0
U
h
wrin s
. f ,nBHl0., PEASA.,
Advert! sing- iitoH.
The !t and rel'J Ma clrcolatloa et the Caw
sua Kbsbmab counter it te ta faverak
-oamderstion ofa1 rovers whose tavars will
'verted at th lollo fits; low rates:
1 inch, S times ...........( Is
1 Inch, a months. ...................
1 loch, 6 months.. ........................ S4)
I inca lvear.. s,t
X locheji. 6 months.... ............. (.10
a Inches, I year !.
Inches. months . .... ....... 8.C
a Inches. 1 year . . 1 X.SO
l-i eo in ran, S months is.ee
e'luun. 6 month.... ....... .............. 20.00
4 column. I year . ... ......... S5 M
; colons, monthi.. ...... ...... . 40. OS
I column, I year Ts.O
Hosinees Items, Mit insertion. KM. per Una
subsequent Insertion. 6e. ter lne
Administrator's anl Executor Notices.. f3 M
Auditor's Notice 2J0
Stray and similar Notices 2 OS
a- Kesolut ion or proceed mm ot any corpora
tion or society and communications desian.d to
call attention to any matter ot limited or indi
vidual Intercut diom he paid tor ar adrertiimeata.
Book and Job Pno-.:n.r of all kinds neatly and
a'1 ... t vsn.
-T Ji '
0
Si
Si
,lW.ult.on.
1,200
i Rain.
s" . . ... i
- v .n ..lvancc..
'. ". 7 . ..on
i K.itiio 3 tnonttis. i vt,
.1 within H mouths. 2 K,
iL
-' ii i irJ xitbio Hie year.. 2it
do ' 1
-5..lin outside of the county
,,s-' r year will be chanced to
JjjlWO"' l'c J
t'M above terms be 5o-
i r.'eM 1on 1 oonsult tnelr
TX ni '"ri in a.'.vance must not ex
VV the -atue looting those who
di-tinrtly unaerstood trocx
I
i
and Proprietor
EI IS A FREEMAN WHOM THK TRUTH MAKES FREE AND ALL. ABE SLAVES BE8IDK."
SI.SO and postage per year In advance.
".: i. ..
.,.. tef.ire yoa Slop it. ir F to j
-jVOLUrEXXIX.
w Tl'J' , , ....
:twaica to olnerwise
., .rinrt.
EBENSBTJKG, PA., NOVErBEll 15, 1S95.
NUMBER 45.
. w -
exe.ilon.iy executed at the lowest pricea. And
n
iff Vfi
TOP ' Mrlfill'
w. . a sa e v a w am. m sav v a m y
u nrr rm
up im
JAS. C. HASSON . . " f
iv onu roriri Arras-
1
K
I
1
HANDFUL Uf umi
1 A W AT T J af t TT
rjL Or bttrtivic.
SAPOLIO
FARMERS!
When- want GOOD FLOUR take your trrain to
ieOLD SHENKLE MILL in Ebcnsburg. The
FULL
ROLLER
fir the in:inuf;ifture of Flour has leent put in the Old
Wnkle Gri-t Mill in Ebensburg and turns out nothing
bat
FIRST CLASS WORK.
Brin? in your grain and give us a trial. Each man's
riio in rroiin.l separately and you get the Flour of your
own vincai. ii i.tiuicia visii
vr:in 1 o. lhe JNlill is
BEST OF POWER.
I
i
i
PROPRIETOR
Ittls c
IVER
fail, I : ;, lJi.4tr.-ia after
i :s.r :i t:.e N ' : VhiM tii.nrtuca4
aiuc exctrf li- !a shvirii ill cuiuig
cisijuiel'Wei i.v..a ii Uiey only
S3
5 KS
- ti Lunt; bi:tfor:u-
--;.:;: '.:.' .-! -.:. t.mi ii. re.atul thoc
i-jT4trr ..: :;r:.l :ho. l:ttlo pills Talu
Trrirta; ..:.-,- w;!! not bo ri I
.c:t liu: ai'.oraliaick boaj
t: Our ;.:iia cure it whila
:r JiTr r.it arn vry pma!l anU
" t--- : a: Rl.t frriji or
'ViNE CO., New yor!c.
SMALL DOSE, SLLFRiCc
UAI I O
VfKrtHble
Hioilian
IIHLLOHAIR
r;povnlar1tT r.f thi propamtion,
':of many years, s-hould be an
.at.)t:. lii.-t ,.V.i.ti,.i. that
7 prori"'i. Th..-e who have
S HaIK ilFAFVl tu L- rtnur that
p'w "w!i of Tis!r on bald
I "1..M J 1 1 . uv
r:o pray ( r fa.j. .1 hair; pre
timlihful and clear of
I -- "r lauinir on or
f"W; kee;t U oft, pliant, lu-
k' I h"'-'!!ful inSuf-n.-e of lt
-r. ,n"'' wli1' 11 Invt-'orat
"! n.-.t a dve, and ia
. toliet use. Cor.
'.'r'r 11 d'-"' evan
dry up th natural olL
fL; - j-r uiu-611 ana brlule. aa 4
klngham'. D
F TBI " !
Whiskers -1
(T' natural color: and!
'dZl rl'''' Eiore coo-i-"CAt!on
ttkn any other.
ALL A r r.
- Ia-eri la MediciAaa,
f H 'tiin..
