nil
! i
CHEAP!
CAMBRIA FREEMAN
PER!
pnhllHiei Weekly
fS5m'RG, Cambria Co., .Fa.,
"jjY 1 1. A. Mol'IKE.
..lixtted Circulation - 1,116.
WIS,
,rBm Ripno." RATES.
n rear, cash In advance U-M
,. If not p'ii within mo. 20
if not p'd within year.. 2.25
rcaMin outside the county
, .IdiMowl per year will be charged to
-n? tho above term be de
' e 'th.-" who don't consult their
'r'v,V. hv pivinir in advance inu.t not
iTV n'io J on the -inv f ont irnr as those.
j
1 1 vnr.
A'lniinis'rHT -r"s V
Autlir Ntie5.. w
STrny ani fimiliir
:uinp item, f rst k.
fu!'pni-iit infrrtion fie.
8 inf-i'ior, or j r-(. CtiO
Or i-fi.'. anti t nmtjuif at i UK -i ' IV?.-
Zion riarr- r hmiU'l d ,4 in.'rrr!.
muf 6f airf ,'?r a cirri tnc-ri'nM
.Tor Iri mtno of n'l kfn l nat., 'v' fxi ?st,"w
ouily execuieil ftt lowest price. l)on i. ju i3t
it.
H. A. McPIKE, Editor and Publisher.
HE 18 A. FREEMAN WHOM THE TRUTH MAKBS FREE, AND ALL ARE SLAVES BESIDE."
SI.50 and postage per year, In advance.
; , . ... jfHrt b distinctly anderstood
' f rir!.f I
,'r y or paper before yoa stop It. If i
,r. mi-'. None tint sculaways do oth- (
r'r)'ia t he Hciilawapr lite'a too short.
VOLUME XVI.
E13ENSBURG, PA.. FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 1SS2.
NUMBER 22.
v
WW ft
a -SB.
fnVilllt tO SClI Ollt to make purchases for fall.
k Willlt tO SClI Ollt to keep plenty work going.
Je vant to sell out to make some changes.
Pi!
i
i I
OAK HALL,
: p.
PHILADELPHIA.
t ... .: VJ" iwji. r. ai
W Sou Re.J , Etffh t 5or,
r --e. W do JJ Black Waiaut CaM
, i r- rrr--:
A?,S.?t3 Reeds, $90.
' tr "' 'T: rnnw. Remit j
"-.!,.' . or R-Klnter 1
jij.. f l"hrut a Moment's
ysp Ksf Jersey.
TH C M or
f-r it:g f Blood. Brott-
. .." 'a.-rh r.f i,. t. snl ail
I tie l uliuouarT
1 "' . '' rnt and 1 Od.
.... . lO. l'itlburll.
j , u. vi t-.i bum;
1
1
Commencing first week of June.
s, , tch people and olil-time folks all know wLat is the meaning of an
sue." It i1' h term used when things are to be sold out to close
i' utnerships, etc.
We ir-'!"-' a sale of this nature. The prosperous season so far this
t!. largest we have ever had, encourages us to
Ring all the Bells,
vz cjr.L mi: rr.ori.iz ix to close out before
THE 4th OF JULY, A.LL. OF THE
OF
MEN'S and BOYS'
CLOTHING.
e want to sell out to start ao;ain with a new stock.
e Want tO Sell OUt to do a larger business than ever.
o never slop at anything
to c.uiy rut" mr pi. -us whin we are in the right,
inn! if thu piict-s must be cut down,
to gather the people,
Down oo the Prices.
' v.- .-.u.-ri'.ice our profits fur one month, the people have dona jjen
r m.-iuy year.-, and we are satisfied.
!.'A XUT-SH1'LL,TIIIS IS IT.
i !:!-t .i! j. tit r.f all this in a radical reduction in prices from
T!.-y .:. t-nt, some ten, .some twenty, some thirty per cent.,
-n jro."N k pn-d -; rially for this sale, not at all. Compared
V ''I -' '! . avc:-;i,'.' rciluctiou is twenty-fivo per rent. Of the
" '" !!;.!. !:-: now 1..-M by us. about .ji0,(MX) is involved in this
Ir ,u ' '.i. g:,-.t lit wliich might be ru:de we only quote three items
v. Mm,, ly :
;.i ..f in- n's ".ts-:u. n- Pantaloons, made and making, strong,
: .! : I.;te'y v.i.f.U .::;.."!., now 2. 12.
:. :.V st;t, r.-a! i,!i!l ,iwytrs (.'assimere, made and making;
1 ti..-n"s uiis, ;ht 'l' s, evrry garment freshly made ; some of
.'.it f r !y at i'rJ on, ?o-jr,.
ur i:iVi.t t . ::.ij y to tell all the people that quick trade
..ire on a.'i or.,- clotl,:!:,' for this sale.
BROWN.
j- Corner Sixth and Market Sts.,
1 .-ifSJ
Sis
IIIIL.VIKLPIIIA
SES'GER 3IACHESE
mU to anu Sinner in the Market.
