Cameron County press. (Emporium, Cameron County, Pa.) 1866-1922, April 19, 1900, Image 1

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

    THE CAMERON COUNTY PRESS.
ESTABLISHED BY C. I>. GOUI.D, MARCH, 1866.
VOL. -35.
STORE NEWS.
p Tailor-Made
Costumes.
ru (let a good tailor to make
n] you any of these suits and the
cost would be double ours.
u| But these were made not by
ft good tailors, but by the best
Hi tailors in the land. Odd ! Not
p] at all, the lending suit makers
fO would soon loose their lead ii
uj they had any but the lin est
In tailors and cutters to fashion
K out the thoughts of the most
§ skillful designers. Done by
ru the vast number, the cost is
n] minimized —hence you get the
H! highest priced service at, less
In cost than if you ordered to
[jj measure.
# SPRINGTIME AT THE *
11H. OLMSTED I
>• STOZO-ZES, <"
¥ " T- &
V' Now is the time you ■£■!
& want floor coverings. & ;
£ • y
'7f Carpets, Matting, etc. ,U ■
X We've got "em." Ele
gant line of Tapestry,
# all wool Ingrains, some
that are not all wool, $
U Rag, Jute, etc. No sam
jvl pie business. We meas- U
y ure and match the carpets
Pin your presence. /
Largest line of Mat- fj
# tings. All prices, from $
the cheapest to the best #
W cotton chain matting. >:
w Window Shades.
Fi The largest, best and \T
$ cheapest line of Lace A
[£'. Curtains ever shown in "4.'.
1$ Emporium.
J3, All cotton goods are
a advancing in price. w
□ . iA
Muslins. <•£>
W We have an nice as- #
sortmeut of Muslins,
Prints, Ginghams, Per
cales, Satines, etc., which ■ !.
you will save money by q
r, buy ins r now. \)
' , '■*:
'j Dress Croods. w
jvl Our line of dress goods ,Q..
vf is fine. Crepoues, Vene- V)'
tions, all colors in pat- j }
terns; no two alike. 4
Beautiful "Foulard" $
W Silks, hemstiched, all
colorings. The proper J
Q thing for Shirt Waists.
U Choice assortment of y
'rf dress Skirts from 50c, to :
ft bs-00.
' 0 $
"Q Gents' 1 Furnishings.
}.X Pants, Shirts, Overalls, YJ
yi' Blouses, Hosiery, Neck- .Q,
n wear, etc.
5# Staple Groceries.
<> Teas, Coffee, Tobacco, *£j
# Granulated Sugar, 6c at A
present. Also everything ;■<£
U in the grocery line. p
■% C. JAY GOODNOUGH, '/#
n Assignee.
■ * '■s>>'' <■- ■
"'so EASTMAN'S KODAK £ t 0 r-\ S~" ' "^tV
|IJ '• *- LOYD ' S LONG RANGE FORECAST OF THE
iiTMrn' ; \ WEATHER AND EASTMAN'S KODAK.
If! I ,"\ j Where to draw llic linn on Master Sunday and llio opening of '
it, ■" " < i TJifl,, ... f./\ TV™,,,,, \ tin: fishing scion this year will b:* a hard lint- to draw, but for us l|
|j» i\&W!££gSS/J ( £ SlflClG 10 IIIu, 11 4 W( ' s:i .V thai t in-li-liing >e;:.-on shall not commence until the close of j:
yjj 1 £ £ .Master Sunday. We have a full lino of Easter novelties, and also jj;
1- FRIDAY, Fair and cooler. •. the host line of fishing tackle that has came to our town. •"For ryj
'Jj SATURDAY, Partly cloudy. £ want of a nail the shoe was lost.*' For wan! ol' goo 1i! .dug tackle the iish will he lost; for want i !
P SUNDAY, Showers. ( of the lish the fisherman was lost; for want of he fisherman the lish story will he ilji
I'J ~ 112 missing. We have a gloss enamel paint, making an elegant paint for linisliiug rooms on either ijjj
ill Voa ! "~ n .'■"' r . v " ni.vourUaiKiy.diiyf.ijr shoui- 3> '('he liard wood or walls: also good for furniture picture frames and decorating of all kinds. !ji|
I.LJ aer, in your pocket or on yonrblcyele. < rl „ . ° "Jl
! | Yo'» preßs the button and the Kodak will > 1 his paint costs no more than ("iiunioii oil paints, oat it will not i-liril yellow on exposure. jj
\ HARRY S. LLOYD,
Ladies' Waists.