1 Ja,
J.. t-,.
M :sU- forFarty -
-iijm.: or tip -
-r-i tstrumtr.tj . --."-it
rjoscr, to--
k "-.
Sr.-.
( Picuist.
0RK!LSICLECHOCO.S
, tidy's
lavingParIor
tHr.t-, ;,! r,; Sbanpo.
t,,, , r ., et . A
Ss KiikikTi.,..
l wi,. ; J1"'"1 "! nil tn.
t'-" "' -HI U, to,a (.
MAY BE A HOUSE-
A Va W W . . .
MUUbE WITH
iv eAunange grain lor Flour
running everv ilv wWVi ih.
FOR ARTISTIC
RSNTISMG
TRY THE FREEMAN.
DURE
rlrv:-i n;:
-ioMs'y int.. :ri ii.'i hnliit ami
yp ! rri. i.1. r- li-icrintr iu ui.lit t. mauwr af
fuirs rouinn,' a i.-f r Uaio. A Jour weeks
PITT5Bri?5 Vi-r.LEY INSTrTCTE.
X". iii". I-irth Avenne,
TC-.rr to t)i,-r a-1 tjj,. ;, tv.-ts, Trital find
l:iVM-al. k--iri.s t a'.:iinunl uvpetite, and
ix: r.- th in .a ;'.ic e&r. '.:(!!! thew wi-re in lie-fon-tlw-v
iful-ilin? I in i ji.i,.inrj. Tiishasliwn
i!ii::t- II !!..; ;,;,-, r,V-.; a:-.'S tp'at)) hT, anl
urn .it-; til. .f 7 a-r r,m CiiisT'ibors, to
v,-h:.-i -hi r. -i-.-r w t i '.'jiiii.:cti-e us to Ifio
ii:.- :..iu-iy i..;. 1 .f i h; K?oley (tiro.
Fii.- f!i!li.i vi ?ii,.t s -arc S-i'T i..v- tiinttioit is
: - :t'- : Tor lut uli' -t. iviiiK lull iiilonna-
h.-w en.fi.Tod a coimtAnt pAtronajre for oxer
siity yr&rs. It la wonderfnliy efllcacioua in all
(aunful di3caui. such a
1 hfBmitll.n., l.imbi(0,
Nriratcta. It M-Lai-ke
and other ailmt-nfit whpre pain Is an atteiul
ni. Try it. At lniir iti.rM, or ly mall on
r'--'i;.t of uame. tatldrtnw nlid i ctrnUl.
WINkHLMANN & BROWN DKUO CO.,
RultlMore.' Md.. I". H. A.
117 itSlv.
Caeat. and Trade-Marke obtained, and all !'
eiit htniinrna concocted for Moderate FS.
Our Office is Opposite U. S. Patent Office,
and mnnwrnre patent in lees time than thosw
remote from Waehinirton. .
Send model, drawing or photo., with descrip
tion. We advise, if p-itcntable or not. free of
charire. Our fee not due till patent i aernred.
A Pamphlet. -Uow to Obtain Patente." with
nnmi ofarto.nl rlientu inyourState, county.o"
town, eeDt free. Addre,
C.A.SNOW&CO,
Opeosito Patent Office. Washington. O. C
J'LVS
CATARRH
CREAM BALM
t'trtnrs the
M M-im m 1 1 ion.
Jfrtl the &nrr
rn4rcm tit
sitiHitinwil Wrf
JtnttwrvM th
firnm jc nf
and m
It Will Cure COLD 'N HEAD
A particle applied nKirei au.l i
aureo.Me Pri-eSO cer ta at imiif if lt r ty mi i
tlY IfKliTHLK-s, MS Warren Street. New or.
DoY.10.M.Jy
THE ACCIDENTS OF LIFE
Write to T. S. Quiscet.
Draw.! 106. Chicago, Secre
tary of the Star Accidkst
Compasv, for information
regarding Accident Insur
ance. Mention this paper.
n m doine yon can save
membership fee. Has paid over fXO.CXW.00 for
accidental injuries.
Be your own Agent.
NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED
oct.ll.6m .
c 7 -
LASS.
Alllbtf w - - j.fc.
ulr pri.-.-, ,,nyir.K).l."i'pl-''oi'. '-Jvl-lualvi t.-rtl-en'rnTfoV"'
w7a. COHKEVCO. Publisher Chicago- UU
PROOESS
JOB P
THE KEELEY
cSBALrVX
KA11S1N VINEYARDS.
A Great Industry in the State ol
California.
Treatment of the Orape Tinea to Keep
Thetu In Hearing Irrigation Is
Moat Kaaentlal I'ortlon of
the Work.
Fresno county, of California, is pre
eminently the raisin center of the
United States, its exports alone during
the past year having amounted to
sixty-five millions ot pounds.
This locality, comprising- an area of
eight thousand square miles, lies in
the heart of the justly celebrated 5an
Joaquin valley. Two-thirds of the
county is level vineyard and orchard
land; the remainder, spurs of the
snow-clad Sierra Nevadas and their
luxuriant and fertile foot hills. Fif
teen years ago this vast tract of land
was a barren plain, fit only at its best
for sheep pasturage and grain farming
on a small scale.
