10
The Churches, the Poor
AND THE
Tragedies of New York
. It's a curious development that
fnakes New York an ecclesiastical side
issue to tile AleU
tian ihlaiulK ;
Hishop Tikhon,
*''v~-& of the Aleutians,
V A hut the otli
,• er day to eonse-
New York. When
Bishop Tikhon. a f ew Russians to
Fun Francisco antl they were ad
ded to the island diocese. Later
still began the extraordinary im
migration of Russians to New
York, and the country was added
wholesale to the already elongated
charge of the good hishop.
The Aleutian churches are rude and
small; the new church in this city
gleams and shines with barbaric splen
dor, resembles a tine church in Russia
itself, recognizes the czar as its spirit
ual head, and cost $140,000.
The money is in a way necessary.
Wherever the Russian church is built
splendor is its main characteristic.
Koine has bigger churches than St. Pe
tersburg and Moscow, but in detail no
more beautiful ones; in gold and gems
and jewel-set croziers and books of
costly bind a poor Greek monastery
will outshine the wealth of many a
great city church in western Europe.
Greek and Armenian churches as
well as Russian we have; the latter dif
fer considerably from the Russian
type. The Coptic church, whichclaims
to be the oldest of all, and which is
certainly most primitive, is not rep
resented.
With rites, un-Christian New York
is well provided, it has rival Chinese
josses, one newly housed in a splendid
joss house, gleaming with gilding but
concealed behind a dingy Mott street
exterior. Mohammedans worship in
the Turkish quarter; Hindoo castes
eat rice by all their ancient formulas
on board vessels straight from the ori
ent; theosophy is taught rather as a
fad than as a working religion, i'.ud
dliism has hundreds of devotees. I
have seen a dancing dervish of un
doubted genuine quality going through
his strange devotions in an artist's stu
dio before a "society" audience.
The "Servant tilrl Famine."
With all our huge immigration, one
class of immigrants fails to appear in
the old numbers. . . mmm '"f" i"i■
Of household si r
est dearth in its
The. rosy Irish, Nt'jSKnil
English, Herman / r*'jKsjXv
and Swedish lasses Ift
who for years did "f"®*"
th e household j
teen at Ellis Island A
now. When they The Sceptered Queen
come it is not to of To-Da/.
enter domestic service, but to enter
the families of relatives. The new
races —Turks, Armenians, Croats —do
not bring women in such numbers, nor
would they by language or training be
qualified to do houseworn, though
some few Armenian men have been
trained as servants. The result is
ciiaos.
Wages have doubled. It is not un
common for a girl to receive $:!"> per
month "and found" for duties requir
ing no especial skill. Women cooks
get from SSO up, and "none to be had."
Housekeepers not only expect from
SIOO per month upward, but they will
not goto houses where less than three
or four servants are kept. The "gen
eral servant" has almost ceased to cx
ibt.
This cause, with t lie high rents and
scarcity of coal, is driving people fast
er and faster into family hotels amj
apartment houses. It is amazing, but
it is literally true that, with all its
prosperity, only one-seventh as many
private houses were built in old New
York last year as in IS'JO. Even the to
tal annual cost of new private houses,
in spite of such palaces as those which
are being erected for Carnegie, Sell wab
and Senator Clark, is less than it was
ten years ago.
'l'lii' font «( iA vi lift.
Tn such a New York house there is
a "servants' hall" as big as the aver-
I— 1 — age parlor of a
mjLl, _I. ruraleoltage. In if.
j meal- are served
' the family table
attic story is cut
$353 gjtfl up into little bed
jllH rooms for the
"help- who are
never called that!
J A cook liould
The t»erv«ntl' 'all. i, „ i« .. „.. .
I» «• I T«•11 c li; k
valet, by all means English; so
should lie tin- oilier mailt*, if posM
t>le; even the lady's maid is English
nun oftcner than French. This de
mand aml the high wages paid have
caused a dearth alinobt 11s pro
tioit...'i'il in Loudon household as in
New York.
Sucli colidltloi h perpetually tight
s{,<uit*l the city. Thejr drive people
out <>f town, where —strange to say
—the servant question is now in
more acute. Plenty of men doing
business in New York live in the sub
urbs and eoine into town from Mon
day or Tuesday morning until Friday
night only. The rest of the week
they stay in the country. In town
they goto the hotels. Here the in
flux of guests is responsible for some
strange things. The "privileges" of a
hotel are themselves worth a for
tune. Aste, the horse owner, made
his money from hotel boot blacking
stands. The boot blacking privilege
of a new Broadway hotel that is to
be opened in two months is already
sold to a man who pays SB,OOO a
year rent and tits up his own room.
