i
‘
LUME 1.
oelanzzuve applaziaa
TO THE PATRONS 4 -
I
E ERIE - OBSERVER,
2Jannarn 1, 1849.
A llApr, New YEsn!
Tho Devil is here,
'With his annual bundlo of rhymes.
And if you would still •
• Retain his good will.
„ Be liberal, and shell out the DiMz
t.n TINE again lila chain has wound,
liepared to run another round— ,
gain the humble CARRIER BOY
reels you with 'happiness and joy;
hrough Summer heat and Autumn rain,
if o *award trudg'd , and to tour hand
nought News from every clime and land,
it—anecdote—extravaganza,
1 1
nd poesy, full many a stanza, ,
1 ith romance, Telegraph advisements,
't art iages, death, and advertisements, •
Of new goods-, new firms and , neW inventions,
Ellnd ,medieines of high Pretensions--'
P tent eyrups, salves and pills
lough to cure all huiroan ills;
O murders, too-4tlisasters dire,
S d accidents, by flood and tire,
. i
Iltiveln the Observer been related.
Obedient to a custom, old
.Mt Dr. Faust, (so we are told.)
Each New Yeturday is held to be -
Tito Printer's Devil's jubilee,
On which he makes a friendly call •
rpon his patrons, one and all, •
I lecounting o'er to them iti rhyme,;
1 ho .doinge of OLD FATHEIt TIME.
far in Oriental land,
Chore tyranny, with iron hand,
ath ruled with unrelenting might.
I seen the thwn of Freedom's
frdde ray that light is now.
ut like the cloud on Carmel's brow.
!it'd by the prophet seer of yore,
loon will spread tho Ilcarens o'er.
Is like that cloud, fur in it pent
re lightnings, muttering to be sent
I, dye the stern oppressor's rod.
reeds are rift by belts from God:
is like that cloud, for every howl,
gathers moieety and power,
.spots are trembling nt the sight
Freedom's distant beacon light.
4:4T): was the first to raise the cry,
id strike for God and Liberty! "; .
e struck-.-and o'er her ancient plain
in crimson current tlow'd like rain.
.1
io struck and conquered! Bourbon Kings
e now among forgotten things,
id liberty her Watch ii.tth cwt, ' -
Guard the twine of Lafayette.
r "has beeu"-Kimi, is rich in wealth.
,i 1 grant hint happiness and health,
i , l'yeti e rs--but when he ref. irns to dust,
' K i ngs and Queen. . like beggars. must,
, ,
ills let hisepitupli appear,
lic lass King of thc, French lics hers."
I,
ad of Steuben! at ast'in thee,
d bitont . gorz», of Llbetty
I , s burst =end bristh,ig sabres shine,
oitg the valleys of the Rhine;
bike home! and make the rant feel -rIIIr
Ito patriot's arm—thi patriut's steel.
lint though your martyred sons aspire?
ctints of despotic ire;
welt the winds of (leaven cm l nland,
stein the tide with r 0, of tiawt
I- stifle freedom in thu bud.
ith murdered innocence and hlodd!
ort-nutted fools! each drop that 'a ',hod
I ill raise a warrior in its stead. '
l oss on, and let your motto be,
Vo can, we dare, WE W7..1_ LIE YILLY.:"
nir.—han4hty mistress of the world,
long in l'apul darkness furled,
thundering at the Vatican, •
mantling thoro "the right: of lean."
elle Pope, at first. in sore surprise, •
'l.gs time to think, and rub his eyes,
I hen calls his monial3 to redress
sch rudeness toward 1155 holiness.
is quite too late, the tittle is past,
Ilia temporal power is shorn, at last,
I ',A by persuasion—not by word,
tut by the bayonet and sword:
l'ut yesterday that old man's call
ould tong from Germany to Ganl,
Ind thrice ten thousand spears had shone
[Frieling arotind the Vapid throne,
And tierce defiance had been hurrd
Gainst half of an embattled world.
IRMA:Mt is them nalhope for thes?
'I hen brightest gem of all the sea!
1/hen will thy bards' renew (ho strain
( ancient hill again?
ot while her sone in bondage weep
fs resit God! shall justice over sleep?
And Irelavd's wrongs be nuredressed,
11 erself - down.frodden and oppressed?
it will the proud usurper be,
I ike Korai), swallowed by the
Or. like the cities of the plain,
;Jo visited With fiery rain?
P °corer slaves . ? it cannot be
'ho Shamrock Isle will yet free!
f Denmark, Austria, and lIIIRSi/11. 1.
pain, England. Portugal. and Prustm,
ou ve read—or might—for as I hinted
'he news from each has all been printed.
