7
Cjiiiilriii : Freeman
in Pnblihiil;Wri-lil; itt
KF.KNRI KU, t AMBBIA CO., PSSS.,
HV JA.nK. U. IUVO.V,
Ooarnnteetl t'ticulatl-n.
I. -00
Kitcrlt Inn Rule.
OnrrnpY. 1 en", CHIl in :u!rntico ." '!
il.i .In li m.l l'Mi.l ltinn ""'"'
,lo n.. It not i i i.l nt'i - i""h
.t,. .1.. II not .i.l will"" "'e y':,t- 1 -J
...-To person readmit cut-lde of the count,
ju cut. ad.i.t.onal t.or ,er w,ll Le cbn(,I t..
oay ixiilun.
. -.hi init ahove term le do-
p" UiSTr,".. ,.. .ue -ooU a. 1 b.x. -h
rt!? lit an- ''' '","5t'y un.mrst.HHt froi-
i..m.oiu .None Imt sonlawaKS .l'.-.tnerwrne.- i
don't wamwiuf liro uw auort. i
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.GANSMAN'S.
SPRING DISPLAY
OF
QUALITY
AND
ELEGANCE.
i.le awnko and ca.-ly in tin-
W.
re
' ; .ii vuiir lni i:i r 1 1 ii i ii' i ' .i i '""
,; unv in. .r.-st to . all :i..l - .-l.tiriiiiiiir .liM'v " nVflti.- re-. ,
I I liiii.l.-M;iii.I:.i.I i:i.h-s in .M.ii's. llnys an.l t In I.l I'.'ii s
If v. II uih t.isr.- til.' n.'W.'-t- l.l.-:i fur
I Mm w i-li t.. ". tin-very stl'-i
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II hi w ;i ii f. .1 1 in i"i '".i Mi.iiM ....... .
If v.. ii uiini t.'.nj.'y ili- lull piiivliM-ini.' ii.iw.t of y.nir ilolhir sp.-nd itwiMi
D. GANSMAN,
LARGEST CLOTH lErt, HATTER AND FURNISHER,
ins i:u:'i:srii a-j:.l i:, m.too.sa.
(
! ii-H II llHW.Snlril'lun.
"caul RXVINTCT,
PRACTICAL
WATCHMAKER a IEWEtEH
-AND DEALER IN-
8-3! . ; M
Mi , '. If
.7 ! I
"Seeing; Is Believing."
3?
7.';7:.:;i;'.'' must be simple; -when it is not simple it is fiMlU$&
UUlWg&&not roo.1. Xmffs, beautiful, CvZthese t&S
Cp-4 words mean much, but to see " The Rochester " Cpr1
win impress tne iruin more
: . . . ..
it is alsoluL-ly safezxuX unbreakable. Like Aladdin's
of old, it is indeed a "wonderful lamp," for its mar- J?
velous light is purer and brighter than gas light, SSii
softer than electric light and more cheerful than either.
I.fvlc for thisstnmp Tim Rochfster. If the lampdealerhnsn't the tannine
PrK'hl'tcT. and tl ? tvle vciu wtlt Sfllit tt f.ir .mr n. illiivfrnl.I --. -i I. w. n
anJ wiil sruj you a hrati s;ifi.-!v bv express your choice oi ovtr 2,OUO
rLvH.viricti.s liom tl:e Largest Lamp Stire is A ii'utUl,
'-'r&M ItorilKSXlilt U3IP CO., 42 Park-Place, New York City.
0 1TV U
HAY-
AND
f'.y Crerm. fiiUm i nit. a li''it'i?, tnitlf
nrl-Tn ditiMdir tl 1 1. ii intra
I? Hf the ' ilriii't!i.U
UUb ELY BROTHERS, 56
ELKHART m aire m.
KoJ. f arm Hornet: tCll m toad &3Son.
ii-v ' -.TiinM U ;or-
.-.1 I irtA-oyv.rq vV riy
. ..... r -...., tc... .
fa. 41. Wartai
n .t' rrrf" r
i-IT " v lj f-.Irsl. 5s :;;
v-ijjSiL
FOR ARTISTIC
JOB PBIMTIM
TRY THE FREEMAN.
mo l.i iii f i.'j-r hi. .m iiuni, .Nr
'.'iisnepii. Iirnn. t'rnurv r I.ivar i.r,ir
Kii.iwnl.ya toe. I. lunn.i'.l teriltit: lir.u i u-n i.l
H i- m.lm.m nt.ii.fN. ,. i ,,i,.,nn iln tn.io I. n.
ui.lrAi.iMunt.rriiji.vt.it ..u run ,.!( Imvo lual'li.
l ma uvrr M r r.trit .in., i.l Kriuti' li.-i-ije
nl ir....y Mrt I.I.. I' Ma ikk. Hi tlilrl.nn,
l I . . ..tl.er oihor nninlar ti-niti.onial.i. Try
" l.uiu ituui iiBlr-..
hmn'k k lilnry urr 4 .
T.n etiitriuti rliei l. l'lilla.1. IpliU. I'.v
S.il.l '.y an mllal.la .lriiifnir tn.
Etenstarg; Fire Insurance Apcj
'l AV. DICK,
General Irsurance Agenl
KHEHAHURO, PA.
fuRCriTS samples Fwee
10 HO r-H I A l.ll. in. w r1t-ii. .
k .o. a. M4rrT.N. York) iu
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lay
V.; la "iF
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JAS. C. HASSON. Editor and
V V.liUiuJj -tVV lit
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field with a S..in- Stock of the lliilh.-st ,
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tin- s..ii-ii. f.tmi' ilinl s.-e us.
hum r.-!i;ii'i.' in;ih'- ""'-"" '
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Watches, Clocks
JKWEIJIY,
Silverware, Mnsical Instrmnent?
