llillulli ."Ull
. r J(
It. L. JOMXSTOX, Editor.
HE IS A FREKIIAN WHOM THE TKCTII MAKES FREE,. AND ALL ARE SLATES BESIDE.
ii. a. nriirirM ruLiuiir
VOLUME 2
EB ENS BURG, PA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 21, 1869.
NUMBER 50.
SHERIFFS S' ALK.K Hy virtue of
sundry iit- of Vend. Expeii, Lev Facias
nud I'lur. Le-. Facias. i-sue I out of the Court
of ('.ni!Ru l'lens o Cumbria county, and to
medi.eeted. there will be exposM to Public
Sa e, at the house of Francis Ooonei . in Cie t j
Springs borough, Cambria county. on SATITI- i
D AY. the 123 J ilnv of January, at one o'clock I
r. m . , the ioUuwing Heal Ktte, to wit : ,
All flic rijrht, title nn-l intere-t of S. F.
orzr of. in mi) t a lot ot crouiui Mtuatod
in CI?-.. Spriiitf borough. Cimbri i co .front-
iuslU fret on Maui s'reet, nd cxu-ndiie: b:. k
J2) feet 10 V.,'nut alley, adjoining lot of Ma-
iv Aim .McKenzie on il.e south an 1 Simon
Wenktand on the ti rth. having thereon elected
tw ,u.ry Ir -me house, back buihii .g, frame
tittie, awl 'iut!iui!.iiiiir.4T now in tlie occnpaiiev
of John .McFerly. T.-.ken iu exfcnrion and to '
be sid i at the sriit f Margaret W Strohecker
.ul G W strohucker, fr-r ue of Archibald .
"A."soCa:rtheri-ht. title and interest of S.
Y G:-r-e. of.in and M the follow i . g riescrib j
ediiiioJinz and ht nt rr-m.id of S. F Gorg,
to-v:t : "3. id buildli.sr is loc-ited on a lot or
p:c - sl' rrinin 1 -.ituate in Ohe-a Spring bor
ougli, Cumbria comity, known on th- iil.ice of
a"l bor:ii:h a-i L it N- 0-1 in the ordr of .-.ii i
lots. nH iid'-.tr lot of heir- of Andrew ii Gi.on
A - li. a frame pi .b'e or b.im, having a
frot:t of 45 feet and a dcph o( ft. and
i. if, f.ctl,i,h" Tannin execun and to
bo K'.'.d at i he uit ot J''hn V".igiu-r. '
Ats. a'l the right, tit e murest ol rau:
J F;nn nr.d 1).-. Jo'tm 1 . Krise. of. in and to ;
ti.e to!l-.ng de-crihe 1 building of Paul Fiynn .
mid Dr. J hn J Kr?e, to wit : ' A cerain
one
storv P..k b-.ilding. situi'e in Clca.fi.-;d
rl.i? C .mhria county or, the land, of Dr
town
.1 .1. K'ri-p nn- fx.riMiiii l.v P:it:er-on and
Hirlei. cnt:iiiiiog in lro.t '24 t'eet mi In i
d :h 15 !eet " Taken in execution and to be 1
(Oil at the suit ot Pot ck Ihinihoe.
JY-!'- v i t i Jro ;
Office. Lbeti burg. Ja.7.f.9:3t. ;
JOHN A BLAIR Shorff.
Shi
M. L. OATMAN,
j
fflOICH FAMILY GROCERIES I
CON.ISTINO CP
Gil A IX. FEED,
BACON, SALT, FISH,
i:m:sn veget uees,
ALL KINDS OF FRUITS,
SUGARS, TEAS. C OFFER'S,
SYRUPS, MOLASSES, CHEESE, &c. ;
!
Aluo. a larjre ftock of the j
. , . , , , i
Best Brands cf Cigars and .tobacco.
STOKE ON' HIGH STUEKT,
Four Doors East rf' Crawford's liotrl,
Fljisslourg, Pa.
L L. LANGSTKOTII S
mm mm cis b;i sive
PnONOUNCI'D rilF. P.KsT EVKII YET
introduced it thii Convty or State. Any
person buini: a lamiiy riaht can have their
Te Iransferre 1 fiorn an old box to a new one.
In everv int-tnee in which this has been done
the r.;-u!t hi been en'irely satisfactory ar.d
the rt tiike of honev ha invan ibt v y.u t to!
expii-'c?.ndfreoientW exceeded them. Proof
of the enperior writ-" of this invention -wi!! he
found in the testimony of everv man who br.s
given it a trial, and nfiong the number are the
P';P UP ",""su '" " e
iil'v . rssnsix: j
Tlei'rv C Kirlipnti iek . of Carroll township, j
tnok li'G ooniida of purrltM honev fiom two .
biv- which lie sold at H." cent.' jier pound. ;
Adam Dcitrich. of C rro'd tovvnshin, took i
from two hive? 10U pound- of surnlus honey. j
.Tnnies Kiikpatritk. ot Cliest town-hip, took j
CJ p-Miuds ff surph; hony from one hive. j
Jscih Ktrkp'trick, of Client to vnshio, oh- j
tained 72 poi nds ol Fur-phi honey from o- e
liire, wi;rdi no' ics than $21, and the right i
crt him only ..". j
P.-fer C.infJ.dI from on Jdvo ohtai.-if l oC
poumla of surplus honey nt one time.