Th- :,w , ,it rH.rc-.-;it. t. (...(.iiutr stvie li.r
i!w l ciipl,.. .,) j de iin.iT'i;t,.. cftrs li.r s1a
.ii I h.- w .i . ) .-r ; ii I l iw ,r .c .' Thi m.iohine
ti.i-' mm inT'iTt :i 1 1 -Cvi inn horcver ti.f.l, ami
H vnrra -i.v 1 f.tr the tfrrn of thrrr ymr.t. Kmpm-l-.
r din ir,- licr b!1 (In- time an 1 that vim nut
Hoy h ive rverv n(. or' unity "x.itnine (ln tna
i'ln ii" ii n.l it In .T ( inn. Imt ymi knn where
t. r- in. t. tr.-t. yi.nr iiimifF hvk if th machine
l .n'i .! "T u'ily . rt i ri e!it... Ym will tliere
('r.. ivin.-u t ii ii r own i i:tre?M hy Imy Inn the I'tnl
aili'iihi. Sinjtr Iiii'tiine an.l l.uvlinf frinn oo one
'"" W. j. HI K.
-2 8m.j ituclTn Mills. A lltvlirny Twp.
CRHSCITNT PLUG
i nii nrinii in ii. ii iiv-i.. though hat a sl i.rt time
on ih- niNrki-t, I air-i.tv t ii- f ivnrlte with many
rhowrr. M uto from st-lected leaf n l with t.es't
vM-i-r in. ir i a i-a.it.il art cie n1 iteeiaU
int. lo me IVnnsylvanla ta(e. For .aln hy all
i. all r. Si-ml for s imple to the manufacturers.
f. A. J A( KSO A CO., PMrntbarv, Ts.
EVERY ONE Jfs?"
Will ge talnahle inlormallon I KIT hy j
eernl i n lor circular to t. rot iUKE, iJosuin, Mips.
C')f Ier e-k can te mail" In any locality.
0)t Soju-Mtinir intirlv new for BKC-st. ft.f
ouuit I ne ft. tT. IXiKAHlW CU., l?oi-ton, Mass.
Allff KTISKKStnenl Tor our Select List of Local
.e-.,ii.er.. Oeo. V. Kowell a, Co.. W Siirucs
St., Y.
Q( ii H I vear to Airents and tipeowa. O.tfit
AMERICA.
BY JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY.
Head at the Reunion of the Army of the Potomac, at
Detroit, on June V., lSbt.
Nor War nor Teace, forever old and yonn?.
But Strength, my theme, whose song is yet
unsung,
The People's Strength, the deep alluring
dream
Of truths that seethe below the truths that
seem.
The buried ruins'of dead empires seek,
Of Iudian, Syrian, Persian, Unman, Greek :
From shattered capital and frieze upraise
The stately structure of their golden days :
Their laws occult, their priests and prophets
Their altars search, tneir oracles unmask,
Their parable from birth to burial see,
The acorn cerm, the growth, the dense
leafed tree,
A world of riant life ; the sudden day
When like a new strange elory shone decay,
A golden glow amid the green ; the change
From branch to branch at life's receding
range.
Till nothing stands of towering strength and
pride
Save naked trunk and arms whose veins are
dried,
And these, too, crumble till no sign remain
To mark its place upon thewind-swept plain.
Why died the empires ? Like the forest trees
Did nature dooin them ? or did slow disease
Assail their roots and poison all their springs ?
The old-time story answers : nobles, kings,
Have made and been the State, their names
alone
Its history holds ; its wealth, its wars, their
own.
Their wanton will could raise, enrich, con
demn ;
The tolling millions lived and died for them.
Their fortunes rose in conouest. fell in guilt.-
The people never owned them, never built.
Those olden times ! how many words are
spent
In weak regret and shallow argument
To prove them wiser, happier than our own !
The oldest moment that the world has
known
Is passing now. Those vaunted times were
young :
Their wisdom from unlettered peasants
sorting :
Their laws from nobles arrogant and rude ;
Their 'ustice force, their whole achievement !
crinie.
With men the old are wise : why change the
rule
When nations speak, and send the old to
senool !
Pospect the past for all the good it know :
Give lifiiiie lives ami struggling truths their
a ne ;
But ask. what freedom knew the common
men
Who served ami bled and won the victories
then ?
The leaders are immortal, but the hordes
They led to death were simply human
swords,
Unknowing what they fought for, why they
fell.
What change has come ? Inperial Europe
tell!
Death's waiders cry from twenty centuries'
peaks ;
riata-a's field the word of Plevra speaks :
The martial draft still wastes the peasant
farms,
A dozen kings, five million men in arms ;
The earth mapped out estate-like, hedged
with steel ;
In neighboring schools the children bred to
feel
Unnatural hate, disjoined in speech and
creed ;
The forges roaring for the armies' need.';
The cities bunded by the people .ined
With scowling forts and roadways under
mined ;
At every bastioned frontier, evey state,
Suspicion, sworded, standing by the gate !
But turn our eyes from those oppressive
lands :
Behold, one country all defenceless stands,
One nation-continent, from Kast to Vet.
With riches heaped upon her bounteous
breast ;
Iler mines, her marts, her skill of Land and
brain,
That bring Aladdin's dreams to light again !
Where sleep the conquerors? Here is chance
for spoil :
Such un watched fields, such endless, thought
less toil !
Vain dream of olden time ! The robber
strength
That swept its will is overmatched at length.
Here, not with swords but smiles the people
greet
The foreign spy in harbor, granary, street ;
Here towns unguarded lie, tor here alone
Nor caste, nor king, nor privilege is known.
For home the fanner ploughs, the miner
rtelves,
A land of toilers, toiling for themselves ;
A land of cities, which no fortress shields.
Whose open streets, reach out to fertile
tieli.s ;
Whose roads are shaken by no armies' tread ;
Whose only camps are cities ot the dead !