ANN
Optical Gcodc.
Sole Agent
KOK TJiK
Celebrated Rockford
WATCHKS.
Jiilumlila'anil Frednnia Watches.
In Kt-y and Stem Winders.'
..AHliK SKLKCTIOX op ALL KIND
of JF'.WKLKV always on hand.
X-iT" Mv lino of .lewplrv i unsurpassed
'..!if an.l for yourself before nurchas
rL' rlwht'ri.
A I.I. WOKK OCAKAJJTKED -J
CARL RIVINIUS
Kiwnstinrit. Nov. 11.1Ss5--tf.
And a good lamp Migx
- 'ii ah .
iorciuiv. ui metai. vvr:';
vi fr-fl II 3 ILJ
"The Rochester."
Ha MS4-0 hCP" i
FEVER
or jftrtkr. Appl'fd into Vie iulriU it is
J! Ltiiit. nlutHA i ti llillnnitilinn.. hfilbi
of ssnt by mml an rtrript of jirirn.
k; 50c
Warren Sireat HEW YORK
'.f uir.ty u (.Aid H
n - gu jl.-nt 5I.lt. A) t rV'
... .w . I . .- ' i
J.ir: ., i.'i'lhrr. ,
iiithMk !Uci:t. 4IR
Gsc'jf, ELKHART, I Pi D.
Scientific American
Agency for
CAVEATS.
TRADE MARKS.
DESIGN PATENTS,
COPVRICHT8. etcJ
KrrtnfrvTmntloti nd trc Il.m.tlior.k wnt.fa)
MI NN - .! Hh.iai.w.w. Nkw Vi. hit.
OMi-hI l-uri'Mii f.ir iHM-iiriitu: i-ntt-nt In Aninr
vitt pnf.'iit tnkn .mt l.y it l.rf.iiulit lMf..ro
tue puUic lf m uotice kitui lruu of cluuxe lu tiia
Irff!it r'miUtlon of ny iwHontlflff popor In thu
H'.rla. . li'ii. it. I: r illiiKtmitHl. iiiTihi..'fiit
niita mhouiil he wlihuut It. W'klT
J.-.ir: fl .iix TiMHilhu. A.lilrw Alt NN 4
1L iuuk.iL9, Jtl HrutUa,r.jw Vuik Citj.
FEES BROS.'
Shaving Parlor,
Mam Street, Ncar Post ClTicc
.Thr ini'lrritlicncl ilei.ri tntnrorm the pnt- i
lie ilii they live ni;. nlmvinu par ur m
Main mrroi. ni.r I lie m . I olttce oher lirtirlrt ,
in Mil lb irantiiB . win wirisq In in.
futuro. Kvt-mninir neat and cieaa.
Vour patruoaica ulicuet.
ykjza uuuh.'
A
1 'A
4
'o
Proprietor.
AN HISTORIC ROOM.
The
Vice President's Apartment
at the CapitoL
Some of the Tntereatlnff ICellcs of tha
Former lloldnra of the Ollice A
Singular C'uatora of lletlriiir
Occniiauti.
As soon as Mr. Stevenson takes the
onth of oiuVe. as vice presiiK'nt. says a
WushiniTton letter t the ISoston Adver
tiser, he will be the pos.s4-Ns.tr of a room
tiuit is Ixjth tH'autiful ami historic.
This is the room just olT from the sen
ate ehanilier whieh is used as the ollice
t.f the vice president. In the senate
winr of the eapitol there are two rooms
set apart, one for the president an.l one
for the vice president. The former is
lut seldom used, while the latter is used
daily as an ollice and contains some
very int. vest invf relics. The former en
trance to the ice president's room, just
outside the lol.hy, has lioen for some
years closed, and the little alcove made
thereby is now used as a wa.sh-r.Hiin.
This little place contains one of the
most interest in relics in the room. It
is :i small mirror two and one-half feet
by ci.trh teen incites wide and was pur
chased by the senate for John Adams,
the first vice president of the l'nitl
States and the political mnuinr mate
of Washington. It has a very ordinary
rilt frame iin.l is made of j ir material.
Still, it caused a (Treat controversy in
the senate at the time of its purchase,
some of the senators objecting; to the
price, which was forty dollars, saying
that the amount was entirely too much
for the piviTniii.-nt to expend for a
mirror, even for a vice president, and
only after a lengthy and interesting
debate was it decided to purchase it.
The mirror has rweivol every care
and is now in almost pcru-ct condition,
hav ing ln-cn for the last fifty years in
the care of the venerable ("apt. I'.assett.
who has had it cared for as tenderly :ts
a child. Another article in the little
wash-room is a lieaiitifnll.y carvi-d toilet
case. This cabinet is of ebony ami was
made for President Arthur at his special
ivpiest. he siijHTintentling the design
and manufacture himself. I n one of
thewallsof the room is a painting of
I ieorire ashin'Um, and this painting
is considered the l-st of Washington in
existence. It was executed by llem
bran.it l'eale in IT'..".. 1'eale had three
sittings of Washington, ami at that
time dentistry was not practiced sis
s.-icntitic;i!ly as it is at the present day.
audit is a historical fact that at each
of these sittings Washington used raw
ei it t. hi as a substitute f. r false teeth, so
as to fill out the mouth and cheeks.
This (rives bis lace a very determined
ltx.U. and not the caccful f.vpressioii
with which he is generally credited in
I rt raits.