Strangest of all results of the great
cost of living in New York is the dis
tance to which men "commute" for
the sake of doing business here.
Philadelphia is DO miles away
Enough men live there and come in
to New York to work every Wall
street day to be known on 'change as
"the Philadelphia crowd." On the
way back and forth they form a rail
road club ami play games of levity
and interest. The trip takes two
hours. In other directions no such
distances are "commuted," but as
much time is consumed on slower
trains in reaching Port Jervis, Pough
keepsie or Greenport.
Tlii* Service of the Poor.
When life gets so complex there is
more than ever excuse for trying to i
get out of it. A I
young millionaire jJTji 5 i
has just made a pj 1 .•, |
great sacrifice to in • ,"??■ i - j
ll " ■— ' iflvln' t
You may have . \V j
read, a year ago, j
of Anson Phelps '
St iikes entering M."V >, I
the church and a 4 Ira
"neigh bo ring j
ho us e." 11 is f^lClr
brother, .7. Gra- '
ham Phelps, litis
just followed that ,
example, except a Volunteer in th«
as to "taking or- Slums,
tiers," and will hereafter be found in |
the University Settlement society's j
house tin the East side. The head j
worker of the settlement is Hubert |
Hunter; before him that office was
held by James Keytiolds, now Mayor j
Low's private secretary. These men
know the poor of the city as even a j
Tammany politician does not.
The Stokeses are zealous. They are I
heirs to perhaps $5,000,000 each. They I
are related to "Willie" Stokes, builder j
of famous hotels and the slayer of
"Jim" Fisk; also to the elder Anson
Phelps Stokes and to the Phelps fam
ily. of whom William Walter Phelps ,
is the best known member.
Young Stokes is modest. "I'm not j
here because 1 think it my duty," '
he says, "but because I want to be. I j
am near my friends. My friends poor?
Don't get that idea! People who are
at work cannot be called poor. It's
nothing-to-do that is poverty. I've just
escaped that."
Not without an effort, 1 may say.
It. took Stokes more than a year to
put his affairs in such shape that he
could leave them.
The Kuril Trimsetly Recalled.
The tragic death of Paul Leicester
Ford, the novelist, and hi# brother
Malcolm Will Hot
lie forgotten.
' The widow of
Malcolm l'ortl has
I. just remarried.
IjTi') She is now Mrs.
L '•81 l_ Leavy; wife of a
wealthy young
hrewer. She is the
daughter of a rich
IllilPilii®! wa "~P a l l,M ' maker
of ISrooklvn. now
______ j house uponL'linton
Pau i Leicester Ford, admired for the
brief time he lived in it. Poor Mal
colm Fortl. who was gifted beyond the
lot of common mortals with grace and
strength and lit tint j. went to his grave
crazed for the lack of money; crazed
by a sense of injustice because he
thought he had not been fairly treat
ed by his wife, by his fill her, by his
sisters, by his brother.
The prolits of authorship tire mean
time indicated by the proving of Paul
Ford's will. His father was a rich
man, but, in the old-fashioned way,
not measured by many millions. He
left considerable property to his fa
vorite son. This Paul increased by
shrewd investment. His estate was
appraised at $220,000; much of it was
in Standard Oil and similar "gilt
edged" securities.
The elder Ford, shrewd tdd Scot that
he was, hat! one soft spot in his nature,
lie loved literary ability. Literary
vviirk was his, dream for his si us. lie
was tin associate of Horace Greeley,
a part owner of the New York Tribune.
Ilin s<in Paul hi-came a historian and
later a novelist. His son Wortliington
i . Fortl became a statistician and
writer upon u lit iipia ria ii topic-. Paul
wns his favi rite; Paul, with his bright
eves ami his liny, distorted body.
Malcolm also was not without 1 it•
entry ability I nfertiliiately lie wav
also the be-t amateur athlete up to
hi time that hail ever stepped upoi)
tie \ iiericiin tii rf Hi- writing upon
athletic topics ditl not pay as now
they would.
UWI*.N KA.Ni iLrtJN.
CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1902.
Timely Correspondence from the
Nations of the World
The Slnli- In Europe.
