed,
because during thelast ten years she had
not been used by the Queen for half as
many weeks, Her sole service, indeed,
has been to convey Her Majesty to
Cherbourg and back, on the rare occa-
gions when she had visited the Continent,
an amount of work to which her annual
cost seems monstrously out of proportion,
especially when it is remembered that
there is the Osborne (1850 tons) always
available, to say nothing of the Alberta
(870 tons) and the Elfin (90 tons). The
ammual pay of the officers and seamen
employed on these four vessels
to over £16,000, and last year over £5000
was paid to workmen in Portsmouth
amounts
dockyard who were employed on them.
Besides which there are further charges
jn connection with them, amounting to
at least £10000 a year, and they are
altered and redecorated with startling
frequency, which entails additional ex-
penditure,
---
A Noble | Lad.
A poor boy, ‘whose name no one
knows, but which should be written
in the book of fame, found three little
children, who, like himself, had been
washed ashore from one of the many
wrecks, wandering along the dreary
coast in the driving sleet, They
were crying Dbitterly, having been
parted from their parents, snd net
knowing whether they were drowned or
saved. The poor lad took them to a
shelterd spot, plucked moss for them,
and made them a rude but soft bed;
and then, taking off his own jacket to
cover them, sat by them all night long,
soothing their terror till they fell asleep,
In the morning, leaving them still
asleep, he went in search of their
parents, and to his great joy met them
looking for their children, whom they
had given up for dead, He directed
them where to find them, and then
went on himself to find some place of
shelter and refreshment. But wben
the parents were returning with their
recovered little ones, they found their
brave preserver lying quite dead upon
the snow, not far from where they part~
ed from him, The long exposure in his
exhausted state had proved too much
for his little strength, and after saving
his little charges—a stranger to them
as well as they to him—he lay down to
die,
ns soins IS
The young man was trying to play
sober. He sat with the young lady on
‘the front steps. He studied for a long
time, trying to think of something that
would illustrate his sobriety. Finally
be looked up, and solemnly said : “The
(hic) moon's full as a goose ; ain't it ¥’
The Art of Cooking an Ome~
lette.,
a
Why is it that we so rarely get a
good omelette? What are the reasons
that make the majority of cooks break
down over this simple dish ? These are
easy questions to ask, but ditlicult to
answer.
I will try and explain how to make
an omelette, though I must say that
personally 1 think a little piece of onion
is a great improvement to savory ome-
lettes,
We will first make an omelette
fines herbes, as perhaps under this
name some cooks will be more willing
to learn ; and I will go to the bottom of
the secret at once. Would it surprise
you to hear that you have nothing in
the house that you can make an ome-
lette in ? “This is probably a fact. An
omelette should be made in an omelette
pan, and naturally the next question is,
* What an omelette-pan ?' The
most practical answer to this is, An
omelette-pan is a small ordinary frying-
that has never cooked anything
omelettes. This what cooks
believe, Their argument is,
parcel of stuff.” But it
fact for all that, If you dou
fact, order omelette
the ordinary frying-pan—
it be cleaned—and then notice its color,
Next buy a small new frying-pan. Boil
a little water with a piece of soda in it
take the of the
make an omelette in this, and you
taste the diffs
this experimch
aur
18
pan
but
won't
Oh,
is
is a
the
an to be made in
however well
AWAY taste tin, and
see, and too, ence,
We will
been tried. Next, we will start as fol-
We three
and some butter ready. F
a small
suppose Las
lows- have
ley,
enough parsley to
egEs, Some pars-
make
of “mixed sweet herbs ”’
take
have a bottle
in the house
finger and thumb—and add to the pars
ley before you chop it. Chop up the
parsley and herbs fine, and add to them |
a small saltspoonful of salt and half a
one of pepper.
eggs separately to.see if they are good,
beaten add the chopped parsiey, ec.
and mix them thoroughly in.
Next take two ounces of good butter
and melt it over the fire in the omelette-
pan till it froths,
Remember, the fire must be good and
in fact, an omeletie wants a
In the present day most
but if you try
and make an omelelte over
vou must take care there is no smoke,
Another point to remember is to have |
the beaten-up eggs and all ready, 50 as
to add to the butter directly it froths in
the omelette-pan, After a very little
time over a good fire the butter will
begin to turn color, and at last
turn a brown. Now this
very well if we want to make
butter for boiled skaté, but
spoil an omelette,
and clear ;
sharp fire,
stoves are shut-up ones,
will
rich
black
it will
As soon as the butter begins to froth |
from the (ire, pour quiekly into the
omlette-pan the beaten eggs, Xo.
also froth from the beating.
air-bubbles help to make the
omelette light. Directly you pour
the egg take a tablespoon and stir it up
quickly, scraping the bottom of the
omelette-pan all over to prevent the
mixture stigking, and consequently
burning. You will now find that it all
commences to turn lumpy. This is
what it should do, and when it is nearly
all lumpy scrape it on to one side of the
omelette-pan—the side away from you
«80 a8 to make ita semi-circular shape,
You can now, if the fire is rather
flerce, raise the pan 0 as to slacken the
heat. When it is almost set, take the
pan off the fire and slant it in front of
the fire, if you have part of the front
open, or, still better, hold a red-hot
shovel over the omelette. This will
help to make it light. Do not, however,
brown it beyond a few brown specks,
Now take a slice and slide the omelette
off the frying-pan on to a hot dish, and
serve it quickly. This is a plain, savory
omelette.
