I T® I tltcmch ELECTRICAL WATER STILL Device Invented for Distilling Water That Has Capacity of One Gallon Per Hour. One of the latest applications of electric current In the laboratory is the water still. This device has a ca pacity of one gallon of distilled water per hour and operates on 110 or 220 volt direct or alternating current. The device consists of a resistance element, superimposed on which is a very shallow retort properly insulated, so as to use up all the heat energy ob tainable. The dome and the inside of the retort throughout are block tin lined. Surrounding the retort is a con densing trough into which cold water is allowed to run. The condensing tube leading from the retort is im mersed in this trough, and has suffi cient fall to deliver the distilled water rapidly. The water supply is allowed to come in at the bottom of the trough, and absorbs the lier.t from the conden sing tube; the upper layer of water, therefore, being warm, is utilized for tilling the retort, the excess being al- Water Distilled by Electricity. lowed togo to waste. In this manner the water is preheated, and 98 p&T| cent, of energy of the still is utilized. Increased Use of Electricity. The rapidly-increasing use of elec tric power is remarkably illustrated by the report of the United States bureau of census upon street and other electric railroads, recently issued for 1907. It shows 4,714 establishments, as compared with 3,620 at the end of 1902, an increase of 30 per cent., of which 1,252 are municipal, the latter having increased by 53.6 per cent. The total mileage of main line is 25,547, compared with 16,651 in 1902, an in crease of 53.4 per cent.; and the passen gers carried total 9,533',080,766, an in crease of 63.3 per cent. The fact that the total output of stations, four and three-quarter billion kilowatt hours, has increased by the much larger per centage of 110.3, would indicate an in creasing sale of power for commercial and domestic purposes other than trac tion, while the total income of all plants having been more than doubled for an increase in plant cost of less than 100 per cent., is a tribute to the efficiency of both plant and manage ment, as well as to the flourishing state of the industry. High-Voltage Underground Wires. It is only in comparatively recent years that engineers have deemed it safe to carry electric currents of high potential or voltage in underground cables buried under the streets of cities. But nowadays systems of 9,000, 11,000, 13,200 or even 20,000 volts are employed with entire relia bility and safety. It is said that when local and commercial conditions justi- Ify, pressure as high as 25,000 volts can be used satisfactorily under ground, even for systems aggregating 100 miles of cable. But no single line of such a system should be longer than about 20 miles. On comparatively short lengths underground or under water, as a part of a long overhead transmission line, cables operating at 40,000 volts may be used. Cotter Pin Wire Terminals. Good connections on the end of wires for batteries can be made from cotter pins, Fig. 1, about one and one half inch lon,"' Each end of the wire is put through the eye of a cotter pin, twisted around itself and soldered. The connection and eye are then covered < :) r " r,. a " Arrangement of the Pins. with tape as shown in Pig. 2. When connecting to batteries, spread the pin and push the parts under the nut with one part, on each side of the binding post. When the nuts are tightened the connection will be better than with the bare wire. Electrical Rat Trap, This unique device for killing rats consists of four metal plates insulated from each other. To the first and third plates is connected a wire from one side of the ordinary lighting circuit. To the second and fourth plates runs a wire from the other side of the cir cuit. Thus adjoining plates are of op posite polarity and a rat stepping across from tn« to another is electro cuted. WIRELESS WITHOUT AERIAL Messages Now Received by Wirelcac Telegraph Without Use of Detonator in Air. Members of Popular Electricity Wireless club will no doubt be inter ested in knowing how to receive mes sages without the use of an aerial. The diagram shows one method that may fl 35 X Plan for Wireless. be employed. The parts of the system are as follows: (D)) is the detector, (B) the battery, (TR) the telephone re ceiver, (C) the condenser. A tun ing coil is connected between detector and ground. Connect a wire from one binding post of the detector to the battery, and from there to the telephone receiver. Prom the telephone receiver connect to the other binding poet of the detec tor. Now connect another wire fiom the condenser to the gas pipe in your cellar. It does not make any