.-tjuue n. numtier ot Fimrar statement'.
hould call 011 or nd 'res
PETER CAMPBELL.,
Nor. 5. 1S9G -tf. Carrolltown, Pa.
1
ini? CUT Tl,a ...wlrctrm.t WLra
far pale the FA UM on which thev now
reside, situate in Allegheny township. Cambria
r:
county
owned
d hv .l.imes MeAteer.) containing ONE
HUNDRED and EIGHTY-SEVEN" ACRES,
more or lest, l-0 Acres of which are cleared
the blrnce well timbered Therf is erected
on the premises a good DWELLING HOUSE
and ppicndid BARN, together with other ne
cessary outbuilding, such a Hlacksoiith Shop,
Corn Crib. Sheep llouse, iic ; also, n excel
lent ORCHARD of choice frui'. Title per
feet. For terms apply on the premises to
P, & C SHIELDS.
Lorctto T. O.. Auj. 20. lSG.-tf.
JdJOLLIDAYSlUIRG SEMINARY.
A Bearding School for Young Ladies.
Rev. JOSEPH WAUGH. A.. M. . Principal.
CARL F. KOLBE, Prof, ot Musie, French
and German.
Competent A-itai.ts jn other Depart menta
None but experienced n tl mccMifal i
1 ecntr are eiiHiinyea m tins Insutaiiun.
Healthful and Beautiful Sioiatioii
building elegant and complete in all its parts.
SuppUe.j wjt- ctfiBf Water. Bath Rooms,
Wardrobes. Hnd nil home comforts
Next Session opens January lath. le'GD.
HoUidayaburg. aov 13, ipfiH 3m.
OUSE AND LOT FOR SALE
Mr. Mary Owens offers for sale her
House and Lot situated on the comer of CMe
and Mary Ann einel9. The House hag lately
been rebuilt and fried up with all the modern
improvement. Terms liberal. For lurther
itil'iiraiaiion no ply to
OEO.M READE, Agent.
uihenticaov t,y feme ot tue nest citizens 01 list, r guish able, in member, joint, or limb ; practical equality belore the law, a frcoa-Citnbr-.a
count v, could be obtamed in proof of; n. Ki,i,K ,w ,;!,. v,,, o!i.ifi,.,f 1 ...r . 11 1
the superior mer of LanS?troth8 Patent Mo- f K' '?i " C CAiIedthit 8"a,l,w rate school ..rgamtmn (wl-.crever num-
vaMo Comb F..-e TTiv.v r , " 'J ... , l,tr mado it practtcame), and a ratable!
-1. . ,.i., r,m;t ,ri... Fur ech i-eemed either : black it stood as : . r ...1.1:.. ...t 1 1 . :.. . !
(CI;oicc poetic gilcrirons.
, , . - . ti tt
EeautieS Of PAraaiS3 L0St---BeL II.
sukpee xwo.
The second bok of "Paradise Lost" con-
. - , .. .. . . . , , . , ...o.-.,l
1
on the means t- reinstate themselves ia the ,
position wLicli they had lost ly the rebclii, n
f .. ,, . . , , .
1,1 "taveu. I Lis (.ions;-i...n rosul.s in au.r ,
irg the views of Lucifer, vi ho Lis heard of
,Iie crt..uioU vf mau, and urges Lit, followers '
to cxpkre thfj new planet for the purjiosef
Lcgui!i:.; our first iHrentr.. S.itan l.itnseif, !
at Mli,,..stionf ieconies tl,e j)CiisIl criVoy
for il.h purpose, and the dose of the book j
leaves him hovering VQ the confines of our I
Ejd.ere, after havit.g pas.-ed the gates of hel!.
which wt-re guardtd by two moDsters Sia,
and her ortVprir, Death. j
The de.scnption of the throne of Satan, I
with which this bowk fctts out, is amoLg tho :
H f .
f,ntat , , . j
uigh on a throno . f r yni .-tate, which far t
uuisuone mti vvca:in oi urtv.es, ant o! in:,
(r where ti.e p.rgevus llt-t with iic!.tt liaral
fcji.owers on Ler king.s barbaiic pearl and
c,.x
Sl(.,n ,.xie,i S3tf by lH;SiJ
To ,iiat bail t.niUl..uce.
B dial rco'ici ti Sttan, who dn..tmct
war :
lltli.i, in act more graccf-.il and humane
A lairer ptr.-ou !o6t n t la avcTii 1.:, .stewej
p if ,J(y c...n, o.-d an 1 h gh exploit :
P.ut all teas laire ai.d :k i..w ; tn 1.'..- tongue i
Dropt nint.ua. and could malic the wure '.
Matuidit coiii:: U : t.T h;s ibufcghto were
t..J1iT(u,..
In deprecat in g warfare neaiiis-f. the heav
enly hosts, he prefers piihisiitnct to auuihi
iaiivti, lor he urue- :
We rmtff txi'perato
The Almigfity victor t" ?p-r.d ail his rjre.
