—_—
—
Home Economies.
BrASED TUurkey.—Truss the tur-
key as for boiling ; stuff it with either
sausage meat, forcemeat, potato or
chestnut stuffing. Line the bottom of
a braising pan with slices of bacon ; lay
the turkey on these, and place more
slices of bacon on the top of it. Putin
two earrots and two onions cut in slices,
clove of garlic, whele pepper and salt to
taste ; moisten with some stock. Lay a
on the lid and braise with a moderate
fire (under and above) for about four
hours : then serve with gravy strained
and freed from excess of fat.
EayprTiAN Kanons,— Cut the lean
of a neck or loin of mutton into dice
about one inch square or larger. Have
some onions or tomatoes chopped to-
gether, and rub on these pieces, allow-
ing them to stand in the mixture two
stand them up in front of the fire or in
the oven, and turn as the meat becomes
brown, basting with the tomato juice,
and sprinkling with flour. Pour the
tomato juice and the gravy around the
kabobs when served. Make a broth of
the scraps and bones that are left in
preparing the kabobs,
OYSTER FRITTERS. — Fifty small oys-
ters, two eggs, one pint of flour, one
heaping teaspoonful of salt, one table-
spoonful of salad oil, enough water with
the oyster liquor to make a scant half
pint. Drain and chop the oysters, add
the water and salt to the liquor.
part of this on the flour, and when
smooth add the remainder.
oil and eggs, first well beaten. Stir the
oysters into the batter. Drop small
spoonfulls of this into boiling fat, and
fry until brown. Drain and serve hot.
— —
Pictures of Privation.
Hardships Endured by the Nail-
makers of England.
About 24,000 people are engaged in
the ‘Black Country’ part of Great Britain
in making nailsand rivets. It would not
be so much a matter for surprise, even |
for the lowness of wages that they earn, |
are engaged in this industry of |
the worst paid in any part of the, coun-
try. But it happens-——and
arises the social degradation of
traffic——that there are at least 16,000 fe- |
males engaged day after day in the oec- |
cupation. not all mature |
women either; daughters work by the |
side of their mothers—daughters
in their tender years, ought to
either at home, if they any |
home, or in bed, instead of working |
their weary arms in shaping, in the still |
small hours of the morning, molten iron |
into the form of nails for the benefit of |
what are called the ““foggers.”” Here |
is a picture of what may be seen any |
night in this district—except, perhaps, |
Saturday night. In the middle of
shed which adjoins a squalid-looking |
one
80 here |
the |
They are
who. i
be |
have
a |
mother, sons and daughters—daughters,
workers, The gayety of youth, its
ducted 1s 3d. for carriage to convey the
nails to the ‘ gaffers,”’ as they are
| termed in the district; then there Is
| allowance to be made for fuel and the
| repairing of the machinery, which re-
| duces the £1 to about 16s. 9d. for three
people—for three people who have com-
menced to work every morning at half-
past 7 or 8 o'clock, and who have worked
| on through all the weary day, with no
substantial food, until late at night.
Who is it that reaps the benefit of all
this terribly hard work ? Certainly not
the laborers ; for it is a well-known fact
that they rarely taste meat from one
week’s end to the other. In the expres.
i sive but simple language of one poor
| workman, this is how they fare:
“ When the bread comes hot from the
bakehouse oven on Saturday we eat it
| like ravening wolves.” The ** foggers”
| or * Tommy shop’ men live lives of
| contentment, profit and rest at the ex-
| pense of the poor nail-workers, The
* fogger *? is an intermediate agent be-
tween the worker of nails and the
buyer. Out of the bone and sinew of
these poor people he makes a very fine
living—and he does not work. He has
a huckster’s shop attached to his dwel-
ling ; he supplies, at the beginning of
the week, the nail-workers with their
| sixty-pound bundles of iron, and when
| they return the bundles of iron in the
marketable shape of nails—out of which
he makes at least twenty per cent profit
l. -if they do not buy his high-priced
provisions, they get no more work from
him. These are the men who, by cut-
ting. down the workmen's wages to
starvation point, are at the root of the
- London Standard,
lp
i
{
{ ¥
| evil,
i
Historical.