differ ence what kind of a detector you use. With this outfit you should be able to receive messages for a considerable distance. | ELECTRIC MEAT SAW. Butchers Cut Meat by Use of Saw That Is Propelled by Elec tricity. A meat saw which is operated by a motor and which is easily adjusted to the work in hand is shown in the cut. The saw, which is partially inclosed in a protective housing, is suspended by cords and weights from two wheels which run on an overhead track. An- Butcher's Meat Saw. other parallel track carries an electric motor from which depends a flexible shaft to turn the saw. The weights just about balance the saw and its housing so that the latter may be readily raised up out of the way when not in use. Aluminum Solder. One of the things inventors have been working on for a long time is to obtain an effective solder for joining aluminum. Lack of such a solder has been one of the drawbacks in the mort extensive use of aluminum in electrical work. A new compound for this purpose has been patented. It consists of 68 parts of tin, 29 parts of zinc, two parts of antimony and one part of phosphor us, by weight. These different com ponent parts are first thoroughly heat ed, separately to a liquid form, then thoroughly mixed and allowed to cool off and then used in the form of what is commonly known as bar solder. Removing Tools from a Barrel. While reaming out a hole in a bar rel the reamer slipped through on the inside. Several methods were applied to extract, the reamer from the bar rel, with failure. At last a simple de vice, and one easily prepared, was used with success. The device con sisted of a %-inch gaspipe of the proper length and a piece of steel wire. The wire was bent in the mid dle aud inserted through the gaspipe. The of the wire were bent in the shape sßown, and by moving the wire up and Mown through the pipe tho Jaws of tW wire will open and ok>8« CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, MAY 6, 1909. REASONS FOR SOURING MILK. Lactic Acid Bacteria Cause Milk to Sour; Introduced Into Fluid in Various Ways. Many of the lower plants find sugar a suitable food. In making use of thiß food, the sugar is chemically changed «nd in its place we find many new chemical compounds differ ing widely from the sugar from Which they originated. Some bac teria in this process form various kinds of acids and gases. Among these is a large group of closely re lated bacteria which cause the souring of milk by breaking up the milk sugar into lactic acid. On account of this peculiarity they are commonly called the lactic acid bacteria. Typical lactic acid bacteria do not form gas. They do not have spores and therefore are destroyed at a comparatively low tem perature. They are extremely widely distributed; and it is only under excep tional conditions that milk is obtained entirely free from them. They sel dom or never occur in the udder it self, but probably are introduced into / \ /*• • \ /•# ' A I--' * „-■ '/ v* * / V% * / N. * Typical Lactic Acid Bacteria. the milk with the hair, bits of feces, and dust that fall into the milk in the barn. Milk is an excellent medium for the growth of lactic acid bacteria, and un der favorable temperature conditions they multiply with astonishing rapid ity. Tlie acidity of the milk is so close ly connected with the life processes of this group of bacteria that it may be taken as a rough measure of their de velopment. The acid, as fast as it is formed, unites chemically with the casein, which exists as very fine par ticles suspended in the milk serum. When the acid reaches a certain per cent, the acid casein is precipitated and the milk is said to have "curdled" of "clabbered." This result may be hastened by heating. If milk or cream that is slightly sour is added to hot coffee, or is otherwise heated, it cur dles. Milk which has undergone a strict ly lactic acid fermentation has a firm curd, free from gas bubbles and with a small amount of whey on the sur face. When shaken the curd breaks up into small particles which settle slowly, leaving a clear whey. The milk should have a pleasant acid taste. So tar as is known, none of the products of the bacteria of this grouj) is of a poisonous nature. Some of the bacteria commonly classed with lactic acid bacteria form acids other than lactic, together with large quantities of gas. Milk curdled by bacteria of this class shows gas bubbles and has a disagreeable taste. The lactic acid bacteria not only are able to grow in an acid medium, but to a certain point the acid is a favorable influence. Many bacteria, however, find the acid detrimental to their de velopment and are not able to grow long in milk in competition with lac tic acid bacteria. When the milk be gins to taste sour