1 have before said that I think alittle
piece of onion chopped up with the
parsley an improvement. If you like
onion take care you den’t put in too
much. A piece of onion the size of the
top of the finger would be ample, aud be
careful to chop it fine. Itis not pleas-
ant in an omelette to come acIvss a
piece which we have to crunch,
Another open point is whether it is
best to serve gravy with 4 savory ome-
Jette, Like adding onion, this is a
matter of taste, 1 think that, if you
add onion to an omelette, gravy is a
decided improvement, and that if you
don’t intend serving gravy it is best to
omit the onion, The gravy suitable to
be served with omelettes is a good
brown gravy, similar to that which
would be handed round with a roast
fowl or turkey. Sometimes gin
are served with some sort of rich
with them, For mstance, we can have
omelette with kidney, oyster, ham, or
| Parmesan. When you have the meat
must
These
1 or rich ragout served with the omelette,
but not mized with it, you must some-
what vary your method of cooking the
omelette,
a large ladleful of stewed kidneys;
omelette with oysters is an omelette
with a mixtyur: similar to the inside of
on oyster patty served with it.
When you have a meat or forcemeat
of this description you should let your
omelette set in the frying-pan in a cir-
cular shape instead of a semi-circular,
and when it is almost set,
spoonful or ladleful of meat, &c., on
one half, and then turn the other half
of the omelette over on to it, leave a
little omelette mixture sufficiently unset
to scrape it quickly round--to fix to-
gether the edges when it has been turned
over. This requires some little prac.
tice,
the omelette by mixing in other things
with the beaten egg. For
you can add Parmesan cheese
of course—
instance,
grated,
or any kind of grated cheese,
A
Mispronounced Words,
not kal
kam-el-o-piird, not kam-
Calliope—-kal-li
Camelopard
el-]
Cantatrice-
ta-treess’,
Canon—Xkiin’-yun, not kan"-nun,
word Is also sometimes spelled
“O-], ~li-0pe,
top’-ard.
kiin-ta-tré-che, not kan'-
This
canyon,
pronounced as above or kiin-yone.
Capoch—ka-pootsh’, not ka-poch, This
word is also spelled capouch, but pro-
nounced as we give it above.
Carminative Kiir-min’-a-tive, not
{| Kir’
Casualty —kazh’'-u-al-ty, not kis-u-al'
~min-nia-tive,
Cater-cornered —ki-ter-cor-nerd, not
Ay-cor-nerd,
‘atalpa—ka-tal-pa, not ka'-tawl-pa
‘ateh—-kiteh, not kétch,
Caucasian--kaw-ka'-sian,
| kiish'<ian, kaw-kaz'-ian,
| kass'-jan,
Cayeune
Year v
not kKaw-
nor nor kaw-
~-kia-en’, not Ki-en',
Chaps—chops, not chips,
Chasten—ehit-sen, not chiis-en,
Chew
Chimera-——Kim-
| nor ki-mée
as spelled, not chaw,
ra, not chi-mé -ra,
TR.
Chivalric
| rik.
{ allowable,
l-rik. not shiv-al-
the
in
~shiv-a
Worcester ast
but it
| with the best usage.
sanctions As
seems not accord
i che-che-ro -ne, or 8is-e-ri'-
} Tt
i This word
| come thoroughly naturalized.
|
i 5;
i
i
i
|
i
Circerone
ne, not sis’ -e-rone, has be-
not si-drate,
klum).
not
trate.
Climbed,
sit rate,
not clomb
Koch --neel,
nee] nor ko'-ki-neel,
Cognoman—-Kog-nd’-man,
no-man,
Coleslaw, not cold slaw,
Combatant—Kom'-bat-ant,
| bat'-ant.
Combativeness
| not kKom-bilt'-ive-ness,
Comparable —— kom'-p'r-a-ble,
| kom-pir-asble.
| Complaisance
Cochineal-- ki -chi«
kog'-
not
not kom-
kom -b’t-ive-ness,
not
kom'-plia-zans, not
kOm-pli-zans. Worcester favors kom-
pli-zans’, but the best usage fixes the
accent on the first syllable and so too of
complaisant and complaisantly.
