WHAT TO 00
WITH THE BUNCOS.
A WAY lot NI) Kill MAKI.nO FAFN
1)1 LL aill.uUFN BIUOHT.
How the Schools Tackle the Problem of
Dealing With Mental Defectives.
Success They Are Having. —Manual
Training Where Other Methods Fail.
"If is far more interesting work than
ordinary teaching," said Miss Elizabeth
Farrell to a N. Y. Sun reporter. Her
eyes wandered over the members of her
little class with an expression which
showed how truly fond of them she was.
"One feels that one is accomplishing re
sults worth while in making life for
these boys."
It was down in Public School 1 at
Henry and Oliver streets. N. V. The class
room was one in which carpenter's
benches mingled with the desks, where
pictures and growing* plants took the
place of maps and globes, and eases of
tools and kindergarten materials stood
about the walls. The pupils were typ
ical youngsters of the Fast Side, ranging
from 7 to 17 years old.
Scarcely four years ago when this class
was established under the direction of
Miss Farrell, it was looked upon as an
experiment. Now it is considered the
finest of a system of ungraded classes
which is attracting teachers from other
cities all over the country to New York
for study and observation.
Filtering upon a field entirely unex
plored here. Miss Farrell has worked out
methods which are now looked U|K»II as
models for all such classes. In summer
she has travelled through Orcat Britain,
under the direction of the Board of Edu
cation, to study and report upon the
methods of training mental defectives in
use there, where such work has been car
ried on in the public schools for more
than ten years.
With all her advance in educational
matters, America has been singularly
slow to acknowledge that she has other
i.ian bright young people under her wing.
Many countries abroad have long since
discovered that from 1 to 10 per cent, of
all school children were unable to bene
fit by ordinary instruction, and have set
aside schools 112. r their special education.
But only recently has it dawned upon
our educators that the percentage of such
children here was fully as large as that
of other lands. Investigation proved
that in New York city alone there were
some 5,000 little ones belonging t > this
class, whose parents could not, or would
not place them in institutions, and who
therefore fell under the care of the pub
lic school system.
Under ordinary conditions these
children were called stupid or feeble
minded, and to teach them was looked
upon as a hopeless task. After being nl
lowed to repeat their classes for a term
or two they were advanced, regardless of
their merits, until they became so dis
couraged that they dropped out of school
altogether, to the joy, and often with the
consent, of the teacher whose class thev
encumbered.
Boys and girls only slightly defective
were thus allowed to degenerate, Incom
ing in the end weak minded and vicious.
It was found, however, that fully 50 per
cent, of these little dunces were suffering
from no mental defect whatever, but
from physical ailments which their par
ents and teachers failed to recognize;
that with their bodies properly nourish
ed and strengthened they could return
to regular class work and excel in it.
Hence the establishment of the first
ungraded class, the success of which
speedily led to the beginning of others
in different school districts, until we have
to-day the system which is attracting
widespread attention by its interesting
work. In these chesses ordinary routine
is set aside, the pupils receiving individ
ual treatment, mental, physical and mor
al, in order that each shall be developed
as far a.s possible into a self-supporting
man or woman.
"The first thing one must aim at is to
develop their self-respect," said Miss
Farrell. "Hefore coming here, they have
never known what it is to -ueceed in
anything. They have been left behind
in their classes, becoming the butt of
I rightcr bo <. \t home they have been
ridiculed ii<l abased because of their
stupidity. T'iicv m* firmly convinced of
tb ir inability to to anything whatever.
Vin't do it.' i- their invariable reply to
a request to perform the simplest task.
"It is pathetic to see the delight of a
boy when he first realizes that there is
something he can do really well. From
th 1 mo ;:cnt his manhood and self-confi
dence a-sert themselves, and improve
ment begins.
"The power 112 choice or initiative js
ac t!: i thing such children entirely lack.
It is one of the first things to be worked
for. na l almost the last thing to come.
They a:e unable to name the game they
_ i i- ? C ' '
The notion that one must puy from fifty dollars upwards in order lo pet
a good shotgun has been pretty effectively dispelled since the advent of
the Winchester Repeating Shotgun. These guns are sold within 'each
of almost everybody's purse. They are safe, strong, reliable and handy.