the growth of nearly all nonacid-forming bacteria is checked. The activity of the lactic acid bacteria themselves is checked and finally ceases entirely when the acid reaches a certain concentration, which varies with different varieties! Consequently sour milk usually con tains a nearly pure culture of one or at most two or three closely related varieties of bacteria. While the lactic acid bacteria are considered very beneficial in butter and cheese making, they are undesir able bacteria from the standpoint of the milk dealer or consumer. It Is almost out of the question absolute ly to prevent their presence in milk, but the initial number may be much reduced by observing a few simple rules of cleanliness in handling the milk. Every precaution \*hi«h re duces the amount of dirt in milk re duces the number of bacteria corre spondingly. The important factors here are freedom from dust at time of milk ing, brushing the cows, wiping the ud ders, and small-mouthed milk pails. It is also of great importance to cool the milk as soon as possible after milking to below the temperature at which lactic acid bacteria grow 1 rapid ly. This temperature is controlled by practical conditions, such as the tem perature of the water available for cooling, but it should not. be higher than 00 degrees Fahrenheit. Breeding geese must not be fat. They should have corn in limited quantities only during cold weather, and then at night. Oats steeped in waim water makes a better feed. It should be fed in V-shaped troughs. Plenty of vegetable food, such as cal> bage, boiled potatoes and clover, should be supplied until the grass begins to grow and th® birds goto pasture. KEEPING PROFITABLE COWS. Many Kept in lowa That Do Not Pay for Their Feed and Care. A dairy authority In lowa asserts that there are hundreds and hundreds of rows kept for dairy purposes In lowa which do not yield sufficient to pay for the feed which they consume, for they consume as much feed as do the profitable ones and require as much time and care in milking. There was a time when the dairy cow was not expected to milk for more than six months In the year, but with the present high prices for labor and feed this condition of affairs caa no longer profitably exist. The lactation period should be at least nine months in length. The amount of milk a cow should produce to be profitable is variously stated at from 5,000 to 6,000 pounds annually, or sufficient to yield from 200 to 240 pounds of hutter fat. This should vary, of course, with the locality, price of labor, feed, etc. However, it is safe to say that a cow with reasonably good care, that does not produce the lesser of these amounts is not a profit able animal. Yet how large a percent age of so-called dairy cows will stand this test? In order to determine accurately a cow's usefulness as a dairy animal it is well to weigh one day's milk every week or ten days during the lactation period. At the same time a sample should be taken for testing. The time of freshening should also be noted in order to determine the length of the lactation period. The same authority asserts that it is a good plan to keep a book account with each cow, charging her with cost of feed consumed and labor expended, and credit her with value of milk and calf. In this way it will not be diffi cult to pick out the non-paying in dividuals. DAIRY NOTES. Hollow concrete blocks make an ideal silo that will not crack or the contents easily freeze. Machines for making silo concrete blocks may be purchased for about |2O. With the exception of where the very best cedar Is used, all wooden silos should often be painted inside and out in order to preserve the wood and to prevent leaking. For paint for this purpose, coal tar is about as good as any kind. It serves well for filling cracks and is also a good I>reservative. The question of the one purpose and the dual purpose dairy cow has almost ceased to be discussed by rational dairymen. "The difference between the dual purpose dairy cow and the dairy cow," says \V. D. Hoard of Wis consin, "is just the difference between a machine that is made for its pur pose and one that is not. What would you think of a man who would go out to cut grass with a sewing ma chine?" When every dairyman comes to own his own farm and comes to under stand the most economical use of skimmed milk and manure, dairying will become a profitable industry. 