To-day the desert literally "blossoms
as the rose," and its "milk and honey"
of soli 1 comfort and wealth are its raiain
vineyards. Hut these in turn are the
product of the irrigation supplied by
the two magnificent rivers. Kings and
San Joaquin, which flow westward
from the melting snows of the Sierras.
This supply is ceaseless, the water
being conducted by about two thou
sand miles of canals and five thousand
miles of lateral ditches to thousands
of small farms and vineyards in Fres
no valley. The county is supposed to
have.the most extensive irrigation sys
tem in the world certainly in the
state and the system is as essential to
its vital existence as is the warm blotxl
rushing through the veins to the health
of the animal.
The cost of supplying a vineyard
with water is but sixty-two cents per
acre per annum, and the labor of ap
plying it, if the land has been properly
leveled to receive it, is slight No
Venetian canal, with its graceful gon
dolas sailing between the marbled
walls of the old palaces, is half as
beautiful to the Fresno raisin vine
yardist as the ribbon-like and limpid
"ditch," upon whose quiet surface are
mirrored earth and 6ky and the
tangled leafy loveliness which lies be
tween. A raisin vineyard is in full bearing
in three years, but the grape has not
reached its perfection until the vine
from which it springs is six or seven
j-ears old.
The Muscat and Thompson seedless
.ire the best variety of raisin grape
cultivated, the latter having only been
introduced within the last few years,
but the Zinfandell and Sultana have
also large claims upon popularity.
Standing before one of these vines,
upon which inverted cones of count
less perfect spheres are hanging each
cluster weighing several pounds a
vision of the Hebrew spies, with their
maenificent crapes of Kshcol. borne
"on a staff between the two," rises tie
fore us, and involuntarily we exclaim:
"Is not this also the Promised Land?"
Few sights are more disappointing
to the eastern tourist and stranger
than a ride through a raisin vineyard
in March or early April.
Nothing greets the eye but acres of
level land covered with brown soil,
from whose arable surface thousands
of small horned stumps prtrnde.
about four or five inches high and
standing ten feet apart.
The pruning- of the vines is done be
tween the middle of November and the
Jst of March.
Soon after the wooing sunWams of
May coax open the folded bud.- the
cultivator begins its work. Soon the
laterals throw out their long arms,
upon which already appears the em
bryo grape cluster, and until the leaves
of the vine meet and shut out the pos
sibility of getting a plow between
them the cultivation continues. In
this constant vigilance lies the secret
of success.
Slowly the forest of vines expands.
As far as the eye can reach is a dead
level of living green interspersed with
silvery isles ofrunning water.
About the first of Septeinlr the long
sunn)' daj's, the dewlesa nights and
the percolated soil have perfected
their marveious work, and the first
crop is ready to be gathered, liy this
time the laterals have run riot, and the
vineyardist-can scarcely see over the
top of his vines.
The prcess of grape-gathering for
raisins requires the most delicate
handling and cleanliness. Hundreds
of shallow wooden trays, about five
'eet square, are distributed among
dozens of trained pickers. The bunches
are carefully cut irom the vine, and as
carefully laid upon the base of the tray
to avoid bruising them. There they
remain untouched for ten days and
nights. One-half the grape is by this
lime cured; but instead of turnintr
them with the hand, an empty tray is
placed over them, the lower one is in
verted, and the turning and transfer
have been made. In twelve more days
the curing is completed. The trays
and contents are then stacked about
twenty trnys high, where th.-y remain
:r five days sweating, when they are
ready to be graded and packed in
boxes of five, ten, twenty and fifty
pounds for the eastern market.
Vines 6ix years old yield one and a
half tons of raisins per acre, giving a
net income of two hundred dollars per
acre. While the supply of raisins is as
unfailing as thegrowingdemand, there
is an aesthetic as well as an economic
side. A fewwomen have not only found
raisin vineyards a source of comforta
ble revenue, but their cultivation a
most elegant and healthful pastime.
The approach to some of their homes,
with the vineyard in the rear of the
dwelling house, is throug-n avenues of
palm and magnolia trees, and if they
iie. as many do, against the foot-hills
of the Sierras, a ride through the col
umnar glories of giant redwoods is a
fitting introduction to the beauty and
utility which is sure to be beyond.
Nellie Blessing Eyster, in Harper's
Weeklv.
Strengthening CbararUr.
An excellent way to strengthen
character is to cultivate candor to
acknowledge it when you are wrong.
It will inspire self-confidence, open the
door of knowledge for you. and you
will have the sweet consciousness ol
always being right in excluding at
once all the spurts of wrong.-Detroit
Free Tress.
THE SWARMING OF THE BEES.
Napoleon Regained Ilia Empire Twenty
Days After Leaving Elba.
At nine o'clock a mighty shout is
heard without.
"The emperor! The emperor!"
The palace echoes the cry, as across
the bridge of the palace and along the
Seine embankment in through the Tuil
leries gate, thronged about by a elam
orous crowd, aud surrounded by his
soldiers and his generals. Napoleon
enters the coortyard.
Paris is wild with joy. The veter
ans fling themselves upon the emper
or's carriage. They seize him in their
arms. They drag him out, and, bear
ing him on their shoulders, they rtsh
with him through the doorway even to
the foot of the great staircase.
The palace rocks with the shouts of
weleome. The trowd bearing the em
peror, and the throng pouring down
the staircase to greet him, block the
way. Progress is impossible. People
are everywhere, and Philip, standing
at the top of the noble stairway of
honor, laughs as he cheers, to see Cor
poral Peyrolles sitting astride the
great silver statue of peace, his chap
eau on the end of his cane, his face
red with shouting and wet with tears
of joy.
