The Development of American Industries :By CHAHLES H. FLIJVT. American Merchant I*nnce. I'hc rapid development of American export e trade in manufactured merchandise has been due to a number of causes. The first and fundamental * element is the abundant supply of raw material within the limits of the United States. The sec ond is the American system of low cost of trans- k portation by rail and water, by means of which the different raw materials necessary to many lines of production are brought together at minimum cost. The third feature is industrial consolidation, which enables th« American manufacturer to utilize all the economies and successfully compete with European manufacturers. Another feature which is quite an important one is labor-saving machinery, the product of American inventive genius. Buyers will always find out in time a cheaper source of supply, but in the European and South American markets custom has a far greater significance than with Americans. In those countries they change somewhat slowly from an inferior to a superior article, if the inferior article has been used by their forefathers. While tlie question of raw material and transportation—or what might be called "the brute elements of our manufactures"—and the question of skilled superintendence, are all-important, perhaps a more telling element is managing ability. American mana'gement is largely free from traditions. IT IS LIKE AMERICAN DIPLO MACY, INCLINED TO GO FRANKLY TO THE POINT AND TO ATTEMPT TO ACCOMPLISH THE OBJECT DESIRED BY SWIFTNESS, ENERGY AND BY HONORABLE TREAT MENT OF ALL WITH WHOM THE TRANSACTIONS ARE MADE. I do not think that in our time the United States will reach any great prominence as a supplier to the world of articles intended for individual taste, or to please individual whim; neither will the United States to any great extent adapt its merchandise to the prejudices or habits of the peoples of foreign countries. Its policy will rather con tinue to be as heretofore—THE FORCING UPON THE FOR EIGN CONSUMER OF THE SUPERIORITY OF AMERICAN METHODS AND PRODUCTIONS. This is a difficult task, but marvelous results have already been achieved. As soon as the extension of our manufacturing and transporta tion facilities have beer, accomplished, so that we can produce a large surplus in all lines of manufacture above the demands of this coun try our export trade will move forward with greater vigor than ever. The only serious danger to the extension of our export trade which seems possible is by the restriction of production through trade unions. Trade follows the price and the principal element of cost is labor. Rates of wages in the United States are very much higher than are paid by our competitors in the densely populated countries. To meet this handicap our captains of industry have created superior organizations, centralizing production and making possible the larg est use of labor-saving devices. Machinery has thus replaced the low priced labor of our competitors and the American workman has been thereby elevated to the position of an overseer of machinery. The result has been a large output, which has made it possible for us to undersell the cheap labor countries while paying high wages to our wage-earners. While we have been thus cheapening the cost of pro duction through increased output, the trade unions of Europe have restricted the output, and thus we have been able to secure a larger foreign trade, which has relieved the markets of our surplus prod ucts AND HAS REDUCED THE NUMBER OF UNEM PLOYED TO A LOWER PERCENTAGE THAN HAS EVER BEFORE EXISTED IN THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Westinghouse has been laying 1,800 bricks in England as against the trades union restriction of 300; Krupp, employing 1,600 men, turns our 1,000 tons per day; Homestead, employing 5,500 men, turns out 6,000 tons per day. I believe in the good sense of the American wage-earners as a v/hole. While a part of the people may be fooled a part of the time, I am satisfied that people at large realize the suicidal policy of a re stricted output whether from the standpoint of capital or labor, and that the laborers of the United States will be wise enough to realize that a continuance of the high wages, which has enabled them to de posit $2,500,000,000 in the savings banks, can only be maintained through low cost of production obtained by a large output through superior organization and by labor-saving devices, making up the difference between the high wages