Comptroller —kon-trol-er, not Komo-
{ troller.
Conduit—kom «dit kin'dit, not
kon'-dite,
Confab-—not conflab,
Congeries—kon-j¢'-ri-ee
rez nor kKon'-jé-réz.
Contiguous—Kkon-Lig -u-us,
tij ~ti-ts,
Contour—kin-toor’, not kén'460r,
#Contra danee, not country dance.
Contrary—kon'-tri-ré, not Kon-tri's
re.
Contumacy—kon'-tii-mi-sé, fot kon-
tii -méi-se,
Contumely--kon'-tu-
tu’-ma-le,
Conversant—kion'svér sant,
vér.sint,
——
¢NoTE. It is not uncommon to hear
of one climbing down. This is not cor-
rect, One climbs up, not down,
{Nore —This compound word Sots
from the German kohl 3} (enbiuige), uid
om, Duteh, ani sliced
cabbage. We sometimes hear
of limited education say ‘hot
cold slaw,” when they mean hot kohl
slaw or hot sliced cabbage,
|The a in second syllable slurred or
Unprono
{Contre-danse, in French, means par-
‘ties standing opposite each other.
->
Tue production of the precious
metals in the United States from 1848
to 1882 amounted to 2,200,000,000,
the portions being —.gold, 1,600,000,000,
‘and silver, $600,000
The product of SA wan, guid, $32,-
500,000 ; silver, $46,800,000 ; There was
a small falling off in gold as compared
with 1881, but an increase in silver for
same period, more than making up the
deficit in value,
It may be gratifying to know that the
United States stand first in the list of
or
7. not kon-je’,
not kon-
ma-le, not kin-
not kin-
second and Russia third,
The French System of Arbitra-
tion.
A “Council of Wise Men” is created
in a manafacturing centre on the re-
quisition of the Municipal Council, It
consists of six or more prud’hommes
elected in equal numbers by the masters
and workmen, and a President and
Vice-President appointed by the Gov-
ernment, one of them being an em-
ployer and the other a workman. The
nomination of the two
chief members is complained of by some
workingmen, but is approved of by
others, as experience gained under a
former law tended to show that election
by the Councils caused strife that was
never healed, and led to much party
feeling. The President and Vice-Presi-
dent hold office for three years and
eligible for reappointment,
prwd’ hommes are elected for six years,
but one-half retire every three vears,
In case of vacancy occurring the
Prefect of the municipality orders a
new election, No man iseligible under
be
must
are
i“
the age of 30, and the electors must
25 years of age, if workmen,
have served at their trade for fives
Neither President, Vice-President
member of the Council is paid, a
w hich,
and,
Curs,
nor
fact
surprising as it may seem to us
is not apparently looked upon in France
as materially
efficient working
many towns there
intertering
of the
are several
council,
trades being in a somewhat
with the ge
on of securing in measure
grouped
arbitrary fashion,
intent
but neral
some
similarity in the trade customs and
regulations of and
the
vach group,
acquaintance
with
enable them to adjudicate
The most
pect the powers of a regular Law Court,
and take ¢
maser
sufficient
uf
10
on part
tra les
intelli
the councilors these
ge i §1 it] iy,
mseils’! have
in
oghizanc 0 Of « disputes be {tween
and workman
JeTnsel ves,
and
The
into a private Bureau
a general Bureau, the former consist
of two members and intended to + fect
workmen tl Conseil is
sub-divided
¢
¥
dispute
makers
‘the
the
18
from
* for hearing before
Surean,
must go
larger Procedure
and admirable, On
the CO] of
sends a corteous invitation
for.dant 10
This invitation
buat if not,
at the cost of the suit
simple & Of
the (
to
ceria
ers ounce
the de-
attend at a Lime,
is generally accepted |
a formal summons is
, and, if necessary,
a third is issued at the cost of the
fendant, who, failing to then appear,
liable to punishment for contempt of
Court and to having judgment by
fault rendered against him, At
hearing no lawyer or attorney can plead ;
(fe
and defendant permitted, as it might by
developing hot temper retard an
Fach party
stricted to merely answering
of fact.
if necessary, and are allowed small fees,
The of
except in certain cases, as
ments
In
CAsY
settlement. is wisely re-
questions
decision the Council is final,
when
these
docn-
are disputed. ex-
to the tribunals,
fourths of the cases which come
the general Bureau
exvending sixpence |
Ordinary
before
involve costs not
the utmost cost
possible is not over five shillings ster-
ling.
Now, as to results. There are in
France 132 Conseils, a considerable in-
erease on a few years ago. Before
these, in 1880, 30 429 cases came up, of
which one-fourth were settled before
passing the conciliators of the private
Bureaus. In an annual average of 7955
cases put down for hearing before the
general Courts 4780, or three-fifths,
were withdrawn before hearing. A
system which can show such results in
the conciliation of contending parties
and in the prevention of costly appeals,
and yet at the same time secure sub-
stantial justice to all concerned, is well
worthy of the careful consideration of
social economists and of the general
public,
The Champion Kisser.