At last & passageway is broken
through the crowd. Philip and M.
de Lavalette back their way aloft to
keep the passage open, and so, up the
elumoring stairway, along the gallery
of Diana, through the blue room aud
into the emperor's stud)-, amid tears
and cheers and shouts, and tossing of
hats and waving of handkerchiefs, the
emperor somes to his own again. In
twenty days after leaving Elba Napo
leon has regained his empire. With
but a thousand grenadiers he has con
quered thirty millions of people. The
Swarming of the Bees ends in a carni
val of joy. Elbridge S. lirooks, in St.
Nicholas.
BLATANT PATRIOTISM.
An American Who Remembered His
Country He fore Everything Elae.
A couple of Englishmen, en route for
Rome, were joined by an American,
whose blatant patriotism first amused,
then bored them. No matter what
was admirable, rih or rare, there was
always something in America to eclipse
it, according to our countryman. The
Britishers determined to teach the
Yankee a lesson, and taking advantage
of the chronic thirst of their aoinpan
ion, the) plied him with all the liquor
that he could be induced to absorb,
and then proposed a visit to the cata
combs. Before they reached their
destination they were obliged to guide
his errant steps between them, and at
length, overcome by drowsiness, the
American begged to be left alone to
lie down at his ease. When sounds as
of a discharge of musketry issued at
regular intervals from the nose of the
prostrate patriot, his eompanions con
cluded that ho was dreaming of the
Fourth of July, and would therefore
be oblivious of anything at hand. Pro
ducing a sjieet, purloined lrom their
hotel and until now carefully con
cealed, they wrapped the sleeper like
a mummy in its folds, and tiien left
him to "do" the catacombs on their
own account.
Returning an hour later they found
him still sleeping. One of them then
drew from under his eoat a tin fish
horn, and blew upon it a blast that
only elicited a grunt and produced a
fluttering of the eyelids of the sleeper.
A second blnst, however, longer and
louder, brought him to a sitting pos
ture, with eyes wide open ami senses
all alert. A moment of bewilderment,
and then he exclaimed, joyously: "Ga
briel's trump! Resurrection day! First
man up! Hurray! America still
ahead!" Harper's Magazine.
Nature' Kuektrim.
It .seems to lie a law of nature that
the rougher the material with which
she has to do, the more effort she puts
forth to lieautify it. The wastes of
dreary swamplands are brightened by
the flame of the cardinal llower and
the deep blue of the lobelia, while
overhead nod the cat-tails and the
blue flags. Where the bare and ragged
rocks jut out from the hillside in
ledges and bluffs, nature, with a lavish
hand, scatters her choicest flowers and
trails her rarest vines. Flowers never
seem so beautiful nor graceful as
when seen in contrast with rough
rocks, whose hardness and eolduess
they seem to defy. Who. after once
seeing it, can ever forget the charm of
the wild columbine, that with airy
lells fringes the clefts in the solid
wall of the overhanging cliff, or the
wealth of ferns at its base? It is this
sharp contrast of strength and rough
ness with beauty and grace that makes
popular the ever-present hickory of
our cities and suburbs. And it should
be remembered that the most impor
tant point in arrancing a successful
rockery is to carry out the ideas of na
ture, where the graceful vines and
plants are now to be admired in wild
natural beauty. Philadelphia Times.
New I m-s for Kleetrlclty.
A well-known New York eaterer who
owns a large restaurant gives to the
electric fan the credit of saving him
from bankruptcy. The smell of his
kitchen In-came so pervasive that it
was driving all his customers away.
After vainly trying different remedies
he had a largo fan so fixed that all the
fumes of the cooking were drawn
up a shaft and passed into the
outer air. The difference of the at
mosphere of the restaurant was not
hst on the publie; the business re
turned and soon went leyond all form
er records. A writer in an electric jour
nal teds of an exix'rienee in a factory
gallery were huge vts were simmering.
The coolest man in the factory was the
attendant standing over the vats, who
was briskly blown upon by a little fan
motor.
Iter I ndertaiiding of It. "
A woman living In one of the fashion
able avenues had a bit of statuary War
ing th inscription: "Kismet."' , The
housemaid was dusting the room one
day when the mistress appeared.
"Shnrc, mam. what's the manin' of the
Yitin'on the bottom of this'."" asked the
maid, referring- to the inscription on
the statuary. " 'Kismet' means Fate,' "
replied the mistress. Bridget was
limping painfully when she was walk
ing with Pat not lonyr afterward, and
he a.skcd: "Phwat's the matter, Brid
get?" "Faith," was her answer, "I
have the most terrible pains on me kes-met!"
NAMING CHARACTERS.
Trouble Experienced, by Novelists
in WritineT.
The Old Style Patronymics Not Vp to
the Ideas of Modern Reader
Cp - to - Hate Style
Demanded.
All the mechanism of novel writing
nas a fascination for the general pub
lic, and no part more so than the fit
ting of names to the characters. Why
certain appellations are chosen whose
aptness ami quaintness at once strikes
the reader is a question of great in
terest. The old-fashioued tales and
plays, with their Sneerwells, Back
bites. Belairs, etc, and the later case,
Thackeray's Neweones, follow the
simple rule of descriptive names, but
the raison d'etre of the many thousands
which constantly absorb the public in
terest is utterly uncertain.