'ow turn we from a foreign strand,'
o thin, our own, our native land,
, nd briefly recapitulate
oleo doings here of Forty-Eight.
Ind first i'll talk of the election,
tis ftuitful source of disaffection.
Chreo candidates were on the Book.
Pa) tor, Cala, and Kiudorhook:
(71100 was a Democrat, a whole,
rpright, honest, noble soul.
Who oft his held important station
a council, both of State and Nation;
Ylioso principles tho people kneW
Were Democratic, through and through.
Old Kinderhook, a supple turner;
An abolition, New York Burner.?
Entered the Presidential track,
With master Johnny at his back.
Who filed up sundry baits and jiggers
To catch Freo-dirters. Whigs; and Nigger'.
Au principles, as they are wrote,!
Would cut a match to Joseph's coat.
Tajlor was put upon the course
Because he rode the old White Horse,
For the Whigs most stoutly claim'd him
As theirs, in "sentiment and feeling,"
(Which little better' was thou stealing.)
But Bough and Ready came outratraight,
And said ho want their candidate , .
Nor of their doctrines an erronerie.
And farlhermore, saith this deponent.
Tile General never did gainsay •
But that ho rode at Monterey
The old White Horse, (a good old nag
No doubt,) nor what ho said to Bragg.
/14 principles all know, of tours..
They were, ho rode "The old White Horse."
The contest came, and Cass was [
worsted.
(114 Kinderhook comptetoly bursted;
The Obi White Horse with hood erect.
Became the President elect;
The Whigs hove nearly ceas'd to bout:
They fesr they've reckoned "lest their host."
And some begin to wear long faces.
Lest Whitey should kick o'er the trues.
And raise confusion among the dishes
Of thoso who long for loaves and fishes;
IC other words they think he may
Prove "Taylor too," without tho a.
P Paco , harmony, and perfect order.
Prevail upon our Southern border—
In nettling terms, we took a slice
Of Territory, fine arid nice.
E'en those who wore so sharply l paiu'd
At even• victory we irain'd,
And said of Ttiylor. rourirroue Words.
Vol voted far Wm afterwards')
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SKETCHES OF CALIFORNIA,
Tn
,excitement in relation to the newly discovered
treasures in California, and the movement thithorwerd is
such. that the following sketches of the country, embra
cing the gold region upon the Sacramento and San Joa
quin rivers, the Grata Basin, and the S'alt Lakes, cannot
prove otherwise than entertaining. They are taken from
Colonel Fremont's geographical memoir of tho couwxy,
latch• addressed to the United States Senate. The pop
ulation of San Francisco and of the gold region, and for
a hundred miles around, was in July last, about 5,000
souls, including men, women and children. The emi
gration from other rats of California, of the disbanded
soldiers of Col. Stevenson's regiment, and of the runa
way sailors front ships, will probably increase the pointla.
lion 1500 more. _Our Government has sent out 1000 Sol
diers. and the numerous ships advenised to sail will each
carry not mom or less passengers, while several
expedi
tions have gone by land across the continent, so that it iy
estimated that by tho first of June next, there will be a
population of from twelve to fifteen thousand. Which du
ring the coming summer—such will be the tide of end- ,
gration from the West, as soon as shipping shall open
-may be nearly doubled.
SIERRA.NEVIDA.
The Sierra Navada is part of the great mountain range,
which, under different names and with different eleva
tions, but with much uniformity of direction and general
proximity to the coast, extends from the peninsula of Cal
ifornia to Russian America. and without a gap in OM dis
tance through which the water of the Rocky mountains
could reach the Pacific ocean, except at the two places
whore the Columbia and I'razer's liver rcapectipy-find
their passage. This -great range is remarkable for its
length. its proximity dud parallelism to the sea coast, its
great elevation. often tutore lefty than the Rocky :noun
;tains, and its many grand volcanic peaks, reaching high
'into the region of perpetual snow. Rising singly, like
pyramids, front Iteavily timbered plateaux, to the height
of fourteen and seventeen thousnd feet above the sea ,
these snowy peaks constitute ,th characterizing feature
(litho rungs , and distinguish it rem the Rocky nioun
-1
tains and all others on our part of the continent.