paid by us and tjie low wages paid by our competitors. This is an age of invention, of industry, of labor-saving ma chinery. The times demand speed and comfort in railroad travel llow can we get both in our large % cities? FUTURE THE TUNNEL || Bv elevated railroads? No; IN LARGE CITIES hey arc too noisy. When run 1 y — steam they are dirty. When run By ,"• m CDONALD, by electricity they are dangerous Contractor (or the >«w * ork Mubwav aud J J ** ihu I'r.iMiinj K„er Except for short distances th e surface road is out of question. THE TUNNEL ALONE REMAINS. It alone offers speed, comfort, cleanliness, safety. London has a famous system of tunnels. Boston ranks the sub way among her most important civic improvements. In N'ew York we are undertaking a stupendous task. We are building a tunnel 21 miles long underneath the most thickly populated city in the world. We are cutting through the bowels of the city, and above the traffic goes on unhindered. This improvement will cost s3s,ouo,cxx). It would have to be built if it cost twice as much. We are about to build a tunnel under the East river at a estimated cost of $5,000,000. We employ 10,000 men. The work continues night and dav. Despite the difficulties which we have had to struggle against, the work i» already half done. Cars are now building and in iK months thev will be running AH this should have been done long ago, be fore the city was built up as it now Did it pa\ to put it off ' The tunnel i* a PRtMUfCT <>F THE HIGHER CIVILIZA TION. As civilization advances the tunnel will keep pace willi it, until ii becomes the main met hoi of transportation in > iti« *. CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2 190 a. ALGER ENDORSED. Republican* In IVllelilKan I'avor Ilia Candidacy lor a Neat In (lie Senate Convention Was Lively. Grand Rapids, Mich., Sept. 26. —'Af- ter a long nnd laborious session, in which more oratory and enthusiastic partisan strife were in evidence than have been seen in the councils of the republican party in this state for many years, the republican state con vention yesterday endorsed the sena torial candidacy of Gen. Russell A. Alger, ex-secretary of war, and nomi nated Judge William L. Carpenter, of Detroit, for justice of the supreme court, to ii 11 the vacancy caused by the death of Judge Charles S. Long. Gen. Alger's friends won a great vic tory over the supporters of Dexter M. Ferry, of Detroit, the test of strength having been on a motion to adopt the minority recommendation of the com mittee on resolutions, to the effect that no expression of sentiment of the convention on the senatorial can didacy of any one be taken. The test vote, by a roll call of counties, rejected the minority report by a vote of 427 yeas and SSB nays. The majority report, which indorsed Gen. Alger, was then adopted without an opposing vote amid loud and con tinued cheering from the Alger sup porters. At, the opening session of the con vention Congressman Hamilton, of Niles, temporary chairman, made an address, devoting his time chiefly to the tariff and trusts, along lines similar to those of President Roose velt's recent speeches. The report of the resolutions com mittee eulogized the late Senator Mc- Millan and Justice Long and com mended the state and national admin istrations. This portion of the report was unanimously adopted. Gen. Duffleld, of Detroit, nominated Judge Carpenter for supreme court justice. Judge Shepard. of Hay City, was also presented as a candidate, but later his name was withdrawn. RAY OF SUNSHINE. But It Did Not Last Lun: Tor the Persecuted Roumanian Jew». Berlin, Kept. 26. —The Tageblatt prints a letter from Bucharest, capi tal of Roumania, dated September 22, as follows: "The Washington note came like a ray of sunshine from a storm cloud for the Jewish population, especially the laboring classes, who conceived the hope that a favorable turn must result from the interference of mighty America. How naive this un happy people are, eagerly reaching for any straw promising them rescue. But their jubilatica has been of short duration. "The only effect the American note has had so far is an order that no more emigration passports be issued without the usual tax of $4. It is even reported that no emigration pass ports . ill be granted. The spirit of the government is: 'We are masters here.' Nevertheless, it is disposed to be polite toward the United States. It intends to show this by preventing emigration to the United States. "There is much talk here about 'Yankee arrogance,' but those laughed in their sleeves so long as the Ameri can note was without European sup port. Rut the news that England had followed with a similar step caused vexation. If the continental powers act jointly, it is possible that tha Roumanian Jewish question may be come acute. Rut the government has had much experience in meeting pro tests in behalf of Jews." Germany has decided not to associ ate herself in a formal manner with the American and British protests against Roumania's treatment of the Jews. The German government adopts this attitude, it is understood, Independently of other continental powers. No agreement has been reached in the matter among the cabinets of the continent. WOULD NOT GIVE ORDER. .tUnera In Alabama Strike aa a Heanlt of One .Ifan'a Kefuaal to Contribute to Anthracite KlrlUrra. Birmingham, Ala., Kept. 26. —Three hundred miners employed at I'ratt mine No. 3 are on a temporary strike. The men went out because one man refused to pay an assessment of $1 a week for the benefit of the idle United Mine Workers in Pennsyl vania. The local officers of the Unit ed Mine Workers requested t lie Ten nessee Co.'s officials to deduct from every miner's wages $1 a week and turn it over to the organization for the Pennsylvania miners. The company agreed to deduct from the wages of all miners who would give an order to that effect. In No. 3 mine at I'ratt one man refused to give an order, and the company of ficials, therefore, did not deduct from his wages, holding that they had no right under the law to deduct from a man's eurnings without his consent. A Quo IVarranlu Proceeding. Columbus, ()., Wept. 26. Quo war ranto proceedings were brought in the circuit court yesterday by Attor ney General Sheets to prevent the American farm Co. from doing busi ness in Ohio. The company sets up ns its object the purchase and con trol of grain elevators, cars and all means of transportation for farin products. The petition in quo war* ; rant" attacks the corporation on tha ||naail tliat its Intention is to mo nopolize the agriculural interests of the state and that it is in contraven tion of the anti-trust law. The peti tion also describe* the company as a I "corporate myth" and insolvent. ■looseveil Will l.lir Ilia tl.'• «l t!i luvll.it » ! > r tit t n» will 112 r hi* u e in front i of flat \\ t. t t . Hon-#, ANTI-CANTEEN LAW. It la Attucked by (l«n. Funaton—He Claims It Dcbaucliea Soldiers, De etroya IMclpllne and Leada to .Tlauy llcaerlloiia, Washington, Sept. 37. —Brig. Gen. Frederick Funaton in his annual re port. for tne Department of the Colo rado, points out, that the percentage of trials by court-martial of enlisted men has nearly doubled during the pust year, lie says: "It is, therefore, plain that there has been a deplorable increase of of fenses in general, and of desertions in particular. In my opinion there are two principles causes for this state of affairs: First, resentment of un accustomed limitations and restric tions felt by men returning from field service to the monotony nnd routine work of garrison lifts second, the abo lition of the canteen feature of the post exchange. Since this action was taken, saloons of the lowest type have been established just outside the boundaries of the various reserva tions; their proprietors, in almost every case, unprincipled scoundrels, who leave nothing undone to debauch the soldiers and obtain their money. "lleing in all cases outside the lim its of any city, the proprietors of these resorts are subject to no inu nici]>!il police regulations and sell regardless of hours and whether the buyer is already intoxicated or not. Gambling is universal in these 'dives' and they are frequented by dissolute women. The soldier whose desire for a drink ordinarily would be satisfied by a few glasses of beer in the can teen jxist exchange, goes to one of these resorts and does well if he escapes before he drinks or gambles away all his money, has overstayed his leave or engaged in an alterca tion. As a rule the local authorities regard the existence of these places with indifference or approval, as it causes the soldier to spend his money in the community. The efficiency of the army or the ruin of a good soldier is nothing to them. "There can be no reasonable doulyfc that most of the trials by general courts-martial and summary courts, at least so far as this department is concerned, are directly traceable to this cause. Since I have had command here, there has taken place the ruin and degradation of several non-com missioned officers of long service and fine record. In short, the recent legis lation by congress on this question, so far as this department is con cerned. has had no effect except to lower the discipline of the army, ruin scores of good soldiers and fill the pockets of a lot of saloonkeepers, gamblers and prostitutes." A MEMORIAL. II la Preaentcd to IHra. .TlcKlnley by Insurance Commlaalonera. Canton, Sfcpt. 