I1IL
inun
vf.sx...
VclvcrtiKinfT lintos.
Tns UrvckDd rel'.t.l. circulation ol the t:w-
I T
iir
Mit FaaBaaa (vjiruer.4l it to Ih. lavoraMe
run. liter. tu n of iitfeniKn a ho., uun will 1-e
fl i ufr A
inaerted at the following low ma :
1 lorn, s nn. .....V l.o
llDrh.S month. ...... !(.
1 1 d-h , 6 moulbi . ............. S.ku
linen i year... I wi
1 tnehea. S montha.... ...... ....... .. 6.IM
X inrnee. I year lfl.0
S Inches. 6 montbf ........ 8.00
a Inches. 1 year n.uu
1 eolnmn.e moulha ....... ... ....... 10.06
V column. moolbl au.tw
keolumo. 1 tw B.VO0
leotamo, 6 monUil. ................ ... so.tio
1 Mlnmn, I jur..,. Tk.uu
Hoalneai Item, Brut Insertion, Kic. per llD.
snbaequent Insertion., be.. per Hn.
Aunnniatrator'a and Executor's Notices.. f3 SO
Auditor' NoUom Z.M)
trav ami similar Notices V 0U
.y-kesolatiocs or proceeding: ot any eorpt ra
tion or society and eumnunlratioria delinid to
call attention to any matter of limited or indl
idnal Intereft mnct be paid lor at advertl'uienia.
Book and Job Printing of all klndi neatly and
exedlooiiy executed at the lowest prices. Aad
don'tyon target it.
(4
on
jt n
iTl'lls.
(.nine. V ru
J car.. - -4
,t:o couniy
ct'Mrue.l to
rum he le-
Q.-U1L ttlf'r
if I DOI e
.a tr. e who
stood trots
tit
Mil Wl
ild
t or.
IS t
1
JAS. C. HASSON, Editor and Proprietor.
"BE IS A FREEMAN WHOM THE TRUTH MAKES FREE AND ALL ABB SLAVES BESIDE. '
81. CO and postage per year In advance.
stop It
VOLUME XXVII.
EBENSBURG, PA., FRIDAY. JANUARY (J, 1893.
NUMBER 1.
t)-n vt.
t -i
-on.
III 'a'ilhri'
MM
f: 1 It- ! I jitl" I 111 If I II 1 'III 9 til
I
I
II 111 V 111 I I I III A
W CAMBRIA
lie
;igosi sole
.l."o. .
SUITS.
11
ami
t
ire f :'l 1 ' a!; .V.
V.'f w.; it t.
Vad i r. i..
" BUILT
t
- . .
r is B
-ngo'l. cumf-Vf Jc-aut:jul, Good tnese
- ;-'.'eaixj much, l.ut to see "The Rochester"
'1 '.essithe truth more forcibly. All metal.
ii
AND
r i
SJILD-HEAI
A
FT EKS
K TEOKT.ilH.K
-ly Cll ANXK-i
)U. O'llikrnl
wya. rtrantth.
th. HdotKuot
.. r jreJurr con-
;) an ' rut
' TIIK
' l.m r an. I
the -i i.
ttid it
.a v.lUJtijU. t.mo
, mit ail owi'i
til."
. Ind., any.: " I
tmrn in r
i-n . t.MiKi
VH. Iji .
jd m. m
r cittinvra It tfi
v Ala . (wm: " I
with l.ein
.rfwl. mn. I
L I ,
IN
a.
'
. i
: :.p:
. A.
i fc r
I nnnnl r-'A line.
TLMWav. um.
Lrlf
f
and Chiidren
COUNTY !
S, ALTOONA. PA.f
for
your
Clothing,
the least
ion
ami best prootls
for
. . .sSii.m.
.es.511. .
. . R.UI. .
. . 2..m. .
...to..
..to..
...to..
. ir.m.
. . S.I HI.
. . 5.110.
mil ChiMren's OVERCOATS at equally low
FIRST CHOICE of these Greatest
f
':. khifr. Il.iltrr ami Furnisher. It IS Eleventh Ue.. .UT00.VI PA-
vv'AMT A WAGON?"
via
I Ii.:'i crriilv: Ii"ht.
iil'uliy 1iii':slioil a iinii.li.'rriic;J
t n In .in .r by nu'ii .f lif.
nr Tiiicv; rr-inpt sliipinnt 'iir
kru.w j i m. Write us. 0sts y u
busiivss bv an.l bv. S'iU f. r cur
rr
e-.ty r.-iklc-r nf fiis paper, liint;
n'.nu!iaiiit n, N. Y.
ell
FOR BUShNESS.
elieving"."
be s'nple; when it is not simple it is
1 seamless, and made in three pieces onlf.fes
: ! vAvjr X7and unbreakable. Like Aladdin's
:,is lmleed a "wonderful lamp," for its mar
- v.? ht is purer and brighter than cas lisrht.
--r u electric liht and more cheerful than either.
' r. .-thisatHmp Thr Rochester. If the limp dealer has n't the e-ennlne
K - :u taatlthcr rtvle you want. truti to u fur our new illustmtcti catnlc-Mjue.
1 ill a ul von a lamp safrlv bv express your choice ot over tt.OUO
; a. ili ora tt Latgat Lamp Store i the it utld.