And tuit iOi"..-.t end u-i, ti.al iii'itrt he, I'll-cure.
j o he more ; .ad cure ; for who woul 1 hr-t
Tir.gii fnd . !' pai'i. this intc.licc ual l-c:iig,
'lho?e tftonghts that v. under througb eti-r-
T eii;h father, w".'.iowed v.v and l -si
In the w ide womb of ut f retted uil.t
Devoid of -ne. ud motion.
litre ii; the p' ct's picture i-.i iV-elz.d.nb :
'i i.a;j lioni.
a rpect-he r-ise, ahd in li s tiding seemed
A pillar of statt. deep) cn his front ei graven
J ),.,hfratioti sat. and public care;
And ininelv cotin.-e! in his faCw- vet M-.o'ir-,
hL,tlc ,hungh in miu : s:.-e he st.H.i,
With Atlantean siiou'uers. lit t n'.ir
; Ti.e wiight ,f nr..;hie! nuinarchies.
i The concord wliu h prevailed on closing
th- debate air,., i .-c the i mons inducol the
poet to deprecate human legislation thus :
j Oh lianie men! Devil with Devil dam tie J '
j Firm conoid holds, tr.ea only disagree j
! Of creature, rational, though under hope
pcact
ret live in hatred, enmity, arm strire
i Among themselves, und levy cruel wars,
j Wasting t bo eaith. e;.ch other to b stroy :
As if. (which might itidife us to accord,)
' pia had not enemies cnu' be-ides
: That day ali,j uiglt f..r his destruction wait,
. .
j J lie desenptjuu ot S o an.l Death, toe
; g'lauhar.s t.f the gates cf hell, are full of
j powei :
; The one sr-emed woman to t:, waist, and fair,
! T.-it etided f.-ul iu many a .-caly f.,:d
iu many a scaly f-id
V..;ur.Ji..ous a-.d vast, a se.j.ent Armed
With mortal t tiits : about hi r middio rr.uid
A cry of heil, hoUbds never ceasing barked
'Villi wi !o Ccibeicau ruouthi full loud, and
. n:n
A Leons pc-d ; yet when they li.t, would
If at;i'htdiftmbed their noise Snbi her Womb.
And kennel there, yet there ttill barked and
howled
Within, unseen.
TLe other sh.ipe,
If nhape it might tv called, that thane had
none
v;.,b
Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as hell.
And shook a dreadful dart : what seemed
""i
his head
The likeuesii of a kingly crown had on.
To the enoonnter between Satan and
D-th ocems the phrase so much hackneyed
,nce 85 'fllt'
Grinned horrible a ghastly smite.
The opening of the gates of hell give a
view of the regions beyov.d :
Before their eyes in sudden view appear
The secrets of the hoary Jcv. a datk
Illimitable ocean, without bound.
Without dimension, where length, breadth
and hight.
And time and place are lost; where eldest
Night
And Chaos, ancestors of Nature, hoi I
Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise
Of endless wars, ami bv confusion stand.
W shall close onr extracts from the see-
ond book with a phraw from the Anarch's
acciuui, hi inc ruuo ei i.ueuer ami mi ihbim :
I saw and heard, for such a numerous host
Fled not in silence through the frighted deep
With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout.
Confusion worse confounded.
A Warning to Dogs. A man passing
inrougn me country during an excitin
local
house
:al political canvass, rode up to a f arm- adopted the same principles of public cdu
louse, and thus acrt sted a tow-headed i cation for the Catholics and the Piotestant
urchin who was seated on top of a pate
pot: -Bub, where's your pa ?' The i
youngster tyed the stranger riiMously a rno-i
mem. and t hen replied : -Tap's jh-t C r.e .
down thar beyor.t the cowshed, to bnrv .
our old do. The durned old f.,,1 killed
himself bnrk-n' at candidates for constable,
V yoo one V The traveler rod cn. ''
Our Common School j&jsfem.
Pub!ic Education in the United States.
A CATHOLIC V1EW.-
From the American Educational Monthly, of
New York
"Enlightened rulers all over Europe
r,rofounuiy impressed by tli2
t,.'an,., . f ,,:s .m,l ti. ht century. Il
Jcf-sot.s ol ttos ana l.. la-t ttn.uiy.
was (liCC L-lieved by inonurebs that to
enlighten their subjects would be to im-
peril" th.-ir iliror.es. It is no- very clearly
.... . . , , . , ,
s.-en that ":he divinity which dodi lieIc
a kinc" hs Ion" ceased to be an oracle to
the pcple. The French Emperor erects
bis dynasty upon popular sidfrae. Ilered-
,fary rl-!lt ,las c,r,e ,1"n lroia US "V"
ciciit pedestal to accept from the poop
the co:.!i!tMation of iis authoiity. It 13
! m. tti.i vihrit fi -r i'lirtiU'P d.ii-ilit ibtit iit
ri,u.r p;in mo(eni n:Uit,liS h any
niaus,..um cf ,,;s ancestors.