Go stand at Arlington, the graves among :
No ramparts, cannons there, no bauners
hung.
No threat above the Capital, no blare
To warn the senators the guns are there.
But never yet was city fortified
lvike that sad height above Potomac's tide ;
There nuver yet was eloquence in speech
Like those ten thousand stones, a name on
each ;
No guaids e'er pressed such claim on court
or king
As these Piatorians to our Senate bring ;
The Army ol Potomac never lay
So full ot strength as in its camp to-day I
On fatal Chferonea's field the Greeks
A lion raised. a somber tomb thai speaks
No word, no name, an emblem of the pride
Of those who ruled the insect "lost that died.
But by her soldiers' graves Columbia prove9
How last toward morn the night ot manhood
moves.
Those low white lines at Gettysburg remain,
The sacred record of her humblest slain,
Where children's children in their time, will
come
To view with pride their he roe-father's tomb,
While down the ages runs the patriot line
Till rich tradition makes each tomb a shrine.
Our standing army these, with spectre
glaives,
Our foitressed towns their battle-ordered
graves.
Here sleep our valiant, sown like dragon's
teeth ;
Here new born sons renew the pious wreath ;
Here proud Columbia bends, wiin tear-stirrcd
llllilltll,
To kiss their biood-seal, binding North and
Sout li,
Two clamping hands upia the knot they tied
When Union lied and human Slavery "died.
Who doubt our streugth or measure it with
those
Whose ntiiii-d millions wait for coming foes,
They judge by loja.1 standards, that depend
On l.iielnig h.mds to threaten or deiend,
That keep their war-dogs chained iu time ot
pence,
And tiiead a loe scarce less than their re
lease. Who hunt wild beasts with cheetahs, fiercely
tame,
Must watch their hounds as well as fear their
game.
Around our veterans hung no dread or doubt
W hen thrice a million men were musteted
out.
As scattered seed in new-ploughed land, or
flakes
Of Spring-time snow that fall in smiling
lakes,
Our war-born soldiers sank Into the sea
Ot peaceful life and fruitful energy.
No sittn remained of that vast army, save
Iu field and street new workmen, bronzed
and grave ;
Some whittling teamsters still in at my vest ;
Some quiet citizens with medalled breast.
So died the hatred of onr brother-feud ;
The conflict o'er, the triumph was subdued.
W bat victor kinjj e'er spared tje vanquished
foe ?
IIow mucn of mercy did etroDg Pruwia show
When anguished Taiis in the dust lay prone ?
The German trumpet rang above her moan.
The clink of Uhlan spurs her temples knew ;
Her Arch of Triumph spanned their triumph,
too.
Not thus, O South! when thy proud head
was low,
Thy passionate heart laid open to the foe,
Not thus, "Virginia, did thy vietois meet
At Appomattox him who bore defeat ;
No brutal show abased thine honored State ;
Grant turned from Richmond at the very
gate !
O Land, masmanimnns, republican !
The last for Nationhood, the first for Van !
Becanse thy Hnes by Freedom's self were
laid,
Profound the sin to change or retrograde.
From base to cresting let thy work be new ;
'Tw not by aping foreign ways !t grew.
To struggling people give at least applause ;
Let equities, not precedents, subtend your
laws :
Like rays from that great Eye the altars
show.
That fall triangular, free states should grow,
The soul above, the brain and hand below.
Believe that, strength lies not in steel or
stone ;
That perils wait the land whose heavy
throne.
Though ringed by swords and rich with ti
tled show.
Is based on fettered misery below :
That nations grow where every class nnites
For common interests and common rights ;
Where no caste barrier stays the poor man's
son,
Ti'l. step bys'ep, the topmost height is won ;
Where every hand subscribes to every rule,
And free as air are voice, and vote, and
school 1
A Nation's ypars are centuries ! Let Art
Portray thy First, and Llhprty will start
From every field in Europe at the sight.
"Why stand thpse thrones between us and
the light?"
Strong men shall ask : "Who built these
frontier towers
To bar out men of kindred blood with ours 1"
O, this thy work, Republic ! this thy health,
To prove man's birthright to a common
wealth ;
To teach the people to be strong and wise.
Till armies, nations, nobles, royalties.
Are laid at rest, with all their fears and
hates ;
Till Europe's thirteen Monnrelos are States,
Without a harrier and without a throne,
Of one grand Federation like our own !
REMARKABLE TREES.
BY JASrER T. JENXtNOS.
The vegetable world produces many strik
ing examples of wonder and admiration.
The study of botany is a deep one ; and the
strange and mysterious processes of plant
life has ever been a subject of research and !
investigation for the philosopher and student
of science. The manner in which the ele- j
nients are drawn f rom the soil and prepared i
in ten thousand different forms and combi- I
nations by the little chemical laboratories of
Nature, has ever engaged his earnest atten
tion. There is yet much to be learned in this
department of physical science, and as we
delve deeper into the subject we soon become
convinced how small a part of the mighty
laws and operations of Nature are really
known. Every r.ew discovery made, how
ever, and every new principle that appears
to unfold itself to the mind, proclaims more
and more the grand and harmonious work of
the great Creator.
But we have not space in the present pa
per to enter into a description of the strange
and curious processes of vegetable life, and
so we proceed to present an account of a
few of the more wonderful examples to be
met with in this branch of external nature.