Dickens, it is well known, ransacked
old London for quaiut and curious
names. Shop signs were his special
hunting ground, and in this he had a
French counterpart, Balzac. The story
is a twice told tale how the great nov
elist dragged his companion through
Paris one memorable night in search
of a name to fit some one of his stu
pendous creations, and just as the
dawn was beginning to break and the
companion's strength was failing a
bign was found which bore a name
sufficiently outlandish to suit even
Balzac's taste. The name once given,
he was wont to declare it grew to the
character so that separation was to
him utterly impossible.
Such a separation was recently en
forced on an author. Miss Anna II.
Walker, well known from her many
charming books, and even more famous
as the bister of Susan Warner, who
wrote "The Wide, Wide World,"
planned a book which was to treat of
West Point life. In searching for a
name for her hero, which would not
be likely to appear in any army regis
ter, an old name came to her mind
one that she had not heard for more
than fifty years, and then only once
the owner having been a client of her
father. She recalled hearing him com
ment of the strangeness of the name,
and only that circumstance impressed
it on her memory.
The lxk was written, with the hero
bearing the quaint old name, but when
she submitted it to the publishers she
was informed that there was some one
living of that name who decidedly ob
jected to having it appear "in a book."
distinctive as it was through its odd
ness. With inward protest the patient
author then set about to find another
name, but the personality of her hero
had become indissolubly bound to her
first choice, and no other one seemed
to fit it. N. Y. Herald.
WUe Old King Ceernps.
Did I say that the people who lived
there (Athens) at that time were sim
ple minded? Rather childlike thev
were in some ways, ana not so worldly
wise as they might have been had they
lived some thousand years later; but
they were neither simpletons nor alto
gether savages. They were the fore
most people of Greece. It was all ow
ing to their king, wise old Cecrops,
that they had risen to a condition su
perior to that of the half barbarous
tribes around them. He had shown
them how to sow barley and wheat
and plant vineyards; and he had
taught them to depend upon these and
their flocksind herds for f ood. rather
than upon the wild beasts of the chase.
He had persuaded them to lay aside
many of their old cruel customs, had
set them in families with each its own
home, and had instructed them in the
worship of the gods. On the top of the
Acropolis they had built a little city
and projected it with walls an 1 forti
fications against any attack from their
warlike ncightiors; and from this jHiint
as a center they had, little by little,
exteutled their influence to the sea on
one side and to tiie mountains on the
other. But, strange to say, they hail
not yet given a name to their city, nor
had ' they decided which one of the
gods should be its protector. J runes
Baldwin, in St. Nicholas.
A Fire-Born Hug.
There are some bad bugs and worms
in the southern forests, but there are
certainly none that are quite equal in
endurance and toughness to the worm
that developed himself from the great
forest Ores of the northwest. Scarcely
had the fires cooled sufficiently for the
owners to make inspection of losses
when they found that this new worm
had got there first, and was already
completing the destruction of what
the flames had spared. Both standing
and cut timbers were attacked, and the
most vigorous measures have been re
sorted to and with only partial suc
cess. This worm seems to have evolved
from the heat, and, so far, the cold and
snows of the winter do not appear to
have affected his health or lessened his
voracity. He certainly is a new and
junpleakant feature in the timler ques
tion, and a nut that scientists have not
yet cracked. Chicago Chronicle.
The Warrior and Ills Otiiftttoa.
At some maneuvers of the volunteers
in Dumfriesshire the troops were divid
ed into two parts, an attacking and a
defending iorce. The former were
posted behind a hedge during some
skirmishing, when one of the defend
ers suddenly burst through and was
immediately surrounded. "Down with
your arms you're my prisoner!" cried
the sergeant. "Nae, nae, mon." re
turned the intruder, coolly, "I'm nae
preesoner." "I tell you we are the
enemy," cried the sergeant. "I dinna
care whether ye're the enemy or nae,"
retorted the intrepid volunteer; "I hae
lost ma snuitbox and I'm ne gann back
without it." Amid general laughter
the valiant warrior was allowed to
look for "ma snuffbox," and when he
had found it he departed in peace. N.
Y. World.
Directions Followed.
Mistress Maggie, I wish you would
wash eggs carefully before breaking
them in the cake. I always keep the
shells to clear the coffee with.
Maggie Shure, mum, an ye towld
me thot same yisterday. It's notmesilf
that's fergettin, an here they all are,
to dry on the rack, scrubbed inside an
out wid the sand 6oap an as dry as the
flat o yer hand, mum!
One more victim of the Emerald isle
is trying to pluck tip courage and try
again. JmLre
CLUBS IN ANCIENT TIMES.
Some Notes on the Social Organisations
of Cent uric Ago.
Clubs are not modern institutions.
In the ancient days of Greece the men
of Athens combined for social inter
course. In Rome the earliest clubs were the
trade guilds founded by Numa I'om
pilius in 720 Ii. C, similar to the guilds
of the craftsmen which played so im
portant a part in the history of the
middle ages. At one time there were
eighty of these guilds in Rome alone
and they were not confined entirely to
the metropolis either.
Very closely allied to the masonic
society of our day were the societies
formed throughout the Roman empire
for the practice of religious rites un
known to the states, except that our
masonic societies violate no laws.