Alove the pa'ntinT. roll.sl up in it.s
statT, is a large silk American Hag. In
1 thi- flag was presented to the s'i
ate by the Ladies ill Culture associa
tion of i'hiia.lelphi:u The weaving and
the making of t!ie ilag wa ail done ii:
the I'uitcd Stat.-s, of the fiae.l of sill:.
su-rior even to the imported article.
On the right and left of the painting
nr.' marble busts of Lufayett. S. Foster
an.l lU-nry Wilson. The former was a
senator from I'nnn.vt ieut, and was. at
the death of Mr. Wilson, who, during
his term as vice president, dud from
apoplexy in this very room, elected by
the senate as vice president pro tcm
jKire. Near the w:ish-pxm is a very
handsome gold clock, which was pur
chased by Vice President lhtilas, and
which r; fuseh. to keep g. h m 1 time.
'i'here is also in the r. m a large mir
ror and a very exquisitely carved bok
r:i'.r. The lower part of the InMikca.se
is used as a w.mmI box, and the eapitol
guides tell strangers that '"this
known as the two-thousand-llhtr
wood-lxix." It was not originally in
tended sis such, but it was found incon
venient to have the v.xnl for the lire
pla.f storcil in the senate lobby, and
invessity demanded that the lower part
of this beautiful .case 1h ussl for that
purpose. The custom has In-en to pre
sent the fender, with it.s accompanying
tongs, shovel, poker and other lire uten
sils, to the retiring vice president, ami
there is also given him the ink st ami
which In- used while he was holding
the ollice.
The inkstand is usually a large and
magnificent alTair of silver. The
present fender and inkstand have In-cn
in the rinnu for some time, as Mr. In
galls, vice president pro tempore lie fore
Mr. Morton came in, cither forgot to
take .them away or did not care to.
Lach vice president upon retiring pre
sents the r.Mm with some ornament,
an.l Mr. Morton's gift will In' an easy
chair of the most approve I design.
Altogether the room is a most delight
ful retreat, with its large sipiare form.
stiiee.H-d ceiling. tinUl walls, ecru
carpet, rosewinnl tables, mahogany
chairs and massive desk. Itesides the
riMiui is the custinlian of the electoral
votes, for here stands the little steel
safe where the electoral packages of
electoral votes are placel as fast as
they arrive in Washington,
IN OLD ENGLAND.
En;i asd is as large as Iowa.
The youngest man in the new Hritish
house of commons is twenty-two years
old; the oldest, ninety.
An I'nglish company is being organ
ized fur the acclimatization of -elephants
in South America.
A i:hixh'kiios has been in the "London
ZH for twenty-eight years. This is
stated to lie the longest time an animal
of this kind has lived in captivity in
London.
In England alone more than lO.OOO,
(JiM) nil lamps are used nightly. They
au.se "oo dcatli.s annually, and in Lon
don alone l.V. lircs in a single year have
been traced to them.
A Smart Yankee Shipper.
A writer in the Nautical Magazine
tells a story of how. a Yankee skipper
contrived to free his ship from rats.
While he lay in port he discovered that
one of the Itritish ships then in the har
lr had among her cargo a great
quantity of cheese. He thereupon
found an excuse for hauling over to her
and m.Hiring his own packet alongside.
The next step was to procure a plank,
smear it well with an odoriferous prep
aration of rt herrings, and place it so
as to lead through one of the ports on
Imard the Englishman. The immedi
ate result was a wholesale ein:griion
of the rats from the American ship's
hold to the cheese-laden vessel along-
HE IS A rBEKXiH 'WHOM THE TRCTH MAKES FREE ASD ALL ABE ELATES BE6IDE.
E BENS BURG, PA., FRIDAY. MAY 5, 1S93.
CHASED BY A BOX CAR.
An Kxrltlng Cplnotle of Itailroadlug- In the
l.ilora.lo Mountaina.
"I was chased once by a box car,"
said an ex-railroad man, to a Kansas
City Journal representative. "It was
out in Colorado, the land of steep
grades and sharp curves. We were slid
ing down the mountains one day with a
baggage ear and two coaches. I was on
the rear platform looking at the road
when I descried a box car coming down
the grade at a rate of speed that was
appalling. If it struck us we were gone
sure, for it would smash the entire train
into kindling wocxl and pile it up in
one of the gorges. Our only hope was
to either outrun or wreck it. The en-ginee-.-
caught sight of it at the same in
stant that I did, an.l put the lever down
among the tallow pots.
'"It appeared impossible that we could
hold the track on the sharp curves
while moving more than a mile a min
ute, but we did, and the os car con
tinued to saw wood. If we could once
get to the f.xit of the grade we would
be safe, but that was sHin sen tf le
impossible. Rapidly as we were going
the Ihix car continued to gaiu upon us.
and now we could see that it was loaded
with iron. Something must ho done and
that quickly. All the passengers had
fled into the forward coach, and were
hanging on to the seats. I signahtl
the engineer to shut oft, set a brake
hard on the rear coach, pulled the pin
and the engineer opened the throttle.
We had not gone one hundred yards lo
foro the Inix car ran into the coach and
sent splinters living a quarter of a mile
high, llotii went plunging over into a
chasm, and I hunted up a passenger who
had a THx-ket flask, and reinforced my
nerves."
CHANGEABLE ROSES.
One of the Florir ult ural Achievements or
Oriental 1'eiiplea.