A display of new and stylish £
waists as never before —as can |jj
be found nowhere else —them
creations of the best waist mak- [Jj
ers in America, it is by far jjj
the greatest collection in town, pj
Fabrics of the best, styles the [{]
newest and prices lower than Uj
even this store, with its reputa- Li
tion for selling goods lower than [n
otliers, lias ever equalled. [jj
Window Shades.
Buy a. good shade—not a u|
poor shade at a low price—but [n
a good shade at which you W
know such a shade can be sold, m
We sell good shades. A shade id
that will not wear, is not cheap j{]
if given away. uj
'ML. O. TILTX.:!©..
* \ N N \ V \ \ N, m V \/
! W. If. GRAIER'S i
POPULAR VARIETY
/ STORE. /
/ New arrivals in the 1900 styles of /
' LADIES'
< TAILOR-MADE
z SUITS and SKIRTS, /
* of the newest style ami best makes.
/
/ LADIES'JACKETS and CAPES. /
/ /
Ladies' Laundered and Mer-
cerized Shirt waists of newest
patterns. Calico and Perc-al ■'
/ Wrappers. All kind of yard s|
goods, Corsets, Glove:-, Hosiery, /
/ Notions, Household Furnishing ,
j Goods, Silver, China, Glass,
* ■ Agate, Tin and Crockery Ware.
/ Also a good line of Wall Paper, /
/ Window Curtains and Oil Cloth.
I I
' W. H. CRAMER. ;
/"\ V \ \ \ \ \ \ \ s \\
OLD RELIABLE j
DRUG STORE'S l!
Prescription Department
is up to date in every par
ticular. Hundreds will at
test to the very low prices.
1 30 years experience.
IVal! Paper.
2000 rolls at 3c per roll.
A great variety of high
grade paper at greatly re
duced prices.
Paints! Paints! Paints!
i ! I
Paints, oils and varnishes, >
a full line. Enamel paints,
varnishes and stains, in all
colors.
Fishing Tackle.
Save money ! Call for your Prescrip
-1 tions, Wall Paper, Paints, Oils Fishing
Tackle.
L. TAGUART, Prop.
"Liberty and Union, One and Inseparable." — WEBSTER.
EMPORIUM, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 19,1900.
Here is a Chance for Everybody to
Own a Bank.
Every person, young or old, should
keep a bank account. It's what you
save, not what you earn, that makes
you rich. Save the dimes and the dol
lars will take care of themselves. The
First National Bank of Emporium,
gives you an opportunity to start a
bank account.
Next Saturday afternoon from 2:30
p. m., until 4:00 p. m., if you call
at the Bank we will loan you one of
our Home Savings Banks, if you will
deposit §2.00, credit for which will be
given you in a pass book. The §2.00
we require before loaning you the
Bank, will be returned to you when
ever you desire to return the Bank to
us.
Its advantages:—You have in your
home a bank always open for
you can drop in small amounts you
would not take to any bank, thus pre
venting you from spending it You
cannot shake or get it out, as we hold
the key. These Home Savings Banks
are to bo brought to Bank every two
months, to be opened and the amount
placed to your credit on your pass
book, between the hours of 2:30 and
•1:00 p. m., on the last Saturday of the
following months : January, March,
May, July, September and November.
Start your children with one of these
handsome nickelplated Home Savings
Banks, as this is one of the best plans
ever devised to encourage them in
economy and frugality.
Laboring men or women, who are
able to lay aside a small amount daily
or weekly, will find these safes the
most convenient and effectual means
to accomplish that end.
FIRST NATIONAL BANK.
T. B LLOYD, Cashier.
Creighton—Mullen.
Thos. I'. Mullen, of Sheffield, Pa.,
and Miss Bridget Creighton, of this
place, were married at St. Mark's
Catholic Church, last Tuesday morn
ing and left on mail west for Sheffield,
where Mr. Mullen is engaged in busi
ness. The happy collide have a host
of well-wishing friends in Emporium,
all of whom join the PRESS in extend
ing hearty congratulations. Mr. Mul
len will be remembered as one of the
drillers employed by our citizens upon
the recent wells drilled in this section.