The return of Miss Alice Harrison to
cident of her career when a member of
the famous California Company of four
or five yesrs ago, which may still pro-
voke a smile from those who witnessed
the occurrence in question. About the
time of Miss H.'s farewell bénefit at
that theatre General Sherman was visit-
ing the city, and with his staff occupied
a box of said performance. Now,
whatever difference of opinion may
exist as to the military renown of the
General of our armies, there is no dis
pute as to his being the champion
kisser of our continent, and is known
to frequently indulge in the proud boast
that he has kissed 90 per cent, of all the
preity girls of the United States. His
chief of staff once computted the Gene-
ral’s kissing monthly average, taken all
the year round, dry and wet seasons in-
cluded, at about 1806, or say, in round
ny
he would have kissed his way into the
White House years azo ; but his reluc-
tance to waste valuable time and raw
material in the pursuit of his hobby
induces him, with the true instincts of
a veteran professor of osculatiomn, to
select only the prettiest of the sex for
that honor.
At the benefit referred to, no sooner
did Miss Harrison appear on the stage
than the old war-horse snuffed the bat-
tle from afar, and began to grow rest
less and uneasy, The stalf winked at
each other, and soon their chief sug-
gested the propriety of going behind
the scenes to compliment the benefici-
ary.
We must now ask our readers to accor -
pany us to the little Danish settlement
of Eericvland on the borders of the Bal-
tic, in the year 1831, A village festival
being held, and as usual the distinguish-
ed visitors gather to salute the girl
has taken the annual prize for
cooking and virtue, There is a young
officer amid the number,
instead of printing the customary
upon the cheek of the
folds her his sky
on her
pump on
The minutes fly by,
the spectators
their stop watches on
American
who,
chaste salute
village celebrity, in
blue arms and settles down
about
the
the young officer comes
“as ure
inst
fjuarter 0 Lue
As he recovers his ex-
hausted wind the weather-beaten cap-
w approaches, and
BAYS :
“Young man, I'll give vou your own
“And why 77?
“Because hold
man
you ran
longer than any
ay
your
in the
We merely relate this little incident
The kisser was
Sut resume,
staff were behind t
Tecumseh. to
As soon as the he
with
the remark that he hadn’t kissed any-
He was standing
with his
and absorbed in be-
stowing a paternal kiss upon Alice, and
middie of the stage,
ing down a buttered rainbow, when that
impish young lady saw that the promp-
up the “drop.”
her hands over the
he could not hear the
ked him against the curtain,
As.every one knows, this wound around
wooden roller inside of
The General's coat-tails
were caught by this as the curtain went
and before the prompter could
the astounded man
about ten froin
from a clothes
was about to ring
plac ing
weral’s ears so
she bac
on the
CANVAS,
was suspended feet
a sheet
line,
The
audience weni off into hysterics
while the members of the
box
absolutely howled, for they only
knew that those convulisvely clutehin
gaiters belonged to
Commander-in-chiet of all our
But the first thing we know
Greneral’s coat will
will down
fui
hed dT
ring
give
way, so we the
curtain,
--
Clothes- Pins,
Nearly all of theo tothe sg-pins that find
in New England. The woods of which
they are made ave of white birch and
beech, good for this use but for not
mnch else, The logs are sawed off into
lengths of sixteen and twenty-two inches,
The latter are sawed up into little boards
to make the boxes for packing the pins.
The shorter lengths are sawed into strips
of suitable thickfiess for pins by gang
saws that make a block into strips
quicker than you could say Hohokus.
Then a gang of three saws cuts off the
strips into five-inch lengths, Each pin
is now just a squared block about five
inches long and three-quarters of an
inch square. In this shape they are fed
out of the troughs into automatic lathes,
each of which turns out eighty rounded
pins per minute. With equal rapidity
the knives of a slotting machine, set to
work like a circular saw, bite out the
sloping slot of each pin. When this is
done they are thoroughly seasoned in
drying kilns. The next process is pol
ishing. Forty bushels of them are
tossed together into a revolving drum,
where they make each other smooth by
their friction, and to finish them a little
tallow is thrown in when they are almost
done. That gives them a nice glossy
surface. After all that they are packed
in boxes—five gross in a box-—by girls
and are ready for the market,
Opposition is what we want and must
have, to be good for anything. Hard-
ship is the native soil of manhood and
self reliance.
A MA
Said a student of one college to a
friend who was attending a rival in-
stitution: “Your college never turns
out gentlemen.” ‘‘No," was the reply.
“Our college allows gentlemen to go
right on and graduate.”