a=
Scientific Notes,
Japan is dscuwing a patent law
which proposes to give the introducer
of any device new in Japsn a patent,
in erder to encourage the importation
of machines.
The Scientific American prints an
interesting article on old inventions
in ordnance which should not b
missed by anyone interested in the
subject.
The Quincy Market Cold Storage
Company, of Boston, are said to have
the largest refrigerating building in
the world, It is of stone and brick,
160 by 80 feet in size, and 70 fect in
The world’s product of lead last
year is estimated by Herr Landsberg
at 444 000 tons, China and Japan are
mot included as producers of this
metal, although the probability is that
their out-put of lead is very laige
@Very year,
The United Btates fish commission
have been distributing large numbers
of young carp for stocking ponds.
Over 40,000 were sent out during the
first ten days ot November, and from
50 000 to 60,000 more were waiting dis.
gribution. Among the earlier ship~
ments were 1000 te Pennsylvania, 2000
go New York, 6600 to the New Eng-
land States, 1200 to Ohio, 12 400 to
Kentucky, 1600 to Virginia and 16 000
to Iowa and Minnesota. In reply tw
inquiries Professor Baird says that
from 12000 to 15 000 carp ponds in all
have been stocked since the work
began. New applications were con-
stansly received at the rate of fifty to
100 a day, in addition to 10,000 an fite,
height. The capacity is 80,000 cubic
feet, the cost $200 000, and the ice
chamber holds 600,000 tons of ice. I:
will be used for storing dressed beef
and mutton. The Chicago refrigera-
ting cars unload at the door.
The manufacture of carbons free
from ash can be accomplished, accord-
ing to Jacquelain in Comptes Rendos
{xciv. 837), by passing dry chlorine
gas over pulverized coal or coke heal
ed to a bright redness. All of the
silica, aluminas and magnesia, as well
as alkaliss and metallic oxides, would
be converted into volatile chlorides
and expelled ; even the hydrogen is
driven off as hydrochloric acid.
M. Tissanier, the French sronaut,
is projecting the manufacture of an
elliptical baloon, which is to be
driven by a dynamo mschine and
storage batteries. The baloon will be
131 feet long, and will have a capacily
of more than 100,000 cubic feet. It is
calculated to give a lifting power of
three and one-half tons which will,
when the machinery is in place, allow
for a ton of passengers and ballast,
The board of commissioners of the
proposed national exposition of rail
way appliances have issued a circular
announcing that they have secured
for the purposes of the exhibition the
Iater-State Exposition Buildings, in
Chicago: and that their intention is
to hold the exhibition during June
and the fore part of July, 1883 A
large guarantee fund hes already been
raised in Chicago. Applications for
space should be made éarly to the
secretary, Mr. E. H. Talbott, Grand
Pacific Hotel, Chicago, Ii
A new test for gold leaf was acc.
dently discovered at the Farrell Vene-
tian Art Glass Manufacturing Come
pany’s works im Brooklyn. By the
Farrell process the leaf is placed on
the incandescent glass which is then
blown. The expansion splits the leaf
into beautiful and fantastic forms, and
the object is then fired, covering the
glass with the vitreous material. In
using a guaranteed 999 quality of gold
. deaf, the workmen found that the ex-
pansion separated the gold from the
copper alloy, and the object was orns-
mented with gold sud a handsome
green, the latter color being due to the
oxidation of the copper.
1¢ is stated that a good test for lubri-
eating oils is to place single drops of
the different kinds to be compared in
line across the end of a plece of plate
glass about twenty-four inches long
one end being six or eight inches
higher than the other, to form an in.
clined plane. The drops eof oll run
down this smooth plane in a race with
each other. The quality of the oils Tor
lubricating purposes is shown by the
distances traveled and the trace left
Sy the drops. Thus, on the first day
sperm oil will be found in the rear;
but it will in time overtake the rest,
and retain its power of motion after
maoet other olls have dried up,
Amn AM ¥
itis when our budding hopes are
mipped beyond recovery by some
rough wind that we are the most dis-
flowers they might.huve burns if they
Jad floarished.~[ Dickens.
it
A Vermonier hos on
THE QUARREL OF THE WHEELS,
Sania
day,
And watohed my horse’ W flinging fost devout
the dusty way:
; @ mad to me;
fast as we!”
ing vision caught;
We weresaione upon the rosd=I must bav
dreamed, I thought;
volee's sound :
go o'er thé ground 1
me broke ;
The fore-weeels of the wagon had thus to th
pind-wheels spoke.
cents low :
were an hour ago!’