I llB vrtli LAMP CO., 44 Park Place, New York. City.
F, "The Rochester."
The "Lh "S
LD in
lr IRlhH I
HAY- FEVER
i .';', j'. .4 a i!'iid, xnvjT or 'p-irtler. Applied into Vie iwittnl it U
'.'.j,,,!. Jt.chitnms the head, alum mmimmntum. heal
50c
(' i 'T i )L1 h'l lmnnil i'T Kent " mail ml rereift of priff..
ELY ETHEBS. 56 Warren Strcat NEV YORK.
1300
BUSHELS
OF
POTATOES
0. W. r.KAMiti.E, Fair Leo, Knt Co,
Mil., fu h :
'ith!l0 iMiiiml': of Pnwrll'a Creeit
Itwe Krrtlllxrr (or INttatora, Oil Ij
ncrax of mini, he ntlMil l.:HH liDKhels
KiiiiMith, crHMi Kfxi-d iHiliitoos. When
ciiitnti!y o' k'lrlili.i r nntl quality ol
1. 'iml Ih -iisIi1it iI, this in Inivoxt crop
of MitntoH evi-r ruiKiHl In the worhl.
Why not ra.K'? hi!? rrops of potatouKl
'i nin tell yoi- cm to lo It, nnl how
to i:" i'i'I l-t--'. Hot mul Itilclit.
Kei.r' ; tvoen. rtumpa for (look:
of l& HKea,
W. S. Powell fc Co..
Chctiica! Fertilizer Manufacturers,
liiiltimore. MJ.
Pollelea written at nort nelee In trie
OLD RELIABLE ''ETNA"
.mI wirier Flrut '! I'enpanlra.
T. W. DICK,
ur.KT FOR TIIF.
OLD HARTFORD
nRBINMANGBGOinr.
lOJUIESDEl) Bl'SlNESM
1704.
Khenannra;..laiy l. 1883.
Mountain House
STtP, SHNIiiu PARLOR!
CENTRE STREET, EBEHSBURO.
riMllS 11 known ami limit eMahllaherl Sharing;
I I'arlor la now lorate n t'entra atreet, oi
ti.Kli tn. livery lo ol I CM arm. In via It l.atli
.r. where the IminirM will e rnixli-il nn In the
lntiirr. SHAVIM). HAIR t UTIIN AMI
MIAMI'' MIIMI ili.ne in the i.ratmt and moat
nrtl.tie mninii-r. ('lean Towrla a aperlalty.
a .ljicioa waHeit on at their residence.
JA.Mt3H.lMNT.
Frojirietor
fT W. DICK.
JLe ATTOKNKY-AT-I.AW,
W Kbhhuk. I'buk'A'
-special attention to Riven elalma fr Hen
lon lionnly, etc. M
THE SANDY HOOK. LOOKOUT.
A Telogrraphio Watch for Arrivals
from Abroad.
How Your Friend Know When You Are
Ciimina; Home from Foreign
I'arta An Olil-Tlme
Servitor.
A man who has watchotl with a prroat
of inUrtst the cominjr of immi
grants from Camp Low, the stretch of
s.iiul U) the west end of Santlv Hook,
is William le la Motte, the marine ol
server for the Western Union Tele
graph Company down there. The Imild
inir in wliieh le la Motte works is fiftj
feet liifTh and is of woxl. Iron eahles
or K"y rip-s prevent the wind from
hlowinjr it over when it blows hard
avross the saudy nitxtrs. All the pilots
who lrinj vessels into New York know
De la Motte. They s(ieak of hint as the
count. It is supposed that he ln-longed
to some noble family abroad, but he
himself will never confirm thisVupposi
tion. He has been an observer for the
Western Union company for nearly a
quarter of a centnrj-, says the New
York News, lie was formerly in the
employ of the Knj-'lish povernment. lie
lias ln-en stationed at Sandy Hook for a
di .eti years or so.
This is the most important sipnal or
si-litin;; olliee on the American coast.
All vessels bound for New York from
abroad have to pass Sandy Hook to put
into the bay. None of them pets with
in a mile of the lookout station lie fore
it has leen identified and its arrival
telepraphed to this city. Everything
that enters the bay is reported. The bip
o.-ean prey hounds are spottel somelhinp
like half a tlozen miles out to sea. As
soon as the name of the steamer i''.
learned it is Hashed over the telepraph
wires to New York. Those who have
made an oeean voyape or have friends
who have may recall that either they
r their frieutls have paid the Western
Union Telepraph Company one dollar
to have the steamer on which they were
returninp home reported as soon as
siphtcd. Few of them have ever stopjH-d
i tliitik how that information is ol
tained, however. If they h:il made
irHuiry they would have been t ld that
ihe marine at Sandy lliHk hail spie l
t lie vessel headinp for the entrance to
cur harlmr. Durinp the daytime thit
tdiserver is Count le la Motte.
From seven in the niominp till seven
at nipht the count sits in the little
room in the very top of the tail tower
down on the extreme point of the Ibxik
alone with his telepraph instrument
and his bip telescope. Around him. vi
far as the c e can see, is the ocean. The
count is constantly pazinp out itjxm
this endless expanse throuph his bip
telesi'ojK'. It is a lK)vcrfisl instrtin-.eiit
and will spy a vessel the moineut it
shows its r.pars nlxwe the horizon. Hy
the time it pets its smokestack in sipht
the count has made out its name. He
d h's not distinguish the name from any
lctt.-rs that mipht 1h painted on the
vessel's Imiw. He makes the name out
from the ship's pencral appearance.