That Part of ttlis- - rantro .which traverses th. AlO.. •
fornia coiled t citerre Arvada, ksnowy mpuntam)— I
a name in itself implying a great elevation, as it is only
applsod, is Spanish geography, to the mountains whose
summits penetrate the region of perpetual snow. his' a
grand feature of California, and a dominant) one, and
must be well understood before tho structure f the coun
try and the character of its different divist its can, be
comprehended. It divides California into tt parts, and.
exercises a decided influence on the clime / e, soil, and
productions of each. Stretched along the oast, and at
the general distance of 150 miles front it, thin 'mat moun
tain wall receives the warm winds, charge with vapor,
whiCh sweep across the Pacific ocean, prep pitates their
aqiimulated moisture in fertilizing rains a d snows up.
on its western flank, and leaves cold and dry winds to
pass on to the east. Hence the characteristic difference
of the two regions—mildness, fertility, end a superb veg
etable kingdom ou ono side, comparative barrenness and
cold on the other.
The two sides of die Sierra exhibit two distinct cli
mates. The state of vegetation, in connection with some
thermometrical observations made during the recent ex
ploring expedition to California,.will establish anclillus
trate this difference. In the beginning of December,
1845, we crossed this Sierra, at latitude 39 dog. 17 Min.
Are very complaisant when told
That California teems with gold.
The OLD Kavirrorna maintains her sway.
Growing more prosperous day by day,
.Iler rivers sweeping to the tide,
Waft her products far and wide,
The busy notes of enterprise
From every town and city rise;
The Iron Horse, dished to his car.
Is thundering o'er the bills afar—
While by the Telegraph's assistance, -
We leap at once o'er time and distance.
Patrons, may von the coming year.
Be blessed with health and goodly cheer.
Have dirties enough laid up in store. '
To pay the Pntarsa—feed the poor;
May those who would get married find
The one best suited to the mind,
And may no pretty, laughing misses,
Be pouting for the lack of kisses.
Patrons—a happy year to you
Aud your's, adieu—adieu!
Tle Sierra Nerada—the Great Basin—the Valleys of the
Sacramento and San Joaquin—the Bayed S'an Han
clam, 4v. 4.c.
12 sec., at the present usual emigrant pass, at the head of
the Salmon Trout river, 40 miles north of Now Helvetia,
and made observations at each base, and in the sumo lat
itude, to determine the respective temperatures; the two
bases being, respectively, the western about 500, and the
eastern about 4,000 feet above the level of the sea; and
the Pass. 7,200 feet. The 'mean result of the otisorva
tions wore, on the eastern side, at sunrise, 9 dog.; at
noon, 44 deg,: at sunset, 30 deg.; the state of vegetation
and the appearance of the country being at the same time
(second week of December) that of confirmed winter; the
rivers frozen over. snow on the ridges, annual plants
dead, grass dry, and decidcous trees stripped of their fo
bags. Attho Western base the mean temperature during
a corresponding week was, at sunrise, 29 deg., and at
sunset 52 dog.; the state of the atmosphere and of vege
tation that of advancing spring; grass fresh and green,.
four to eight inches high, vernal plants in bloom; the air
soft, and all the strecms free from ice. Thus December.
on ono side of tho mountain. was winter; ou the other it
was spring.
_
THE GIEAT BASIN.
East of the Sierra Dq4Aedd; and between it and the
Rocky mountains, is that dtfomalous' feature is our con
tinent. the Great Basin: the existence of Which wased
vanced as a theory after the second expedition, and Is nen ;
established as a geographical • fact. It is a singular fea
ture: a basin of some five hundred miles diameter every
way, between four and five thousand foot above the level
of the sea, shut in all aroud by mountains, with its own
systein of, lakes and rivers. 'and having no connection
whatever with the sea. Partly arid andeparsely inhabi
ted. the general character of the Great Basin is that of a
desert, but with great exceptions, there being many parts
of it fit for the residence of a civilized people; and of these
parts, the Mormons have lately established themselves in
one of the largest and best, Mountain is the predomina
ting structure of the interior of the Basin, with plains bo
tween-,--the mountains wooded and watered. the plains
arid and sterile. The interior mountains conform to the
law which governs the course of the Rocky mountains
and of
. the Sierra Nevada. ranging nearly north and
soiath, and present a very uniform character of abrupt.
nen, rising suddenly from a narrow base of ten to tweni
ty miles, and attaining an elevation of two to fivo thou
sand feet above the level of the country. They are grass
ay" and wooded. showitg 'mow on their summit peaks du
ring the greater part of the year. - and affording smell
streams of water from five, to fifty. feet wide, which lose
themselves. some in lakes. some in dry plains. ) and some
in the belt of alluvial 'oil at diabase; for these Mountains
have very uniformly ibis belt of afluviou, the waah and
abrasion of their sides, rich in excellent grass, fertile. and
light and loose enough to absorb small.streams: Be tween
these mountains are the arid plains
-which receive and
deserve the' name of desert. Such is the getterafec!n
struction of the interior of the Great Basin. more Asiatic
SATURDAY IpRNING, JANUARY 6, 1849.