Fire engines were invented by Ctesi-
| bius 250 B. C.
| The first recorded plague in all parts
| of the world occurred 767 B. €.
The
| Cheltenham was discovered in 1718,
celebrated mineral spring at
February and January were added to
Brittany,
was conquered by Cesar 56 B, C.
Armorica, which is now
The practice of using a baldachin in
into England
in 1279,
New Brunswick was taken from
1785.
Conchology was first reduced to a sys-
tem in 1675 by John Daniel, Mayor of
Kiel,
Optic
1538 by
cian
nerves were discoversd about
N. Varole. a Bolognese physi-
andl surgeon.
The German flute was known to the
ancients, but has been much impreved
by the French in modern times,
The line of the house of Capet ended
with Charles IV. in 1328, and the throne
passed to the house of Valois,
It was in 153 that Cosmo dei Medici,
who had been banished, was recalled to
Florence and made chief of the Medici
The Parsees lived in Persia until 638,
{| when the Arabs annihilated their mon-
archy, and some submitted and the rest
fled to India.
crushed out of them,
bleak and wretched building, through
finds its way-—there is a “‘hearth,’”’ fed
by ‘‘gledes’ or breezes. Probably there
is a girl or woman blowing at the bel-
the nails are made become molten. Or
to take an actual case
s
witnessed
The lion and unicorn became the sup-
porters of the English royal arms in
1603 at the accession of James, The
unicorn was the Scottish supporter.
The Eugubine Tables were discovered
| by Gubbio in 1444, at ancient Eugu-
| binum. They are seven brazen tablets
with inscriptions relating to sacrifices ;
{ four are in Umbrian, two in Latin and
i one in a mixture of the two dialects,
a mother and several children,
mother was a woman probably
girl, with a sweet
was certainly not
flaxen-haired
winsome face-
than twelve years of age,
of the hearth there was what
cally called the “Oliver”
fixed the stamp of the particular pattern
and size of the nail required to be made,
The workmen and workwomen, by
means of a wooden treadle—an indus.
slot into which they are fixed. They
firmness, so as to form the head of the
nail.
work with more vigor than the men.
very often, indeed, they support their
husbands and their fathers, who may
have fallen into drunken habits; in
other cases, this nailaoaking is the
means of supplementing the husband's
wages,
But what do the nail-snakers earn a
week ? may naturally be asked, The
remuneration. they "receive is ineredibly
small. It is no unusual thing on the
contrary, it is rather the usual custom
for a family of three or four persons,
after working something like fourteen
hours a day, to earn £1 in a week. But
out of this money there has to be de-
The order of the Knights of St, Catha-
| rine was instituted in Palestine in 1063,
An order of Russian ladies of the high-
| est rank was founded by Peter the Great
Lin 1714, in honor of the bravery of his
They were to be
of life
{ Empress Catharine,
distinguished for purity and
NENnNers,
The
works which extends across the penin-
| sula of Schleswig, Holstein and Jutland
| was, it was thought, constructed during
| the stone age, “hyra rebuilt it
| in 937, and was on this account given
the surname of Dannabod or the pride
of the Danes,
Dannewirke or series of earth
Queen
Why He Was Absent.
-
i
i
§
¥
i -
:
{
The Reverend Whangdoodle Baxter
| recently met Jim Webster on Austin
{ avenue,
i “What's de reason, James, dat |
| doesn’t see yer at de church no moah ?'*
asked Whangdoodle,
** Becase | wasn't dar, I reckon,”
But why wasn't yer dar ?"’
“1 tell yon, parson, perzactly how
| dat am. Eber since I stole dem turkeys
'puten your hen coop I has done lost all
confidence in myself.”
a
Nearly 200,000 acres of Mississippi
delta land has been bought by Gen. Gor.
don of Georgia, It is the richest and
perhaps the most unhealthy land in the
world,
Etiquette and Steel Forks.
The writers of treatise on etiquette,
however much’ they may differ upon
many points of behavior, all agree in
telling us that one should not eat with
Now, this is a questioning
age, when the caustic intellect of the
rising generation bites into all assertions
which our predecessors have accepted as
axioms, and it may not be out of place
to inquire if there is any good existing
reason why man should not carry food
to his mouth with a knife, The pre-
judice against the use of the knife grew
up when tHe guests at an Anglo-Saxon
dinner-party brought their own knives
with them to the feast and cut there-
with their portions from the, common
dishes. Now, it is obvious that it would
be improper to eat with the knife which
was to be put into the common dish,
Our refined ancestors, therefore, con-
veyed their portions to their mouths
with their fingers, after having cut
them out with their case-knives, Re-
fined ladies then would have had reason
for shrinking with disgust from a man
who did not eat with his fingers, The
well-known saying that * fingers were
made before forks’ was once replied to |
by a clever Beostoniyn by the assertion
not. But when
forks came in and supplanted fingers the
reason for the prejudice against the use
that his fingers were
of the knife faded away, and our sensi-
ble forerunners of the century,
finding it impossible to their |
small vegetables upon the two-pronged
forks of the period, used their knives
fearlessly, and in a few old families the
last
balance
knives with their rounded edges and |
broadened ends still exist, showing the |
manner of a bygone age, as fossils show |
the animal world of the
period.
But, within the last few
silver forks have come into use,
silurian
Years, since |
knives |
are not allowed to approach the mouths, |
and a host at a dinner would prefer that |
neigh- |
that |
his guests should backbite their
make than
they should eat with their knives, It is |
that that the
mouth may be cut by the knife, is not |
bors or puns, rather
obvious the objection
tenable ; one might as well assert that |
the sharp points of the fork are likely to |
put out the latter's eye. tis simply a |
prejudice, which holds sway over human |
minds and which people observe, just as |
they retain two buttons over the coat- |
them has |
The prejudice
deep-rooted that courts have taken judi-
tail, long after the reason for
ceasisi to exist, #0
in
cial cognizance of it. Not long ago a |
German traveler was eating a piece of
Bologna
us nz his knife, The train suddenly :top- |
knife
against his mouth, and the man’s cheek |
sausage in & raliway train,
ped, just as the edge of the was |
was badly ent. The man sued the com- |
pany for damages, but the claim was
not sustained for the reason that it is |
%
not good manners to eat with a knife
Boston. Advertise:
iy -
Old Saws Revived.
As old as the hills—the valleys,
A handsome handkerchief around the |
neck of a swell young man does not al-
ways denote a sore throat.
The
won't
stubborn.
and
not always
who has red
acknowledge it,
He may be color Blind.
man be nose
is
Tomato red is the fashionable shade
of hair. it,
while others can
Some people can’t bear
Tin can.
A child being asked what were the
three great feasts of the Jews, promptly
replied : ‘Breakfast. dinner and sup.
per.”
Counsel : “Why are you so very pre- |
cise in your statement ? "Are you afraid |
of telling an untruth *7 Witness
promptly: ‘‘No, sir.”
they
the
of these
that
slaps
claim
that
(ne
mediums
up a spirit
spectators,
Virginia
can call
mouths of
fine evenings that spirit is going to slap |
the wrong man. ;
“Who was the first man?’ asked a |
teacher of a little girl. “*My papa was,’
she replied. “Oh, no: your papa was |
not the first man by any means.’
“Well, he was the first one 1 ever saw, |
anyhow. "’
An Irishman being little fuddled |
was asked what was his religious belief, |
“Is it belafe ve'd be asking me |
about ?7° said he,
widow Brady's, |
lings for whisky, and she belaves 11 |
never pay her, and that’s my belafe, |
i
my
“It's the same as the |
I owe her twelve shil- |
too,”
“A Troy man had his ear ripped olf |
by & buzz-saw, An excited youmg doc.
tor. who had been striving for several
months for his first case, stuck it on
backward, sewed it fast and it grew,
And now that man looks like a erack
trotter waiting to get the word, and he
can hear haf way round the square in
hoth directions,
That fellow has a monstrous foot, the
biggest 1 ever saw.’ ‘‘How large ?"
asked the general. “Give us some idea
of its size.’ “I don’t know that I can ;
but I'll tell you what's a fact. Ilis
foot was so big thate-well, you have
heard the old story of the fellow who
used the forks ef the road for a boot-
jack? Yes; well, Nick tried it, and
split the road so far that the geography
of the neighborhood was changed.
Sweetly sings a nineteenth century
poet : “What will heal my bleeding
heart ¥’ Lint, man, lint ; put on plenty
of lint, Or hold a cold door key to the
back of your neck, press a small roll of
paper under the end of your lip, and
hold up your left arm. This latter rem-
edy is to be used only in case your heart
bleeds at the nose,
———————————————————
A Mixture.
Ladies are like watches—pretty
enough to look at: sweet faces and
delicate hands, but somewhat difficult
to “‘regulate’’ after they are set a go-
ing.
Somebody put a fresh turnover in
among those on the counter of a rail-
way restaurant and the traveler who got
hold of it was so astonished that he
gasped four times,
“Dear Mr. Jones,” said a learned
woman, ‘you remind me of a barome-
ter that is filled with nothing in the up
per story.” ‘Divine Amelia Brown,”
said he, **you occupy my upper story.”
“Well William, what has become of
Robert 77 “What, ‘asen’t you
“No! Not defunet,
‘eard.
gir
I hope !”’
sir, and walked off with everything he
54
could lay his ‘ands on !
We willing to take a certain
amount of stock in newspaper accounts
are
kansas paper tells us about a zephyr
a bed-quilt sixty-one miles,
he sheet we
there,
A
complaint
very colored man who entered
against another for assault-
don’t see.
any marks.”” ‘Does ve s’pose he hit me
the
The case pr weeded,
wid a piece of chalk !”' was indig-
“I'm going to a masquerade ball this |
'
gaid vo
evening, and want an
Appropriate
dress. * he the
‘What
milkman.
vour business »'’
‘Ah! Then
put on a pair of pumps and go disguised
is
vou’
as a waterfall
Miss Malvina
i +
with her }
Rumley had jus
u for a walk,
little brother Johnny «
ont a}
when her alls to
her fence ©
d
from the “1 say, Malviny,
on’t you bring that feller back here to |
Mamma says there ain't |
more’'n enough biscuit to go around as |
tt
it Is
Herbert he
American will be a more powerful man
Spencer says coming
than has heretofore existed. This must |
that he will be more wealthy
for the richest man is
We have a
not
vague |
that we are the “coming
When Mrs, Fogg asked her
master for a fur cloak, and he replied
get
lord and
that, really, my dear, I cannot fur
couldn't get the cloak, but was quite
broken down by the heartless manner
of a wan who could make a pun on a
matter of im-
portance,
such transcendental
A man of tact always manages to get
out of a difficulty. The clerk of a
parish, whose business was to read the
“first lesson,'’ came across the chapter
in David in which the names Shadrach,
Meshach and Abednego occur twelve
names he went
pronounce these
‘the aforesaid gentlemen.’
The New Boy.
He was a bran new office boy, young,
with golden ringlets and
blue eves, Just such a boy as one
his little trandle-bed in the middle of
The first day he glanced over
the library in the editorial
came acquainted with
room, be
everybody,
in the evening as happy and cheery as a
sunbeam. The next day he appeared,
leaned out of the back window, ex-
pectorated on a bald-headed printer's
pate, tied the cat up by the tail in the
hallway, had four fights with another
boy, borrowed two dollars from an
mother was dead, collected his two
days’ pay from the cashier, hit the jani-
tor with a broomstick. pawned a coa*
belonging to a Ciember of the eartoral |
staff, wrenched the knobs off the doors, |
upset the ice-cooler, pied three galleys |
of type, and mashed hig finger in the |
fishin’, Yours Till Deth do Yank us.”
Saved by Sally.
Not long since a young man in Car-
son got married and started for Califor-
nia with his young wife. As he boarded
and gave him the paternal blessing,
“My son,” said the aged sire, shak-
ing with emotion, ete.,
these words if you never see me again :
not take your wife,"
The couple settled in Mariposo coun-
ty, and last week the old man went
down to visit them, He proposed a
bear hunt, and they were fortunate
enough to track a grizzly to his lair
among some of the bowlders in the
chaparral. As the two approached the
bear roused up and sent forth a growl
of defiance which shook the trees.
“io in there and kill im.” said the
old man, excitedly.
~ The son held back, further acquain-
tance with the bear seeming in some
respects undesirable,
* Count me out,’’ he said.
“* Have I crossed the seas and settled
in America to raise a coward ?”’ shout-
ed the father, brandishing the gun.
“1 but recollect your advice when I
left was the reply. “How
can I forget your sage precepts. Didn’t
you tell me never to go where I couldn't
take my How mal look
there with that bear 77°
The old man clasped his dutiful son
Carson,’
wife ¥ would
to his bosom, and, as the bear issued
forth, exclaimed :
“Speaking of Sally
home ; prolonged absence might
let us hasten
our
cause her needless alarm.’
In
reached the ranch, the old man a |
had
ittle
and the distance was about four
about fifteen minutes they
ahead,
miles, — Carson { Nev.) Appeal.
———
Street Arab’s Honor.
“Sergeant,’’ said a diminutive speci-
men of the street Arab, as he met
the street about 10 o'clock last night,
RAIL
send an officer to guard
to-night 77°
“ean you
property
some
The urchin’s clothes were tattered, h
and he was soaked
rain, but there was a manly air about
3
for that. The officer looked
somewhat astonished at the request com-
him all
Yyguy {fr 1s wich a strange se
ing from such a straage so
kindly ‘What do »
for, my boy?"
Ou want an
Lis ‘3 " x. n 3 1.4
Because,” answered the child,
tears filled his eves, I was
against a store window on
anybody hear, so 1 started
could to fin
from stealing the things in the window.
nd, Sergeant, I have thirty-five
Iflg
i
ink they woul
I made sel
you that, don't you ti
ling papers today.
i
4
! fr ad ¥ ssw)
me go until 1 could make enough 1«
glass 7 It is every cent I hav
but I don’t
“Keep your money,
want to go to jail.”
my boy,”
officer. “I will see that the store is guard-
ed and if you go and see the owner to
morrow, I don’t believe he will take a
cent from you. Anyhow, I can trust
you,’
“1 will
I will
try to save all the money 1 can to pay
him, if he wants it.’’ And drying his
eves, he went on, probably to a cheer-
less home,
Thank you,” said the boy,
be sure togo and see him, and
i
Missionari es Shooting Canni
bals.
A novelty in missionary work was the
shooting of fifty cannibal heathens by
the Rev, Mr. Brown and his associates,
The crime of these cannibals, who were
natives of New Britain, was that they
had eaten several Mr.
Brown. who was in charge of the mis-
appears to be
missionaries,
SIONS,
pluck.
regenerate
they would
that if he y do
would return and est the rest
missionary force. He atl once organized
a man ol
cannibals a lesson
+
nes
knowing
i + .
SOON Torged,
omitted tu
time that fifty or so had fallen, the resi
capitulated, and expressed their sorrow
for what had happened, promising to
eat missionary more,
of Mr. Brown's has given rise to much
discussion in the missionary e¢ircles,
The Western Board of Missions at
Sydney, New South Wales, to which he
is amenable, neither praised nor con-
deraned him, but merely expressed re-
gret that he should kave been placed in
such circumstances as he was, It seems
hard thats missionary should have to
shoot the very heathen for whose con-
vertion he labors, At this distance it is
easy to blame him, as some of the pa-
pers have already done, and very se-
verely. But it is evident that the
mora’ effect of Mr, Brown's victory
must be salutary, and that the sorviv
ing heathen will regard him and his
efforts in their behalf with much greater
respect than if he had quietly submitted
to being roasted and having his bones
picked. New Britain lies to the north-
ward of Australia, and is gne of the
least civilized of the islamds of the
Pacific.
no
The Next European War.
amn—
An article on ** Btrategy *’ in the cur-
| rent number of the Deutsche Rundaschau,
by Baron Von der Goltz, contains some
interesting speculations on the next
i European war. The forces engaged in
| such a war would, he says, be far greater
even than those which were brought
into the field in 1870, A singie army of
five crops occupies eight English miles
on the battlefield. But the entire force
of a great European State now consists
of four or five such armies; and the
disasters consequent on the collision of
two or more such States would naturally
be in proportion to their strength—espe-
cially as, thanks to the development of
the feeling of the nationality, wars
will in the future be fought not from
policy but from national hostility.
Armies will assume the character of
great popular migrations, and will be
numbered not by hundreds of thousands
but by millions of armed men. This
will diminish their mobility, Germany
will not again find an open country with
excellent roads, and, however excellent
her commanders may be, she will not
have the chance again of advancing
into an enemy’s country with such
rapidity and success. The characteris-
tics of the wars of the future will
slow advance, a constant |
be a
up
of reserves, and defeat caused only by
complete exhaustion ; flank attacks will
be made by armies of, as in
1870, by brigades or divisions, and the
district used as a battlefield will be en-
tirely devastated. The feeling of na-
tionality will also make it
bringing
instead
much more
difficult to end a war than formerly.
Austria would not venture to take back
Lombardy and Venice, even if her vie-
torious tor
Naples, and Germany would not have
been able ix
armies should penetrate
i 1870 to annex Burgundy
and Champagne, although they were at
i her mercy.
i
A Provident Englishman.
{ An affable though somewhat desic-
| cated American on bis way the
| other day to the city of Boston. He
had, with thrifty forethought of
secured a lower berth,
the
was
that
LAL
{ his nation, and
| was meditating upon wisdom of
| gathering |
118 body behind the curtains
TT
risa
| when he was accosted by an Eng
The
ff an ample presence and had the
nan
in a tweed suit. Englishman was
air of
me who had been pastured on mutton
hops all his life.
“You
§
tweed suit,
will excuse me.’ said he
of the
“but am I right in suppos-
| ing that you have the lower berth
“You: bet
other,
vour life,” replied
“My sister,” he of
{ tweed suit, “‘has the upper berth, which
awkward, The
with
said t owner the
18 deneced you know.
act 1s,
1k
added the Englishman,
frax urbanity, “it’s unpleasant fo
a lower
| berth. Now, might
it 1 ask wou, sir, to
favor of
the upper berth and permitting my sis-
| ter to take yours ¥"’
do me the extreme occupying
The request was scarcely proffered
| of a genuine Yank, hastened to assure
his English acquaintance that nothing
could give him more pleasure than to be
of service to a lady.
On the following morning the Ameri-
can was astonished to see a pair of twead
legs emerge from a lower berth opposite
that which he had politely given up,
and the next moment the adipose upper
extremities of the Englishman.
‘Say,’ said the American, as an air
of grave disgust began to creep over his
physiognomy, “didn’t you
ask me to give up my lower berth to
your sister ?*°
“Certainly, my dear fellow,” replied
addressed, “hope yon
“And you bad a lower berth #°
“Of course.’
“And then you got me to give up
mine to your sister, sir *"°
“Why, my dear fellow,”’ said the
Englishman, in his tarn, “vou didn't
own sister, did you ¥'- Thronto News
The Man of Uniform Ways.
The Emperor William's uniforms
comprise one of each of the regiments
of the guards and of the body regiments,
one each oi Baden, Bavaria, Saxony,
Waurtemberg, four Russian uniforms,
and one each of his Austrian regiments
of the line and hussars, The civilian
suits are elegant and chiefly dark, al
though a light pair of trousers is now
now and then tolerated. The regular
head covering is the high silk hat. The
hunting suits are rurely renewed, on
the principle, probably, that the older
the better. Perhaps the most remark-
able piece is the emperor's lwownish
gay havelock, which he wears in the
spring and fall in his drives, and with
which, though twenty-five years old, he
is pot willing to part with, All his unt-
forms and suits were made by a member
of the same family, whose predecessors
presented the young Prince William
with his first uniform. Numerous as
the contents of his wardrobe are, and
have been, it has never held a dressing
gown,