This is the count's specialty, and he is
an adept at it.
From morninp until nipht the count
keeps his eye, the ripht one, plued to
the bip, lonp telescope. He sweeps the
horizon slowly with the plass. Not a
sj)ot on that portion of the ocean of
which he commands a view escapes his
observation. As soon as he makes out
the name of a vessel approaehinp he
quits his cyepkiss lonp enouph to tele
praph the fact to the ship news otlice
down at the battery and the man in
charpe of the marine department of the
Western Union Telepraph Company.
The latter then sends out his messape
unnotincinp the siphlinp ff the stamer
i. IT Sandy Hook. The health officer at
quarantine is also notified.
At seven o'clock De la Motte is re
lieved by the nipht overseer, who also
keeps up a similar performance all
nipht. No matter how dark or how
thick the nipht is, this man is on the
lookout for incoming vessels. He dis
tinguishes them by individual sipnal
lamps which they carry. bnp before
these signals art; visible to the naked
eye the nipht overseer discovers them
with his powerful plass.
I )e la Motte lives in a neat little cot
tape near the tower. It is rarely that
he leaves the sandy shores of the Hook.
His food is sent down to him from the
city, anil his visitors are ix-cas'unal
newspaper men from this city. He is
in constant touch with the world
throuph the telepraph, yet as far away
from it as on a desert island.
rtyrlna; HurRlara.
Iturglars broke one nipht into the
workshop of a dyer in Koslin, and had
got topether a pretty large sized pack
age of valuable dye-stuffs when the
dyer, awakened by the noise, apjeared
on the scene, armed with a double
shooter. As he entered the door he
espied two men skurrying off to the
otlier end of the dye-house. At the
summons "Stand, or I fire!" they both
jumped into a Tat which they thoupht
empty, but which was filled with some
color liquiiL Standinp in the bine
bath, they both cried for mercy. The
dyer, however, took aim. and they
duclccd under, but soon came up again
and earnestly entreated pardon. But
the relentless dyer gave them the bene
fit of a few extra dips, ami then turned
them out into the street without giving
notice to the police. The atory got
wind in Koslin, and everybody knows
the indigo-dyed scoundrels. They are
likely to remain men of mark for some
time to come. Vermischtes.
A Styllb. Cnrpae.
"She was the most stylish corpse,"
we heard a wom:n remark the other
day in speaking of a leader of fashion
lately deceased and, prompted by cu
riosity, we inquired what went to make
up a "stylLsh corpse,"
"Oh!" replied the gusher, with no
hesitation, "she wore a black velvet
gown with point lace trimmings, and
her eyebrows penciled and checks and
lips rouged, lesides having her hair
done in the most delightful fashion
possible. Positively, to le such a
lieatitiful corpse was worth dying for."
To our prosaic mind the solemnity of
death seemed to have been robbed of
all its grandeur and force by the arti
ficial trappings and adornments of the
complexion specialist; yet in this age
of fads the time is not far off when just
such caprices may be expected, for if
fashion seta the pace there will be, be
sides other modish follies, fads in
funerals that will probably be even
more ridiculous than the others. Phila
delphia Times.
GAMBLING CLUBS IN BELGIUM.
In Reliance of Law High Tlay I Carried
Ou to an 1' u limited Kxtent.
In ISTt .the Belgian authorities
definitely and officially closed the offi
cially licensed public gambling estab
lishment at Spa and Ostend, following,
in this respect, the example of the Ger
man government, which hail a few
months previously abolished the public
tables at 15aden Baden, Wiesbaden,
Hamburg and Aix-la-Chapelle. Before
long, however, a numU-r of clubs,
falsely described as "private," sprang
up at t)stend. Spa, BIaukedlergee, Na
mur, Dinant and other places, where
gambling was carried on just the same
as before, with this difference, how
ever, that whereas the public gambling
tables had been subjected to the most
stringent government inspection, the
private cluls were not. These clubs,
according to a correspondent of the
New York Tribune, are open to any
Ixnly and every body. Thus, for in
stance, at Ostend there are at least a
dozen in the town tiesides the one
which i s located at the Casino. The
clulw in town have nothing sly or secret
alx.ut them. One is in the marketplace
with an open door and a big brass plate
at the side of it informing all that a so
cial reunion is held every nipht within.
Anybody who likes can enter. A sec
retary or clerk at the door makes a
pretense of inscribing whatever name
one may choose to give him on a regis
ter, and the visitor liecomes forthwith a
memlier of the club for the space of
twelve months without any kind of in
troduction, fee or formality being re
quired. Another club of the same kind
has ln-en inscribed on the front of the
house which it occupies in large gilt
words: "The Cerele tJudule." At the
latter the game is invariably ecarte.
The players sit at the middle of a long
table facing each other. At one end of
the table is seated one of the oilicialsof
the club, who keeps the lxvk with the
list of names of mcmlwrs desiring to
play. Directly a game is over he calls
the names from the list, and the lieaten
player who wishes to retire is replaced
by another; or, in the case of Wnque
ouverte, the losing pla3-cr is instantly
changed at the end of each game. By
the side of the two players, between
them and the official alxive mentioned,
sit two others of the club officials whose
duty it is to enter all Ix-ts, to receive
and pay the money in notes, gold and
five-franc pieces, to shuffle the cards, to
hold the pack not in use and generally
to see fair play. Large c-owds usually
stand Ix-hind each player's chair bet
ting on the play.