The Italian republic of San Ma
rino, situated on -Monte Titnno
among the Apennines, took its rise in
the sixth centurj - of our era. The
founder was a Dalmatian soldier
named Marinus, who in the reign of
Diocletian (led from Home and re ;
tired with several companions to
Monte Titano, where they carried on
the trade of stonecutters. At, the
accession of Constantine, Marinus
was ordained a priest, and his re
ligious zeal led to his being styled
saint during his life, and to his can
onization alter death. The birthday
of Marinus is celebrated every year
on September .'i. The independence
of the little state dates from the
tenth century. The government of
the republic consists of a grand coun
cil of 60 members, of whom 20 are
nobles, 'JO are burghers and 20 are
rural proprietors. The center of
government is in the palace, which,
with the cathedral and the ancient
citadel, is situated on the top of a
mountain. On a lower spur rests the
town of San Marino itself. Through
out the little territory, which is well
cultivated, are several smaller bor
oughs. The supreme office is vested
in two captains-regent, who hold the
presidency of the senate and the ad
ministration of the country; one
takes charge of the city, the other
of the rural districts. In former
times they were called consuls or
gonfaloniers. The artillery «>f the
state consists of two small mortars,
which are used at elections and on
holidays. From the six candidates
for the supreme magistracy who ob
tain the highest vote, the cftptains
j&JL
|
MONTE TITANO, ON WHICH IS SITUATED THE CAPITAL OF SAN MARINO.
regent are chosen by lot before the i
high altar of the cathedral. When
the two successful candidates have !
taken the oath in the great hall of
the council, they are solemnly invest
ed by their predecessors with the or
der of the Grand Cross of San Ma
rino. The population is about 9,000.
All citizens between the ages of 18
and 00 are liable for military service.
There, are uniforms, however (blus
and white, the colors of the repub
lic), only for a standing army of 00.
•Japanese Hailunyx.
In 1870, when the government of
Japan decided to construct a railroad
connecting the old and the new capi
tal—Kyoto and Tokyo —it accepted
British assistance for the inaugura
tion of the work. Although the pro
ject was devised to connect the capi
tals, the necessity for having rail
way communication between the
present capital and its seaport, Yo
kohama, and also between the for
mer capital and its seaport, Kobe,
caused these two lines to be built
before carrying out the plan for the
main trunk line. The Sat.-uina rebel
lion, which broke .out in 1870. caused
u suspension of activity in railway
construction, and it was not until
1890, 20 years after the inception of
the plan, that the railway connecting
the former and the present capital
was opened for traffic.
'these first lines were constructed
and equipped by the British, and of
course followed British standards
throughout, and on the main island,
where these roads are, no other type
than that of the English engine was
: even thought of for many years. In
Kiushu, the large island at the south,
the first railroads were built about
1881, and in the Hokkaido, at the
north, at nearly the same time, the
Germans constructing and equipping
the former, while the latter were in
charge of American engineers, who
' procured all their supplies from the
United States. Three standards of
railway equipment were thus intro
duced into the empire, the British
having the advantage of being first
in the field and of being established
in th<' island, which, both from it*
si/e and from its excluding nearly
all the important commercial cities
of the empire, would require much
the greatest mileage.
There "as no marked change in
1 the conditions thus introduced into
Japanese railway affairs, I lie stand
ards of each nation continuing to
predominate in lh> island w here they
were introduced until 1*97. when 12
locomotive were ordered from Amer
ica for the imperial and Nippon rail
ways in the main island, lb Nippon
being tie most important of the pri
-1 vale ruilwa,\ ompanie Since that
time, the in*port • llon of English lo
comotives 100- never tfrcutly exceed
ed that ol Vmerican, ami now more
ttinn Sou loeiiuiotlves ut American
mannfacture are in daily use in Ja
pan, where the entire number of all
kinds is not far above 1,200. Consid
ering the great advantage which Eng
land had at the start, this is a \ery
good showing indeed, and it is es
pecially creditable in view of the
prejudices American manufacturers
have had to overcome.
Of the private lines, the Kiushu and
the Sanyo railways are next in im
portance to the .Nippon, and these
were the first after the, Hokkaido to
order locomotives from America. A
representative of the Sanyo railway
stated that the principal reasons for
preferring American engines are the
lower price and shorter time re
quired for filling orders. He added
that, at first, the engineers being ac
customed to the Knglish locomotives,
and not understanding the manage
ment of the American engine, found
that the latter consumed more coal;
but since the drivers have become
accustomed to the use and treatment
of the American locomotive, they
find no material difference in this
respect. The tire of the American
locomotive has proved more durable,
and they recognize advantages in the.
sight-feeding lubricator, the. nir
valves for the cylinders, and the
more comfortable driver's cabin. On
the other hand, the boilers are more
apt to leak than in the English en
gine.