BWer cumeg
wheels were Lhe sani;
pressing wel my head,
word was sald.
oflen kuows
as those;
How many claim as merit what is after al
bul late,
ultingly elste,
his fellow seb,
from the hind to get;
tO namie and mine,
the same,
youd is galved;
tion is maluiained,
thing control,
purpose roll.
roadway drawn,
day has gone;
feels,
Legitimate Dealings in Futures,
What, really, are futures?
derstood by every one.
cerned to guard their own private in
under investigation.
before the business of arrivals, as they
merce. A Chinesemerchant asked A
price, for ten sugoceeding adbnthis, A.
& Co.”s Bwton agent off .red the con-
tract to a Lowell cotion mill,
cloth was in existence,
any changes in value or price.
aga, belore due sme of ocean eables
steam and electricity at a rapid rate,
——
"The main portion of the business of
the world in the staples furnished by
this country is done under the con-
tract system in one shape or another,
Italy, France, Austria and Spain, for
{hetinece, for the past twenty-five
years at least, have contracted for their
tobacoo in the United Biates months
before it esme to market, and Spain
for even twe and three years supply
ahead. The whole tendency of trade
in these days is to distribute crops as
rapidly as possible and equalize prices
throughout the world.
The uncertainty as to the time the
buyer would receive his merchandise
and the circumstance that it often
arrived in a damaged condition were,
however, continual sources of anxiety,
and made the opening for present
methods easy. The enormous increase
in the volume of trade and the neces
sity for a quick release from responsi
bility on sny one transaction sided
the movemeént ; and when commercial
correspondence came to be done al
most exclusively, in large aflairs, by
telegraph, the Exchanges were forced
to adopt what is Known as the fature
contract. system that is, the futures,
go called, which are now under inves
tigation.
| Daily and hourly reports from every
market in Europe and America are
posted in the Exchange rooms, so that
superior information is almost a thing
of the past, and the man of moderate
means has a chance with the capl-
talist,
Now, the present dealing in fatures
simply covers all the points of safety
made in theillustration we have given
of the contract of the Chinese mer-
chant snd the Bouthern planter
through its various stages, Toe fo-
ture, lu fi ae, is a contract on paper for
the futore delivery. and receipt,
within sspecified time, of a specified
quantity of mershandise, at a specified
price. The actual merchandise may
not be delivered on that eontract,
however, for futures are used as &
means of insuring actus! transactions
as well as carrying then out. For
instance; the man who receives an
order to buy or sell may not be able
for various reasons to make (he trans.
action at the mbment, though the
price may be at or below. his limit,
The exact goods he wants, in toe exact
quantity, msy not be avaliable at the
moment. He therefore buys or sells a
fatnee contract for 8 like amount. As
soon as he has afterward carried out
his order ia the "spot’”’ markel—that
is, by buying or selling the actual
merchandise, he closes out his future
contract, and the transaction ls com-
pleted. He haa in fi se, used the future
simply as an {nsurance against possible
or probable fl ictuations in the market
while ne was executing his order,
There are other uses of futures as a
method of insurance against loss. For
instance, a commission merchant has
advanced on a guantity of wheat 90
per cent. of its New York value. He
seen the market décilning and his mar-
gin disappearing. He mopst ther, to
gave himsel/, sell out the wheat at cur
rent prices, get more margin from the
consignor, or sell & future for the same
amount a‘ the ruling price. H: may
be unable te at once close oul the
whest, sand the extra: margio way
be fortheoming. [If he sells » future,
héwever, his advances are PFendered
seoure. He is Insured, Hy thal means,
too, the interests of the consignor are
protected. He may also thus gain
time to make up the extra margin,
and so be able to get the advantage of
a possible rise by carrying his wheat
as he originally intended.
The farmer or planter may make
the profit on his crop certain before it
is harvested by selling a futare con-
traet ‘which his érop will meet. He
can thus secure himself, For instance,
cotton planters this year have sold
future on their erops at perhaps 11§
cents’ & pound, giving them nearly a
cent and A half above the present
prices. The same thing is still more
true of our cereal ereps, though amall
farmers must sell thefr protiuct for
what it will bring at the nearest mar
ket
The miller and manufacturer can
with perfeof safety minke engagements
‘for thelr product weeks and months
shesd, for they know exactly the price
of ther raw material, They enn assure
themddlves by buying fatale.