When it comes to shooting qualities no gun made beats th m They
I are made in 12 and 16 gauge. Step into a gun store and xamine one.
FREE: Send name and address on a postal card for our iUaslralrd calalmru ?
. WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., NEW HAVEN, CONN. J,
*>-m «n•TT»-T«g«o—Mfa.: T-aaw ffira HBK»V
find plensuutest or the Work they pnsfer.
It may tike Iw . i-r three yearn bef re n
boy conies to know that there i* one
thing he would nil her do than anything
el i' in tin- world; but the knowledge
comes at. hit,
"I'sually it is some kind <f manual
work lie grows fond of. It may hi' car
pentering. us in the case of that boy.
[Miss Farrell nodded ton youth who wast
industriously planning a piece of w " l.j
lie is never so happy a* when working at
the beneh. Or it may lie merely driving
in nails, which one little fellow in my
class finds the pleasant esi it' oil oeeupu
tions. This is some of his work."
From one of the cases Miss Farrell
took pieces of cork into which brass
headed taeks had been driven in the form
of circles, squares and triangles.
" I his work teaches precision and neat
ness in placing the nails exactly 011 the
line, and also ninnher and proportion by
allowing just so many nails to each side
of the square and more for the long side
of the triangle than for the others," -.lie
explained.
"Little can be done with these children
through ordinary instruction. They fail
to comprehend or benefit by it. Their
minds must be trained through their
muscular senses. Motor work, which in
cludes both manual and physical, must,
precede all mental training. A boy. for
instance, who cannot eompreliend the
fact that a square has four sides will
gradually come to understand it front
running his linger around the edge of a
- [Hare surface. Thus, also, lie will grasp
the fact that a triangle has tliree sides.
After he has acquainted himself with
these shapes he may he able to draw
them on the blackboard.
"It is quite impossible for most of
these children to understand that a
square cut in two diagonally will form
awo triangles; but given pieces of color
ed paper to first form into squares and
later to fold and tear into triangles, they
gradually come to pereieve this.
"Little things which would he play
to the normal child task the powers of
mentally defective children to the ut
most. Most of them have, at first, no
sense whatever of direction and propor
tion. All such children are anaemic and
undernourished, and have little or 110
muscular control. Their fingers' work
with lig objects only. Precise work,
such as sewing, threading beads, or even
cutting a piece of ruled paper into strips
along the lines, cannot lie done without
months of patient ell' rt.
"It is quite impossible for these child
ren to sit still or manage their feet prop
erly :i fact which explains the case of
many a boy who has been considered
restless or troublesome in the ordinary
school room. With constant practice
and perseverance these defects may he
lessened or entirely removed. A little
boy who was in my class hist year had
infantile paralysis so badly that he could
not walk up or down stairs by himself.
Every day I had him mount the stairs
in the hall, a few steps at first, then
more each day. until he had learned to
go up and down the entire (light with
out assistance.
"I <1 > not see that there can lie a ques
tion as tii the great necessity of special
classes for mentally defective children.
The defective child is in our schools,
whether we will or not. livery day he
is there he is forming habits of indolence
to which he is naturally disposed. If
he is a borderland case—that is. just a
shade or two from the normal—he soon
becomes a eatspaw for smaller IM>VS.
He follows with impunity the suggest
ions of others, assumes an attitude of
rebellion against the school and finally
turns to a career of truancy. Many a
boy or girl who might have been made
self-supporting drifts into our institu
tions in early manhood or womanhood,
and for lack of a little proper training,
when young, must be supported at the
public expense for the rest of their
lives.
"But lx-sides economic reasons, there
is a great moral responsibility to care for
these children, not only for their own
sake, but for that of the. community,
lief ore coming to a class like this they
have seldom known what love or sym
pathy is. Made sullen and morose, they
start life feeling that the world is
against them, regarding all men as their
natural enemies.
"Now thciv is a boy," added Miss Fur
rell, smiling at a dark haired youngster
whose face lighted up all over as he grin
ned back at her. "He was brought to
me with the explanation that lie was an
I uncontrollable little tough. He' is a
sweet child. There is sweetness in every
•one if we nly know how to draw it out.