than American in its character, and mucirrettembling
the elevated region between the Caspian sea and north
ern Persia. The rim of this Basin is massive ranges of
monntains,'Of width the Sierra N vada on the west, and
the Wah-catch and Timpanogos chains on tho east, are
the most conspicuous. On the north, it is separated from
the waters of the Columbia by a branch of tho Rocky
Mountains, and from the gulf of California, on the south,
by a bed dfmoontainouS =lves, of which the exlstanco
has been only recently determined. Sow Abounds on
then) all; on some, in their loftier parts the whole year,
with wood and grass; with copious . s reams of Water.
sometimes amounting to considerable - rivers, flowing in
wards, and forming lakes or sinking in the - sands. Belts
or benches of good alluvion are usually found at their
base.-
The Great Sith Lake and the Utah Lake nro in thi n
Basin, towardsits eastern rim, and e'onitituto its most lit
teristing feature—one'. 'a saturated solution of common
- salt—the other, fresh—the Utah about one hundred fact
above the - level of the Salt Lake, which is itself four
thousand two hundred above the level of the soa, andcon ,
nocred by a strait, or river. thirty-live miles Jong. These
lakes drain an area of ten or twelve thousand square
tidies, and have, on the cast, along the base of the moun
tain, the usual bench of allusion, which extends to a die
lance of three hundred miles, with wood and water, and
abundant grass. The Mormons have established them
selves on the strait between these two lakes, and will
find suill.iont arable land for a largo settlement—Wiper
tent from its position as intermediate between the Mis
sissippi valley and-the,Pacific ocean, and on the lino of
communication to California and Oregon.
The Utah in about thirty-five miles long, and is remark
able for the numerous and bold streams which it receives,
coming down front the mountains 'on thitAtith-enst, all
(realm water, although n large formation of rock salt, ltn
bedded in.red clay, is found within the area on the south
east, which it Oreille. Tho lake and its affluents afford
largo trout and other fish in great numbers, which consti
tute the feud of the Utah Indians during the fishing rea
son. The Great Salt Lake has a very irregular outline,
greatly extended nt time of melting snows. It is - about
seventy miles in length; both lakes ranging nearly north
and send', in conformity to the range of the mountains,
and is remarkable fur its predominance of salt. The
whole lake waters seem thoroughly saturated with it, and
every evaporation of the water leaves salt hehin4. The
rocky shores of the islands are whitened by the spray.
which leaves salt on everything it touches, and a cover
ing like ice forms over the water. which the waves throw
among the rocks. The shores of the lake in the dry sea
son. when tho waters recede. and especially on t 4. South
side. aro whitened with encrustations of fine white salt;
the shallow artns of the lake, at the sonic time. under 'a
, •
slight covering of briny water. present beds of salt for
miles, resembling softened ice, into the horses' feet
sink to the fetlock. - Plants and bushes, blown by the
wind upon these fields, are entirely encrusted with crys
tallized salt, more than in inch in thickness. Upon this
lake of salt the fresh water received. though great In
quantity. has no perceptible effect. No fish, or animal
life of any kind is found in it; the lame on time shore he-'
ing found to belong to winged insects. A,geotogical•cx
nminatiou
of the bed and shores of .thief lake is of the'
highest interest.
MARITIME REGION WFST OF THE SIERRA.
. •
West of the Sierra Nevada, and between that moun
tain and the sea, is the second grand division of Califor
nia, and the only part to which the name applies in the
current language of tho country. It is the occu p ied and
inhabited part, and so different in character—so divided
by the mountain wall of the Sierra from the Great Basin
above—as to constitute a region to itself, with aitructure
and configuration—a soil, climate, and productions—of
its own; and cis northern Persia may be referred to as
some type of the former, so may Italy be referred to as
some point of comparison for the latter. North and
south, this region embraces about ten degrees of latitude
—from 32 deg., where it touches 'the peninsula of Cal
ifornia, to 42 deg., where it bounds on Oregon. East
and west, from the Sierra Nevada to the sea, it will aver
age,, in the middle parts 150 miles; in the northern parts,
200—giving an area of above ono' hundred thousand
square miles. Looking westward from the summit V
the Sierra, the main feature presented is the long, low.
broad valley of the Joaquin and Sacramento rivers—the
two valleys forming ono—five hundred miles long and
fifty broad, lying along the base of tho Sierra, and bound
: ed to the west by the low coast range, of mountains;
which separates the sea. Long dark lined of timber in
dicato the streams, and bright spots mark the intervening
plains. Lateral ranges, parallel to the Sierra Nevada
and the coast, make the structure of the country and
break it Into a surface of valleys and mountains—the
valleys a few hundred, and the mountains two.to four
thousand feet above the sea. These form greater mas
ses, and become more elevated in the north, where some
peaks, as the Sham', enter the regions of perpetualsnow.