The sles of futures based on actual
transactions even mkv, however,
ldrggely ‘exceed the volume of a erp,
for the same commodity is sold over
snd lover again. They may be said to
represent, not the volame of the crop,
bat the port of "Wands through
whidh the érdp hus Duss, that Is to
say, the variots transactions In it.
Legitimately used as a means of ine
r
®
e
delivered them directly froin thé oar
gl
of modern
are still in
out orders for the buying and selling
0: fathers ‘were often
a spot business
moderate soale,
ee rs: often
flear what he does not lke,
The Dispensary.
. BiLiousngss, - Bad blood, too
much blood, giving headache, a bad
taste in the mouth In the mornings,
variable appetite, sickness at stomach,
chilliness, cold feet, and great suscep-
tibility to taking cold, One er more
of these symptoms is always present,
Bometimes a billous person has a
yellow tinge about the face and eyes,
because the bile, whieh Is yellow, is
not withdrawn from the blood ; It Is
the business of the liver to do that,
but when it does not do it, it 1s said to
be Inzy, does not work, and the phy-
sician begins at once to use remedies
which are sald to “promote the action
of the liver.”
It has been discovered within a few
years that acids ‘act on the liver,”
such as nitrie amd, elixir of vitriol,
and vinegar ; but these are artificial
acids, and do not have the uniorm
good effect of natural acids, which
are found in fruit and berries.
Ture Best BTIMULANT.—The best
possible thing for a man to do when
he feels too weak to carry anything
through, is to go to bed and sleep for
a week if he can. This is the only re.
cuperation of the brain power, the
only actual recuperation of the brain
fores, because daring sleep the brain
is in a state of rest, in a condition to
receive and appropriste particles of
putriment from the blood, which
take the place of those which have
been consumed by or In previous
labor ; since the very act of thinking
consumes or burns solid particles, just
as every turn of the screw of the
eplendid steamer is theresult ofthe con-
sumption by fire of the fuel in the far
nace. Thesupply of the conspmed brain
substance can only be had from the
nutritive psriicles in the blood, which
were obtained from the food eaten
previously, and the brain is so consti.
tuted that it can the best racelve and
appropriate to itself those
quiet and stilluess of sleep.
selves, as they goad the brain, and
substance, until that
been so exhausted that there ix not
death
that there is
just a8 men are 50 near
thirst and starvation,
thing, and all is over.
the warm weather comes on;
&
versal avidity for * greens,” and for
“gpinach,” an the early spring, these
being eaten with vinegsr; end soon
after the delicious strawberry, comes
the raspberry, the blackberry, the
whortleberry ; even the cherries the
peaches and apples, carrying us into
the fall of the year, when the atmos.
phere is so pure and bracing that there
is general good health everywhere,
The most beneficial anti-bilious
method of using fruit and berries as
dessert, after breakfast in their natu-
ral, raw, ripe, fresh siate, without
cream or sugsr, or anything else be-
sides the fruit itself,
Half a lemon esten every morning
on rising, and on retiring, is often
efMioacions in removing a bilious con-
dition of the system, giving a good
appetite and greater general health. —
Home and Health.
bs Ml A ————
Something in the Bed.
Judge Pitman has & habit of slipping
his watch under his pillow when he
goes to bed. Oe night somehow it
slipped down, and as the judge was
rostless it worked its way down to.
wards the foot of the bed. After a
bit, while he was lying awake, his
foot touched it; it felt very cold ; he
was surprised, scared, and jumping
from the bed he said:
“My gracious, Maris, there's a toad
or something under the covers, 1
touched it with my foot.”
Mrs Pitman gaye a lad scream
and was on the floor in an instant.
“Now, don’t xo hollering and wak-
ing up the neighborhood,” sald the
Jadge. “You get a broom or some-
thing, and we'll fix the thing, mighty
quick.” .
Mrs, Pitman got the broom and gave
it to the Judge with the remark that
she felt as though snakes were creep.
ing up and down ber legs and back,
“Oh, nonsense, Maria! Now, turn
down the covers slowly while I hold
the broom and bang it. Put a bucket
of water alongside of the bed so that
we oan shove it in and drown it.”
Mrs. Pitman fixed the bucket and
gently removed the covers. The
judge held the broom uplifted, and
a8 the black ribbon of the silver watch
was revealed, he cracked away at it
three or four times with the broom,
he pushed the thing off into the
bucket. Then they took the light to
investigate the matter, Wh, the
saw what it was, he
might have OWI it's just
like you women to go screeching and
fussing about MA It's utterly
ruined.”