"A little sympathy and encouragement
do wonders for these IK>VS. It changes
their whole view of life and <cnds them
I out anxious to live well and do their
I best."
' That mentally defective children can
be taught to work is si 11 wn by the story
HI a boy who left Mis, Farrell's class
last year and who had never been able
to learn to read or write. Though lie had
entered the class branded as a hopeless
dunce anil without an interest or am
bition in lite, lie developed a great abili
ty for carpentering ami, in I'm 1., I cranio
a -I n pupil in I lie manual training de
partment of the *ch ;01. Mr. E. I), (iris
wold, who presides over this department,
-11( >w- with much pride a set of shelves,
I stool, and other pieces of furniture per
fectly executed and stained. They were
the work of this defective and arc pre
served anions the best pieces the class
has turned out. Two weeks after leav
ing school the boy obtained work in a
carpenter'* shop.
"That boy is not, and never will lie ca
pable of designing or planning a thing
tor himself," .Miss Farrcll explained.
"But so well d' cs lie grasp the ideas of
size, proportion ami shape from his
manual training that he can follow a
given plan perfectly. This makes him
valuable in his present position. Manu
al training teaches such things to these
children as nothing else can.
'"lt has been the experience of those
connected with the work that, after all
is snid and done, the problem of the spec
ial class is to make the children able to
cam a living. Children not capable of
being taught this much should lie placed
in institutions. So far the work in this
country is only in its infancy. Wood
working, metal working, basket weaving
and such forms of manual work have
been attempted in our classes. In Lon
don. however, where there arc no less
than fifty centres for work among de
fective children, with a total of 2,359
children under instruction, there are well
equipped kitchens and laundries, and
even model homes have been provided
where both girls and boys receive instruc
tion in cooking and housewifery, with ex
cellent result*."
All children who are mentally defective
are found to be also in poor condition
physically. Sound, strong bodies, with
the blood coursing freely, cannot fail to
improve and brighten the mind. Physical
exercise and active games, therefore, form
an important part of the instruction in
nil ungraded classes.
"Drills and exercises are good for
training the eye in precision and the ear
iu accuracy, as well as for body build
ing,"' said Miss Farrell. "A nong the
sports, running'games are best, 1 think.
I hex quicken the circulation and serve
to train the l>oys to guide their move
ments. A defective child, at first, will
n I be able to run in and out among
de.«ks without bumping into them or fall
ing down. Then games are excellent
forms of discipline. Tlicy teach the chil
dren to control their temper, rnd inst ill
a spirit of fairness in dealing with one
another."
Frequent bathing is considered to have
so important a bearing up 11 the physical
well-being, and consequently upon the
mental improvement, of the children,
that the hoys in Miss FarreH's class re
ceive two bat lis a week in school, and
those who can do with benefit take one
every day.
To care for defective children properly,
it is necessary for a teacher to gain the
cooperation of those in the child's home.
Lack of sanitary conditions and mal-nu
trition have much to do with the whole
state of the body and mind of these little
ones. Many a child is stupid and dull
at his desk during the day, simply from
sleeping in an unventilated room at
night.
Lack of nourishing food is generally
caused by ignorance rather than by want
of means to buy what is wholesome.
East Side children, it was shown, for in
stance, drink a great amount of coffee
and eat much heavy pastry. A cup of
coffee for breakfast, coffee and a piece of
pie for lunch and another cup of coffee
with dinner are often the daily diet of
boys and girls of all ages. Xutritious
fare could Ik> had as cheaply, and it is
rarely difficult to induce the mother to
provide this, once sh<; understands.
"Defective children," Miss K.irrell said,
"are almost always proved to be invet
erate cigarette smokers, a habit which
the family is not often able to correct.
My boys are now served with their lunch
in the school, a |>oint we have been striv
ing for ever since the class was started.
It has been arranged bv having the girls
in the cooking school prepare the meal
each morning. The food is simple, but
good and nourishing, and the plan is
proving so beneficial that it will doubt
less be introduced into all the other de
fective classes.