We will commence the list with the stately
and beautiful niasinolia of Florida. This re
markable flowering tree, concerning which
so much has been said and written, is a gi
gantic species of southern laurel. When
covered with its large white flowers, "some of
which are said to be eight or nine inches in
diameter, it presents a magnificent appear
ance ; and its fragraee fills the air with per
fume to the distance of half a mile away. It
is often tall and graceful in form, though its !
size and beauty has frequently been much
exaggerated. The largest specimens are said
to attain the height of one hundred feet; and
the top forms a perfect cone. It will hardly
compare in size with northern sugar maple,
or sycamore, the Cottonwood, or the stately
ash. The wood is soft, of little value, and
the thick bark is smooth, like that of the
beech, and of a whitish color. The leaves
somewhat resemble those of the orange tree,
though larger and thicker, and, while the
upper surface is smooth and glossy, as though
it had been oiled, the under side is covered
with a soft, yellowish down.
The live oak is also a remarkable tree, ex
ceeding in the number and magnitude of its
branches that of any other tree on the Amer
ican Continent. These put forth at the
height tit about fifteen feet from the ground,
and spread out. In some instances, to the
distance of fifty paces on a side. The wood,
which is hard and tough, toims a valuable
material for ship building. It is a native of
the Southern States.
The tallipot palm, of Ceylon and the East
Indies, is chiefly noted for its immense leaves.
The largest of these form stupendous fans,
often twenty feet in length by fifteen across!
and are the largest leaves of any known spe
cies of vegetation. They are large enough
to shelter a whole family ; and the natives
often use them for tents and umbrellas to
shield them from the rain, and the scorching
rays of the midday tropical sun. The tree
grows straight and symmetrical, to about a
hundred feet in height, and is said to blos
som and bear fruit but once during its exist-
The upas, or poison tree of Java, has been
rendered famous by the many marvelous and '
incredible stories that were once told con- '
cerning it. It was said, and believed by I
many in former times, that its poisonous
fumes struck dead every hv inp crerf n r. i I,-., t
came within a circle of many miles of where
it grew: and that the ground al! about was
strew n with the dead carcasses and bleaching
bones of men and animals. IIoijv people
could go and see and come back alive to tell
the story, was not told. Scientific travelers.
nterrified by the reports of the superstitious
natives, finally visited the spot and the fab
ulous stories were soon set at naught. The
region was found to be of great fertility and
beauty; and tha design of the natives in
spreading terrible stories about the dea.ily
upas was, in all probability, to keep foreign
ers away. The tree is tall and beautiful in
appearance, and produces a sort of yellow
frothy juice, which is said to be poisonous.
There is a curious specimen of the vegeta
ble creation, found growing among the rug
ged and barren mountain sides of South
America, denominated the cow tree. Warm
summer showers, generally so essential for
vegetable growth, are rarely known iu the
vicinity ; yet this singular production, with
apparently dry and withered branches, is a
reservoir of human food. The natives make
incisions In the bark, and a milky Juice, Borne-
what resembling that of the miik-weed, ex
udes in abundance. Most vegetable juices
of this description are nauseating or poison
ous ; but the milk of the cow-tree Is said to
be sweet and nutritious.
In the West Indies there is another curious
production, termed the cabbage-tree. It Is
a largo tree, from four to six feet in diame
ter at the base, and generally rises straight
as a plumb line to a height of from one to
two hundred feet. Scarcely a leaf or branch
puts out until near the top, where it assumes
a different color, and a thick cluster of light,
leafy branches, about fifteen feet in length,
set out in all directions. The light, zephyr
like beeezo causes these lofty branches to
rise and fall In gentle undulations, like an
immense plume of feathers ; but in times of
high wind the tall trunk sways about, and
bends over as though it would bow to the
earth. Above the crest of waving plumes,
crowning the summit of all, is the cabbage ;
the taste of which closely resembles the com
mon vegetable of the same name, raised in
our gardens. As every one of these wonder
ful cabbages obtained destroys the life of the
tree, it has become a very rare and costly
dish, prepared only on some grand entertain
ment of the rich ; and the time is probably
not far distant when this already rare tree
will be unknown among the living existence
of vegetable productions.
Some of the most remarkable exar: pies of
vegetation found on the globe are produced
in China. Among these 13 the tallow-tree ;
a small tree with brilliant red and purple
leaves. When seen from a little distance it
presents a strange and beautiful checkered
appearance. The blossoms are yellow, and
the little white grains of vegetable tallow,
which are enclosed in husks, are picked out
and manufactured Into candles.
The most universally used wood in China
is the bamboo. This is an immense reed,
which enters into all the occupations, trades
and professions of the empire Chairs, ta
bles, bedsteads, and nearly all the articles of
furniture, from that of the humblest fisher
man to the richest mandarin, are fashioned
from this material ; and by splitting and
grinding it is worked into ropes, cords, and
twine, and it is even manufactured into sail
cloth and paper. Probably no tree on eo
is wotked into a greater multip'
thnn the buniboo : and wen
great reed, it would seem tl
cliinery of the Chinese c
Stop.
The camphor-tree is onr
the Chinese trees. It Is f,
or less in scat tered pntel
of the river. It is a giga
re!, sometimes attaining
or six feet, and with brn
feet in circumference.
generally very broad a
specimens can now lie f
feet in height. The CI
to a height of three hn
circumference so grea
their arms extended
it. The wood ia dry,
used somewhat In bi
taincd by steeping th
The varnish tree, frorfi which the beautiful
Japan varn'sh is male, is also a native of
China and Japan. It is a smallish tree,
slightly resembling the nsh in appearance,
with light-green, laurel shaped leaves. The
varnish exudes in the ninht, from incisions
made iu the bark, and as it is very poisonous,
the workmen are obliged to perform their
labor with caution, often rubbing their bodies
with a prepared oil, inclosing their hands in
long gloves and their heads in linen veils. It
is thought by some that an exaggerated ac-
count of these precautions concerning the
poison varnish tree might have given rise to
the fabled story of the deadly upas.