'I he skimmed milk and'manure com bined may be made to represent as much as the butter fat of the dairy. It is better to build two or three silos of narrow diameter than one of wide diameter. When silage is used for summer feeding it will keep bet ter with small top surface exposed. The power of production in a cow is inherited. If the cow is a good dairy animal by inheritance and is given good care and feed she will be come more productive as she increases in age. The quantity rather than the quality of her milk is iniluenced by feed. Partial Cow Ration. N'o one should attempt to run a steam engine that was driving a mod ern threshing outfit with but 30 pounds of steam. Yet many dairymen at tempt to get profitable results from their cows by feeding them a partial ration. They attempt to run them with but "30 pounds of steam." Chemists tell us that two-thirds of what a cow consumes goes to maintain her body. The remainder goes toward milk pro duction. It is evident to all that the profit must come from the feed over and above that which the cow requires for maintenance, and that the more she eats the greater will be the profit. There are many good cows in the country that are not recognized as such, and cannot be made profitable unless they receive more feed. There is no profltin feeding partial rations to milch cows. We cannot get profitable re sults running cows on "30 pounds of steam." If there is a food shortage, one might better feed full rations to half the number rather than feed the many on half rations. In the latter case there will be much work and little profit. In the former, the cows are sure to give profitable returns, and the labor of caring for the herd would be much lessened. Milk Re porter. Milk from Either Side. Cows are always milked from the off or right side because they have been taught that way. A cow can be milked from either side if she is brought up vight. but the lessons must begin at the earliest handling of the heifer. Milk first from one side and then the other, and in a short time the heifer will not mind. It often comes handy to milk from the left side and the cows should be trained to stand for it. The man who will make a pet of his cow will have no trouble and will get greater benefit at milking time than the one who treats her as a stranger tf not an enemy. WESTERN CANADA'S HAPPY PROSPECTS. In no year elnce the development of Western Canada began has spring brought a brighter outlook than It brings this year. In no preceding spring has there been greater assur ance of advancing development and prosperity. The movement of immi gration has already assumed large pro portions, and is as desirable in char acter as it Is satisfactory in volume; from across the Atlantic 6turdy, indus trious and thrifty newcomers are ar riving in large numbers, homeseekers from Ontario and the other older Provinces are coming In a steady stream, and from across the interna tional boundary a movement is al ready in full flow, which, it is confi dently predicted, will beat the records of all previous years; special settlers' trains are crossing the line, loaded with effects, actual material wealth being thus brought into the country at the rate of millions of dollars' worth monthly. The movement is so unprecedented ly largo that extra Dominion Immigra tion officials have had to be provided at both North Portal and at Emerson, and it is estimated that the total num ber of new settlers from the United States this year will be 70,000, at least, and may run well up toward 100,000. Last year's total of new set tlers from the South was 53,723; thus the area that will be placed In wheat and other grains this year will greatly exceed that of last year. Settlers are making extraordinary efforts to get on their lands and begin seeding opera tions. The price of wheat now, away above the dollar mark, is incentive enough, and when one has in view the splendid results that the past few years have shown, it is not to be won dered at that the present will be the banner year for Immigration to Can ada. Ask your nearest Canadian Gov ernment Agent for rates of transporta tion, and he will also send you illus trated pamphlets. Some men exercise as much imag ination on their own excellences that they have nothing left but judgment for the good in others. Garfield Tea has brought good health to thousands! Unequalled for constipation, liver and kidney diseases. Composed of llerbs. Buy fro.n your druggist. Of the 147,000,000 of Russia's pop ulation 100,000,000 are peasants. SICK HEADACHE 4% a r»— — Poslti vely cured by I. A RTFR .N Llitlc Pills. M They also relieve Dls- H ITTI F tress from Dyspepsia, In- TT •m . « digestion mid Too Hearty HI 1# [c Eatlnpr. A perfect rem- Bfl nil ■ A edy for Dizziness, Nan- Mr I LLtfa sea, Drowsiness, Bad Taste in tlic Mouth, Coat ' v. v *r ed Tongue, Pain in the 5555552 Iside, TOBPID LIVER. They regulate the Bowels. Purely Vegetable. SMALL PILL. SMALL DOSE. SMALL PRICE. PADTCDcI Genuine Must Bear uArtl Lno Fac-Simile Signature ■ITTLE * ■ KB ■EG_J REFUSE SUBSTITUTES. FOR OUT DO°R WORK IN THE