As to the work in class, in the morning
Miss Farrel! usually reads a part of
some interesting book; talks from the
•lungle Hooks or one of Erne.st Thomp
son So ton's animal stories being most in
favor. The morning's work is based
upon the tile. Pictures of the animals
are shown the boys and they are asked
to tell the story in drawings which will
illustrate the most striking incidents,
or the scenes which impress them most.
A collection of these drawings which
; Miss Farrel I has preserved is interesting
1 Often thev are so crude as to need in
| terpretation, as when a mass <y' gre'U
era von murks, with tall purple strokes
i rising out of it, represents th-* stockade
into which the elephants were driven in
I one of the. .lungle stories. At other
j times the drawing is clever enough to do
j credit to any (hihl.
Compositi ns in which these stories
arc retold in words instead of by pict:
tires .show that defective children may bp
brought to a degree of proficiency in
writing and spelling. Miss FBITPII think*
j that OTP.II greater improvement could
! have been wrought, iu smite of the schol
ars iiad they been taken earlier in life
l r ngrnded classes being a new institution
h'OvrcTer, the edueation of IIIP«P bovs had
j not begun until they TTPIS almost too
j old to profit, by it. A defeetire child,
to Is* really vsell trained and developed,
should lie taken in bind nt the earliest
time possible. After a boy is 12 vears
old. it is hard to begin with him, though
id' course, he can be improved,
A card catalogue is kept, of every child
! examined, one card giving points con
; corning his or her family history, home
[companion, age, place of birth, etc. A
companion card records the date an I
! result of the examination. Whether a
I child is place ! in a special class or not,
he receives a new examination every.six
i months. The policy always to give
| hiin a chance.
BUTTER MADE FROM MILKWEED.
And Beefsteak from a Mysterious Plant
—Startling Discoveries of Scientists.
Discoveries have lieon made in agri
cultural science on the estate of Capt.
Honevbrain, near Morrisville, Va., which
j promises, according to reports, to revo
lutionize the beef ami dairy interests of
the world.
At a, convention of dairymen, hold in
Copenhagen in March, 1001, Capt. Honey
brain met Dr. Maurice do Kuyter. who
had for years been experimenting with
the asclepias lactefera, ordinarily known
as milkweed, to see if it were not possi
ble by cultivation and a system of selec
tion similar to that used in producing
the modern sugar beet to produce from
an improved variety of niilktfeed, milk
and butter that would compare with the
article produced by the cow, and at an
infinitely lower cost.
The Dutch government finally became
alarmed, lest a successful outcome of
Dr. de Ruyter's exjieriments might injure
Holland's dairy interests and prohibited
any further work along these lines.
Capt. Honevbrain spoke of the pro
fusion in which the milkweed grows in
his section, t he use by the Indians of its
copious milk and invited Dr. de Kuyter
to return with him and continue his ex
periments on his estate, where he would
have the advantage of his extensive lab
oratories.
Dr. de Uuytor was unable to accept
Capt. lloneybrain's offer for himself, hut
lie succeeded in interesting Prof, llug
water of Cornell in his investigations.
He agreed to put Hideyo Tashinari in
Capt. lloneybrain's laltorntorics for a
series of experiments.
For three years Prof. Tashinari has
labored c iitinuouslv, devoting his time
and energy to give practical value to the
theories of Dr. de Kuyter. and at last
they have reaped the reward, it, is said.
According to report, there i> being
produced in the laboratories of Capt.
Honey bruin from the milk of an im
proved variety of milkweed, with the
addition of 5 per cent, 'if cow's milk, a
butter that cannot be distinguished from
the bc>t dairy butter.
Vegetable With Meat Taste.
Even more interest has been excited
locally bj the production on ( apt., lion
evbrain's estate, through the efforts of
Dr. 1 lollowzollern of a plant popularly
known as the vegetable beefsteak. I iii->
new addition to the vegetable kingdom
does not apear to la- a vegetable, pos
sessing a llavor of beef when cooked, as
the salsify does tin- oyster, but seems to
lie a vegetable substitute for beef.
Dr. Otto Earnest Augustus Hollow -
z.ollern. has. after Hi years of experi
menting, given t > I lie world the wonder
ful plant.