Still another remarkable production of
China is the oil-tree. This is a small shrul
like tree, often cultivated on the tea planta
tions. The seeds are said to yield a great
abundance of pure and esculent oil. It pro
duces a profusion of beautiful white blos
soms, and, when in full bloom, an orchard
of these trees appears like a grove covered
with snow. In size and general appearance it
greatly resembles the American cherry-tree.
Near the little town of Orotava, on the is
land of Teneriffe, is the famous dragon-tree;
seen and described by numboldt, the great
scientific traveler. Near the ground it is
forty-eight feet In circumference, and at the
height of ten feet its diameter is twelve feet.
At a short distance above the giound the
huge trunk divides into a great number of
curious branches, each bearing a single tuft
of bright green leaves at the top. The entire
height is only sixty feet ; and the maze of
uplifted branches, all appearing so nearly
alike, and all uniting to the huge trunk at a
single point, presents a strange and peculiar
aspect. Its growth is very slow ; and some
have thought it must have required a thous
and years to have reached maturity. Hum
boldt calculated it was one of the oldest
specimens of vegetable life on the globe.
One of the most wonderful productions of
the vegetable world Is the banyan-tree. It is
a native of Hindostan and Cochin, China ;
and has been looked upon with reverence
and wonder in past and present ages. There
is no other tree that resembles it in outward
form or general appearance. The strong
lateral branches that reach out from the
trunk send down numerous shoots that take
root in the ground, and form new trunks. In
this way a grove is soon formed around the
parent stem, and eventually a forest, as it
were, arises, all connected, ai d formed of a
single tree. One of the. largest of thee cu
rious trees now standing, is on an island in
the Nerhuddah River, Hindostan. It has
three hundred and fifty large trunks, and
three thousand small ones ; covers seven
acres of ground, and furnishes shelter for
seven thousand people. In clearing away
these trees, the numerous trunks are all
girdled, or cut, when it withers, and soon
commences to decay. When it becomes dry,
fire is applied, and often the whole mass is
consumed.
One of the most stupendous trees in the
world is the African baobab. Near the
mouth of the Senegal Hiver there is a huge
specimen of this tree, thirty feet in diameter.
The massive tiunk is short, and the ponder
ous branches spread out in all directions,
producing a vast, rounded top, large enough
for a small forest. It is supposed to be near
ly ten thousand years old. When covered
with a luxuriant green foliage, and a profu
sion of snowy blossoms, it presents a truly
magnificent appearance; and the traveler
can hardly believe, until he has made a near
inspection, that so great a mass of verdure
and flowers is owned and upheld by a single
stem. The superstitious natives often gather
about the spot and celebrate the opening of
Its flowers with religious rights and heathen
ceremonies.
r t
f 1
i 1
1 1
m 11 1
m t
The tallest trees on the globe are said to
be in Australia. A fallen tree in Gippsland
measures four hundred and thirty-five feet in
length ; and in the Victoria section two forest
monsters are now standing, one of which is
estimated to be two hundred and thirty-five,
and the other four hundred and fifty feet in
height.
In Skowhegan, Maine, there is an Immense
russet apple-tree, over four and one-half feet
in diameter. It was planted in C2. Seven
feet from the ground five huge branches put
forth, each averaging some thirty five feet in
length. The entire top is about sixty-three
feet across ; and the average yield of apples
has been about thirty bushels yearly.
In 1825, an enormotn black walnut-tree
blew down near the sight of the present vil
lage of Silver Creek, in Southwestern New
York. It was hollow ; and eighteen feet of
the but-end was sawed off, roofed over, and
fitted for a saloon. Ten or twelve persons
could easily stand within at the same time
Although so majestic in proportions, the sheli
was thin and light, and, after remaining for
some time as the wonder of the region it was
carried to several of onr Atlantic cities
where it drew crowds daily, and, ultimately,'
it was transported across the ocean, and ex
hibited in London, Paris, and other Euro
pean cities, where it was represented as a
specimen of American vegetation.
The largest chestnut-tree in the country is
faid to be growing on the farm of Solomon
Merkle, in Berks county, Pennsylvania. It
is described as being forty feet in circumfer
ence at the base, and is estimated to contain
seventeen cords of wood. Steps are fasten
ed between the limbs, by means of which an
easy ascent can be made to the top.