"j'j rr.jrii li d t of the c in 'i-ts tienotr ,fcd
' ' 'i. ,i "
ex e.y royal lorno, and has ultogether an-
iiihi!tc-d t!ie mystery which otice filled
tho Ir.'arts of nations wiui awe and un
questioning obedience. l'ublie opinion
now rules the ruler. Kings and their
tTi'tiistcrs hive now to elect between in
Itlligttit ari l virtuous opinion cn the one
hand
or revt lit ionary pactions cn the
other. The wisest of iheni, thcr; foie, are
hasteninp; to educate the people ; and they
are f-trivinz. above nil tUi., to wake
such cdttoalion distinctly WrteUm :.nd
not Hn-tily morol.. for they wed ictr.etnber
ti(i faJ. 'v( luuiori.- who have staked
tb.tir f-t.!va:i ;n upon tho suliioieucy of the
natural virtues. White kings are doin
this to preserve the sliadow of their royal
ty Irom the aggrefce-ive spirit ot the ne,
we. in this chosen land, n:e doit g or aim
ins to do the saitio thing, in order that we
may rear S'tccepi'ive generations of virtu
ous and enlightened heirs to the rich in
heritance of our constitutional democratic
freedom. Qjrs should be much the ea3-
! ter ta?k ; as we labor for no dynast)", but
J ftiive only to make a na'ion capribic of
; self-preset vation. We :wo no less in es;r-
nesi tliun the l.ing.? ; mei we may sorely
j cxHiriir.e. their vo:k ar.d see what is go;d
J in it. The kin:: tiicd ihe pagan idea of
! iritc'dectoal culture adorned with the glit
j terin gcnctaliiies of moral philosophy ;
and they uddd to it the maxims of the
I ChtistiHi) g'if p I, whetievtr that co'iM bo
! don' with. ut getting entangled in the con
j fiictii'g creeds of the numerous Sect? The
! school was hke l'i:t?u3 lec!nre-n:oni, only
that the sacred v ice ot the ivangeiist
was heard occasionally in such pa?ag s
as do not distinctly st forth faitii and
doctrine, alxjut which the scholars ccild
diHer. JSecta: iai.ism, as it is caLted, had
to le excluded, of course, in a mixed sy3-
era ol popular education wherein freedom
tf conscience was conceded to be a sacred
rh,ht an1 pro?elvliiSrn was di-avowed. The
t i . M t K. v tJ t M j I n . : j It 111 VI illOll.T
ands of chi'.ditn weie deprived of distinct
; religious instru t'nn and doctrinal knowK
j edge; atid secondly, in connttiea where
tli Ueun.in Cai'iollc popu'.iti.;!! was larg"',
j tliot.gh in a minoriij-, other tens of thoud-
I amis were Is.fi without secular education,
bicaurje their parents would not permit
theia to be brought up in habits of indif
fercn'ism, which means practical iidideli-
I . ' . Tw .
tv nr fi'Mir.i 1:1 L r. 1 1 v lt ! hi,, ti't. 1t
n,lr re!'?,uus ts"15'- 1 s,.e
; ls Jl,e very embodiment and representative
ot l'rotcstant Europe, soon came to the
j cotalusion that tins would not do that
; education must bo Christian that it must
u jal.lrillHi an l conducive to religious
i P' Alices ii.ai, as an eoum uoi or woum
not believe alike, each should have full
opportutiity to bo retired in his own faith,
to learn its doctrines nud to fulfil its duties
and discipline and, therefore, that eti-
i lightened government established the .do-
i nominalional svstem, giving to each creed
j 10 luc SVcrnmeni oniy a general super-
vision ; so a3 to fcccure a faithful applica-
... .
tion of the public money, and to enforce a
proper compliance with the educational
i standard. 1 he nublie schools are or;ui-
i iz.d w thafevcry chiz-n shall obtairTllic
Complete ed
ucation of his child, in the
faith and practice of his own Church. All
difficulties have disappeared, and perfect
1 harmony prevails.
! In France, bv t ho last census, the popu
lation was thirty-seven millions, divided
about as follows : 480,000 Calvinists,
2o7,J00 Lutherans, 30,000 of other I'ro
teatart Beets, and 73.000 Jews ; the
remaining thirty-six millions being either
practically or nominally Catholic3. Al
though the dissenters from the national
faith are less than one million, that Gov
e.nment has provided for them, at the
' pu!dic expense, separate primary schools.
,.1. c.w.i ta of r nil nt-i., . u
its own doctrines. There are likewise
thne seminaries for the higher education
of Lutherans and Calvinists.
Austria also supports schools, colleges
an ! universities for a l'rotestaut minori'y.
The British Government has likewise
dist.or.ters of England ; while with her
traditional and malignant hatred of the
ir,;u neopIe. she slill denies thorn the
iuicpwh ch .he extends to all of her other
J . . , - ,KW.h.n.na ..v
''J' l ho,ne or m the Colonies, even
U) ,1,e HiroW rtn(I Mohammedans ol her
Indian Empire 1
I ijlllil'l UJC UUUIll r.tlK'UI illli4, it:se!i!g 1
"And thus, the most powerful nnd
enlightened naticuia have decided that
Christian civilization cannot be maintained
upon pagan ideas ; and that the eafety of
every commonwealth depends upon the
Christian education of the people. They
have also clearly seen that doctrines disci
pi nf, morals, and ''the relij)'oii3 atmos
2Jn;" must be kept united, and made lo
penetrate and surround the school at all
times ; and that, however greatly the
Christian denominations may thti'er from
each other, or err even in their belief, it i
far better for society that their youth
should t? instructed in some form of
Christian duett ine, than be left to perish
in the dreary nnd soul-destrojing wastes
f deism. Experience has proved to them
that moral teaching, with Biblical illus
t rat ions, as the piety tf Joseph, the
heroism of Judith, the penitence of David,
will not suliice to establish the Christian
faith in dting hearts, or to quiet the
doubts of inquiring minds. The subtle
Gibbon, muck inn the cross of Christ, will
confionl the testimony of the maityrs with
the heroes of pagan history. Voltaire did
the s-ime for the French youth of the last
century, to their destruction. No. The
experience of wise governments is this:
that Wjvs must be based upon jaith, and
faith mado efficient in deeds ot practical
virtue ; for, faith woiketh by charity,
And smother experience is this, which is
best given in the very words of the
n.-i.t l'..istat.t states-man and historian,
M. C tiizol :
'In order to make popular education
truly guid and socially useful, it must, he
fundamentally religious. I do rot simply
mean 1 y this, that religious instruction
1 should h"M its place in popular cdncation
ana thru the practices ol rekgi.m shoul 1 en
ter into it ; for a nation is not religiously
educated by fucli petty and mechanical
devices; it is necessary that national edn-cati-.n
should ho given and r-ceivc-d in the
midst of a re'.igi; us atmosphere, and. that
ltligioiis frriprestd-ais arid religious observ
ances should penetrate, into all its parts.
Rt-Iigion is not a study or an exercise to be
rc.-tt k-te 1 to a certain place and a certain
hour; it is a faith and a law, which ought
to be felt, everv where, and which after this
manner alone can exoicisn all its beneficial
influence upon our miuds and our lives.' "
-rS li n'i'-tiiiniT r C -h ig tl.lt Tw.t f
a a...- iw - 1 . J . . ...... -'. ..
1 moment of the hours ef school should bo
j left without the religious infl'icnce. It is
I the constant inhalation of the air which
preserves our physical vitality. It is the
I 'religious atmosphere' which supports the
j young soul. Religion cannot be made 'a
study or an exercise to be restricted to a
: cei lain place and a certain hour.' It will
not do to devote six days in the week to
'f science, and to depend upon the Sunday
j school for the religious training of the
i child. M. (julzol is right. The enlight
, cried governments t f Europe have accepted
bis wisdom and reduced it to practice in
tiitir great national school system.
j "Now, the Catholics of the United
i States have said no more than that ; have
j asked no more than that ; and yet, a wild
i cry or anger has been raised against ihem,
j at li;nc, as though they were the avowed
, enemies of all popular education. They
pay their full qoota of the public taxes
! which create tho school-fund, and yet they
: possess, to-day, in proportion to llieir
I wealth and numb.-rs, more parochial
! schools, seminaries, academies, colleges,
and universities, established and sustained
exclusively by their own private resources,
j than any other donoiniiiaiion of Christians
i in this country! Cei t.iiuh', this is no
j evidence of hostiliiy to cdncation ! And,
j why have they mado these wonderful
; eflbrts, these imp: ccedented sacrifices?
It is bceaucc they believe in (he truth
uttered by M. Goizot. It is because they
j believe in the truth established by all his
: tory. It is because they believe in the
j truth accepted and acted upon by the en
j lightened men and governments of this
RfLz' it isnvcause iney Know mat reveatcu
religion is to human science what Eternity
is to Time. Ii is because thev know that
the salvation of souls is more precious to
Chr ist than the knowledge 4 astronomers
It is because they know that the welfare
cf nations is impossible without God.
And yet, ihey fully understand how reli
gion lias called science to her sido as an
! honored handmaid ; how learning, chae
! tcned by humanity, conduces to Christian
advancement ; bow the knowledge of good
and evil (the fruit cf the forbidden tree)
I may yet be made to honor God, when the
' sanctified soul rejects the evil and embra
ces the good- Therefore the Catholic
people desire denominational education, as
it is called."
Or.D SrAMr? Our readers have doubt
less often wondered what became of the
canceled postage stamps, and why, not
long since, so many persons were anxious
to colh ct them. Many of these collectors
unquestionably bored their friends for
stamps merely because they desired to see
how large a number it was possible to ac
cumulate ; but it now turns out that not
a few did so for the purpose of carrying
out their money getting tendencies, China
having suddenly become a maiket for
these novel wares, if so they may be term
ed. It appears the Chinese have contract
ed the passion of covering their umbrellas,
room, and houses with old stamps, and
they buy them by thousands and millions.
One foreign mission, which has a station
in the East Indies, eollects these stamps
and sells them at about seventy-five cents
per thousand, and for the money so ac
quired the mission educates such children
as have been either exposed or sold as
slaves by their unnatural parents.
CURIOSITIES OF ICE.
In 1850, eays the Newark Journal,
Mr. Farraday discovtrared that two pieces
of ice placed in contact froze together al
most instantly. Mr. Tyndall says:
"One hot summer day I entered a shop
on the Strand On the window frag
ments of ice were lying in a basin. The
tradesman gave mo permission lo take the
pieces of ice in my hand. Holding the
first piece, I attached ail the other pieces
in the basin to it. The thermometer
was then nlnv sixty degrees, and yet all
the pieces were frozen together." In this
way Mr. Tyndall formed a chain of ice.
This experiment may be made even in
hot water. Throw two pieces cf ice in
a pail full of almost boiling water, keep
them in contact, and they will freeze to
gether despite the high temperature. Mr.
Farraday made another experiment of the
same sort. He threw ir.to a vessel full
of water several small pieces of ice.
They floated on the face of the water.
The moment one piece touched another
there was an instantaneous refreezinj.
Attraction soon brought all the pieces in
contact, so that in an instant an ice chain
was formed.
An ice wheel turning, on a surface of
ice refreczes the point of contact. Dur
ing the rotas ion a series of cracks are
heard, which show the ear that successive
refreezing is constantly taking place.
The phenomenon of refreezing is easily
explained. At the surface of a piece of
ice the atoms, which are no longer in
equilibrium on the outside, tend to leave
their neighbors, as happens in boiling or
evaporation. Melting ensues. Hut if
tbeie are two pieces of ice brought to"eth
er, the atoms on the the surface are re- j Paul ll,at Adam went on naming his de
stoied to their equilibrium, the attractive ' scendents until he ran out of names, and
action becomes what it was, the atoms
resume their relations vviih their neighbors,
and juxtaposition ensues. In consequence
of this property, ice is endowed with
plasticity. A rope and a knot or a buckle
may be ma le of ice. It may be mould
ed. Tho schoolboy who fills his hands
with snow and compresses it into a ball
produces the phenomenon of refreezing,
and forms an ice-ball suilioently hard to
1 prove a dangerous projectile!
Ibis explains the extraordinary rigidi
ty of the bridges of snow which are often
seen in the Alps suspended over deep
crcvisses. The Alpine guides by cau
tiously walking on those snowy masses
freeze the particles together and trans
form the snow into ice. If snow be com
pressed into m tulds ice statuettes may be
obtained. Fill a hollow ball with snow,
pressed in a3 hard as possible, and you
may obtain ice balls admirably translucid.
Nothing would be easier than to dine
with a service made of moulded snow
plates, glasses, decanters, all of snow.
A gentleman of Paris recently served
shetry wine (o his friends before a hot
fire in breakers of snov. Snow com
pressed in this way does not melt so rap
i lly j s might I e thought. Ite r( quires a
great deal of beat before it. melts. A
layer of ice often becomes a protection
against cold. If you prevent anything
from sinking to a temperature below
thirty-two degrees tluring the very severe
froets, we know you have but to wrap it
in wet rags.
The process of freezing gives to the cn
v inning bodice all the heat necessary to
destroy it. The water in the rags, slow
ly forms small pieces of ice on the rags,
and in the meantime disengages heat,
which warms tiie object wrapped in the
rags.
A tree wrapped in rags, or in moss
saturated with water, docs not freeze
even when the thermometer is several de
grees below the point. The slowntss
with which ice melts is well known.
During the winter of 1710 tho C built
ar !L llfcrsburg a magnificent palace of
ice, which lasted several years. Since
then cannons have been made of ice, and
they have been loaded with bails and
fired. They were fired ten times widiout
bursting. It is consequently indisputable
that ice melts slowly, and may be turned
to good account in the Poh; regions
In Siberia the windows have panes of ice.
The remarkable property with which par
ticles of ico are endowed of moulding
themselves into different shapes by re
freezing, easily explains how glaciers
make their way through narrow gorges
and expand in vallejs. The ice is broken
into fragments which refrecza whenever
they touch.
Professor Tyndall says: "When two
pieces cf ice at the melting temper
ature are placed in contact with each
other they freeze together, and even
when two pieces lloating on water touch
each other they freeze together. To this
freezing together the term regelntion has
been applied. It is by pressure and reg
elation that glaciers are formed ; the
snows granules, when powerfully squeez
ed together, regelate, and form a coherent
mass. Il is by this property that a
glacier accommodates itself to the valley
which it fills. Wo can thus out of small
fragments form a sphere of ice ; out of
the sphere we can form a lens ; out of
the lens a cup. Two ice-cups, placed
edge to edge, freeze together and form a
hollow sphere- In these cases the ice is
first crushed and then regelated ; but
! when the passage is very gradual the
j charge is gradual, and the ice behaves
like sou wax it can be moulded into
any form. Rings, vases, statuetts, can
be thus made of ice, and these once pro
duced may be turned to the following
practical use: Pour plas.ter of Paris into
a vessel, place on it an object moulded m
ice ; then pour plaster over ibe ice The
plaster will "set" around it, and the ice
may be melted, and the space it occupied
left. Thus in the simplest way we may
obtain perfect plaster moulds, from which
metal castings can be taken."
This process is very much like a very
old one used by eculptors to cast the
bronze ; they made the model in clay,
coated with wax of the thickness intend
ed for the bronze ; then coated outsido
with clay, or other moulding material.
When dry, the mould was heated gently
and baked, the wax run out or was ex
pelled as gas in the Wkin;, and the cavis
ly was lelt in a proper state to receive
the bronze.
Mark Twain on Kcw England
Town rVauies.
Don't direct any more letters to me at
Hartford until I find out which llartford
I live in. They mix such things here in
New England. 1 think I am in Hartford
proper, but no man may hope to be cer
tain; Because right here in one nest we
have Hartford and Old Hartford, and
New Hartford and West Hartford, and
East Hartford, and Hartford on the Hill,
and Ilartford-aroutid-generally. It is the
strangest thing this paucity of names in
Yankee land. Yoti find that it is not a
matter confined to Hartford, but it is a
distemper that tdTHcts all New England.
They get a name that suits them, and
then hitch distinguishing handles to it
and bang them cn all the villages round
about. It reminds me cf a man who
men saiu, gravciy, "iet tne rest be
call
ed Smith." Down there at New Haven
they have Old Haven, West Haven,
South Haven, West-by-sou'-West Haven
and E ist-by nor'-east-ha'.f-east Haven,
and the oldest man in the world can't tell
which one of them Yale College is in.
The boys in New England are 6mart,
but after they have learned every thing
the, they have to devote a couple of years
to the geography of New Haven before
they can enler college, and then half of
them can't do it till they go to sea a voy
age and learn how to box the compass
This is the reason why there are so many
mote New England sailors than anv
oilier. Some of ihem spend their whole
lives in whaling service trying to fit them
selves for college. This class of people have
colonized the city of New Ued.'ord, Mass.
It is well known that nine-tenths of the
old salts there became old salts just in
this way. Their lives are a failure
they have lived in vain they have never
been able to get the bang of the New Ha
ven geography. In this connection they
tell a story of a stranger who was coming
up the Connecticut river, and was. trying
his best to sleep ; but every now and then
the boat would stop and man would
f ut his bead into the room. First he p;U!g
out "Ilsddaml" and then "East Had
dam!" and then "Handam's Neck!"
and then "North Haddam !" and then
"Great Iladdam !" "Little Haddam!"
"Old Haddam!" "New Iladdam!"
"Irish Haddam!" "Dutch Haddam!"
"Haddam-Iladdam !" and then the stran
ger jumps out of bed all excited and says :
,4I am a Methodist preacher, full of grace
and foity years in service, without guile ;
I'm a meek and lowly Christian, but
d n these Haddams I wish the devil
bad 'cm, I say !"
A Lt(ji:D of a Pousti Salt Mine.
In the last number of Put man's Mugizm
there is a description of a Polish salt mine,
and of a little chapel far down in the earth,
concerning which the fnll.-vn account is
given : It is devoted to ihe memory cf
lha pious wife of one of Poland's early
Kings, to whom Heaven vouchsafed in
1852, the boon of bestowing the knowl
edge of the wondrous treasures on her im
poverished subjects. She was far olF in
Hungary, the legend says, and hearing
tl.ere of the sufferings of her native land,
she v-as ordered by her patron saint, to
cast a precious ring, which she most val
ued of all her trinkets, into a deep well.
She did il in simple faith, and, when she
returned to her home at the foot of the
Carpathan Mountains, some peasants gave
her a piece of rock salt, believing it to be
a costly jewel. It was of no value in it
self, but, oh wonder ! in the heart of the
transparent mass her ring lay imbedded.
She Understood the revelation from on high
ordered Eearch to be made for more of
the shining substance, and thus were dis
covered the great mines of Wieliczka,
which has ever since been a source of
greater wealth than the richest mines of
gold or ci imt n Is.
Tna son of Joshua Sears, of Boston. 14
yoars of age, is 'hs richest boy in the Uni
ted States. His lather died ten years ago,
leaving property valued at $1,000,000, pro
viding in his will that his son should have
$2300 annually until attaining the age of
21 ; the sum of $30,000 at that period ;
$1000 annually until he had passed the age
of 24; SG00O annually until he had passed
the age of 30 ; aud $20,000 per annum
after that time. The property remains in
the hands of three trustees, and the princi
pal has now reached the sura of $3,300,000.
The trustees have a salary of $o000 each,
and the commissions received from the col
lections of rents amount to a sum equal to
the salary of the President of the United
States. Young Seaxa ia now in Europe, be
inj educated.
TIic Tai ContrtIis!ur' a Farm.
The "Fat Contributor" Lt been in
CenT.il Jsew York, loo'iing after a farm
he has there. He is much interested ia
ngriculture intends to fulio-v it w hen he
ietires from public life. lie writes as
follows :
Westmorelakd, Oneida Co., N. Y.
Editor Times : I am djep in aii't.lture
at pr-eeut, and charmed wiih everything in
if. The daiiy labors of my hired Ti-n ara
giving a vigor to my frame that 1 have D-t
known for years, bronzing my lire vviih tLs
ruddy hue t.f healthful toil- After observ
ing him from my window f.r a c-'Vu of
hours as he f illowa the plow, it is a;.- rush
ing what an appetite I have j" r mv dinner.
I attended a meeting of ti e "Fat men,'
Ciub," the other day, and wjs ran h inter
ested in the suggestions c fiend. Tre ia
no formilify a!nut these inee'ti-gs. every
one being at liberty to present sr. el. UcU
and suggestions as he pVr.--.-5.
This being the planner's se.isor, discis
sions naturally lay in that rV.rcction. II- w
to keep worms away from corn was a prom
inent theme. II. O Handle, of Heiisotn.
strongly recommended t1: if tl: e sc-ed ot the
corn be soaked in veimifuge. which is eaid
to Vie a good thing to drive a'.ay worms.
Kurcel O'Korn, of SVi'iAs'a F. n-h. sid ha
usually stuffed the worms wih worm loz
enges (1 f which they a-e p.u -ion-ite'v fonri)
while the corn is growing. GniiUio,, rrf.ti
tude keeps them from eating the crn slier
that.
The grub-worm w.13 t-.hen rej nnd dis
cussed. Some one said &) en ..-.;id :ix hi.'.i.
Luke Ooan, of West mortis-, d, M'id !n grubs
on his farm like ashes t i'-.t on thfru.
lie said he put ashes ewry lnii of hi
corn in a ten acre fld f jr. Ti.e g.ub
vent at the ashes and devoured it nearly as
they could put it on. Thr.t night w
awaken by a loud knocking at the door ar.d
groat hallooing. It was the gtuls. They
had corr.e up to the lioti-e in a body de
manding more ahes.
A farmer wanted to know the Vfrt pro
tection against crow. Scarecrows are f
no avail now, he said. S". fashion in
scribes tuch outrageous r-.ttirc- f ir men anj
women, scare crow are t o con im ':. One
man said he kept cariron iu a Eei i t:it:.g
his cornfield for where tie c.rrion is,
there vid the crows be a'.-o. Ho oidv
trouble is, it makes the c.iiois cany oa
about it.
There was considerable d'sensi'.n fls to
the best time to put crn in. s m.e thn .ht
it should be put in ia-e at idg!:t ; L;.t ii
finally settled that eleven o'cl -ek i" i 3
forenoon was tho proper r'me. It be:
about the hour, the club adjiurrcl to a
grocery across the sticct an : put ij tiitir
"corn."'
srr'nS . gardening was dvr uss'- I at soiue
length. farmer from Utiea th -e.ht it
would be letter to do spring pardon-ag it
the fall, when they weren't dr-..i e 'l'!e
President f the club was reqnp.--red to c t
his views about the j rj cr way to make t ed-;.
He said it was soiret1 rig thf he r'v'n';,
worry al-out ; he bad t:.e cLamberwu.d
make the beds.
The various kinds of attnt rnk"s v.-rre p.!
so commented upon. Fan f r rvi, !
had lost an arm in the serviv. said j.t raked
his garden with '"grape aid ennir."
Farmer Jousbtersly was of the .j ir.ion t'rj.-.t
four aces would "rake 'er :. va" f ry
time. Somebody recommer iVd m-ind-nk.-..
A communication was rend des;red t.i
show that a Wheeler & Wiion i-eir r:a
chine was ti e bet thiog to to " wLtM
with. A-hem.
The di.-eases of cattle was a st:1 ', cl cf
discussion. For horn ail -1 it v ; ; "recom
mended to fill the born wh g,;.;A.,.j,.r
and touch it off. Faimer Hm- II ; he i
used it for that purpose in his ,. i. .u.J h,
hadn't heard any complaint -i-.-. It
said he bad rather have a horn ( f) je La..
self than see ids c.nttie suti-T with
Iron is said to be an txeeiient tor. Is for
cows. Dairymen use a great dcii ot it
whm they have chain pump.-.
Iu trimminz trees it wn !iy-.t - bst to
consult an experienced firef-rn.isir. Ires.,
makers are posted in t he Spring fijles of
trimming. S uae pc-.j.'e w-. uh'.tt" kiv.w
afty better tl.au to put iile.c t;ir, mi-it .n
cherry-trees, or cherry Innmms cn iil-c
bushes. So am I, bo.
Mr. DiuikuaLman. of LnirJ viilp, -iid ha
was not much at sell::g i.ut tre3, i.uf he
cou!.i out set anv fellow in !) id 1 c .
sitting up with tf o p!s.
,pr
An honest old farmer fr-w Vcnti i!r
1.
Jordon, compi.iir.iHl that the hirming com
munity were constantly btir. gu'lA by
worthless patent right. L'? t-.-A g it ins
hou-e full of patent charm, and his Kirn
full of patent f iks, a'l of ti. -.n v.-.-nhle-s.
A man sold him a churn tl .) ciher day
warranted to bring butter (I'-Pm ins
tance) in thirty s, cencis. lie wicked at it
three days aud nights, m 1 hen had to have
his butter brought from !:.-a I 7 th-j sf.e.
Farmer OVSpatlm. tf M-ur t.-i, maoa
similar complaint, lie suiil.ewus induc
ed, by promise of marriage, to bv.y 9 p U
ent lightning rod that -:s said to move,
husk corn, chop wid. fi2;r tie rr,i:.t,
ann draw cider all at the same tune. Ha
brought it home, but il hadn't, dor.- jdv
thing but sit around the hor.ss and ru.d
novels ever since.
Clark potter, of Mary, h id br.u-' t a ,nn
shelter, warran'ed to take . 1 corns and H:n
ions. It took them cfl u'ovuf haifa mile
and then brought them back again. Uoin
shellation in that.
Club adjourned to to'c- r.ext wek at two
o'clock. Fat CoNTwtiiCTOR,
"How Mccrt. Harm ?'" A clerk in a
dry goods store retired one niuht, having
for his bed-fellow an arqu i:nance d.uing;
back to school days. Our ii fo'iuani s!ej,t
in the Dext room adjoining, the door . f
which was partly orn. In tbi- 1.. ;.." of
the night he says he was awakeo-ai ftou
sleep by healing the clerk in a !..'! ! t-.ii2 cf
voice exchum, "How mary vei'.i 1 yu
say you wanted, raarm ? Throe jards
enough ?" and the next th'n 1- heard a
tearing noise, and the bed-fe! ': f the clerk
shouted out, "What are you i!.on?? Yr?u
have torn my shi:t from top to bottom!
The poor dreamer imagined bins'4' r in bfa
store waiting on a lady cut.kCQ.r, whu
wanted three yard tf calico.
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