The new plant is inclined to sterility,
and very delicate, thus far having been
grown only under glass, but Dr. Hollow
zollern is working to remedy these de
fects.
The plants have flexible stents six or
eight feet tall, bearing irregular bell
shaped flowers. Soon after the tlower
falls the stems are bent to the ground,
and the young fruit is covered heavily
with earth and left, to develop. The frilit
is about twice as large as a large water
melon and somewhat similar in shape.
The fruit when ripe is covered with a
shell, like the shell of a oocoanut, a I
though it is harder and tougher, and i->
of a sealelike formation; attached to the
inner surface of this shell is a coat ing .of
fat two or tliiee inches thick; enclosed :n
this fat is a rich red flesh of firm texture
and open grain.
While all visitors are courteously re
eeived at Capt. Honeybrain's and shown
the sights of the farm and laboratories,
there are portions of the farm and some
laboratories from which they are rigidlv
excluded.—Xew York Herald.
Miss May Sutton, of Pasadena, the
new women's tennis champion, forgot her
racquet at the King's County Tennis Club
of Brooklyn.
I am absent-minded." she said, laugh
ing; "as absent-minded as one of the in
structors at the I'Diversity of California.
"This gentleman was left at home
alone one evening with the children. Ilis
wife knew he was at work upon a maga
zine article on the subject of Sliintoism,
or the Memphian hieroglyphs, or some
thing equally abstruse, and so, though
sh ■ drea led his absent-inin lcdness. she
thought it would be safe to trust hi ill by
himself for once.
"When she returned, about nine o'-
clock . the house was very still. She had
left the children play ing. but now they
were nowhere to be seen. She asked
what had become of them, and the pro
fessor said that their noise had disturbed
him, anil lie put them to bed.
"'I h: pe they gave you no trouble,'she
said.
"'One did.' the professor answered.
"The one in the cot there fought like a
j voting tiger when I went to undress him.
, lie kicked and screamed and ' it. A bad
child. I got him in, though, hard and
fast. He howled a while, but in an hour
he fell asleep.
"The professor's wife tiptoed to the
cot.
"'Why,' she cried, 'that is little Harry
I Brown, from next door.'"
Deafness Cannot be Cured
hr ]#cnl Applications, mm they cannot rfiu'h the
«iwfn.«rd portion of the cnr. Them Is only on*
w«ir >• cure deafness, and that is by eonntl
tut i«*nl remedies. Deafness Is caused 1»r * n
inflamed condition of the mucous lining oi* Mir
Knfttaohlftii Tube. When thlfc tube is infiamed
jom hn»• n rnmMlnjr s Mind or Imperfect henrine.
and when It Is entirely cloned. Deafness i« the
result. «:k1 unless the Inllnimnatlon can be tnhew
out and this tube icntorcd to lis normal <ondi
tion. hearing will he destroyed forever; nine
""t of trn are caused by CatnrrLv which
Is nothing but an Inflamed condition «».• i « .
mucous
We will iff TO One Hundred Dollars for any
ease of Deafness (canned by catarrh) that can
not be cured by Hall's t'liirrh ( mv, .Mi . :
circulars, free.
r. j. crrrNKY \ <:o., ,»o, n
! by Drut'jrlstn, 7f»e.
Take Flair A Family lMlls for er •>• flout
POTATO A FOOT LONG.
SOME TA hi, TALES OF ( Rol'S IN
TIIIO I"'Alt NORTHWEST.
WEALTH FROM THREE ACRES.
One Year's Crop of Celery, Cabbage, and
Lettuce Paid $2,385 —Two Crops of
Celery in One Year —One Acre Pro
duced 13,650 Nine-pound Heads oc
Cabbage—Can Be Done Elsewhere.
This is the country, ihe very country
itself, which one of the most broad 111 ind
ed and distinguished statesmen of the
t'nion once said was a place lit only for
the abode of wild beasts and wilder men,
and that .she should never vote a cent
for its purchase or support. Mr. Web
ster was only uninformed 011 the subject,
and to his credit lie it said that he was
not beyond changing his views after tie
j had talked with Or. Marcus Whitman,
I the pioneer missionary who made his al
most. impossible midwinter jour no v
across the Rockies to Washington to
j head off Congress on the eve of its sur
render of our great Northwest Territory
Ito England, and so saved Washington
and Oregon.
There are all sorts and conditions of
soil and climate in Washington. Some
' of its soils are rich and some are richer,
j In some localities its rainfall is the
heaviest in the I'nited States; in othen
places it is almost nil. (lenerally speak
j ing. the coast country is very moist,
while the Cascade Mountains cut oil' the
moisture-laden clou-Is from the ocean
and leave the eastern half of the State
arid and needing irrigation for the pro
] duction of crops.
| And the crops produced are something
|to brag about. What would you think of a
! potato a foot long by the rule? 1 ca.i
I get the ruler as a proof. Xor would
there be any trouble in getting plenty of
shells for Peter, the Pumpkin Eater, to
! put his wife in, and she would be verv
i comfortable, too. And they do offer to
produce the sworn records that over a
hundred standard bushels 01 wheat have
i been produced from in* measured acre of
; Washington soil.
Some Prunes.
William Oonlon, who raises pritim
; near < oifax, ships considerable of his tin •
; fruit to Xew York. On this he pays the
1 roads tjitiOO a car. Mr. Oordon expects to
j get seven carloads of prunes this year, 1
' that if he can be induced to ship to \c
York the railroads will get $1,200 from
his twenty acres in prunes. This is why
the railroads are in favor of the policy
out here of settling up the country in
small tracts. They can certainly make
more in freight charges on such proposi
tions than they can iu shipping cattle.
By the way, Gordon expects to mak ■
some tj>2,.~>oo to himself out of bin
prunes. It is something of a gamble
with him, depending on prices and all
sorts of contingencies. It is no gamine
with the railroads, though. Sure thing
there —cash down in advance, 1 presume,
lion lon may be good for it, tin ugh, in
case they all rot on the way.
J. 11. little, of the town of Elma, in
Chehalis County, was set down for a pa
per-collar dude farmer, and admits that
ten years ago he knew nothing about the
art. But Mr. Hale seems to have 1.:
cumulated a few nevertheless, and he
does it on three acres. Included on this
are his dwelling, ban), a small green
house, and poultry house; also some fruit
trees.
Three Acres Paid $2,385.
Last year the sales from the produce
of this three-acre farm aggregated the
sum of $2.:iS5. The work was done by
himself and son. The main crop is cel
ery. grown by such intensive methods as
to reach a yield of over .33,0(H) pounds
! per acre. Ijtist year from a measured
j three fourths of an acre 40,000 pounds of
j celery were raised, llie soil is known as
| a mixture of muck and beaver-dam, with
| substrata of sand and clay. It is under
| drained with tile laid aliout four feet
! deep and twenty feet apart, and there is
I water from near-by springs for irrigat
| ing. Fertilizers, consisting of forty loin's
cow manure and commercial fertilizer in
a large ijuantity, are piled on. The mat
ure is applied early ill the spring, plowr I
tinder deeply, and the commercial fer-
I tilizers applied just before setting our
tiie plants. Mr. Hale has found aft -r
[ considerable experimenting that kaimt
applied at the rate of half a ton per acre
j is an excellent preventive for fungus dis
ease-.
The celery seed is son'll in cold frames
in February, then once each mouth to
May for a succession of crops. The first
plants are large enough to set in the gat
j den rows about the last of May. The
rows are about three feet apart, wit.i
! plants six inches apart iu the row, and as
lone cop uears maturity the second crop
of plants is set midway between the first
rows. Thus two crops can lie taken from
the same piece of ground. Having Ittx
tirinnce of available plant fo d and mois
-1 lure, tin* celery grows rapidly on the ap
proach of warm weather. The blanching
is done by means of Isiurds ten feet long,
convenient for handling, in addition to
the gr.mid, rhicli is banked up igainst
them. Wfit*ii ready for market the crisp
1 iinnehe at" of uniform .size, about t nen
ly-six inehc- long and without, decayed
■ipe.-ks or ! banishes.