Stretched along the mild coast of the Pacific, with a
general elevation in its plains and valleys only a few
hundred feet above the level of the sea—and back by the
long and lofty wall of the Sierra—mildnessand geniality
may be assumed as the_ characteristic of its climate.—
' The inhabitant of corresponding latitudes on the Aden
' tie side of this continent can with difficulty , conceive of
I the soft air and southern productions under the same lat
itudes in the maritime regions of Upper Californ'a.- The
singular beauty and purity of the sky in the south of this
region is charaCterized by Humbult as a Yam phenome
non, and all travellers realize the truth of his descrip-
The present condition of the country affords but slight
data for forming correct opinions of the agricultural ca
pacity and fertility of the soil. Vancouver fOund, at the
mission of San Buenaventura, in 1792, latitude 34 deg.,
16 min., apples. pears, plums, figs, oranges, grapes,
peaches, and pomegranates growing together with the
plantain. banana, cocoa-nut, sugar-cane end indigo. all
yielding fruit in abundance and of excellent quality.—
numb°lt moutions tho olive oil of California as equal to
that of And Aisle, and the wine like that of Canary is
lands. At present but little remains of the high tend va
ions cultivation which had been 'attained at the
missions.. • Under tho mild and paternal administra
tion of the 'll/titers," the
for
- character of the Indi
ans was Made available for labor, and thousands were
employed in tho fields, the orchards and' the vineyards.
At present. but littlo of this former cultivation is seen.—
The fertile valleys . are overgrown with wild trinstardi
vineyards and olive orchards. decayed and neglected. are
among the remaining !instigates; only in some places do
we see the evidences of what the country la capable.—
At San Buenaventura we found the olive trees, in Janu
ary, bending under:the Weight of, neglected fruit; and the
mission of San, Luis Obispo, (latitude :34 dog.) i s still
distinguished for the excellence of its olives, considered
finer and larger than those of the Mediterranean.
The productions of the south differ from those of the
north and 'the middle. Grapes. Mine, Indiin corn, have
been itistaplesi, with many assimilated fruits and grains.
Tobacco bee beta recently introduced i- and the uniform
slimmer heat which follow, the wet season. encl jos un
interrupted by rein. would make the southern i countty
well itclapted to cotton. Wheat is the East product of the
north. where it always constituted the princiPal.eultiva
thin of miatileini. • This proinfees — te be the ' rain grow
. 14 regieu of California. The: - rnolituref'ne the: new' it
,4eitipartiCularly inked to the potato add to the vegeta-
bl6ll common to the United States. which grOw to an
leittmoniinary size. -
Perhaps few parts of the world can produce in such
perfection so great a variety of fruits end grains as the
largo and various regions enclosing the Say of San Fran
dice and drained by Its waters. A view of the map will
show that region and its great extent, comprehending
the entire valleys at the Sacramento and San Joaquin,
and the whole western slope of the' Sierra Nevada.—
General phrases rallies give precise ideas, and I have re.
centso to the notes in my journal to show its climate ,iind
productions by the teat or the thormonetor and the state
of the vegetable kittgdom _
VALLEYS OF THE SACRAMENTO AND SAN
JOAQ,DIN.
- These valleys are one, discriminated only by the names
of the rivers which traverse it. s It is a single valley--a
single geographical formation—near 09 miles long, ly
ing at the Western base of the Sierra Nevada, and be
tween it and Ithe coast range of mountains, and stretok
ing across the head of the bay of San . Francisco, with
which a delta of twenty miles connects it. The two
rivers, San Joaquin and Sacramento, rise at opposite
ends of this long valley, receive numerous streams,
many of thorn bold rivers, rum the Sierra Nevada, be
come theinselves navigable rivers flow towards each
other, meet half way, and enter the bay of San Fran-
Cisco together, in the region of tido water, making a
continuous lit ow line from one end to the other.
The valley of the San Joaquin is abliat 300 miles long
and 60 broad, between the slopes of the coast motintain
'And the Sierra Nevada, with a general elevation of only
a few hundred feet above th. 4 level of the sea. It pro
sante a variety of soil, from dry end unproductive to well
- watered and luxuriantly fertile. The eastern (which is
`the fertile) side of tho valley Is intersected with numer
ons streams, forming large and very beautiful bottoms of
fertile land, wooded principally with white oaks (quercus
Inagiglantta, Torr and Frew.) iu open groves of hand
some trees, often five or six feet iu diameter, and from.
Sixty to eighty fuot high. Only the larger streams, which
are fifty to ono hundred and fifty yards wide, and drain
the upper parts of the mountains, pass entirely across
the valley, forming the 7'nhirs lakes and the San Joaquin
river, which, in the rainy season. make a continuous
stream from the head of the valley to the bay. The
foot hills of the Sierra Nevada. which limit the valley,
Make a woodland country, diversified with undulating
grounds and pretty valleys. and watered with numerous
small streams, which reach only a few miles beyond the
hill's. the springs which supply them not being coition,
enough to carry, them, across the plains. - These eitnrd
man y advantageous spots for farms, making sometimes
laNe bottoms of rich moist laud. The rolling surface of
the hilla presents sunny exposums, sheltered froth the
winds, and having a highly favorable climate and suita
ble soil, ere considered to be well adapted to the-culti
vation of the grape. and will probably become the prin-,
eiple vine growing region of California. Tho upland.
bordering the valleys of the largo streams are usually
wooded with evergreen and white oaks Among prairie
and open land. The surface of the , valley ctinsiata of
le'vel plains along the Tulare lakes and San Joaquin tie
ar..ehannitirLlnto _undilailng and rolling ground pewee
the foot hilla'of thO mountains • '-' "
,The mean temperature in the Joaquin valley.. dujimr . I
,fltlourites.stent4'2l - 112. 1 1= Antler xi
deg„ with generally ia faint breeze fi otn the snowy moun
tains in the morning, and calm weather at the evening.
This was u lower temperature than we had found in the
oak region of the mountains bordering the valley. be
tween 1,000 and 5,000 feet above the level of the as..
where throughout California, I have remarked the spring' ,
to be more forward than in the open vanes below.
During a journey through the valley, between the
head of the Tulare takes and the mouth of the San Joe
win, from the 19th January to the 12th February. the
mean temperature was 38 deg. at sunrise. and .59 deg. at
eunset,,with frequent rains. At the end of January, the
river hollows, in many places, were thickly covered with
petulant grams, more than half a foot high. Wild horses
wore fat, and a grisly boar. killed on the 2.1 Feb ura- y, had
four inches thickness of fat on his back and belly. and 1
was estimated to weigh a thousand ponnds. Salmon was
first obtained on the 4th February in
,the To-walum-ne
river, which, according to the Indians, is the most south
erly stream in the valley in which this fish is fouled. By
the middle of March the whole valley of the San Joaquin
was in the full glory of spring; the evergreen oaks were
in flower, geraniurn deuterium was generally in bloom,
loceupying the place of the grass, and ma'.ing all the up
lands a close small. The higher prairies between the
rivers presented unbroken fields of yellow and orange
colored flowers, varieties of Labia and Ilscitschotecia Cal- I
ifornica, and large boquets of the blue flowering Lnemo- I
Oita nearer the streams. These made the pie ailing
bloom, and the sunny hill slopes to the river' bottoms
showed a varied growth et luzuriautflowers. The white /
oaks werelnot yet in bloom.
The valley of the Sacramento is divided Into upper and
lower—the lower two hundred Miles long, WO upper
about one hundred; and the latter not merely entitled to
the distinction of Upper. as being higher up on the river,
but also as haVing,a superior elevation of seine thousands
of feet above it. The division is krongly and geographi-:
cally marked., The Shastl peak stands at the head of
the lower Cvalley in t h e forks 'of the river, Tieing from the
base of about one thousand feet, out of a forest of heavy
timber. It ascends like on immense column upwards
of 14,000 feet, (nearly the height of Aleut Blanc,) the
entwarit glistening with snow, and visible front favora
ble points of view, at a distance of 140 miles down the
vallitY. The river here, in descending from the upper
imiloy. plunges down through a canon, falling 2000 feet
in twenty miles. This upper valley is 100 miles long,
heavily limbered. the climate and productions modified
by its altitude. it. more northern, position, and the prox 4
imity end elevation of the neighboring mountains covered
with snow. It contains valleys of arable land and is deem
ed capable of settlement. Added to the lower valley. it
makes the whole valley of the Snowmen a 3000 miles
long.
BAY OF SAN FRANCISCO AND DEPENDENT
COUNTRY
The bay of San Francisco has been celebrated from
ho time of its first discovetY, as ono of the finest in the
world. and is justly entitled to that character oven unde r
the seaman's view as a mere harbor. .11th when all the
accessory advantages which . belong to it—fertile and
pictureSque dependent country; madness and salubrity of
climate; connection with the' great interior • valley of the
Sacramento and San Joaquin; its vast resourceis for ship
timber.' grain and cattle—when these advantages Os
token into the account. with ha geographical position on
the line of communication with Asia. it rises into an im-
yortitnie far above ‘ that of a more harbor, 'and deserves 'a
particular notice in any account of maritime California
Its latitudinal **Mori IS that of Liebon, he climate is that
of sopthern Italy; settlements upon it for more, than half
a century attest its healthiness; bold shores end moun
tains give it grandeur; the extent and fertilitrof Its .
pendent country give it great - resources fpr' agriculture,
commerce and population. , . ' •
,' •
Toe
bay of StriFrantaisco is
,seprirated from the sea
• lo w mountain ranges . LoOrinifiuru the 4410,'0( the
MOM Neiadik. the coast Mannisitil ?meant an aiptte
cantlatiOns Am, with only 'a ,aingla „gap,: resem
bling s mountain pass: This !is the entrance Se the great
bay, and is the only water continua:anion froM did coast
MI
MEIMANIII
of the interior country. Approaching from the sea, the
coast presents a bold outline. On the south, the border.
ingmotintains come dawn in a narrow ridge of broken
hills, terminating in a pre - cipitous point against which
the sea breaks heavily. On the northern side, the moun
tain presents a bold promontory, rising in a few' miles to
a - height of two or three thousand feet. Between these
points is the strait—about one mile broad,-In tho narrow
est part, and five miles long from the sea to the bay.—
Palming through this gate, the bay opens to the right and
left, extending in each direction about 3.1 miles. having
a total length of more than 70, and a cost of about 275
miles. it is divided by straits and projecting points. into
three separate bays,of which the northern two pro called
San Pablo and Snisnou bays. Within, the view presen
ted,
g
is of a mountainous country, the bay resvnblita an
interior lake of deep water, lying between parallel I rani. ;
gas of high ntountains. Islands. which have the bold i !
characters of the shores—some merit masses of rock, and
others grass covered. rising to the height of dues and
eight hundred feet—break its surince and add to its pic
turesque appearance. Directly fronting the entrance,
mountains a few miles front the shore rise nbOut two thou.
sand feet above the water, crowned by i tic,forest of the
lofty cypress which is visible from the sea, and Makes a
conspicuous landmark for vessels entering. thobay. •
THE GOLD REGION-THE CLIMATE
The gold region of California is in the Sacramento
unclip; tributaries.' The climate of the country has no
winter iu the valley; bat the rainy season and the dry.—
The rainy season begins in November and continues to
the middle of February or the begiuing of March; the
rest of the year h without rein; but the streams from the
Sierra Nevada afford all the futilities for'irrigation in the
heats of July and August. The whole valley abounds
in wild cattle, wild horses, elks, door, antelopes, grizzly
bears. partridges. water fowl. salmon, &o. All .the
Products of the United States, from apples to oranges,
from potatoes to sugar cane. may bo produced in the val
ley of the San Joaquin and SUcramonto. The climate is
remarkably healthy.
S.►cS is the Califoruia on Cie Pacific—tho richest, most
picturesque. and beautiful region, for its'extent, upon the
face of the earth. Such is the El Dorado of Che f go'd
minim such is the groat acquisition of the late war with
Mexicis.
TILE MEANS THAT DESTROY DEALT!!
TAKE, for example, a young girl who has - been bred
delicatehi in town. and shut up in a nursery in her child
hood—ht a boarding echoed through her youth—never ac
customed either to air or exercise, two things that the kw
of God make essential to health. She marries—her
strength is inadequate to the demands upon it. Her beau
ty fades early, and her acquaintances Inmentingly ex
claim, "What a btrattgo Proildenco, that a mother shotall
tWtaken in the midst of life and from her children!"--
Was it Providence? No! Providence has assigned her
threescore years and ten—a term long e nough to rear lier
children; and to see her children's chitchat), but; ehe did
not obey the laws onwhich life depends, and of cootie
she lost ' it.