Even the slaves in Rome formed
clubs of their own, which somewhat
retembled trade unions. Although
military clubs were prohibited, yet
they were tolerated among the officers
of regiments in foreign service. The
rules of a club in a regiment on duty
in Africa have been discovered on the
site of a Roman encampment. They
showed that the annual dues were
about one hundred and twenty-five
dollars.
Even women's clubs are not of recent
date. The Roman matrons had many
such gatherings, some for religious,
some for social purposes. The most
celebrated of these was the "Senate of
Matrons." Connected with it was a
debating society in which momentous
questions of dress and etiquette were
discussed much as they are at the pres
ent time.
In both Greece and Rome political,
clubs were common anil the aristocrats
and democrats advanced their views
much as they do to-day. Club houses
were few in numtier because the meet
ings were usually held out of doors.
From the time of Christ to Henry IV.
is a long step, but investigation fails to
show that there were any clubs during
that period. The first definite infor
mation we have concerning an English
club is given by Thomas Occleve, the
poet, who, with Chaucer, belonged to
a club called "La Court de Bone Com
pagnie." In the reign of Queen Elizabeth
clubs liecame very numerous, and some
of them were famous owing to the
great men who belonged to them.
Chicago News.
THE COURAGE OF WOMEN.
It Is Pasnive Fortitude Rather Than
I'hyalcal Demonstration.
Let us consider in what the physical
courage of woman has hitherto most
differed from that of man, for the
difference is one not only of
degree, but quality, and the re
suit partly of physiological condi
tions, partly the influence of here
dity, and partly of the necessities
of her social life and the education
which is habitually assigned to her
all of which must affect the future as
well as the past. Broadly speaking,
it is in passive fortitude and endur
ance, in continuance rather than
vehemence of effort, in self-abnegation
and vicarious pleasure that the cour
age of woman excels. She will face
with equanimity a necessary danger,
but will rarely seek or delight in it
Joys of contest and peril have for her
little meaning, and no attraction;
they threaten the home; they are
physically prescrioed during a great
portion of her life; they conflict with
her special province of being beauti
ful, and her special glory of Wing
chosen and protected. I doubt whether
there lie a woman iu the world who
does not in her heart of hearts still
like being fought for, who does not
admire even an ordinary feat of
strength or daring more than all the
honors of the schools.
How strange it would lie were this
not so, when we remember that for
centuries ujn centuries the progress
of civilization, the evolution of sex,
has Wen founded upon the contest of
male for female. When we think of
the course of history, the necessities of
structure, the influence of maternity,
the slow inheritance of one uniform
tradition of conduct, of all these di
verse and potent factors alike tending
in the same direction, there is no
rtKm for wonder that a radically dif
ferent conception of courage should be
held by men and women, and we must
require very strong evidence to Wlieve
that such a conception in harmouy, as
it appears to tie alike with nature and
reason, is erroneous or destructible.
Fortnightly Review.
It Is l'oor In l'iithes.
The Colorado basin is the largest
in the United States, draining not less
than two hundred and twenty-five
thousand square miles, yet, according
to a paH-r prepared for the I'nited
States fish commission by Messrs.
Everman and Rutter, it contains but
thirty-two sjHM-ies offish of eighteen
genera. These Wlong to the following
five families: Catostomidae or suckers,
eight sjH'cies; Cypriniilae or minnows,
ninetit-n; Salmon idae or trout and
while fish, two; Poecilidae or top min
nows, two; and Cottidae or blobs, one.
All but seven of the species are thus
far known only from this basin. In
comparison it is stated that eighty dif
ferent species are known from the
basin of the Rio Grande, one hundred
and forty from that of the Missouri
and one hundred aud thirty from the
Wabash basin.
The Caynie aa a I'eMt.
The Indian cay use is the worst pest
that inflicts this country. The Indian
horses spread all over the ranges, and
are not confined within the reservation
limits. It is estimated that fifteen
thousand worthless wild ponies range
unrestrained over the hills of this coun
try and devour the gixxl bunch grass.
These cayuses each eat enough good
fodder to fatten a four-year-old steer,
and one steer is worth more than ten
glass-eyed broncos. If we could enact
a law to declare every pony of an as
sessed value of less than one dollar a
public nuisance, it would add material
ly .to the prosperity of this country
To I'tllise caim
Ncarly a hundred schemes have boen
devised for utilizing culm, the' name
given to the fine dust or refuse of coal
that is shipped from the mines. Many
of these schemes have proved useless.
It is now suggested that electrical
power plants W established at all coal
mines where culm accumulates and
that it W used as fiiel for generat ing
power, which could then bo conveyed
by wire to neighboring cities.
SPIDER RAISING.
The Unique Enterprise of a Penn
sylvania Farmer.
Wine Merchants liny the Insects and
Place Them In Their Cellars to Weave
Webs About the Hottles to
Cilve Them Age.
Although entomologists have often
raised spiders for purposes of scientific
observation and investigation, spider
raising as a money-making industry is
something rather novel. One has only
to go four miles from Philadelphia, on
the old I tineas ter pike, and ask for the
farm of Pierre Grantaire to see what
can W found nowhere else in this coun
try, and abroad only in a little French
village in the department of the Ioire.