On Kiushu island, about 50 German
locomotives were supplied at first,
but the use of the German engine in
J Japan practically stopped there, as
very few have been brought from
I that 'country since, and the small
volume of business they still hold in
this line is said to be due to the em
ployment of German engineers at the
government iron foundry at Waka
matsil. E. C. BELLOWS
Germ it n llir > <•!«' I'\|»ortM.
The German export of bicycles for
the year 1900 was $2,500,000. This
figure is exceeded by tiie English ex
port for the same year, which was
$2,570,000; and by the. American ex
port, which was $3,070,000. Germany
had, however, made a gain, for her
exports in lM'i) were but $2,785,000,
while the Knglish were $.'{.213,0(10 and
the United States $4,807,000. During
the year 1001, Germany rose to the
head of the list, with an export of
$2.'.127,000, while England came next
with $2,808,000, and the United States
had only $2,595,000. These figures in
clude complete bicycles as well as
parts. Of particular interest is the
decline in tlie American export, which
in 1898 amounted to $7,150,000, or as
much as the combined exports of
England and Germany. The explana
tion of this decline is found in the
strong restriction of the European
market. In 18!)8, Europe took $5,-
230,000 worth of bicycles from Amer
ica; iu 1901, only $1,475,000, of which
$500,000 were taken by Kngland and
about the same amount by Germany.
During the first six months of 1902,
the German export shows a further
gain, the total being $2,332,000, or an
increase of $500,000 over the same
period of 1901. Most of the countries
of Europe are reported to have im
ported more German bicycles during
the first six months of 1902 than
either English or American wheels.
J F. MON AG HAN.
IlrprfAKtnn In Itrittali Slil|il»iill<lln4C-
The shipbuilding trade of Great
Britain is comparatively stagnant
this winter. The tonnage of mer
chant ships in course of construction
within the kingdom is less than at
any time since 1*97. Then, the quan
tity of work on hand had for a long
time been fluctuating between (100,-
000 and 800,000 tons. In the fall of
that year an improvement began,
which led up to a tonnage of 1,414,120
a year ago. There has since been
a steady decline, to 1,000,714 tons at
present. The regularity of the de
crease about 40,0ii0 tons a month—•
is striking. Several thousand em
ployes have been discharged from
the shipyards during the last two
months. P. W. M All IN.
Suicide nml Civlllxiltloii.
The prevalent belief that suicide is
a product nf i lie higher civilization
is contradicted by the fact that in
India r uicides by opium are coin
mitted by the natives fur the mu»t
i»-i\ ill reasons, even children destroy
ing themselves after being scolded,
and wives been line husband** complain
uf their dinners. There are no regu
lations for the sule of poison, uinj
an \ body ran go into a bii/ar and buy
an much in he wuntM.
THE, COLONIAL TWO-STEP
WRITTEN BY PflUli B. ARMSTRONG.
Martial. j
'{fe* i 4 i "J | J
\ "•/ r— . -i /J? & *f tt t
'l'i i 'iT7U7Tj'i 112 L IjM
'' :fo?liii i
j w/' ° re * -:
| 112 ff' 'fT' f'yj':
; Copyright, 1897, by i'aul B. Armstrong.
Tliromtli Service from I'iirUlo IV kin.
| Some days ago, tin* director* of the
Nord, Oues t mid Orleans- railway com
panies of France, and representative*
of lUlgiati. Dutch, German, Austrian
| and EngUxli road* met at Paris, in or
der to make arraugemeiitf; for u
through train service from Paris to
Peking. li uas thoHu ut thiit meeting
that the trip could be made by way of
St. Petersburg and Siberia in IS < r lit
days, while t lie sea route, r it her by the
Sue/, canal or the Atlantic find Van
couver, require* from :t'J to X'l day*.
All that neims nn-ensury at present i»
an arrangement of ttaue table Conner.
|ioli> and tin- -elccthn of ritiiv iu
which through tickets mm be pur-
I rbated. It i* mid thai through tick'
its will be delivered at both Havre anil
J Cherbourg, ami transatlantic coiu
j panics will be able to state before
boats leave New York whether or not
; connection will be made with through
j trains to the orient. The same iir
! rangemcut will be made for the daily
! service between Southampton und
, Pa rid.
It was also decided at the recent
! meeting' to form a combination with
the trails-American and transpacific
; line*, NO that round-trip tickets from
New York to l'eking could lie sold at
| the former cit.v. with tin- privilege of
froing by the I'acittr and returning by
the trnnssilierian route. or vice vem«.
Tiie time rri|iilre<l from New York by
[either r<>ute U about the um«,