The Chinese, the Japanese and the
Siamese know a thing or two about
tHitauy and floriculture that would lie
of much value to the German, English
and American Initanists. One of their
tchivomcnts the one on which they
iri.le themselves alnive all others, lin
es s it is the art of raising oaks in thim
oles is the "changeable rose," a real
s'"in everything except that it is
ivhite when in the shade and hl.HHl-rod
is sHn as thesun strikes it. The words
"as sihiii" in the last sentence alnive do
not literally mean instantaneously, but
me thing is sure, the transformation is
rapid enough for the wondering eyes
that are allowed the rare pleasure of
In-holding such a wonderful sight
After night, or when in a dark nmin,
says the St. Louis Republic, this
curiosity of the rose family is a
pure, waxy white blossom. When
t ran.'.fcrrcd to open air the transforma
tion immediately sets in. the time of the
entire change of the flower from white
to the most sanguine of all sanguine
hues depending tn the degree of sun
light an.l warmtli. First the petals
take on a kind of washed or faded blue
color, which rapidly changes to a very
f:::nt blush of pink. The pink gradu
ally deepens in hue until you find that
your lily-white rose of an hour In-fore
i:i as red as the reddest peony that ever
I .loomed.
DIDN'T FOOL HIM.
tan tier ll It Waa Nome! hlnjj of a Judge o
Jeweiii lilmaeir.
A good story is told of one of the Van
derbitts. says an exchange. While
abroad recently he was visited by a
rich I lerl in jeweler, who. without wait
ing the usual formalities incident to
gaining an audience, marched in-on
Mr. Vamlerbilt unannounced. The in
truder was an elderly man w ith an in
telligent face and attired in faultless
evening dress, the fashion proscribed
by European etiquette for visits to po
tentates, ambassadors and other high
dignitaries, irrespective of the hour or
season. Mr. Vanderbilt was surprised,
but not overwhelmed, by the jeweler's
evident attempt at continental com
plaisance. He listened to his tale of
the "greatest, ruby on earth," which
the dealer was willing to dispose of at
a sacrifice, with a courteous air, and
then offered hira one-tenth-of the price
demanded.
"I have five stones of exactly the
same dimensions and coloring,"1' said he,
"and am willing to complete the half
iliiA'ti at a fair figure. You may send
me your answer within two hours.
J.hhI morning."
The answer arrived eighteen minutes
lie fore the pros riln-d time had elapsed.
It was in the aflirmative.
CROWS IN COLD WEATHER.
Hard Wlntera Make It IHRlcult for Them
to I I :1 Food.
Farmers are often annoj-ed through
out the south and west, especially in
Kentucky, by vast numliers of crows
collecting ou their farms as if by a ooni
mon instinct, and so great is this host
of birds that they have the audacity to
attack ami devour large hogs and sheep.
Even old ewes are killed, lieing too
weak to resist the attack. The ground
iM-ing covered with snow, the crows
have no chance to get their accustomed
f . m h I , and, driven desperate by starva
tion, immense flocks maylwai-n on the
ice 1. Hiking for fish or any scraps they
can pick up along the shore.
The crow greatly resembles the raven
in its habits, and delights to feed on
carrion or to pick out the eyes of dead
or dying animals. It often attacks vari
ous kinds of game, Inx-anse with the
help of great numliers it can kill the
larger creature. Frequently rabbits are
the prey of this bird, especially w hen
young, for then they can easily In
killed and carried olT to be devoured.
The crow also feeds on reptiles ami de
stroys many birds nests. Hut in severe
winters they have a hard time in seek
ing fotid.
Carlyle'a tieneroalty.
A friend of Leigh Hunt tells this
story of a time when both Thomas Car
lyle and Leigh Hunt were very poor,
but not so poor but that there was an
opportunity for each to show a gen
erous spirit.
One day a gentleman visiting Car
lyle noticed two golden sovereigns ex
posed in a little vase on the chimney
piece, and asked what they were for.
Carlyle looked for him embar
rassed, and gave no definite answer.
"Well, now, my dear fellow," said
the visitor, "neither you nor I are in
quite the position to waate sovereigns,
what are they for?"
Well, the fact is." said Carlyle;
"Leigh Hunt likes better to find them
there than that I should give them to
him." Good Words.
FOR STAMP COLLECTORS.
Mr. W anamakor Telia How to
Obtain Columbian Souvenirs.
Those Who Cannot Afford to Hoy the
Stamps of inciter lNnomlnatlon
May Obtain Them from
Itank OltlrUU.
"How can the stamp collecting girls
and boys of this country procure full sets
of the new Columbian postage stamps
for th:r albums?" repeated Postmaster
General Wanamaker, thoughtfully,
whe i a question on this point was put
tci hira the other day by a New York
lress reporter.
"Let ine see," said he. "Of course
they can always be procured at any
post office, liut obviously there are
few of our young collectors who can af
ford to buy them in that fashion, inas
much as an entire series would cost six
teen dollars and twenty -six cents. For
most of them the only practical method
will le to obtain the stamps already
cantrclctL That will lie easy enough as
far as the lower denominations are con
cerned, but n it so with the higher ile
nominati. ms."
"15ut ou what mail matter will those
high-cost stamjis ! used?" I asked.
The high-priced Columbus stamps,"
sajd the postmaster general, 'those
which represent no. two, three, four
and five dollars each, will lo largely in
demand by ltankers and brokers for
mailing Kinds and other securities to
Europe. Such valuables go in sealed
packages at regular foreign letter rates,
which are five cents a half ounce. At
that rate a very mHlcrate-sizcd bundle
will etist as much as five dollars for
postage across the ocean. In thL man
ner a large part of the stamps of big
denominations will ffo abroaL. Amer
ican TtNiys ami girls will not get thooe
for their albums. However, a great
many of these high oast stamps will
le used for mailing large packages at
letter rates from place to place in this
country. People often send big parcels
containing valuable things in that way
at two cents an ounce, scaled and regis
tered I tlare say you know that you
can transmit through the post anything
you like no matter how bulky and
heavy it is so long as you pay letter
rates on it, though you cannot forward
any package exceeding four pounds at
the ordinary charges for merchandise.