A Few Heads of Cabbage.
people think it does not. pay to
I grow cahl-nge. but la p 1 sca.-i.n Mr. lltle
ruise-l cr.bl :>gp at. thp rate of ]:t.(i.*io hea !«
of uina (Kdinds poh ppr acre. On a HlP**
IIIP.! OIIP and a lia'f ncrp~ of ground sev
enty ton" of protiucp T»P re raise I atf.l
sold last season. This includes celery,
cahb;:;;p. !!id 'pttllcp.
Now . tl ,: s is a story < 112 Washingl m
irritation and intensive fnitttin with
"i: minus production. But
! iike it can lie aiv laioiished nl.nost nn>-
wl : ' I • a 110 _ti iof w hit It crttl
bo tile drained an I a •_ od -1, >'
lor irrigation and yon can make an acre
proiluc- la-vond .ill belief. I'lio original
richness of the soil is not necessary. You
can afford to j»i!<• on manure, an Mr. Flale
iliin- a« I,lie New York market, }»ardeii
cis do, at the rate of sixty ilouble-liorsg
loads per .!(•;<• every spring, and after you
have built up a soil which you can plow
fifteen iiu'lie-i deep you can u.se life
amounts of stimulative commercial fer
tilizers without danger of burning, lor
you have your artificial water supply.
Too Much Fertilizer Possible.
I'ertili/.er is a jfood thing, but too much
of it will kill plant growth. This is a
tact with which the Western farmer who
irrigates bis crops oft,times is brought
face to face. Alkali is an unquestioned
advantage to some crops, for instan e,
the sugar beet, yet much land in the irri
gated country is ruined by being alka
lied. This is, however, largely, if not en
tirely, the effect of careless irrigation bv
which the salts are brought by capillary
attraction to the surface soil, where they
burn and kill t,he feeding roots of vegeta
tion. Net even where land has been ruin
ed by alkali 'it has I icon demonstrate I
by government experiments that tore
store it to fertility only requires an or
dinary system of cither under or open
ditch drainage, by which any excess of
irrigation water will carry off the alkali
salts instead of leaving the soil sur
charged with them. The calamity cry
which emanated from a writer in New
ork last year that the entire West must
sooner or later be abandoned to alkali
had 110 foundation in fact.
HAD TO SHOW HIS WHISKERS.
Cleveland Man's Wife Locked Him Out
After They Were Shorn.
When Herman Flick, a prosperous gro
cer at Wilson and Payne avenues, parte!
with his thirty-five-year-old whiskers tie
other evening lie almost lost his home.
I lick lives at ItiS lloadley street, and
his family is grown up. for he has seen
sixty years. For thirty-five years of his
time Flick and his whiskers have never
parted. They were proud, breezy, luxu
riant. whiskers. 1 -o. of the Jerry Sinip
-011 alfalfa—not the common garden va
riety. For years the customers of th-j
bi<r grocery knew the proprietor by his
whiskers.
A few neighbors dared Flick to divorce
1 hose whiskers.
"You wouldn't dare!" said one.
"What do you bet 1 won't?" said Flick
"Well. $10."
"Where's the moneyV"
I he cash was made up and the parte
v.ent. over to a 1 arfcer shop. There were
a few snip-snips of the shears, the scrap
ing of a razor, and Flick's face was whis
ker less.
I hat night a smooth-faced, voung
looking man turned into the yard at 10.-J
lloadley street and rang the bell. The
door opened cautiously and a woman
looked out.
"What do you want?" she asked.
"I want to come in."
"Who are you?"
"1 am Herman. Don't you know me? - '
Hang went the door, click went the
key in the lock.
1* lick tried to argue. It was no use.
So he ambled back, woke the barber,
gathered up the late crop of alfalfa, and
took it home. Passing it in at the door,
his wife was convinced and admitted
him.—Cleveland Dispatch to Chicago In
tor Ocean.
. My Big Catalogue of
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I save you uiooey on any instrument yuu want.
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1 27-A Superior St., Cleveland, Ohio.
iS^Save^YoiirFiiei
by using tho
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L/ 3 : 11 will do it.
(i rr Satisfaction guaranteed or
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i « °. ver 100,000 of them in use
I* ® Fi* B any Btove or furnace
|j © Write for descriptive cata
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ySr with the fuel you ]
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"frfWiiiim,'' h
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Elbow Valve.
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