The bride has resided here all her life
and is a daughter of our townsman
Michael Creighton. She is universally
respected by our citizens.
Notice to Wheelmen.
Bicycles have no more right on pub
lic sidewalks than have horses and
carriages, according to a decision of
the Supreme Court of the United
States. Sidewalk.; are maintained for
tho use of pedestrians and the riding
of bicycles on the sidewalks of Fourth
street and Allegany avenue has become
a public nuisance.
Hereafter all persons riding wheels
on the above walks will be liable to ar
rest and line as the law directs.
The law will be enforced.
E. O. BARD WELL, Chief Burgess.
Reduced Rates to Renovo Account
Odd Fellows Day.
For the benefit of those desiring to
attend the I. O. O. F. Anniversary at
Renovo, Thursday, April 20th, the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company will
sell excursion tickets to Renovo from
all stations, Kane to Sunbury, inclu
sive, at rate of one first class fare for
the round trip, with minimum of 25c.
Tickets to be good on April 26tli, only.
Restored the Reduction.
C. B. Howard & Co., have restored
the ten per cent.cut in wages, made in
1894, and at last Saturday's payday the
men received their advance. Of
course the employees were delighted.
Disgraceful.
The disgraceful drunken scenes
almost nightly taking place iu Em
porium, calls for some action on the
part of our officials. It is simply
an outrage.
EASTHR AT THE CHURCHES.
Large Attendance at all Churches -
Fine Singing—Elaborate Programs.
Last Sunday was a beautiful day and
greatly aided in making Easter day a
happy occasion in Emporium. The
services at the several churches were
more elaborate than for years.
EPISCOPAL.
The floral decorations in the Emman
uel Church were rich and chaste.
Easter and calla lilies adorned the altar
and front, potted hyacinths stood in
the windows beside the altar, and
palms before th 6 lectern and praver
desk.
The musical part of the services was
well rendered. Tours' service was
used, with Smart's Te Deum and Stain
er's Easter anthem, "They Have Taken
Away i\ly Lord."
The sermon was from the text, "Ex
cept a corn of wheat fall into the
ground and die, it abidetli alone: but if
it die, it bringeth forth much fruit."
The truth was set forth that Christ died
and rose again and ascended to Heaven
for the purpose of incorporating (for
Ilia followers) His wonderful character
of love and goodness with the unseen
world. The termination of His indi
vidual earthly existence, His departure
to the unseen world, was indeed the
falling of <a corn of wheat into the
ground ;itjwas ma agie touch which has
opened up and vitalized and made
available, for the purposes of man's
spiritual life, the infinite resources of
the unseen, eternal world.
The following vestrymen were chos
en at the parish meeting on Monday
evening: A. W. Baker, Thos. Gallagher,
B W. Green, Josiah Ifoivard, W. H.
Howard, Joseph Kaye, J. D. Logan, C.
P. Mankey, Thos. Trotter, Georgo A.
Walker.
METHODIST.
The Easter services in the M. E.
Sunday School was not so elaborate
this year, on account of the prevailing
sickness, but the program, while short,
was unique in character.
The opening service, "Mary Magda
lene," was fine. After this three little
girls, Edith DeArmot, Bessie Covert
and Margaret Ullrich, took their places
in front of the pulpit, and Miss Maude
Tb o mas, re presen ti n g "death, "occupied
one side of the altar and Miss Nellie
Lingle, representing "life," on the oth
er side. Bessie Covert recited "The
Child's Easter Question," in eloquent
style, after which Edith DeArmot and
Margaret Ullrich recited and sang "My
Mother's Song,"the rendition of which
was delightful. Misses Thomas and
Ling'ie performed their parts nicely
and the effect was highly pleasing.
Rev. Metzler gave au excellent talk,
appropriate to the occasion, expressing
delight with the program.
At this juncture the primary depart
ment was tendered their Easter offer
ings c onsisting of candy rabbits, etc.
PRESBYTERIAN.
AS usual, Easter services were held
at the Presbyterian Church on last
Sabbath which was largely attended.