Young collectors must rely on getting
the caticU-d stamps from parcels for
warded in this manner at letter rates.
"That d.ies not solve the puzzle, I
know," Mr. Wanamaker con tinuetL "Of
course, big packages sent at two cents
an ounce, sealed and registered ln-cause
their contents are valuable, do not
reach every merchant or professional
man. The bankers are most likely to
get them, and 1 would recommend the
Kiys and girls who are nnxious to pro
cure the high-priced Columbus stamps
to make friends- with people at the
banks with the view to securing posses
sion of such covet.tl treasures. A g.Hnl
natured cashier or teller would In? very
apt to find an opportunity to detach a
few of the canceled stamps from bun
dles of securities once in awhile. It is
well worth trying, lieeause these curiosi
ties are likely to go up considerably in
value on account of the difficulty in ol
taining them. I suppose that dealers
in stamps will not sell them cheap."
VOLCANIC DUST.
A Ixiiloncr Who Collects and Pells the
Product of IturnliiB Mountains.
In all the large centers of the world
there are a few dealers who make a
business of collecting mineral. igieal
specimens and other material illustrat
ing natural history. A man in London
has recently lecn making something of
a fcpocialty of the collection of volcanic
lusts. He sent a trustworthy agent
awhile ago to the great Andes of the
equator, and now he is advertising dust
from a number of famous volcanoes.
He sells the material in littles at
about thirty-five cents a bottle. Each
sample contains one grain or more.
Among these collections is volcanic
dust from Cotopaxi which fell at Quito
ii June Cfi, 1877, after a journey
through the air of thirty-four miles
l'hcn he has dust from Cotopaxi which
was ejected to a height of forty thou
inul feet alnive the level of the sea in
lsso and fell on C'himborazo after a
journey of sixty-four miles. The finest
particles of this dust weigh less than
one twenty-five-thousandth part of a
grain. Then there is dust from
the terminal slope of Cotopaxi such
;is is daily ejecUsl by the volcano
at the height of nineteen thousand five
hundred foot alnive the sea. There are
many s.pH-iinens of lapelli from Ara
bato, mostly pumice. The town of Am
bato is built upon a deposit of this ma
terial. Fine volcanic dust lias been se
cured from Machachi, where it exists
as a continuous stratum ten inches
thick, the product of some unrecorded
eruption of great intensity. It consists
largely of feldspar and hornblend, and
Mr. Whimper says it is "almost as soft
to the touch as cotton wool." Fine
pumice dust from the same volcano
forms lcds many feet in thickness.
These volcanic dusts form many inter
esting and instructive objects of the
microNcoie. The same dealer has fine
and etiarse dusts from Mount JEtna and
the typical lavas from Cotopaxi and
l'himborui. He also sells pieces of
pumice from Krakatoa which were
.-a-shod ashore, thousands of miles
away, on the coast of Madagascar, and
volcanic dust from St. Lucia which loll
..n a ship olT Itarbad.ics.
French Frugality.
The French people are noted for their
frugality and their systematic saving of
money. It was from the remarkable
accumulations of the mass of the citi
zens chiefly that the French govern
ment derived the means to pay off the
enormous German war indemnity and
that the great sums squandered on the
Panama canal were taken. Although
the savings of the French are very
great, they do not compare in propor
tion to the population with those of the
people of Massachusetts. France has
enjoyed a condition of peace and pros
perity since the year 1S71, yet the sums
tlepositcd in the savings banks, munici
pal ami national in 1-sui. amounted to
only ?7J0,(HK),IKH). In Massachusetts, in
lstrj, the amount deposited in savings
banks was jJS,544,07o, while there waa
f 14.0i0.275 additional held by coopera
tive hanks. Tho popula ." Jtt of France
is lietwoen 30,000,1100 and 3."i.000,0t0,
while that of Massachusetts is only
j alHiut S.oViO.OOO, These figures present
a very striking contrast to the pnisper
i it v of the two eouulric.
81. SO and
THE MONROE DOCTRINE.
A Ieclaratlon Opposing- Foreign Inter
ference with Cisatlantic Aflalrs.
Briefly and broadly stated, the Mon
roe doctrine is our national policy of
opposing the interference of European
powers with the political affairs of es
tablished popular frovernments in the
American hemisphere. Its origin, as
related by the New York Times, was as
follows: In 1322, at a congress of Eu
ropean powers at Verona, Italy, there
was discussed a project for aiding Spain
to recover her sway over her revolted
American colonies. This aroused
strong indignation in the United States
and the sentiment: "America for the
Americans," became a popular cry. In
the fallowing j-ear ls-il President
Mon.ie, after careful consultation with
his secretary of state, John Quincy
Adams, and with Thomas Jefferson, in
corporated in his annual message the
following declarations: "That we
should consider any attempt on their
part to extend their system to any tior
tion of this hemisphere as dangerous to
our peace and safety;" and "that we
could not view any interposition for the
purpose of oppressing independent
American governments) or controlling
in any manner their destiny by any Eu
ropean power in any other light than
as a manifestation of an unfriendly dis
position toward the United States."
These declarations at once liccame
known as the Monroe d.ietrino. They
received popular approval at the time
and have always lieen advocated since
then. During the late civil war Iiuis
Napoleon, in contempt of the doctrine,
sought to establish Archduke Maximil
ian as titular emperor of Mexico. Owing
to the occupation of the national forces
at home the effort then met with only
a diplomatic prot-st, but in ordinary
times such a measure would rouse the
country to active opposition. In inter
national affairs of to-day the doctrine
has its appplieation in the way of de
terring European intrigues or armed
interference with independent Ameri
can governments.
PORTUGAL IN HARD STRAITS.
Obliged to Jlepudiate I'art of the Interest
on Iter lelt
The speech with which the king of
Portugal lately opened the cortcs at
LislMin is scarcely calculated to convey
any assurance as to the stability of the
present cabinet, or even of the throne,
says the New Y'ork Tribune. No na
tion can lie regarded as politically safe
which is unable to pay its way, and that
is the situation in which Portugal is
now placed. The king declared that,
notwithstanding the reduction of gov
ernment expenses and the savings ef
fected, the measures adopted had not
proved sufficient to place the economical
and financial life of the country tin a
firm basis. Portugal has been a con
stant iMirrower for well-nigh forty
years, ami considerably more than half
the national revenue is now required to
pay the interest on the debt. Mutters
have at length reached a crisis, and last
summer a tleeree was rssued temporarily
reducing the interest of the debt to one
third of the original amount. This was
a step wlncti partook ot the nature of
repudiation, an.l called forth strong
protests from several of the foreign
governments on In-half of those of their
subjects who had invested their money
in Portuguese state IhiiuIs. This, of
course, renders it useless for Portugal
to make any further attempt to borrow
money abroad. The consequence is
that the treasury is empty and trade
ami commerce are brought almost to a
standstill by the lamentable condition
of the national credit. Nor is it possi
ble to suggest any issue from the pres
ent difficulty except by a declaration of
national bankruptcy and complete re
pudiation of the debt, or else by the
sale to England of a portion of herA-ost-ly
and unproductive colonial possessions
in Africa and India.
INDIANS AT THE FAIR.
liathcrlng of Ked Men from Which Im
portant ilesulta Are IZxpcc-Led
The Sioux Indians of the Pine Ilidge
reservation have just adjourned a coun
cil at which steps were taken to ar
range for an immense Indiam encamp
ment at the world's fair. The plan
will no doubt be successful and the en
campment will continue from the be
ginning till the end of the fair.
The council was one of the most im
portant ever held among the Indians of
North America. The movement had
its origin among the Metis, or French
Indians of the far north, and has for
its ultimate purpose a union of action
and labor among not only the Sioux
and their related tribes, but of all the
Indians of the continent. It will be
proper to say in the beginning that
the hostile Indians of the coun
try have a far more wide-reaching
means of communication in America
than is generally suspected by the
whites. To the Indian the whites are
natural enemies, and every day is mak
ing the enmity not only more bitter,
but more dangerous. In a crude and
unformed way these Indians have de
ckled on a general, concerted move
ment of their race, which shall have
for its purpose the restoration of the
Indian to his first estate of freedom
and independence. That council will
be held. It will be held within the
present year. If held on the plains it
cannot but mean a general uprising of
Indians so wide that no military force
now at the disposal of the government
could for a moment stand before it. If
held as the leaders of the movement
now desire, it will be in or near Chi
cago, aud will lie a powerful agent in
establishing a lasting peace with the
red men.
Aa Ancient tiallic Oath.
The famous oath of the Gallic chief
tian has lieen discovered, according to
M. Arlmisde Tubainveillc, in an Irish
text of the second century of our era.
At the last sitting of the Academy of
Inscriptions and Holies letters the fol
lowing translation of the oath was
given by M. de Tubainveille: "The
heavens over us, the land below us, the
ocean around us, everything in a circle
aliout us. I f the heavens do not fall,
casting from their high fortresses the
stars like rain on the face of the turth.
If shocks from within do not shatter the
land itself, if the tieoan from its blue
solitude does not rise up over the brows
of all living things, I, by victory in war,
by combats and battles, will bring back
to the stable and fold the cattle, and
to the house and their dwellings the
women that have been stolen by tin
enemy."
rail
ii j ii i i l, ii i . v a
postage per year In advance.
NUMBER 18.
UK'S lU TLEIiS liUIFF.
How tho General Circumvented
an Adventuress.
A Nervy Oame That Was Iloldly flayed,
liut It I'aUad to Win Against the
Uraff Lawyer's Superior
Shrewdness.
'There is an unwritten chapter in the
history of the I.altimore convention of
lsiUI," said Gen. Coggswell to a Wash
ington Star man, "whieh I think it is
the proper time to relate, and which
shows I Sutler's wonderful nerve. After
the Charleston convention had seceded
and the convention was moved to Haiti
more Caleb dishing was designated as
its presiding officer. A female adven
turess thought here was a g.nnl chance
to make something out of the occasion,
and she came up, claiming to have cer
tain letters written by Cushing, which
she threatened to make public and give
to the republicans unless she was paid a
large amount for them. Cushing was
greatly worried at thought of the
charge and sent for Hutlcr to m-o if he
could suggest any way of getting rid of
the woman.
"1 Sutler agreed to take charge of the
matter and wont over to Hamurn's hv
tol, where he found in a magnificent
suite of apartments a very handsomely
dressed and In-autiful woman of the
world and jnissesMtl of abundant nerve.
ISutler informed her who he was, ami
that he wanted the letters. The woman
was very haughty and declined to have
anything to do with Mr. ISutler or any
one else except Mr. Cushing himself. She
said if Mr. Cushing wanted the letters
he could come over ai1 get them, but
hec.iuldn.it have them by proxy, and
then she want on to say that in view of
the importance of the letters and the
exigencies of the case she had no doubt
the republicans would pay her a large
sum for the letters, as they would In;
most effective campaign documents.
"'Just liooausc of the exigencies of
the political situation,' replied ISutler,
just lnHiause the letters that you claim
to have in your jxissession written by
Mr. Cushing are so important, and just
lieeause they would prove such ef
fective campaign literature, is the
reason why th-se letters must le sur
rendered to me, and why you will not
see Mr. Cushing. and neither he nor any
of his friotuls will pay a single dollar
for them.' She grew extremely indig
nant at such remarks from liutler. and
told him that the conversation might as
well cease there, and he could leave the
f h im.
"ISutler, however, was not to lie
bluffed off. He refused to leave, and
told her that she must surrender the
iocuments. She alisolutoly refused to
consider it a moment unless she was
paid a tremendous sum, and finally said
that if Mr. ISutler did not leave her
apartments she would have him re
moved by the people in the hotel. ISut
ler then saw that time for parleying
had gone by and that he must resort to
extreme measures.
Drawing liimself up to his full
height and looking her squarely in the
eyes, he said: 'Madame, do you know
whvre you are?'
She replied: 'Yes; I am in l'arnum's
hotel iu ISaltimore.'
" 'Exactly,' said ISutler, "in ISaltimore,
and d. you know that there are ten
thousand men who for a five dollar bill
would lie only too glad to put your
liody in a sack and throw it into the
Patapsco?'
"The woman wilted. She saw at
once that she had a man worthy of her
nerve to deal with an.l that if she was
not very careful she might find herself
in great peril, and she consented to
surrender the lettwrs to ISutler for the
payment of one hundred dollars and
her ticket to New Y'ork. Next morn
ing ISutler handed her one hundred dol
lars, a ticket to New Y'ork, and saw her
off on the train. The woman has
never been heard of from that day to
this."
K Voice from the Sea.
A message from the sea with a world
of pathos was brought in by the tide
on the Y'orkshire coast the other day.
It was written in pencil on a deal batten
an.l was in these words: "Whoever
picks this up shall know that Caller Ou
was run down by unknown steamer.
No more time. Sinking. May the Iird
comfort my mother." The handwriting
was identified as that of a lad who had
sailed in the Caller Ou as an apprentice
to the trade of the sea. Further inves
tigation brought to light the f;iots that
fourteen months ago the bark set sail
loaded with coal. She was driven back
by rough weather, and after a few days
resumed her voyage, but never reached
port. A bucket In-aring her name was
picked up on the coast of Holland near
ly .. year apo; but until this rude missive
came to hand nothing was known as to
her fate. The sea brought it to the
very oiast from which she sailed. All
hands must have perishtsl. with the lit
tle apprentice Iniy. What a picture!
The lniy scribbling his message, the
ship going down and the unknown
steamer disappearing. If the master of
the destroying craft knows what was
done he must feel the torments of the
murderer.
A Oood Heart.
There was a w ise man among the
Jews, says an old fable, who bade his
scholars tell him what was the liest
tiling for a man to have and keep. ne
said, a liK-ral and contented disposi
tion; another, a good companion and
friend; a third, a kind and good neigh
bor; and a fourth, the wisdom to fore
see the futuro and so shape the life as
to lie successful an.l happy. P.ut the
fifth said that a g.Mxl heart was better
than them all, for that, he added, ill
lie lnith contented, a gtnnl companion
and friend, a good neighbor, and will
enable one so to live on, in the K-st
sense, to bo successful and so truly
happy. The Juuilxi t.ame.
It will be rcmemlierod that when
Jumlxi was originally taken from the
London Zoological gardens he dis
played great unwillingness to leave his
companion, Alice. Tears figured in the
episode, and great compassion was ex
cited hy the evidence of the elephant's
affection. A Mr. Gaylord, who was
with llarnum when Jumlni was Imught,
says that it was all arranged; that
Scott, the keeper who came over with
Jumlni, maneuvered the elephant in a
way to give the desired eflWt of fool
ing. When it was time for him to leave
and his car was ready he got the tinier
to lie down, and down he went, and
the populace wept at the thought of the
elephant's unhappiness. When he was
told to come away lie caiuo.
-A. cl -v i-t i f i n z IlnteH.
The larreaod rrllai.la circulation el the "
Baia t'kBBiaaB eutoaientlf It to tha lav orabla
eon lila rati. m of aderttaer wboae lavon will ih
laoartod at tha lullcrwlnij low raiea :
1 ibtb. 'iniaa.... ...... I. Ml
1 lDrb, montho.
I lorli, moniba s.M
1 Incti.lyrar 6.UU
S lorliaa. fl Biontbi.... e uo
Inrbea, I year Io.ih)
S Inrtiea. month fc.0u
I Inrbea. I rear z.uu
eolnmn , montha.... ............... ...... 10 Ufa
ooluma. a moniba... ....... ...... ao ou
column. I year S.1.00
i column, 8 mootbt. au.wi
1 column, I year............. 76.UO
HailDMi Item, flrnt insertion. Hie. per boa
nbeaquent Inaartlona. 6c. per Una
AdtuiDlKlratur'a anj .tircutor't ot leca . . fi to
Auditor'! Notlcaa 1M
Stray and aim liar Notice! 00
AeKeaolaiiona or proeacdlna-a ol any eorprra
tlon or aociety and eomBiunlatl"na leflnd to
call attention to any matter ol limited or Indl
Tidual Interval mum t paid lor a advertirmema .
Hook and Job Prtnlln of all klndi neatly and
exealonaiy eiecated at the loweet rlcea. Aad
don'tyon lorget It.
PANAMA PIRACY.
Monstrous Kxtratagance of- I e Lsscp
and Ills Associates.
A correspondent of the Iloston P.ulle
tin writes from Panama that the half
has not lieen told of the condition of af
fairs there.
Alniut half a mile from the roadstead
at Colon is a point of artificial land on
which stands theruin&of houses erected
at a cost of one hundred thousand dol
lars for the temporary aoconi inflation
of De Lesseps and his son. The foun
dations for the houses ami most of t ho
point were made by dumping into the
mud machinery purchased for the canal
and covering the whole with earth and
sh1. De Lesseps is credited with hav
ing sjx-nt two weeks at his house.
On the tops of the hills may lie seen
the houses built for the engineers and
their servants, all elal orate, nil dis
mantled, all decaying. At Colon are
some forty or fifty tugs going to decay.
On the sidings and special tracks stand
lines of abandoned dump cars and Iik'o
motiv"s. The common rctHirt there is
that there are enough abandoned .lump
cars and locomotives to reach twice
across the isthmus (forty-five miles).
Vines grow over these rotting vehicles,
and the locomotive Innlers are so eaten
with rust that they may le broken
with an ordinary hammer.
Acres ami acres are covered with parts
of cars that have never lieen set up an.l
large sheds are filled with locomotives,
Inith cars and locomotives Wing of a
special gange and useless elsewhere.
The fields are full of abandoned ma
chinery and supplies and cars with
hoisting engines.
Considerable work has been done on
the canal in patches, but, as apparently
the cuts were n t even made n a level,
the soil is fast filling in. Dredges are
still standing, abandoned in the middle
of the canal. No blasting or difficult
work has apparently ln-en done w hat
ever. All along the route from Colon
are graveyards and hospitals, anil at
Panama lie a hundred tugloats rotting,
one on the stocks that had nevjr Ih-cii
launched.
The natives report that the life of the
French was one continued debauch, and
the thickly strewn champagne lndtles
gave some color to the story.
Current report has it that thirty
thousand dollars per month is still paid
out to guard this gigantic graveyard of
a great nation's enterprise dug by the
unworthy sons to whom she intrust
ed it.
OUR DEBT TO RUSSIA.
What the I'nlted states Owes to the
House of ltomanofr.
"That we are under tremendous oV
ligations to the house of Romanoff is
recognized by every American who
knows the history of his country,"
says the New York Sun. "Whatever
may have leen the motive which hsl
Catherine II. to join the so-called League
of Neutrals, the result of the act was
to complete the discouragement of the
ISritish ministers, to break the stnblwirn
will of George I II., and to compel the
acknowledgement of American inde
pendent. Whatever, again, may have
lieen the purpose controlling the mind of
Alexander I. when, bravingthe anger of
Napoleon, he refused to enforce the
llerlin decrees against the American
vessels thronging the ISaltic ports, there
is no doubt that he rescued from ruin
our commerce. We accepted redemp
tion at his hands: we profited by bis
protection, and it liehoovesusto remem
ber it.
"The services of the house of Roman
off to the American republic culminated
in the stand taken tin our 3chalf by
Alexander II. at a crisis when our na
tional existence was at stake, the
French enqx-ror having put forth all
his influence at Westminster to per
suade the ISritish government to join
him in intervening on the side of the
southern confederacy. TJien it was that
the czar, who freed the Russian serfs,
caused his ambassadors at Paris and
London to announce that, if France
and England tin.lert.Hik to assure the
destruction of the American union and
to perjietuate the regime of slavery in
the western hemisphere, they would
find Russia arrayed against them. Nor
was that friendly interposition of Alex
ander II. confined to worths. Simulta
neously with t-'no utterance of diplomat
ic warnings a Russian fleet was di
rected to proceed under sealed orders
to the harlior of New York, and a
Russian fleet was dispatched to the bay
of San Francisco. For us. for the
American republic, for the consolida
tion of our union, the czar made known
his willingness to fight, and there is
not the shadow of a doubt that his
willingness averted a catastrophe."
An Ancient Jtrltiah Village.
An interesting discovery was recently
made at Glastonbury, Somersetshire, t.f
the remains of an ancient lake village.
From sixty to seventy low mounds, ris
ing from tine to two feet alnive the sur
rounding soil, and from twouty to thirty
feet across were found on the level iiunir
which stretches to the ISritish channel.
A section of the mounds revealed mor
ticed oak iK'iims, resembling those of
the well-known palisailes of the cran
nogs of Scotland, and well-defined stra
ta of clay, charcoal and ashes. The
total thickness of these IkhIs was three
feet six inches, and within them were
detected three separate hearths, supor
imposcd one alnive the other. ISronze
objects, four fibula of the La Tone type,
an.l massive spiral finger rings were
discovered among the relics, with a few
objects of iron tH much corrtHlcd to
determine w hat they were intended for.
Numerous objects of Inine. an abun
dance of pottery, much broken, ami or
ganic remains, including Wans, wheat;'
rye, nutshells and a large numWr of
lns, presumably of domestic animals,
were also discovered. The remains have
lieen assigned to the "Late Celtic"
peritxl.
r A M.MMfulto Spoon.
A New Y'ork firm a few days ago,
says the Jeweler's Weekly, received an
order for a souvenir spHn to gratify the
whim of one of the natives of Now Jer
sey. The emblem required was a nrns
quito. Considerable trouble, it was
said, was experienced in finding a sat
isfactory model, the text Inniks on in
sectology furnishing, it seems, very
meager illustrations of the famous an.l
the greatly feared disturWr of man's
dreams. After a diligent search and
much inquiry it was discovered that an
adventurous apprentice of the company
had captured a fine specimen of the in
sect during the summer and had pre
served the conquered freelance impaled
upon a pin. ThoreujHin there was great
rejoicing in tlie factory and the Jersey
customer was made happy- -
I
I)