Trees of enormous proportions are men
tioned by the ancient writers ; among which
were the far-famed cedais of Lebanon. The
mountain was probably once covered with a
giant forest composed of this noble tree ; but
when Solomon built his great temple thirty
thousand men were sent among them with
their axes, and the glory of the renowned
t Lebanon forest was soon leveled to the dust,
; Only a few specimens are now left standing,
and these arc- " Vr much smaller than
some r-e.
e temple. The larg-
upon the spot may
een feet in diameter
-et In height. At a
round large spread-
ing the trpe a som-
e. The topmost
imilar to those of
ood works free
'. The Temple
the seven won-
built of cedar.
in which Ln-
enty soldiers,
eh the night.
trees is the
ut is heavy
ins spread a
arii a vast area, that
iierous oaks of the forest appear
gnificant in comparison. It often grows
in the most inaccessible situations, and the
best timber is procured only by great diffi
culty. The largest log ever cut in Honduras
was, when squared, seventeen feet long, four
feet and nine inches wide, five feet and four
inches thick, measured five thousand one
hundred and sixty-eight feet, board measure,
and weighed fifteen tons. Its uses are well
known. The wood is firm and solid, and
susceptible of a Inch degree of polish. Some
times, when the grain is unusually beautiful
it commands a very high price. On or.e oc
casion, we are told that three logs, thirty-
eight inches square, and fifteen feet long,
j brought fifteen thousand dollars. The wood,
which was of exquisite beauty and closeness,
was cut up into thin veneers for the most
costly piano-fortes.
The celebrated taxodium, of uhapultepec,
in Mexico, was one hundred and seventeen
feet in circumference, and was thought to he
over five thousand years old.
The largest tree of which history furnishes
any record is the great chestnut tree of
Mount JEtna. It was said to be sixty-four
feet in diameter ; and so great, was its re.
nown that it was marked in all the ancient
maps. As late aslnO, when it was visitec
by Brydone. the interior of the huge trunk
was all decayed ; and it was divided into sev
eral monster trees, with bark and branches
only on the outer side ; though traces of its
having once been united in one prodigious
forest monarch were plainly apparent, both
above and below the surface. Later a pub
lic road was made through it, wide enough
for two coaches to drive abreast. A hut was
alo built in the interior, for the accommoda
tion of the wandering nut gatherers of the
vicinity. This noted tree was probably sev
eral thousand years old ; and quite likely it
had passed its meridian long before the ty
rant Nero reigned in Kome, or before Julius
Cpesar went on his eventful journey to Gaul
and Briton. But time in its steady and un
deviating march finally levels all things ; and
the great chestnut has long since passed into
a venerable ruin. Centuries ago, before de
eay had commenced, it was looked upon as
the glory of the forest ; and it was visited by
thousands, from all Quarters of the then
known world. But Its fame and greatness
are Jknown no more. Like the mighty em
pires of Greece and Kome its grandeur and
magnificence has passed away, and we know
of its former existence only as we read tl,e
records of the pas,t. Ballou'i Monthly Maga
zine for July.
A Sagacious Donkey. In no part of the
world, probably, is tr.e patient animal, which
is too often treated w ith cruelty, so well caied
for as in Spain. Iu this country the donkey
and the mule are petted and become great
favorites, and among the peasantry they are
almost looked upon as members of the house
hold. As showing the wonderful influence
which kind treatment will exercise, espec
ially on the donkey, we are told that a Span
ish peasant who possessed one was iu the
habit of journeying from his home to the city
of Madrid for the purpose of conveying milk
to the customers wliotn he supplied there;
and every morning he and his donkey with
laden panniers went their accustomed round.
One day, however, the peasant became ill,
and having no one to send, was in rather a
serious dilemma; whereupon bis wife sug
gested that the donkey should be dispatched
alone. Accordingly the panniers were filled
as u-Ojal with the pans of milk ; a piece of
paper was attached, requesting customers to
measure their own milk and return the cars,
and the donkey started tiff. In a short time
the faithful creature returned with the emp
ty cans, having duly performed his errand ;
and not only did it cont inue to do so for sev
eral days, but its nihster afterward learned
that it did not merely go the usual round,
and trust to the customers coming out to it
in the road, but had the sagacity t- go np to
their doors and ring their bells (which in
Spain often pui! downward) with its mouth, 1
M
U ADL HLTTEN.
STOIIY OF THE MASSACHF. OF THE MOItAVIVN
inuuxs.
Gnadenhutten. when translated, means
"tents of grace," and at this quiet stot with
a holy name was perpetrated a wholesale
ouicnery or innocent people which will al
ways remain a foul blot on the early history
of Ohio. Twenty-nine men, twenty -seven
women and thirty-four children were slaugh
tered. Two buildings were relected for the
howihle purpose, the women and bain s be
ing killed iu one, the men and boys in the
other. It is recorded that they died almost
cheerfully, the hymns and prayers of those
about to perish mingling with the dea:h :
groans of their unhappy companions. The
story of the crime and the circumstances '
which led up to it form an interesting bv.t i
awful chapter in the chronicles of the time, j
In order that our readers may thoroughly i
comprehend the significance of the event It !
is necessary' to go back to the year 17"-o. It I
was then that David Zeisberger, the Mora-
vian missionary, a man of rare piety, faith !
and purity, was pursuing his great work
among the Indian tribes. He suffered hard- j
ships in the wilderness ; he endured ill-treat- I
ment at the hands of the savage tribes whom !
he had resolved to convert, and never was
heard to murmur a complaint. He worked :
wonders. Going among the heathen he found j
them demoralized by whisky sold to them by !
white traders, wicked and unscrupulous. He
gently persuaded them to relinquish liquor,
and pointed out its evil effects so forcibly
that whole tribes yielded to the fascination
of his eloquence and the weight of his argu
ments. From being frenzied brutes thev
became sober and reasonable people. His
Influence spread raridly from nation to na
tion. Thousands, in fact, embraced Christi
anity; Zeisberger's enthusiasm and piety
carried all before them. In 17"0 great pro
gress had been made and the missions were
flourishing. But that same year events oc
curred which greatly put back the work of
1 conversion. The Moravian Indians were
accused of being concerned in Pontiac's con
spiracy. He was a brave ami famous Ottawa
j chieftiin, who organized a plot among the
1 various Indian tribes to murder at a given
time the English garri-ons at all points.