27.—d10n. A. L. Voris, insurance commissioner of Ohio; Hon. J. V. Barry, insurance commissioner of Michigan, and lion. D. H. Apple ton. insurance commissioner of New York, came to Canton Friday after noon, being the guests of Senator Ilanna in his private car from Cleve land to this city. They came here as a committee appointed by the Nation al Association of State Insurance Commissioners at its recent meeting in Columbus, to present to Mrs. Mc- Kinley a memorial adopted oy the as sociation last year on the death of the president. The commissioners, accompanied by Julius Whiting, went to the McKinley home and presented the memorial to McKinley. It is handsomely engrossed and the plush covering is lettered in silver with the monogram of William McKinley. The presentation was made in the pres ence of the other distinguished visi tors at tne McKinley home. When Secretary Root, Senator Ilan na and party and Gen. and Mrs. Hast ings visited the tomb of the late President McKinley in the afternoon they found on the casket beautiful wreaths sent by President Roosevelt and Mrs. Garrett A. B'obart. Senator Ilanna and party spent most of the time here with Mrs. McKinley at her home, only leaving long enough be fore train time to visit the cemetery. BOODLE INVESTIGATION. I herka Aucregatliie >17,500 Have Itaen Traced to a St. Louta Broker. St. Louis, Sept. 27. —Developments in the "boodle" investigation were sensational yesterday, subpoenas having been Issued at the instance of Circuit Attorney Folk, commanding Rroker James Campbell and William Reed, his cashier, to appear in court with two check, aggregating $47,500, dated November 2S, IWJ, and payable to Ed Butler, a prominent local j>oli tieian, and explain tin' purpose for which the checks were drawn. It was found, on investigation by the grand jury, tliat both checks had been cashed and returned to Broker Camp bell. 'lTie date of these cheeks was the same as the day on which the ten year lighting bill passed the house of delegates, for which 10 members are said to have received $2,500 each for their votes. Up to a late hour deputy sheriffs were unable to serve sub poenas. At Itroker Campbell's office it was stated that lteed lifel not been there since Thursday and that his em ployer was in the east. Another session of the grand jury was held, several witnesses being ex amined. All additional effort to se cure the release on writs of habeas corpus of the four former members of the house of delegate* who are now in jail awaiting trial on charges of bribery ami perjury, failed. l*ardoued by Ilia l*realdeut. Washington, Sept, ;J7. The presi dent lot if ranted a full pardon to Wil liam lliiikcllu, convicted 111 ls»o be fore a I iiitcd "Wales consular court in Japan, of the murder oft liurles 11. Mibott, Hrst mate of the \iuerican ship lenteiiiii.il, (lie prisoner being the sc. I male of Ihc ship. lliiikcllu ha bc 'it in pri HI for more than U'J sears t»,i in** in Japan and more ilinn I'n yearn in the Vlbuuy, V V., pflum lie |j 111 l 11l I-1• ■ I I list t lie • ii Hl.* ua> t •lUHillted ill the In at ol p. lull HI.U Hhen he U*tl«ld them- IN FIVE COUNTIES. State Troops Are Camped in Pennsylvania. Itlotlng and (ifineral litwlrMneii Con* Unite* In the ICntlre Hard int representa tives to meet In a ifreat convention In this city at the earliest possible date to consider ways and means to force a resumption of tin- coal pro duction, either by pressure of public opinion or by government interven tion, which should be demanded if other measures fail." \ committee twin appointed by President Smith and they will meet next Monday night to consider tho propos-d convention. TliluU* III* lull I* llllloccill. Paris, Sept. ;7. \ represcnta*lve of the press ha Interviewed .John W. Young, father of William llooper Voting, who I* charged with the mur der in New York of \nna I'ulit/er. Mr. Yoniiir -aid: "I am convinced that inN on i innocent ami I bull do the utmost iu in\ power to help them, while if I thought iilni guilty of stieli a crime. I would n «> mot* my hsnil to »nv* him from ju-1 i> 112 \l t »