UNITED STATES VOLCANOES.
Alaska anil the Aleutian Inland the Vol
eanie lieajion of the H'urlil.
lrof. George Davidson, of the coast
and geodetic survey, who was one of
the pioneer explorers of Alaska, takes
a deep interest in the recent reports of
volcanic disturlKinces in the far north.
When seen by a San Francisco Chron
icle man he said:
"There is really nothing remarkable
alxuit the volcanic disturbances in
Alaska, although the event is of inter
est. The whole coast of Alaska out to
the east of the Aleutian islands is the
volcanic and glacial region of the
world. It is quite to le expected al
m st every week that some of the nu
merous volcanoes along that rugged
coast will break forth, till the air with
cinders, ashes and smoke and cover the
glaciers with nasty black sand and sxt.
Chignik baj, from which this last erup-"
tion was seen, is in latitude 50 degrees
1J minutes U0 seconds north and longi
tude 153 degrees 24 minutes 'J5 seconds
west of Greenwich, on the southeast
coast of the peninsula of Alaska, oppo
site the Scmidi islands and about
miles from the end of the peninsula.
The observer could not have seen Black
peak as reported, for it is only 24
miles west-northwest from his psition.
He saw Mount l'avlof, on the west side
of I'avlof bay, distant alxut 14S miles
south, 42 degrees west from Chignik
bay. The man who was at Wesnes
senski island, lying off: I'avlof bay, saw
I'avlof volcano, distant from him 29
miles north, OS degrees west.
"I'avlof is one of the fifty volcanoes
of the peninsula of Alaska and the
Aleutian islands, of which twenty-five
are in a state of activity, shown by
smoking. Just west of I'avlof, about
111 miles lies a cluster of peaks call etl
Aphileen pinnacles, which are all
marked by craters. I'avlof is in lati
tude 53 degrees 27 minutes north, longi
tude 101 degrees 47 minutes west, and
it has two craters. In 1704 and 17 sr.,
according to Russian authorities, I'avlof
was active, in l:? it was smoking and
it was lsV7 I saw it smoking myself.
I'avlof is visible from all of the Shuma
pin islands of which Mega-s is the
largest. The view is particularly gotxl
from Sand llarlxr, tin Megas island. I
shall not le surprised to learn of more
eruptions in that locality at any time,
for, as I said K-fore, it is the volcanic
region of the whole worhL"
A Weel that I lata Flab-.
Commander Alfred Carpenter, writing
from Suakiii. Bed sea country, contrib
ii res the following remarkable instance
of a plant preying upon one of the ver
tcbrata. The instance noted was ob
served by him when surveying the I'ar
aet l islands in the south China sea: "As
I neured a jxxd cut off by the tide from
the sea. I noticed among other subma
rine plants a very ordinary-looking
llesh-colorcd weed. Bending to inspect
it closer, I noticed numbers of small
fish lying helpless in its fronds appar
ently with little or no life in them.
Putting my hand down to pick one of
them up I found my fingers caught by
suckers on the weed, the fronds of which
had closed tightly upon them. The fish
had ln'cn caught in every conceivable
way by the head, the tail, sides, etc
and w ine of them had leen held until
the skin was completely macerated.
Those of the fish that were still living
had evidently 1een caught at different
times they appearing in all stages of
exhaustion. I regret tn-ing unable to
name either the plant or the lish, but
that the lx.tanie cannibal really preyed
upon the finny denizens of the deep
there isn't the least doubt."
tie Ilail.
1 don't see how you ever let such a
mistake as 'the editor lies like a pirate'
for 'the editor tiegs leave to explain
get into print," said the advertising
clerk. "You must have lost your head
entirely."
"Yes" mournfully assented the
proof reader, writing out a little "Situa
tion Wanted" advertisement and hand
ing it over the counter. "I have."
Chicago Tribune. '
NEGRO SCNGS DYING OUT.
Education Among- the Colored Race Re
aolta la Neclert of Mlnat relay.
The younger negroes, born in free
dom, have a loathing for everything
that pertains to slavery. They regard
the old slaves with contempt, and be
cause the younger ones can read and
write they set the older ones down as
being too ignorant to be considered,
forgetting that they were once efficient
workers and averaged superior in mor
als and manners to their descendants
One of the results of this is the dying
out of the rich, melodious negro songs
not the songs of the "negro minstrel"
type, which were totally unlike the real
article. This the Boston Transcript re
gards as a very great pity, as these
songs were wild and charming beyond
comparison.
In slavery times the negroes were en
couraged to sing. The wheat was
reaped to the singing of the reapers and
the best singer generally headed the
row. The ores who could pick the ban
jo or scrape the fiddle were peculiarly
privileged. Here is a strange piece of
folk lore: For many year-., even long
liefore the war, the fiddle playing and
banjo playing had been dying out
among the negroes, owing to a super
stition that "de devil is a fiddler." The
very old people have noticed this. The
master of the mansion says: "In my
father's time, ami when I was a lxy,
there were very few regular .musicians
and at parties unless it was a grand
affair, a lady played the piano, accom
panied by a gentleman on the violin,
and monstrous jigs and reels they
play etl, too. But when it got too much
like work almost anytxxly's carriage
driver could le sent for out of the
kitchen who could fiddle enough to
dance the Virginia reel by. But when
I grew up negro fiddlers were scarce
among the plantation hands except the
professionals who were free negroes.