WETTEST WEATHER 112 lOTHING EQUALS WATERPROOF ' 011/BD GARMENTS LOOK WELL-WEAR WELi ND Will NOT LEAK Ncawrs-*322.»322 SUITS *322 if" 30u> £VErrrwHtße CATALOS rjffS \ A. J .TOWEP CO. BOSTON, UAA. TOWER CANADIAN CO. UMITID -TORONTO, CAN. RIFE RAMS PUMP WATER day and night—no expense for powor, no attention needed-capacities up to 1,600 gallons a minute. ■H Vor llnme 87 «tr mi, Farm, Irrigation, Town Plants, AH I'nrpoaet water 30 feet for every —*foot fall. Low In cost, sat- Infactlon guaranteed. Write Mr for Free l'lans, Estimated, etc. IM RTF * CO.. £4lßTrinity Bldy., S»wTork THE GILLETTE SAFETY RAZOR U«ed by More Than Two Million Men NO STROPPING _ NO HONINO 111 TrilTM Wataoiß.r«>man,Wuh' r Bsl I r* RJ I inrton, D.C. Books free. Hlnh- I n ■ hll 1 V cut reference*, ileal results. Interesting Facts The only effective and reliable remedy known for Gout, Dyspep sia, Jaundice, Kidney and Blad der troubles, Constipation, Head ache, Biliousness and all disor der of the bowels is DR.D.JAYNE'S SANATIVE PILLS For several generations they bare been a household necessity for reliev ing and caring complaints of this kind. They are safe and sure in every in stance. As a laxative, purgative and cathartic they are unexcelled. ( Sold by druggists eMerywhtr* In \ 25c and lOc boxes 320 Acres °Yand at IN WESTERN CANADA WILL MAKE YOU RICH Fifty bushels per gjfl acre have been tJWR&kAX K rown - General averogegreaterthan Y* in any other part of tj the continent. Under " rrt " Ko ' Pa new regulations it la possible to secure a homestead of 160 acres free, and additional 160 acres at $3 per acre. The development of the country has made marvelous atrides. It is a revelntion, a rec ord of conquest by settlement that is remark able." — Erlrc. tfrom correspondence of a Ndtlontl editor, xoho visited CjrtjdA In A-jgust Ust. The grain crop of 1908 will net many farmers $20.00 to $25.00 per acre. Graln«| raising, mixed farming and dairying art the principal industries. Climate is excel* lent; social conditions the best; railway ad vantages unequalledjschools, churches and markets close at hand. Land may also be purchased from rail way and land companies.. For "Last Best West" pamphlets, maps and Information as to how to secure lowest rail way rotes, apply to Superintendent of Immi gration, Ottawa, Canada, or the authorized Canadian Government Agent: H. M. WILLIAMS."" Law Bulldlnd. Toledo. Ohio. TOILET ANTISEPTIC NOTHINC LIKE IT FOR TilF TCt'l'll Pa*tine excel* any dentifrice I alt ■ tt I n in cleansing, whitening and removing tartar from the teeth, betides destroying all germs of decay and disease which ordinary tooth preparations cannot do. TUP BSftl |TU P axl ' ne a * 8 m °uth- Int InUU I n wash disinfects the mouth and throat, purifies the breath, and kills the gcrma which collect in the mo uth, causing sore throat, bad teeth, bad breath, grippe, and much sickness. TUP CYCO when inflamed, tired, athe ■Ht 11 CO an d burn, may bo instantly relieved and strengthened by Paxtine. O ATASJHM Paxtine will destroy the germs (#M I Annn that cause catarrh, heal the in flammation and stop the discharge. It ia a tun remedy for uterine catarrh. Paxtine is a harmless yet powerful germicide,disinfectant and deodorizer, ten®- Used in bathing it destroys odors and leaves the body antiseptically clean. FOR SALE AT DRUG STORES,SOc. I iBW Mm' OR POSTPAID BY MAIL. I JvJ 09 LARGE SAMPLE FREE! InSi? THE PAXTON TOILET CO.. BOBTON, MAS*. Trade-mark Eliminates All f* l purchase of j paint material)). { feSwW 1 j It is an absolute MSjjtEgE^uSL guarantee of pur. ( ifiKMWffViS ity 411(1 [ wSfSj for your own I *" protection, see 1 that it is on the side of every keg of white lead . MTIOMI LEAD COMPiffT j Trinity BulKiwg, In Tort WHAT'S Your Health Worth? You start sickness by mistreating nature and it generally shows first in the bowels and liver. A IOC box (week'Streatment) of CASCARETS will help nature help yon. They will do more—using them regularly as you need them—than any medicine on Earth. Get a bo* today) take a CASCARET tonight. Better ml the morning. It's the result that makes millions take them. an CASCARRTS IOC a bo* for a week's < treatment, all druggists. Biggest teller In the world. Milfloa boxes a month. Minnesota School Land Sales In May, June and July, 1609. 300,000 acres wlU' be offered. (5.00 per acre and up, 15 percent' cash, balance 40 years at 4 per cent interact Big chance for men of moderate capital*' For particulars address S. C. IVERSON Stato Auditor, St. Paul, Minnesota ■irMoWe. and beautified I romotes * luxuriant growth. Never Fails to BestOr® Hair to its Youthful Color/ "•uro < oyesTuse! Thompson's Eye WateT W. N. U., CLEVELAND, O. 18-190®.' 7
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers