2 CAMERON COUNTY PRESS. H. H. MULLIN, Ed,tor. Published Every Thursday. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. fer ysar W OJ \ pal* la advance 1 ADVERTISING RATES; Airsrttsements are published at the rate ot •me dul:ar per square for one insertlo.! and tlfty (#lll per square for each subsequent Insertion. Rates Ov the year, or for six or threo montha, low and uniform, and will be furnished on ttpUcat'on. Lefsl and omclal Advertising per square »iree times or less, i 2: eacu aubsequent inser tion to cetiin per square. Local notices to vents per line for one lnser sortlon; 5 ce-ats per, line for each subsequent •en-ecutlvo Insertion. Obituary notices over fire lines. 10 cents per line. Slu pie announcements of births, mar* i Ha*es and deaths will he Inserted free. Business cards, five lines or loss. *5 per year; ever five lines, at the regular rates of adver tising. No local Inserted for lesa than 75 cenla per lasua. JOB PRINTING. The Job department of the Pbbsb Is complete rfxd affords facilities for doins tho best class of Work. P AJtTICCLAII ATTHNIION PAIDTO LAW riUNTIMO. No paper will be discontinued until arrear afes are paid, except at the option of the pub- Usher. Papers sent out of the county must be paid tor in advance RESULT OF SCIENTIFIC FARMING. A forthcoming circular of the agri cultural department will contradict the prevailing impression that the fertility of the country is wearing out, but will show that, notwithstanding the abandonment of farming districts in the northeast, not only is there an increase in the total volume of crops, but an actual growth in the average yield per acre under cultivation, says the Mobile Register. This result is ob tained by restoring to the soil those elements and compounds needed and consumed by different crops. The well-informed farmer of the present day does not blindly send his plants out to grope for their food; but sees that it is supplied them In proper meas ure. Kecent discoveries in bacteriol ogy have greatly assisted the plant er, enabling him to obtain bacteria, with which the growing plant may be inoculated and by which the nitrogen of the air is iixed in form available for plant food and fed to the plant as required. A few cents per acre spent inoculating the plants comes back to the farmer in Increased yield of many dollars per acre. Pennsylvania is doing well in for estry and in tree conservation. The state commissioner reports nearly 1,000,000 acres in the reserve, to which additions are being made, and has much to say about the effective sys tem of replanting, cultivation and general safeguarding. Replanting is a ' very important part of the work. Many millions of young trees have been planted, and with the appropria tion available it is hoped to add not less than 9,000,000 this year, while the ultimate number is expected to be 20,- 000,000 annually. An excellent insti tution is a state forestry academy, in which young men are trained for the forestry service. All this is Indica tive of active and intelligent super vision. Pennsylvania is a state of hills and valleys, and denuding the crests of trees has wrought incalcu lable mischief, a fair specimen of which is furnished by the freshets which so often sweep down the Ohio and other streams, carrying havoc for many miles. Dislike of the cigarette has often been manifested by fathers, mothers and guardians, and sometimes figures in the disposition of legacies. Thus a young man named Acker, of Atlan tic Highlands, N. J., has been left $25,- 000 by his grandfather on condition that for the next 24 years Acker shall refrain from indulging in cigarettes or participating in dissipation. To get tho regular allowance under the will Acker must at stated periods make af fidavit that he has complied strictly with the terms. That ought to be a pretty fair tost of a young man's preference. The sum of $25,000 should be an acceptable offset to deprivation of cigarette smoking. The plan, announced from Boston, of solving the problem of illiterate and impecunious immigrants by edu cating them and getting them into profitable employment is undoubted ly a good one. and would be effective if it could be executed, says the New York Tribune. Hut how such work is to be done for the scores and hun dreds of thousands who come hither is another problem of appalling diffi culty. lioads like t hose proposed in Eng land, on which there would be no speed limits for motorists; would set tle the speed problem for good and all. Sensible persons would all use Ihe other road, and the speed maniacs ■would soon bring themselves to their Jit end. Tb« time-honored swindling schemes do not show much variety, but then they probably rely, with more or loss certainty of profit, on the fact that there are no special novel changes in human nature. Now is the time lor gazing at the shell-load of plckels, plums, peaches and other preserves and letting your self think bow good they will all taste this winter. FOR AN EMERGENCY PRESIDENT TAFT EXPLAINS POSI TION ON INCOME TAX. Declares Emphatically He Is Not in Favor of Its Imposition at Once, Though He Would Have States Indorse It. In the light of extensive and widely varying speculation regarding the at titude of President Taft toward the in come tax. it is gratifying to note that In his speech at Portland, Ore., he set forth his views with a directness which leaves no doubt as to where he stands. Following his discussion of the corporation tax. the president said: "I am not in favor of levying an in come tax such as that which was pro vided in the bill, in times of peace T' am not in favor of it because I think it will prove to be too inquisitorial as to individuals, and 1 think it will be found also that it puts a premium on perjury, so that the .gentlemen whom, you are especially after when you levy an income tax will escape, and only those which are too conscientious will pay more than their share. In-times of dire need it is necessary that it (the government) should use such a tax. objectionable as it is in certain of Its features, and, therefore, 1 hope it will pass the states." The president's declaration must set at rest the allegations that he favors the imposition of an income tax at once, if the constitutionality of such a measure shall have been confirmed by the adoption by three-fourths of the states of the amendment submitted by the present congress. The president's self-defined position does, however, raise a decidedly in teresting question. If, as he hopes, the federal government is authorized to impose an income tax, how long will it be before it is compelled to do so? Mr. Taft believes tlie federal gov ernment should enjoy the right to im pose such a tax in emergencies. On the other hand, he would regard the exercise of that right under normal conditions as bad because, as he ex plains, it would put a premium on perjury and would probably prove im possible of equitable assessment. And yet the strength of the advocacy of an income tax as a normal method of raising revnue was clearly demon strated in the session of congress re cently adjourned. So great was that strength that at one time a majority of the senate was committed to it and. while there were no figures available, the leaders clearly appreciated that if the house had an opportunity to vote on the question it would adopt the tax by a large majority. The actual adop tion of the tax was prevented only by the influence which the president him self exerted to secure the enactment of the corporation tax as a substitute, a part of which influence consisted of the argument that to re-enact an in come tax without the authority of a constitutional amendment would con stitute an affront offered by the legis lative to the judicial branch of the government. The adoption of the con stitutional amendment would, of course, destroy the force of that argu ment and thus detract materially from the president's influence to prevent the imposition of an income tax. while the action of three-fourths of all the states in conferring 011 the federal government the power to impose such a tax would inevitably strengthen the position of those who favor it. Progress in the Merit oystem. When compulsory civil service re form laws were first introduced they needed to be guarded from abuses by certain strict provisions. In making examinations the test for appoint ments and in eliminating elasticity from the system, no one could say an ideal method of appointment was be ing established, but only that a great Improvement was being made over old methods and that the very inelas ticity was necessary in order to give the new system a lair start in the struggle lor existence. Now, after ten or fifteen or twenty years ol experience, the time has tome when the rigid barriers may to some extent be relaxed. The old spoilsmen enemies of the merit sys tem naturally sneer at the change, but. nevertheless, what is happening I Is strictly logical and marks distinct advance. It it has become pos;lble to I facilitate the discharge of incompe tent employes without too much red tape, that is one gain. If, as has just I happened in New York state, a reduc j tion in the weight given to formal ex- I aminations can be made all ahfcig the line and a corresponding increase I made in the weight given to experi ! ence as judged by the appointing j power that is another gain. At the I start such provisions would have been sources ot weakness, not of strength. In New Vork state ,he development hf\s gone to a point at wnich the civil service commissioners, instead of con cealing information in a way still known to occur in some places, are giving it the largest publicity. At this year's state lair a large civil service exhibit is to be installed. If will con tain statistics of positions and of past examinations, maps, chaiinforma tion pamphlets and everything possl ble toward acquainting young men who might consider entering the state's service with what steps they must take to that end. As providing an agency lor "peopieizing" the civil service, ihe idea Is not a bad one. Can't Beat Him. You can't beat him, anyhow. Col j Bryan is about to celebrate his silver I wodding.—New York livening Tele grara. CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 4, IW EFFECT OF TARIFF ON PRICES Impossibility That Reduction of Duties Should Result in Immediate Price Reductions. Tariff reformers need frequently to be reminded that the tariff is only one of many things that influence the prices of commodities. By harping too much upon the effect of duties as a tax on the consumer, they give rise to the expectation that a reduction of duties must be Immediately followed by a reduction of price—an expecta tion very often disappointed. There can be no doubt that the duty upon hides increased the cost of im ported hides, and allowed a correspond ing addition to the price of domestic hides. The removal of the duty was thus an advantage to the American tanner. Other things being equal, it would reduce the cost of American leather, and the import duty upon leather being also reduced, there is an enlarged opportunity for competition, which might be expected to reduce the price. Thus far the reasoning is clear. Rut suppose the demand for leather to In crease more rapidly than the produc tion, and the demand for '-ides more rapidly than the supply. The price could not be raised as fast or as far as under the protection of high duties, but it does