Pierre Grantaire furnishes spiders at
60 much per hundred for distribution
in the wine vaults of merchants and
the uouveaux riches. His trade is
chiefly with the wholesale merchant,
who is able to stock a cellar with new,
shining, freshly laWled bottles, and in
three months see them veiled with
.filmy cobwebs, so that the effect of
twenty years of storage is secured at a
small cost. The effect upon a custom
er can W imagined, and is hardly to W
measured in dollars and cents. It is a
trifling matter to cover the bins with
dust, but to cover them with cobwebs
spun from cork to cork, and that drape
the neck like delicate lace, the seal of
years of slow mellowing, that is a dif
ferent matter. The walls of Mr. Gran
taire's spider house are covered with
wire squares 'rora six inches to a foot
across, and Whiud these screens the
walls are covered with rough plank
ing. There are cracks between the
boards apparently left with design,
and their weatherWaten surfaces are
dotted with knot holes and splintered
crevices. Long tables running the
length of the room are covered witli
small wire frames, wooden boxes and
glass jars. All of these wires in the
room are covered with patterns of luce
drapery, in the geometrical outlines
fashioned by the spider artists. The
sunlight streaming through the door
shows the room hung with curtains oi
elfin-woven lace work.
It is not all kinds of spiders that
make webs suitable for the purposes
of the merchant, and those selected by
Mr. Grantaire are species that weave
fine, large ones of lines and circles.
They are the only webs that look
artistic in the wine cellar or on the
bottles. The spiders that weave these
are principally the Epeira vulgaris and
Nephila piamipes.
When Mr. Grantaire has an order
from a wine merchant, he places the
spiders in small pater boxes, a pair in
a box, and ships them in a crate with
many holes for the ingress of air. The
price asked, ten dollars a hundred,
well repays the wine merchant who, at
an expenditure of forty or fifty dol
lars, may sell his stock of wine for a
thousand or more dollars above what
he could have obtained for it Wfore
the spiders dressed his bottles in the
roWs of long ago. Mr. Grantaire has
on nana, at a time, ten tnousana
spiders, old and young, the eggs of
some of which, the choicest, he obtains
from France.
When the mother spider wishes to
lay her eggs she makes a small web in
a broad crack, then she lays, say, fifty
eggs, which she covers with a soft silk
cocoon. In two weeks (or longer in
winter) the egirs Wgin to hatch, an op
eration that takes one or two days.
The eggshells crack off in flakes and
the young spiders have a struggle to
emerge. Then they Wgin to grow,
and in a week look like spiders. They
often moult and shed their skins like
snakes. The brood has to W sep
arated at a tender age, else the mem
Wrs of the family would devour each
other until only one was left. Phila
delphia Times.
No "Three Extates of the Realm."
For all practical purposes there are
only two estates in the English parlia
ment, lords and commons. Thus the
phrase of the three estates, which had
a meaning in France, Wuaine mean
ingless in Englaud. For centuries past
there has Wen no separate estate of
the clergy; some of their highest mem
bers have Wlonged to the estate of the
lords and the rest to the estate of the
commons. Hence has arisen a com
mon, but not unnatural misconception,
as old as the long parliament, as to
the meaning of the three estates. Men
constantly use those words as if they
meant the three elements among
which the legislative jower is divided,
king, lords and commons. But an es
tate means a rank, or order, or ciass of
men. like the lords, the clergy, or the
commons. The king is not au estate.
Wcause there is no class or -order of
kings, the king Wing one person alone
by himself. The proer phrase is the
king and the three estates of the
realm. But in England, as I have al
ready shown, the phrase is meaning
less, as we have, in truth, two estates
only. C. A. Freeman's Growth of the
English Constitution.
A 1'ralrie ScUMner.
A novel adaptation of the house-boat
idea to overland pleasure has been
worked out by a wealthy Kansan. With
his wife he starti-d from his Kansas
home a week or two ago on a summer
pleasure trip to the far northwest in a
big prairie schooner, built expressly
for the trip, and fitted with most of the
conveniences and comforts of a sum
mer cottage. The wagon is of more
than ordinary size, even for a prairie
schooner. The lied of the wagon is
floored over, and on this is constructed
a substantial house of canvas, with
strong wooden framework. It has win
dows in the sides and doors at each
end, and is compactly and cozily fitted.
The wheels are low and have very wide
tires. In this conveyance the people
will travel over the prairies and the
western trails, as fancy dictates, just
as a house Wat party lazily drifts
among the Florida bayous.
la -" o uanger.
Judge Andrews, of Georgia, once,
when a candidate for governor of his
state, was explaining to the crowd of
people that had assembled to hear
him how his friends had pressed him
to be a candidate, and that the office
was seeking him; he was not seeking
the office. "In fact," he exclaimed,
"the office of governor has Wen fol
lowing me for the last ten years." At
this point a tall countryman at the
rear of the audience rose. "But here's
yer consolation, judge!" he shouted;
"you're gainin on it all the time! It'll
never catch you!" This prophecy
proved to be correct. Chicago News.
PUNGENT PARAGRAPHS.
Cholly Chumpey T see that ear
rings are coming into fashion again.
Have your cars ever Wen lored?" Miss
Caustic "What a question! Haven't
I often listened to your twaddle?"
Syracuse Post.
BlobW "I'm going down to At
lantic to-morrow. I'll look up your
sister." Slobbs "Yes, do. She's hav
ing such a dull time; she wrote me sho
would W glad to see anybody." Phil
adelphia Record.