18 wan Jou tha adds the fam, aot
me, sald Mi, Pitman.
“You needn "t try to put the blame
the Jadge turned in and
then
on me."
| growled at Maris until he foll asleep.
|
i
Kitchen Interests.
Purys —One quart flour, one pint
wilk, two eggs ; beat well ; butter size
of an egg, three tablespoonfuls each of
sugar and baking powder; roll out
snd bake in a quick oven.
Lemon Puppixag —-Mix well two
cups of sugar with half a cup of butter;
add two grated lemons, five eggs.
Line a deep dish with paste and pour
in the mixture; bake thirty minutes,
Quince JeLLy.—C wer the fruit
with water aud boil one hour. Then
strain through crash; strain twice if
not clear; add equal quantities of
julce mand sugar and boil steadily
twenty minutes. Let the jars stand
one week betore sealing.
sopa Biscuit —One quart of flour,
two tesspooutuls of eream-tartar, one
of soda, butter the size of an egg, one
and one-half cups of sweet anilk;
mix with fl sar, roll dut and bake in a
quick oven ten minutes.
Bakgp Onions —~Wash and boil
one hour, change the water twice in
that tiwe, drain on a cloth and roll
esnch in buttered tissue paper twisied
at the top; bake one hour in aslow
oven. Peel and brown them and serve
with mslted butler.
YEeAsT —Grate two large, raw potas.
toes, Add one tescup of white sugar,
one teaspoon of salt, a half teaspeon of
ginger. Pour over this mixture a cup
of boiling water in which a table
spoonful of hops has been boiled,
Save half a cup each time to start
anew,
CrumMpeTs.—Take two pounds of
oresd dough and mix with three eggs,
well beaten ; gradually add warm
water until the batier is the consist.
ency of buckwheat cakes; beat it well
and let it rise. Have the griddle hot
and well greased ; pour on the batter
in small cakes and bakes light brown.
How 10 Cook Rice.—To know how
to cook rice so that it will be dry and
each kernel keep its proper shape is
very simple. Tae first thing to be
or to
have made at a tin shop two stout tin
pails, oneseveralsiges siualler than the
other. Iu the outer pall put as much
bolling water as it will hold without
running over when the smaller pail ie
look over and wa«h the
rice, then put it in the smaller pail,
cover it (observe, the rice is not to be
sonked and the walter 1s to be boiling ;
then put the cover of the inner pall
on—the outer has no gover ; the rice
hot enough tokeep the water boiling.
The rice, when turned out, will be
dry, and each kernel will be distinct
Semetimes the con-
dition of the atmosphere is such that
walter evaporates rapidly, and then
boiling water must be kept in the
supplied from it. It may als) be nec
One
important consideration to bear in
mind is that the rice must not be
stirred at all. Stirring will spoil the
shape of the kernels In Indias the
rice is bolled and served with meat
and the favorite curry, and the dish
is then called “a curry.” A recipe for
making the curry powder is here
given: To three paris turmeric add
two paris black pepper, three-fourths
of a part of cayenne pepper, half e
part of ginger root, four parts cumin
seeds, six paris of coriander seeds, a
quarter of » part each of nutmeg,
cloves and clunamon. The imported
curry powder, which ean be bought at
almost all large grocer.es, is a very
satisfactory preparation. But the cook
must remember that it is dangerous
to put in much at a time, as the full
flavor of the powder is not developed
anti] it has been wet some little time—
say three or four minutes.
ic A
A Babgorian Banged.
“My son,” sald an Ontario street
mother, *‘go down to the grocery and
get me s can of green-peas.” “I
should squirm to wiggle,” answered
the boy. “Go on, I tell yu." *I
should limp to jump.” “If you don’t
go this instant 1 will tell your father
when he comes home’ "I should
blow to tattle,” “Never mind, sar.”
“I should whoop to squeal.” When
the father came the mother said: “I
wish that you'd whip Tom. He posi
tively refused to go down to the gro-
cery, and told me that I was a tattler
and that he would jump on me ifI
didn’t mind.” “I'om!” *'Yes, sir.”
“What was that you said to your
mother to-day?” “Never said notin.
ing.” ‘*Then I am a story-teller and
you are a preity boy,” said the
mother. *‘Look here, young man, if
y ou don’t behave yourself, I'll thrash
you; do you hear, sir?” “I should
titter to snort.” “Come here to me,
sir,” And the young man squirmed
to wiggle, limped to jump, blew to
tattle, whooped to squeal and iittered
to snort.
Wr —— A A
“You made a fool of me,” sald an
ire und So big wife, | love,” she
yourself
ng
A gentleman was arraigned before
an Arkansaw justice on a charge of
obtaining money under false pretences.
He had entered astore, pretending to
be a customer, but proved to be a thief,
“Your name iz Jim Lickmore,” sald
the justice. “Yes, sir.”” And you are
charged with a crime that merits &
long term in the penitentiary ?”’ “Yes,
sir.” “And you sre guilty of the
crime?’ “Iam.” “And you ssk for
no mercy 7’ “No, sir.” “You have
had 8 grest deal of trouble withio the
last two years?’ * Yes, sir, I have.”
“You have often wished that you
were dead 727’ “I have, please your
Honor,” “You wanted to steal money
enough to take you away from Arkap-
saw?” “You are right, Judge.” “If &
man had stepped up and shot you just
as you entered the store you would
hav: sald: ‘Thank you, sir.” ” “Yes,
sir, I would. But, Judge, how did
you find out so mush about me?”
“Some time ago,’ said the Judge with
a solemn alr, **I was divorced from
my wife, Bhortly after you married
her. The result is conclusive. I dis-
charge you. Here, take this $50 bill
You have suffered enough.’’
Asa
Rats and Mice.
A writer in the Scientific American
says: * We clesned our premises of
the detestable vermin, rats, by making
whitewash y:llow with coppers, and
covered the stones and rafters with it.
In every crevice in which a ral may
20 we put the crystals of the copperas,
and scattered in the corner of the floor,
The result was a perfect stampede of
rats and mice. Bince that time nol a
footfall of either rats or mice has been
heard sround the house. Every spring
as cost of yellow-wash is given the
cellar as a purifier, as a rat extermina.
tor, and no typhoid, dysentery, or
fever attacks the family. Many per-
sons deliberately attract all the rats in
the neighborhood by leaving the fruits
and vegetables uncovered in the cel
lar, and sometimes even the soap is
left open for their regalement. Cover
up every hing eatable in the cellar or
pantry, and you will soon starve them
out. These precautions, joined to the
service of a good cat, will prove as
good a rat exterminator as the chemist
can previde. We never aliow rats to
be poisoned in our dwellings. They
are apt to die between the walls, and
produce much anpoyance.
a— ct A
Damages for Five Children
Killed.
In May, 1881, five children of F, H.
Nehroas, of San Lorenzo, Almeda
county, California, were returning
home from sa May-day picale in a
light wagon, and when they reached
the crossing of the Central Pacific
Railroad the vehicle was struck by a
locomotive and all the inmates were
killed. The father of the children
sued the raiir md compary for dam-
ages. On the trial it was shown that
the approaching train could not be
seen from the highway until close to
the crossing on account of a covered
bridge and eucalyptus trees, Ii was
a'so shown that the train was behind
time, and running from thiriy three
to thirty-five miles an hour. The
jary awarded $1080 damages to
plaintiff, and defendant took an ap-
peal. The Bupreme Cur. has sl rm-
ed the judgment, bolding that “in
view of the rule of damages prevailing
here we cannot be reasonably expect.
ed to hold that for such a loss ss the
plantiff in this case sustained, the
amount awarded him by the jury was
excessive,
Cullings,
When a bald-headed man buys s
duster, mohair would be most appro-
priate,
“My dear boy,” wrote an Irishman
o his son, “never put off till to-mor-
row what you have done to-day.’’
“It is not necessary for a man to be
poor to be honest.” Coartainly not,
But it seems sort o' half way necessary
for a man to be poor if he is honest.
Quiz,
Bhe Bridgeton (Me) News calmly
says : “The types last week made us
say that ‘The showers were not suffi.
ceint to meet the wants of milkmen,’
eto,, instead of ‘milimen,’
An old citizen, returning to hs
home from a banquet, meets another
old citisen coming from the opposite
direction. “Ish this the avenue?”
ssked No. 1 “How should I know ?
I wash at the banquet myself.”
An old miser, who was notorious for
self-denial, was one day saked why
he was »0 thin. “I do not know,’
sald the miser. “I have tried various
means of getting fatter, but withont
success,” Have you tried victuals 1
inquired a friend,
“IVs my a ort, my lt rr