The music by the choir was unusually
fine. The theme of the sermon by the
pastor was the Resurrection of the
Saviour. An argument in support of
the great truth was presented as based
on the unanswerable evidence which
is open to every earnest student of the
Bible, and the history of its application
to the world. The Sabbath School
scholars were each and all presented
with a beautiful Easter card. The ser
vices of the Junior Endeavor Society
and the Senior Society were gathered
about the same central truth. The
evening service was one for the chil
dren, consisting mainly of songs, an
thems, and five or six earnest addresses
by as many different persons. The
pulpit and platform had been beauti
fully decorated with lilies and an at
tractive display of other flowers.
CATHOLIC.
Easter Services at St. Mark's was the
most elaborate ever witnessed in Em
porium An elaborate program was
prepared and under Rev. Downey's
direction was admirably rendered, viz:
10:30 A. M., HIGH MASS.
Organ Solo,. ."Toccata in I). Miner,"....B. Bach.
"Kyrie," Leonard.
"Gloria," Leonard.
"Credo," Mozart.
"Offertory," Ilaca Diea, A. Werner.
"Sanctur," Leonard.
'•Annus Dor," Leonard.
"Hallehujah Chorus," Handel Gottschalz.
EVENING SERVICE, 7:30 I'. M.
Organ Solo, Batlisle.
Vespers, Marzo.
"Regina Caeli," E. Mikel.
"O Salutans," Verdi.
"Tantura Ergo," i*'« are.
"Te Deum," Grerjorion.
March, Clark.
At the morning service which was
very largely attended. Father Down
ey delivered an able sermon—the moat
eloquent he has ever given to this con
gregation The floral offerings were
the handsomest ever seen here and the
decorations simply beggars description.
The chancel and altar was one beauti-
ful mound of costly cut flowers, palms,
ferns and potted plants. Never has it
been our opportunity or privilage to
witness a more beautiful Easter decora
tion. and if it has not yet been removed
it will repay any of our readers to visit
the church and view the lovely sight.
Well may Father Downey be proud of
the work so tastily arranged by the
ladies of his congregation.
OFFICIAL PROGRAM
For the Celebration of the Odd Fellows
Anniversary.
IT IS TO BE THE BEST YET HELD.
Fourth Regiment, Patriarchs .Militant to Take-
Part in the Parade—Grand Lodge Of
ficers to be Present, Pub
lie rieeting at Night.
Williamsport Orit.
The official program for tho celebra
tion at Renovo on Thursday, April 26,
of the eighty-first anniversary of Amer
ican Odd Fellowship was finished the
past week. The Pennsylvania Odd
Fellows' Anniversary association, un
der whose auspices the celebration will
be held, will be ably seconded by the
Renovo lodge and the citizens gener
ally of that lively town. It is the pur
pose of the Association to make this the
last anniversary of the nineteenth cen
tury, the most magnificent of any
celebration held during the 1G years of
the Association's existence.
As already stated in Grit, the local
Odd Fellows lodge are preparing to
turn out a large delegation. Final .ar
rangements for the trip have not been
completed, but it is likely that the
choice of a band and other matters will
soon bo attended to. The Pennsylva
nia Railroad company has granted a
special rate of one fare for the round
trip, and a big delegation of citizens
will accompany the Odd Fellows. All
the principal hotels of Renovo have
granted special rates for meals, and the
ladies of tho various churches and the
R. R. Y. M. C. A. will also serve meals
at a cheap rate.
The annual meeting of tho Anniver
sary Assaciation will be held at 30:30 a.
m.
Tne parade will take place at 2 p. m.
The formation will bo as follows:
Officers of the Day.
Chief Marshal Theodore W. Nicholas of Renovo
Lodge No. 595.
Aids to Ohief Marshal—H. D. Nelson of Dexter
Encampment No. 163 and C. H. Miller
of Renovo Lodge No. 595.
American Flag.
Citizens Cornet Band of Renono.
Philadelphia and Erie Fire Brigade and West
Branch Jfo.se Company acting as escort.
The lirst division will be composed of the
Fourth regiment, Patriarchs Militant, under
command oi" Maj -Gen. Ed. C. Deans and stall',
who will also be accompanied by 13rig.-Gen. J. B.
Andrews and stall* oi Altoona.