"Ah," said the jovial friend of the
man with the vaiise. "going for a lit
tle rest, are you?" "No," was the re
ply, with a hurried glance at the time
table. "I'm going away on my vaca
tion." Washington Star.
He "What a pity that Miss Vere
de Vere should have lost her good
name." She (rreatly shocked) "In
Heaven's name, what do you mean?"
He "Why, marrying a man named
Jones, of course." N. Y. Sun.
Violet "I've just had a letter from
George, and he says he's going to W
married." Vivienne "Going to W
married! Why. 1 thought Well,
you seem very cool about it. Who's
he going to marry?" Violet "Me."
J udy.
Cleff "They tell me your daughter
Julia is quite a singer. Has she a (rood
voice? Is her method " Staff
''Can't say so much about her voice,
but her method is superb She nerer
sings when 1 am at home." Boston
Transcript.
Stranger "Do the people do much
hunting around here?" Native "They
do for a fact- Iead loads of it."
Stranger "What do they hunt deer
or quail?" Native "Nope. Money to
meet their notes in bank with." Flor
ida Times-Fnion.
Port Officer "What have you on
board, captain?" Captain "Our cargo
consists of one thousand cases of or
anges." Port Oiiicer "Yes." Captain
"One thousand cases of eggs." Port
Officer "Yes." Captain "Three cases
of yellow fever!" Tit-Bits.
The Kind to Have. Jack "My
landlady is a young widow and good
looking." Dick 'loes she ever say
any teDder things to you?" Jack
"You Wt she does. She says 'Wef
steak and 'chicken and " Dick
"Hold on. That's the kind of a one
I'm looking for. Any room for an ex
tra eater there?" Detroit Free Press.
Mrs. Cumso (severely) "Johnny,
I heard you ue that expression "those
kind,' after I told you it was wrong."
Johnny Cumso "But, mamma, it was
rhrht this time. I'm sure." Mrs. Cumso
"It is never right to say 'those kind.
Johnny." Johnny Cumso "But,
mamma," persisted Johnny, "I was
speaking of those kind girls who helped
me up when I fell off my bicycle."
Harper's Bazar.
"Here is an item." said Mr. Chng
water, w ho was looking over his morn
ing paper, "about a man that fell from
the thirteenth floor of a -ky-scraper the
other day." "lid it kill him?" asked
Mrs. Chugwater. "Kill him? He
never knew what hurt him." "1 might
have known it," rejoined Mrs. Chug
water, Tabbing her nose thoughtfully.
"Thirteen is such an unlucky numWr"
Chicago Tribune.
CALIFORNIA UNDER SPAIN.
Trade Restrictions Which Were Deadly to
the loan? Colonies.
England was a careless parent. Her
children, neglected by the mother coun
try, forced to tarn their own living
while yet young, though having thus
a sorry youth, still early developed
strength, energy and ambition to do
for themselves, and W free from
parental rule. Spain, though she even
fed and clothed her colonists, kept
them strictly dependent upon her for
the smallest as well as the greatest
needs, diseourairiag freedom of thought
as well as action, governing by a mass
of rules to which was exacted implicit
oWdience. She thus kept a strong
hold upon her most remote settle
ments, which rendered it dilSeult, al
most impossible, for the cuiouists to.
develop into independent citizenhood.
Spanish trade restrictions were deadly
to the young colonies, and at length
almost suicidal to the parent land. No
trade was allowed with other coun
tries, and only with Spain herself
through the one port of reville, where
it was rigidly inspected by the "house
of trade" that Ward of regulators
with the narrowest ideas and instruc
tions. All commerce had to W carried
in Spanish vessels, so why should the
settlers build ships? Trade Wtween
sister colonies was forbidden, and no
foreign vessel could enter a harbor of
a Spanish possession, or land a man
without carrying a special permit- To
prevent colonists trading with foreign
ers, death and forfeiture of property
were the penalties. To strengthen
further her peculiar trade policy, Spain
forbade the cultivation in the colonies
of such raw products as came into di
rect competition with hime industries.
The culture of hemp, tobacco, olives,
grapes in vineyard, and many other ar
ticles, came under this list. --Overland
Monthly.
MUCH IN LITTLE,
Is simple manners all the secret lies;
W kind and virtuous, you'll W blest
and wise. Young.
No wild enthusiast ever yet could
rest till half mankind were like him
self ptjssc-ssed. Cow per.
A rational nature admits of nothing
but what is serviceable to the rest of
mankind. Antoninus.
Whex the fight Wgins within him
self a man's worth something. The
soul wakes and grows. Browning.
IIoxtst designs justly resembles our
devotions, which we must pay and
wait for the reward. Sir RoWrt How
ard. TirERn is nothing that wears out a
fine face like the vigils of the card ta
ble, and those cutting passions which
attend them. Steele.
ITEMS FROM THE ORIENT!
Uxtil forty years ago Japanese were
vaccinated on the tip of the nose.
At a Japanese banquet it is a com
pliment to ask to exchange cups with a
friend.
Thk seed of the plant "pride of
China" grows a fruit called "madWrry"
which intoxicates birds that feed upon iL
Til K Siamese have a great horror of
odd nuiuWrs, and were never known
to put five, seven, nine or eleven win
dows in a honso or temple.
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