They have ln-en growing scarcer owing
to this superstition aim tit old Pluto
"Among the city negroes the piano is
the favorite instrument, as it is so much
easier to a -quire a certain proficiency
on it than on the violin. In the coun
try, though, it is generally thought un
becoming, at least for a 'church mem
ber,' to play the violin, if not actually
an audacious communication with Sa
tan himself. But it involves neither
deadly sin nor any spiritual risk what
ever to play the accordion or the 'lap
organ. as they call it. The cor"jon,
consequently, is a very popular instru
ment." ACCIDENTS BY KAIL.
A Iju-f;e I'ereentace Traeed to Xegll
Kenee, and Mistake. Iy Fmployea.
An ofiicial publication has just leen
issued by the Ixiard of .trade of England
giving a list of the ur.m!er of accidents
to the S4.".(MKi,(Hh passengers carried by
railways in that country during
The lives lost from causes lieyond the
control of the travelers numlier 5. the
lowest figure in any year on record.
The classified list of accidents shows that
engines or cars meeting with obstruc
tions or derailments from defects in the
permanent way are slowly diminishing.
In 1SS1 there were 24 such cases iu
1M) there were 5, and in 1S01 6. The
greatest numlx-r of accidents amount
ing to 25. come under the head of colli
sions within fixed signals at stations or
sidings- With regard to derailments
two of the accidents were due to the
points of the switches not Wing altered
after the passage of previous trains, one
was caused by the failure of the cast
iron girder, tne was due to carelessness
on the part of the engineer of a relief
train, and one was due to unknown
causes.
Inadequate braking power was re
sponsible for 12 accidents and fogs and
storms for the same numln-r also. In
eight instances fault is found with a de
fective system of train dispatching,
want of telegraph communication, or
lack of a block system.
Iurely mechanical causes, apart from
human error, scarcely appear ut all,
an J it would thus seem, says the Engi
neer of London, in commenting on
these returns, to tie within human
power to work railways without any
accident whatever. While few railway
officials will proliably subscribe to this
conclusion, the figures produced by the
board of trade certainly show that
abroad, as well as in the United States
too many accidents can le traced to
negligence, want of care, or mistakes
on the part of officers or servants
THE STORY OF THE REVOLVER.
Though the Weapon Was In the Sea the
f'rluie Went Not Cnavenged of Men.
I was walking along the dock that
afternoon, when I ran into a tramp
who was fumbling over a heap of rub
bish in an ash barrel.
He fished out an old revolver; barely
had his hand touched the weapon than
he threw the pistol to the ground.
Turning to me, he said:
"1 would like to take that iron with
me."
"Well, there it is"
"No, not for worlds"
"You are crazy.
'I am not. How do I know what
may have been done with that re
volver? Might it not have been used in
some killing scrape? You know, it's a
superstition among thieves and mur
derers to throw iway their shooting
irons. It is considered bad luck to
hold 'era."
'Why so?"
"Oil, there's no telling. Now this re
volver," he said, '"might have taken a
man's life for all I know. There are
rust stains on the handle. See for your
self." I looked closely. There were dull
stains there. These might possibly
have been caused by human blood. But
onl v the microscope could determine
that definitely now.
"Maybe the man who fell before this
rrun was robbed for his money; maybe
he had a home and family; maybe it
was some atrocious midnight surprise.
As the tramp said this he looked in
tentlv at the engine of death in a re
flective fashion. Then, with a sudden
movement, he threw it far out in the
tide,
I thought no more of the incident.
Four months later my business took
me to a small town in Connecticut.
"You are just in time," said a friend;
"there's to lie lots of 6xrt here to-day.'
"I low so?" I asked, inquisitively.
"Well, we're to have a hanging bee.
We're going to make a man swing for
a bloody crime. Here is his picture in
the paper."
I looked and started with surprise.
It was the face of my tramp friend.
THE MODERN OPTIC.
Effects
of Civilization Upon
Human Eye.
the
Great Dangers to Man's Kyealffht Itrooght
About by Living la Large Towne ln
ereaaed ltenianda I pon the
Vlaual rower. .
The last one hundred years have in
creased the need and capacity for work
upon small objects near at hand. One
of the questions occurring to the mind
is do these different and increased tie
mantis bring increased facility and ca
pacity to the human eye? Eyes are now
used in ways never imagined by our re
mote ancestors possibly never dreamed
of in the oriental countries Whatever
there may have loen in the way of
sculpture among the Greeks demanding
artistic and accurate vision, there was
no typesetting, no electric telegraphy,
no stenography and no typewriter. The
eye of the patriarch Job was consti
tuted at birth and went through life to
old age very much such an optical in
strument as that of the English squire
who devotes himself to an outdoor life
in the eighteenth or nineteeth century;
but Job hal no printed lxxks to lie
guile the tedium and pain of his scat in
the sand and ashes. The examination
of the mummies in the Egyptian mauso
leum shows that there has lx-cn no
change in the anatomical conformation
of the human ear in four thousand
years and there is no evidence that
there h:is lx-en any in that of the hu
man eye: but the difficulty of preserv
ing the eye for examination centuries
after it has ceased to see prevents us
from proving this. A writer in the Crs
mopolitan thinks it is safe to say that
it has not changed in any essential of
anatomical form during the time of the
human race upon the earth. But the
demands upon it and its occupations
are much mort; exacting and very dif
ferent from those that obtained among
the classic Greeks and Romans or the
patriarchal Arabians
The tendency of the people of our civ
ilization to live in large towns in the
baxl air and with the alsenee of light
incidental to such life, may have
brought the human eye into many more
dangers than those that come to it in a
rural occupation. Yet accidents to the
human eye in rural life are not at all
rare. It may lie that civilization gen
erally attains the loftiest plane in large
cities where intellectual activity is
most intense. With this come increas
ing demands upon the visual power,
and often under improper conditions.
But if the nineteenth century civiliza
tion of great towns has brought great
dangers to the sight, it has also
achieved great triumphs in the matter
of examining the eye, so that we may
etennine and increase its power for
work and find out and cure its diseases.
It is perfectly possible, by means of the
instruments of the nineteenth century,
to exactly learn the optical condition of
an eye, to decide just what glasses if
any. are needed for its perfect working;
and it is also possible to hxk in upon it,
and by the appearance of it tissues and
its bhxid vessels to decide -. js to the ex
istence of serious disease, when there
are few other symptoms that point to it.
when there may lie none besides to tie
found in the body that positively prove
it.
There are two clases of disease, one
constitutional and the other local, which
illustrate this latter statement; the C3 C
mirror opthaliiusscope is the instru
ment by which such things are settled.
Bright's disease, a name carrying dread
to many a household, is tr.e constitu
tional disease I referred to. In not a few
cases the diagnosis of it is made by the
examination of the retina with the eye
mirror. The expert will make no mis
take if the eye gives evidence of it, for
its signs are positive, in minute bleed
ings from the blixxl vessels and peculiar
fan-eolored spots on the retina. The
surgeon i treat is to nni tiietn, oecuuse
they arc evidence of an advanced stage
of the malady which prematurely de
stroys so many lives. Bright's disease
is in fact,a tit-generation of many of the
tissues of the Ixxly, the walls of the
arteries lx-ing among them. In no part
of the body ean this degeneration Ik" so
readily detected as in the retina of the
eye.
A Congressional Coana
The four-year-old and seven-year-old
sons of a western congressman were
playing with a set of numeral blocks
ami their mother was watching their
innocent sport.
"Oh, mamma!" exclaimed the
younger one, "I can count; listen;" and
he rattled off: "One, two, three, four,
five, six. seven, eight, nine, ten, jack,
queen, king."
The mother was inexpressibly
shocked, but before she had time to
say anything the older boy put in:
"Why, Harry," he 6aid, "that's
wrong."
"Very wrong; very wrong," sighed
the mother.
"Cert," went on the older boy. "This
is the right way," and as the mother
waited for the correction by her older
child he dashed into this: "Duece, tray,
four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,
jack, queen, king, ace."
That night the mother had a confer
ence with the congressman. Detroit
Free Press.
Ireland's M Ilk-White Lake.
1 1 err Thoroddsen announces that he
has found "a very long lake," stretch
ing from the margin of the mighty
glacier which forms the western side of
the Vatna-JokulL, in Iceland. It is
milk-white, from the glacier water of
which it is composed, ami has been
named the Langisjor. The scenery
around it is described as very beautiful,
though the discoverer adds that "veg
etation is quite absent." On the other
side of the chain which terminates the
lake in the south there is an extensive
plateau, on which was seen the glitter
of a large watercourse, proliably the
Skapta, and far to the south some great
lava stream, dating, probably, from the
1783 eruption.
Tnrklah 1'roverba.
Don't take a wife during the holiday
season and don't buy a horse in bad
weather.
Two knives cannot find rxr in one
sheath nor two loves in one heart.
When you are buying a horse don't
consult a pedestrian, and when vou are
courting a woman don't ask advice of a
bachelor.
Wounds caused by a sword can lie
healed, but wounds caused by a tongue
cannot.
FALLIBILITY OF JUDGES.
The Men or the Iteoch Are Only Ordinary
Mortal. After All.
Let me say here that I hold judges
and especially the supreme court of the
country, in much respect, but I am too
familiar with the history of judicial
proeeedinps to regard them with any
superstitious reverence, sa3-s Charles
Sumner, quoted in an exchange. Judges
are but men and in all ages have shown
a full share of frailty.
Alas! alas! the worst crimes of history
have been committed under their sanc
tion. The blood of martyrs and of
patriots crying from the ground, sum
mons them to judgment.
It was a judicial tribunal which con
demned Socrates to drink the fatal
hemlx-k and which pushed the Saviour
barefoot over the pavements of Jerusa
lem, K-nding Ix-neath His cross It was
a judicial tribunal which, against the
testimony and entreaties of her father,
surrendered the fair Virginia as a slave;
which arrested the teachings of the
great apostle to the Gentiles and sent
hiniin binds from Jerusalem to Rome;
which, in the name of the old religion,
adjudged the saints and fathers of the
Christian church to death, in all its
most dreadful forms and which after
ward, in the name of the new religion,
enforced the tortures of the inquisition,
amid the shrieks and agonies of its vic
tims while it compelled Gallileo to de
clare in solemn denial of the great
truth that he had disclosed that the
earth did not move around the son.
It was a judicial tribunal which, in
France, during the reign of her mon
archs lent itself to be the instrument of
every tyranny, as during the brief reign
of terror it did not hesitate to stand
forth the unpitying accessory of the
unpit3"ng guillotine.
Aye, sir, it was a judicial tribunal in
England, surrounded by all the forms
of lai, which sanctioned every despotic
caprice of Henry VIII., from the unjust
dicorce of his queen to the beheading of
Sir Thomas Moore; which lighted the
fires of persecution, that glowed at Ox
ford and Smithfield, over the cinders of
Latimer, Ridley and John Rodgers;
which after elabjratc argument upheld
the fatal tyranny of ship money against
the patriotic resistance of Hampden;
which, in defiance of justice and hu
manit3", sent .""-dncy and Russell to the
block; which i?ersistently enforced the
laws of conformity that our Iuritan
fathers persistently refused to obey,
and which afterward, with Jeffries on
the bench, crimsoned the pages of Eng
lish history with massacre and murder,
even with the blood of innocent women.
Aye, sir, it was a judicial tribunal in
our country, surrounded by all the
forms of law, which hung witches at
Salem, which affirmed the constitution
ality of the stamp act, while it admon
ished jurors ami the people to oliey,
and which now in our day has lent its
sanction to the unutterable atrocity of
the fugitive slave law.
SAHARA THE VAST.
The Oreater l'art of It Almost F.ntlrely
Itectitute of Any Kind of Life.
The Sahara begins on the shores of
the Atlantic ocean, between the Ca
naries and Cape Verd. and traverses the
whole of north Africa, Arabia and
Persia, as far as central Asia. The
Mediterranean portion of it may 1x2 said
roughly to extend between the fifteenth
and thirtieth degree of north latitude.
This was properly supposed to have
lieen a vast inland sea, but the New
York Iedger says this theory was sup
ported by geographical facts wrongly
interpreted. It has been abundantly
proved by the researches of travelers
and geologists that such a sea was
neither the cause nor the origin of the
Libyan desert. Rainlesst and sterile
regions of this nature are not peculiar
to north Africa, but occur in two licltr.
which go round the world in cither
hemisphere, at aliout similar distances
north and south of the equator. These
correspond in locality to the great in
land drainage areas from which no
water can lie discharged into the ocean
and which occupy about one-fifth of the
total land surface of the globe. The
African Sahara is "by no means a uni
form plain, but forms several distinct
basins containing a considerable extent
of what may almost le called mountain
land. The Hoggar mountains, in the
center of the Sahara, are seven thou
sand feet high, and are covered during
three months with snow. The ph3'sical
character of the region is very varied.
In some places such asTiout and other
oases in or liordering on Morocco,
there are well-watered valleys with
fine scenery and almost European vege
tation, where the fruits of the north
flourish side by side with the palmtree.
In others there are rivers like the Uied
Guir, an affluent of the Niger, which the
French soldiers who saw it in 1870, com
pared to the Iire. Again, as in the
lied tif the Tried Rir, there is a subter
ranean river which gives a sufficient
supply of water to make a chain of
rich and well-peopled oases equal in
fertility to some of the finest portions
of Algeria. The greater part of Sahara,
however, is hard and undulating, cut
up by dry water courses and almost en
tirely without animal or vegetable life,
A Soelalile Colonel.
When Gen." Charles II. Van Wyck, of
Nebraska, was running for congress
many years ago, in the Fifteenth New
York district, says the Chicago Herald,
there was a certain Irishman who stead
fastly ref used to give the old soldier any
encouragement. The colonel was great
ly surprL'Atl, therefore, when Pat in
formed him, m election day, that he
had concluded to support him. "Glad
to hear it, glad to hear it," said the col
onel; "I rattier thought you were
against me, Patrick." "Well, sir " said
Patrick, "I wuz; and when j-c stud by
me pig-pen and talked that day for two
hours or worse, ye didn't budge me a
hair's trr dth, sir; but after 3-011 wuz
gone away I got to thinking how 3-e
reached yer hand over the fence and
scratched the pig on the back till he
laid down wid the pleasure of it, and I
made up me mind that when a rale col
onel was as sociable as that I wasn't
the man to vote agin him."
A lleautlful lie Her.
A curious and licautiful superstition
prevails among the Armenians ttiat,
when anyone is seriously ill, the sick
room is tilled with angels who are sent
to watch over the patient. For thii
reason the room is Wautifully drapt-d
and furnished with flowers sweets,
dried fruits and cakes and each visitor
on entering, strikes a chord on a music
al instrument which hangs at the head
of the sick-bed.
PERSONAL GATHERINGS.
Rev. Dr. Hoffmax, who owns the
noffman house. New York, is the
richest clerg3-man in the world.
CniEF Inspkctor Stkere, of the New
York police department, retires on a
12,500 pension after thirty-five years of
service, during which he never had a
charge preferred against him.
Ix the family of Philip C. Drumel, of
Philadelphia, five generations are repre
sented. Mr. Drumel is ninety-four
3'ears old and was a drummer Iniy un
der Napoleon, being present at the
burning of Miiscow.
II. B. McCi.F.i.LAifD. who has lieen
teaching school in Encinal countt",
Tex., for ?40 a month, has lieen notified
that he has fallen heir to the title and
e-2.ooo.OtKl estate of his uncle. Lord
William Moore, of England.
Mrs. Martha A. I loo as, Mrs Mary
A. Fassett and Mrs Sarah A. Fassett,
triplets, were present at a celebration
at Waltham, Mass., the other da3'.
Thej- are sixty-nine years old, and sa3'
they worked when girls in a cotton
mill in which Gen. Banks was a Ixibbin
lx3".
DO YOU KNOW THESE?
Aixa C Trf.at, aged ninety-four, a
resident of Denver, is liclieved to lie the
oldi-st mason in the world, having lieen
a member of the order for seventy-three
years
It is said that Mme. Patti and other
women of high standing on the stage
preserve mist carefully the luxits they
wore at their debut, which they con
sider lucky to have aliout on the first
nights of engagements forever after.
Ex-CniF.F GhRoxiMO, who, with other
subjugated Apache Indians is living
near Mobile, Ala., has lieen made a
gardener at the military station where
he is a captive, and is also a justice of
the peace for the trilie.
tloiiv B. Ci.kavks, the new governor
of Maine, came out of the war a lieu
tenant and at once secured work as an
ordinary hand in a sash facto-, but
after a two-3ears' trial of the job he
thought it wasn't a promising one, so
he struck out in other lines
BOOK NOTES.
Riper IIaggard's story "Montezu
ma's Daughter" will first appear serially-
Senator SorntEs' daughter is only
fifteen, but she has written a volume of
poetry and dedicated it to her father.
A niooRAi-UY of the late Daniel
Dougherty is in course of preparation,
the material having been given by Mrs.
Dougherty into the hands of a well
known biographer.
CtixsiriERAiiiJ? interest has been
awakened among the literary circles of
lk-rlin by the sale of an edition de luxe
of the complete works of Frederick the
Great for 2,tMK) marks. .
Archdeacon Dexisok, who is two
years older than Mr. Gladstone, has
sent to the press a sequel to his "Notes
of My Life," published in 1879, in which
he will give a summary of the later
period of his eventful career.
PICKED UP IN EUROPE.
The Germans at last take kindly to
American hx-cakes
The largest barometer yet made has
been put in working order at the St,
Jacques tower in Paris It is forty-one
feet five inches high.
TrxnER-HEARTEn residents ot Helen
burgh, Scotland, mercifully killed a
centenarian last month a donkey said
to be one hundred and two years old.
The popularity of Norway as a sum
mer resort is indicated by the fact that
during the months of May, June and
July 5.1B2 travelers touched at liergen.
A BAXI of women-robbers has ln-en
discovered in Paymago, Spain. They
met once a month in a cave on the out
skirts of the town, to plan burglaries,
and here they had a full stock of bur
glars' tools and about fifteen thousand
francs' worth of plunder. They usual
ly worked in men's attire.
INTERESTING TO ALL.
Several Chinamen have proved them
selves successful farmers in Montana.
Life is shorter in the valleys and
lowlands than among the hills and
mountains
Over seventeen thousand styles of
silk goods are known to dealers.
Oxyx of a superior quality and in
abundant quantity has been discovered
in Bridgewater, Va.
Tin? fishhooks of the bronze age liave
precisely the same heads as the most
popular patterns of to-day.
EionT nationalities arc said to be rep
resented in a choir of sixteen little girls
at St. James' mission. New York city.
A thimiile is really etymologieally
considered only a "thumb Ix-ll," the
original thimble having been worn on
the thumb.
A SOLDIER'S CORNER.
The oldest British soldier is Sir
Tatrick Grant, aged eighty-eight years.
GrJi caps were first used in 1822 in
the British army.
The armies of the civilized nations of
the world numtx-r S.GOO.OOO. Ik-sides
the loss of their time and labor, they
ctast at least tl,0o0 a year for each sol
dier, and that amounts to f :t,roo,000,000.
Hkxry Packa'rii, of Rockland, Sul
livan count3. N. Y., a veteran of the
war of 112, in which he served as a
drummer 1x13-, has just received from
the General Society of the War of 112
a bronze medaL Mr. Packard is lame
to this day from a wound received in a
skirmish.
A Maixk veteran who marchd in the
prtx-cssion at Washington has fort3"
eight scars, an empty sleeve aud an
artificial eye to prove that he was in
the late unpleasantness. His name is
J. F. Chase, a memlx-rof the old Fifth,
battery of the l"ine Tree state.
Water at the Fair.
A false statement is going the rounds
of the press to the effect that visitors
will not lx." able to get any drinking
water at the world's fair without pil
ing for it- There will Ih? an abundance
tif excellent water free to all who want
it- Those who wish to drink mineral
spring water, piped to the exposition
ground from Waukesha, Wis., a hun
dred miles distant, will have to pa3' one
cent a glass for it. The free water will
be that of Lake Michigan, brought by
tunnel from a point four miles from
shore, and much lx-tter than the in
habitants of most large cities are sup
plied with.
'V!
nr