not follow that it would not be raised at all. If it is true, as Is asserted and as appears probable, that the revival of all kinds of industry has created a greatly enlarged demand for leather In all forms, even beyond the general ratio of increase, it is evident that we have influences to consider to which the tariff can be only secondary. The uses of leather have increased enormously of late years and In many fields. Even the automobile is said to have made an appreciable difference. People are wearing American shoes all over the world who never wore shoes before. It may safely be con cluded that if the duties on hides and leather had not been reduced, all prices would have been raised to the highest possible figures. The "re vision" has checked an artificial ad vance. It is also demonstrated that the reduced duties are more than ade quate for all desirable protection. Judge Gaynor's Pose. Judge Gaynor. the Tammany candi date for mayor of New York, is con ducting one of the freakiest cam paigns iu the whole history of queer streak politics. He is the willing nominee of the Tammany organiza tion, but continues to harangue against municipal corruption and 'o discourse in general upon the exceed ing sinfulness of all the arts and methods by which Tammany has been accustomed to win elections and to thrive upon the boundless opportuni- r graft that have followed the_ various winnings. He is the nominee of an organization that has made po litical crookedness a science, but con tinues to point with pride to "my Ufa record and my life work for good gov ernment and to destroy low and cor rupt government" without an appar ent touch of embarrassment at the ridiculous pose in which he is placed. A candidate of Tammany hall preach ing reform in politics is somewhat in the same classification of that notori ousin dividual who upon occasion and to subserve his own ends is supposed to rebuke sin, The Tammany candidate has even made the spectacular play of sending back money which was forwarded to him for campaign purposes. Possibly that SI,OOO check which a Brooklyn merchant sent directly to the judge through the mail was for the very pur pose of giving him an opportunity to write a letter declaring "I have de cided not to use a dollar in this elec tion." Even in the primary which re sulted in the nomination of Justice Gaynor, Tammany influences were ac cused by several of the New York dai lies with having stuffed the ballot boxes to assure the election of cer tain convention delegates And to think that the candidate of an organi zation that could resort to such meth ods i.s opposed to the using of a dollar to notnote his candidacy! Gotham must be growing pretty solemn if it is not touched by the gayeiy of such a situation. Taft's Antipodal Critics. Taft is the type of statesman who incurs criticism from both the oppo site extremes of opinion. lie is too conservative for the radi cals, and too progressive for the ultra conservatives. He may lie defined as a progressive conservative. He Is the man who thinks hard before speaking: looks before leaping; and wants to be reasonably sure he is right before go ing ahead. He is a reasonable man. He is cap able of compromise - the essence, ts j Burke says, of statesmanship. He be lieves in progress, but he steei'3 by settled principles; and he knows when to shorten sail It is because of such traits of tem perament and training that the bulk of our people regard him as the ideal man for the presidency at the pres i ent time, when "slow speed ahead" is I the needed word in legislation. The business world, big business I and little, employers and employed, I breathed a sigh of relief when he was j elected. The labor world felt that I while there might under him be less | vociferous lip service to the "square j deal." there would be more of the J real article all around. It had diseov j ered that while threatening and alarm ing capital might be good fun for the ! gallery. It was death lor work and j wages.— Milwaukee Sentinel. Mr. liryan is at present engaged pay $700,- fioo for cars burned during the big . railroad strike of 1890. The western section of the Northern Illinois Teachers' association met in Galena, 111., with Cyrus Grove of Free port presiding. Fifty thousand people greeted Presi dent Taft upon his arrival at. Cairo, 111., during his trin down the Missis sippi. Rumors are in circulation at Chica go that final steps looking to a gigantic merger of the various Hawley and allied lines into one compact rail road system have been consummated According to the new minister of war Spain has decided not to push further tho Moroccan campaign. The McConnick Theological semtn iry at Chicago celebrated the eightl 3th anniversary of its founding, cmi •u-nt theological educators and divines from many cities taking part in the ceremonies. The honorary commercial commis sioners of Japan and their suites ar rived in Washington and visited Po tomoe drive, along which will be plant ad 2,000 cherry trees which the em peror of Japan has presented to the government. John D. Rockefeller has given a mil lion dollars to aid in the extermina tion of the disease of "book worm," ar "lazy disease" germ in the south am states. He intrusts the expendi ture to a commission of 12, including his son and noted scientists. The federal court of appeals has re fused to grant the petition of the gov ernment that. John It. Walsh be placed in prison pending the appeal of his case to the supreme court of the Uni ted States, thus giving the banker a year's liberty at least. Mrs. Chapin, a suffragette, in at tempting lo destroy the ballots at an election in London, broke a bottle of acid over the ballot box as a protest against the exclusion