The second division will be iu command o£
Marshal John L. Miller, superintendent of the
Odd Fellows Orphan home of .Sunbury; aids,
Messrs. Frank Brown of Jersey Shore and Harry
Blair of Williamsport; the encampments and
lodges from Blair, Centre, Northumberland, Ly
coming and Clearfield counties.
The third division will be commanded by Dr.
J. Sweissfort of Danville; aids, Mr. Frank L. fley
drick of Lock Haven and others to be appointed:
encampments and lodges from Clinton, Cameron,
Tioga, Elk and McKean counties; carriages con
taining distinguished Odd Fellows, the Ilenovo
Borough council, Chief Burgess, School Board,
and ollicers of the association and speakers.
Upon tho arrival of organized bodies
at Renovo they will report as follows:
Captains of cantons to Col. D. E. Long
in at the Opera house, Patriarchs Mili
tant headquarters; marshals of lodges
and encampments to chief marshal's
headquarters in the Opera house.
The different divisions will form for
parade as follows: First division, Huron
avenue, east, right resting on Seventh
street; second division, Sixth street,
south, right resting on Huron avenue.
The signal to assemble for the parade
will be the ringing of the Presbyterian
church bell at 1:30 p. m.
The signal to move to column will be
the ringing of the same bell at 2 p. m.
The route of march will be up Huron
avenue to Third street, out Third to
Erie avenue, down Erie to Fourteenth,
down Fourteenth to Huron, up Huron
to Eighth, down Eighth to Ontario ave
nue, up Ontario to sixth, out Sixth to
Erie, countermarch and dismiss.
Immediately afier the parade the ad
dress of welcome will bo delivered by
Renovo's chief burgess, Mr. James A.
Smith, on behalf of the citizens of Ren
ovo. P. G. P. C. Moyer will welcome
tho visitors on behalf of the Odd Fel
lows of Renovo Response will be
made by Mr. William H. Kiees, presi
dent of the association. Short address
es will be delivered by the Hon. Chal
fant of Danville, past grand master of
the Grand lodge of Pennsylvania; Maj.
Gen , Ed. C. Deaii3 of Scranton, com
mander of the Patriarchs Militant,
Department of Pennsylvania, and the
Rev. B. H. Hart of Jersey Shore.
The degree staff of Gracie ludgo No.
212, D. of R., will confer the degree
with the Pennsylvania Beautiful work
in the Opera house at 4 p m.
The West Branch Hose company, ac
companied by a band, will give an ex
hibition drill on the ball grounds west
of tho P. & E. depot at 4 p. m., which
will be followed by a bicycle parade
j from 5 to 0 p. m.
At 7:30 o'clock the doors of tho Opera
house will bo thrown open to the public.
The exercises will begin promptly at 8
o'clock. Tho program will he as fol
lows: Singing by a chorus, composed
of 150 voices, conducted by Maj..! C. F.
Ivunkle; tamborine drill and march by
](i young ladies, under the direction of
Mrs. 11. M. Smead of Renovo, singing
by the chorus; address by the Rev. B.
H. Hart of Jersey Shore on "Odd Fel
lowship;" singing by the chorus.
There will bo a meeting of the High
School Alumni at the High School,
Friday evening at 7:30 o'clock. The
presence of all members is desired.
Local news on sth page.
TERMS: $3.00 —$1.50 IN ADVANCE.
L'OCAL JNQTIGES.
The old stand-by Clothing House of
N. Seger's is the place to buy clothing.
Have you seen our up-to-date line of
gent's furnishing goods? N. SEGER.
Fine line of picture moulding at J.
B. Schriever's. The finest line ever
exhibited in Emporium.
We have an elegant line of moulding
for framing paintings, Call and sec
them. " J. 1;. SCHRIEVER.
SHAW'S PURE .AT A R.T has a marvelou
dietetic value. While refreshing and
pleasant to take, ir, helps assimilation
of food. Sold by F. X Ulumle, Empo
rium, Pa. ' n2-yl
Since my return from New York I
have been busy um acking gooes, and
am now prepared to show the gentle
men some handsei::' 4 suits f< little
money. N. SEGER.
PAINTING AND PAPER HANGING —I
am prepared to contract for painting
and paper hangingandfurnish my own
wall paper and paints, from th- bent
ilrms. Eighteen years experience.
6-31 F. H. PEARSALL.