1 This was discove red, and, though it was nev-
er proved that the Moravian Indians took
i the slightest part in the conspiracy, they
' were per-ecuted ns much as if they bad.
; The Scotch-Irish settlers on the Pennsylva
: nia frontier treated them with great harsh
ness and severity. They p'vU udi il to bei'eve
j or perhaps were, in fact, so ignorant and
I bigoted lo believe that the Indians wire
1 the C'anaanites of the New World, hi, it that
the existing war had come upon the colonies
as a judgment for failing to totally extenni
! nate the native tribes. The Moravian In
dians, being kind and pi ntle, were very 11a-
turally fit and fair quarry for these highly
civilized white settlers.
An interes'ing chapter in the history of
their early persecutions is that which treats
of the narrow escape from extermination of
a considerable body of the Moravian Indians.
The threats jigain-t tho-e who had settled on
the Pennsylvania frontier were of sr. deadly
a nature that David Zeisberger advised them
to deliver up their arms arid march to Phila
delphia. They sought lefuge in the military
quarters there, but the soldiers threatened
to kill them if they did not go away. The
poor refugees were ni.rbiied by an excited
and angry rabhle, and the streets rang with
yells and shouts which sounded as fierce as
the warwhoop of the savages. Zeisberger
was with them all the time, standing by
them and encouraging them. A good I y
nuuiber of Quakers, who had suffered their
share of cruelty and persecution not so long
before, also took t s poor Indians by the
hand, heedless of the gioans and curses of
the mob. They were finally removed to an
island in the river as a measure of precau
tion. Their lives were providenlially pre
served. A body of Scotch-Irish, several hun
dred strong, from Lancaster, calling them
selves the "Paxton Boys," after butchering
a number of Conestoga Indians, who had
sought protection in a jail, marched toward
Philadelphia with the avowed object of kill- !
ing all the Moravian refugees. Zeisberger
and others prevailed upon them to relinquish j
their murderous designs, and so the poor In- j
dians escaped with their lives on that oc.ca- j
cion. Some of them, it is true, were rescrv-
ed for a worse fate and wt re brutally killed '
in the Tuscarawas Valley. Meanwhile the !
Indians were taken off the island and con- '
veyed to the upper Susquehanna region, be-
yond the Wyoming Valley, where they built
the hamlet of Frledenshutten, or "Tents of
Peace." About 1708 Zeisberger established
stations on the Allegheny and Beaver rivers, j
It was in 17i0 that a number of Moravian
Indians settled in the Tuscarawas Valley. j
They worked hard tilling the fertile soil and j
living lives of exemplary frugality and Indus-
try. The settlement flourished, and Indians i
flocked from the extreme West to the pleas- j
ant tract in eastern Ohio. For ten years all
went well. The country abounded in rich
fields ot waving corn. Each house had its
garden arid orchard ; peace and prosperity
prevailed. In 1780 the British incited a
j body of Delawares, commanded by Captain
j Pipe, against the little colony of Gnaden
: hutten. They were joined by a piirty of
i Wyandottes, anil they broke up Uie scttle
i merit, carry ing the Indians to Sandusky, and
j their teachers to Detroit, the scat of the
I British headquarters. It was iu the foilow-
j ing year that the slaughter took place, and
: this was how it came about. The poor ,eo- j
I pie, who had been so cruelly kidnapped .
; lrotu their homes at Gna-Iciihut ten, 1. ft
l acres and acres of corn standing in the
; fields. A party was cliosen to rtturu tiihar-
I vest it, and they accordingly took up their ;
I quarters in their old houses which L.ul not
i been destroyed. Just at the time of their1
j leturn some hostile Indians murdered a white !
I settler arnl al! his family. The lroiitiersnien
I were immediately up in arms. Although j
: the Moravian Indians were guiltless of blood, '
; they accused them of aiding and abetting !
i the crime and determined to make an x un- j
pie of them. David Williamson seemed to:
; be the moving spirit among them. He or- !
i ganized a band, and with craft in the head ;
j and murder in the heart torle into the Tus- '
. earawa VaMey ami surrounde 1 the Indians, !
1 With friendly smiies and smooth promises :
; they greeted their victims. Dissembling j
i their true purposes they pretended that they
weie solicitous as to their safety and wished
j tliein well. They finally induced them to
I give up whatever arms they had, under the
pretense of taking care of them, and promts-
ed to conduct them to a place where they
would be free to pursue their avocations
w ithout moiestation. The guileless Indians,
to tne number of ninety, were completely
deceived They trusted implicitly k tt.e
! word of the white men, and at their sugges-
! . , , ... . . ,
j tions set fire to a number f their hcuM-s ia
j order to Virevent them becoming harboring
! places for the hostile and righting Indians,
j After they had surrendered their arr.is, the
j f,.n purpose of their captors soon t;- tme
manifest. They were made prisoners, bo-:d
hand and loot, and confined to several of the
houses.
Then a council of war was held and vari
ous methods of putting theni to death were
discussed. Their fate was soon decideu,it
it took a little fm titer time to determine the
fittest mode of butchery. One excited fron
tiersman siisgested that thay should be se
curely confined in two large houses and
burned alive. The idea was met with shouts
of approval, but one who bad an eye for fu
ture glory advised that the victims be toma
hawked and scalped. He said that it was
only right and fair that they should have
some trophies of their campaign, and what
more appropriate than the bleeding scalpsof
the doomed Christian Indians? Thouch ap
proving cries were accorded to the man who
proposed burning them to death it is written
that the scalping and tomahawking sugges
tion was received with even a greater dem
onstration of delight. It was at once adopt
ed. The following morning was appointed
for the bloody deed, and the Indians were
told that they must die on tlie morrow. At
first they were inclined to treot the affair as
a joke. They could not beMeve that the
whites were capable of mi-1i barbarity. Th j
demeanor of their raptsrs, however, swn
showed that it was 110 laughing matter.
They realized that they must die. How did
they behave? Ntv,r was truer heroism
; mai,ife,ted than by that band of unlettered
Indians who had nothing but faith to buoy
them up. The right was passed in praye.
Iljnms of praise were ch-nted and each one
Vied in encouraging the t' er tc foe death
with Christ! 1:1 f,.: tit ;..!. Tiiry 1 id been
divided in two part V end Pupiisojod in two
large hos.--s. The nuir.lc.-crs kept wst.j
outside. The 1 -. iiti v i. inns c.r the doom
ed Indians astei i1. d heavenward, but pro
duced no softening t fiVet upon the haidened
he.nts of the white savages.
At tunrisc preparations for the crime
were made. Two buildings w -re selected,
and were most appro pi iat ly failed "slaui
ter houses." The men and boys were to b?
killed in one, and the omen ana babes !ii
the other. All being ready the slaughter be
gan. Never had the sun risen on a more I: -human
spectacle. The butcher were wtiiie
men, picsumaniy Chi i-tians ; the vk iims red
men. women and children, who had done no
wrong. Babes weie tnrn from their mother.-.'
anus, luaiie-,', wit!i tonnhawka and
scalped in sigh; of th. ir shrieking and heart,
broken parents. The slayers almost waded"
in blood. After the chi'drcn ha I been dis
patched came the women's turn. Dragged
one hy one by t!., ir long dark hair in the
centre of the shambles they were soon hur
ried into eternity by one quick and stunning
blow from a tom ilei n k. Their se.ps wera
then cut off aft.-r the most approved Indian
fashion. The white teen were Intoxicated
with the s-Wnghter. Wl.i'e t!;- women and
babes were being thus brutally slain in one
house, the men and older boys met with a
similar fate in another. It is useless to
dwell on the horrible crime. After ninety
victims had been dispatch-',!, David William
son and his gang marched back to their
homes Divi
isberger was ilorr0 trick-
en w hen be I.. ;U. of the massacre. He did
not, how ever, 1 .'i; t;is efforts to convert and
civilize the Indir.i.s. it is recorded that af
ter a lapse of sixteen years some of his con
verts led by Zeisberger returned to the Tus
carawas and settled there one more. Their
stay was short. The influx of the wh.tes
was so great, the temptation of mm so
strong, the outrages so frequent that the
fertile valley wa- si,ou forsaken by the In
dians, who retired first to Canada, and then
to the Moravian mission station In Kansas,
The good and pious Zeisberger died in ls-is.
having labored for sixty years among the
red men.
WisRWonns. Nothing comes of violence.
Without grace the works of the law are
naught.
Happiness is always the inaccessible castle
which sinks to ruin when we set foot on it.
No furniture is so charming as books, even
if you never open them or read a single
word.
The power to do great things generaliy
arises from the willingness to do little
j tilings.
I In ail sciences the errors piecede the
i truth's, and it is better they should go first
! than last
Without courage tiiere cannot be truth,
and without truth there can be no otl.ei vir
tue. We judge ourselves by what we fee! capa
ble of doing, while others judge us by what
we have already done.
He who conies up to his own idea of great
ness must always have had a very low stan
dard of it in his mind.
Instruction does not prevent waste of time
or mistakes; and niistt'r-s theus..-iv.s are
often the best tf-ac!i.-! o:" ail.
Beware what you iv of c: rrs, because
you only reveal y if N-nby. A man
doesn't think to look 1-el hid the door snlees
he has sometimes st-ifnl t!i,;re h'msclf.
Experience always leads to modesty when
wisely used. It never leads to b'j.istf u! ?on
fidence or to self-idolatry. It has been koo
often rebuked to claim infallibility, and too
often humiliated to ?c.t xip a prima-.-y that
may not be challenged.
Sometimes there are living beings in na
ture a.s beautiful as in romance. Peality
surpasses imagination ; and we see breath
ing, brightening and moving before our eves
sights dearer to our hearts thaiU auy we ever
beheld in the land of sleep.
As exchange thinks there is something In
advertising after all : "Ask some men for
an advertisement and they will answer that
they don't believe in advertising a paper Is
never read. Let a man be taught kissing
his neighbor's wife or trying to hold up the
side of a barn some dark night and his tone
changes immediately, and if a printing office
is in a garret of a seventeen-story building
he will climb to the top to !eg the editor to
keep quiet don't putni.h it in the paper."
An aggrieved party wanted a certaia ed-
' itor to apologize for saying that he was half
i drank on a certain occasion. The editor
j agreed to do so, and this is the way it ap-
! peared : "We stated last w eek that Mr. B.
was not fit to be a public ofiicei ash? was
half drunk all the time. We wish to eorrvct
the above, as every one knows that Mr. B.
never does anything by halves."
s