FOR RENT on SALE.— Emporium
Creamery. Equipped with all first
class up-to-date appliance. l . Terms
reasonable. Apply to R. P. HEJI AN,
President, Emporium, Pa. u 4t
WANTED: —Active parties to sell Tea,
j Coffee, Spices and liakiag Powder to
families. Liberal commission allowed.
Apply to Grand Uuion Tea Co , 3:; V. r .
Long Auc , Dußois, Pa. 6 3t.
SEED POTATOES.- Choice Early Sued
Potatoes can be purchased from the
undersigned. Orders Wt with John
Schlect at Emporium will receive at
tention. J. .T. SCHWAB,
Cameron, Pa.
NEW LIVERY STABLE —Having re
; centlv purchased the entire livery stock
of Chas. Fry and Laving added nmv
j vehicles, am prepared to meet: the pat
ronage of the pub! i ■
HARRY M. FRY.
i S-4t PEAu.sox L. FRY, Mgr.
Gentlemen:—l have the largest stock
of ready-made clothing, and gent!)'
famishing goods in Cameron connty,
and when you find it convenient come
in and get our price -i, wnioh will dem
onstrate to you that it is not neei .-eary
; togo ot lid out of town for goods in
our line. JASPER HARRIS,
8-2t Opposite P. O.
j AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. — 112 have
secured the exclusive L >
I Aspinwall Manufacturing Company's
agricultural iinplemc: . con ;iliugof
Potato Planter, Cutt< r, Diyger, Weeder
also Sprayer, Sorter and i-'« ill; t I
tributor. Call at my si- re at Si rli:
' Ban and see these machine
nl-tf J. K. SMI ni.
Nobby hats, stylish *} es, t!:e ! •
| style shirts, collars, n> : k tics, etc , arc
none too good for our en : :>-er-.
we assure you that our :;oods are At us
well as up-to-date, a d b ■ • mr
J prices are right do not think the .;ods
i are less valuable. An inspection will
| give you an intelligent idea of what we
offer you for your money.
S-2t JASPER HARRIS, Opposite P. O.
GHOST OF TIU: GLACIER AND other
tales, including Making a Revolution,
i Susquehanna '('rail, Sculpture of the
! Elfs. Once a Pillar of the World,
Feathers of Fashion, and others. A
delightful volume, beautifully illustrat
ed. Ready for distribution about May
1. Send 10 cents toT. W. Lee, Gen
eral Passenger age. •, Lackawanna
road, 20 Exchange Place, New York
City. Edition limited. ~3t
Were you ever a little boy, with skin
tight jeans—a veritable Browney?—
well, none of th. now-a-days win n
you buy your children's < lulling of us.
The little boy looks like a little gent
man in one of our suits. They are
made by experienced 'and.;, and not
skimpy. Come in and see them, our
prices will suit you without a doubt.
Also in men's clothing we have ov r
300 suits to select from, ind hundreds
of pants from 50c to £-3.00.
JASPER HARRIS,
8-2t Opposite P. O.
Best Wishe3.
i Miss Minnie Haver and Mr. Geuryo
liishell, of Erie, formerly of this place
were married ft Erie last January.
They have kept the r. vs from (heir
Emporium friends for a joke. Only
the families being familiarised with th<
fact. The young couple have many
warm friends hero who join us in ex
tending hearty congratulations and
best wishes for their future prosperity
and happiness. Miss Haver was o»io of
our most promising young school teach
era, and Mr. liishell is a brother ct Mr.
Chas. Rishell, the He assistant of Mr
: Geo. J. Laßar, furniture dealer at this
place,
i .
Quay Will bs seated.
On Tuesday next Mr, '."my v.*ill be
1 seated. The seat in the front row,
which ho occupied for twelve years, ha
been held for him. The ant i- Qua., p< .■-
pie admit defeat privately. Senator
: Chandler says the Pennsylvania!! will
: have a ''good clear majority." s v nator
Wolcott says six majority : Penrose says
five, and Stewart says five.
Notice to L. O. T. Al.
All members of Gladioli Hive, No.
32, L. O. T. M., are hereby notiflea that
beginning Tuesday, May Ist, regular
review will beheld eachTucsdav even
ing at s o'clock, instead oi" Thursday,
as heretofore.
HELENA M. BCTLEK, R. K.
NO. 8.