A father
a useful Atli
too is cnt off in the midst of his days. 'He is
l'fliatingulehed citizen and eminent In his pro -
general bitzz rises on every side. of, "What
'zovidsnce :"_ The mon_lnee been in tholah.
i the courts, of eating luxurious dinners and
I rioua winos. He has ovary day violated the
Bich health depends. Did Providence, cut
he evil rarely ends here. The disease of the
often transmitted; and a feeble mother rarely
Ind het vigorous children, It has been ens
ii,
onto of l onr cities, fur young ladies to walk in
and delicate stockings in mid-wittier. A
InLng young girl. thus dressed in violation of
et. pays the penalty!, a checked circulation;
eld death. "What a sad Providence!"' ex
triends. Was it Providence or her own fay?
young bride goes night after night. to par.
it honor of her marriage. She has a slightly
perhaps, and the weather is inclement: but
rear her neck andnarnes bare; for who oversaw
I close evening dress? She is conseqtiently
an inflammation of the lungs, and the
,grave
tr before her bridal days are over. "What a
1 ." exclaims the world, "cut off in the midst
s. and hopes!" Alas did she not cut the thread
1 .111 A girl in the country. exposed to our
limate. gets a new bonnet, instead of getting
I rment. A rheumatism is the consequence,
E
I.lesit down tranquilly with the idea that Prey
sent the rheumatism upon her, or should she
i her own vaulty, and avoid the folk in fit-
Cession. •N
a striking I's
Office and hi
drinking viii
laws on wh
him oil? T
fathom are o
leaves Whit
ternary, in s
thin shoes
healthy, blot
heaven's la ,,
cold, fever 1
claims her i
A beautiful
ties made i
sots throat s
she blued •
a bride in
seized with
receives h
Providencq
of happine4
of life Email
changeful
a flannel
Should us g
idenco has
charge it o
lure? ,
Look, tn„ - young friends, at the mass of diseases that
are incurrdd hr intemperance in eating or drinking, in
study, or is business; by neglect of exercise. cleanliness,
pure air; tly indiscreet dressing. tight lacing. etc.. and
all is quieqy imputed to Providence: Is there not impie
ty as well 4s ignorance in this? Were the physical laws
strictly obfiervecl from generation to generation, there
would be idend to the frightful diseases that cut short
life, and mi3st of *to long maladies that make life a tor
meat
or apial. It is the opinion of those who best un
derstand the physical a)stem, that this wonderful ma•
chine, the body, this "goodly etnple."; woidd grodunlty
decay, an • men would die, as few now do die, as if flitt
ing to sloe . • . •
SHEER HONESTY
otnan from somewhere. any the 11 nine Far
ng put up at one of our public houses.—
ho wan not familiar with all the Ways and
the world. Ho had supper. lodging and
A gent
mer. not 1
Untioubte
usages o
And when dinner came he seated himself at
breakfast
ith numerous others. He thought the board
the tabto
was slimy furnished, but said nothing. Presently a
waitor pit-sed him a "bill of faro." Struck all aback by
thus, no o Thought. having his bill thrust in his face
tibe
fore aea pithy of strangers, ho gac4 the formidable doc
ument bu a single glance, and delibCrately folding it up.
and Nati git in his vest pocket . be very coolly said-•
"AU ri ht; I will settle with you immediately after
dinner." i
A few waistbands justa few—were somewhat shat
tered aloe g the tables.
IFFERENT PERIODS OF LIFE.
Judge Davis. not.many months before hie death on
tho °coo , on of a diunet party ot his house, at which
Mr. Just a Story and other eminent jurists and lawyers
were pre 'ant. the conversation turned upon the advan
tage oft o different periods of life. Some thought the
seasons , f youth and manhood the fullest of enjoyment,
and.othe • gave preference. for solid satisfaction, to the
age. Jado-Daida did not state. his opinion
:us invited to do so; and then in a calm and te
nor for which he was ientarkable he said: "In
period o
until he
sign m
ainsion of the year It Is my delight to be in the
CM=
ad every pleasant evening alien 1 am there. I
t :tithe - window, and luok upon some beautiful
: •
•ch grow near my house: The murmuring of
through the branches , the. gentle play of the
E nd the flickering of. light_upon then!, when the
p; Ells mar with indescribable plesaure: As the
Oiritli Chi.' I feel very sad to see those leaves-fall
.ienne.4.but when they are ail gone, d find they
yn.'istreertbatore mY eyes; for 1 eiparienesd a
higher rititiefsetiois as 40.45 I-broiler:din naked
to the alaitine stirs
, „
countrr i
love to s!
trios
themits.
leaves,
mop is
grotanut
Inoue'
warp op
new in'
triall • -
II
An kelt at that period in life fromivhence I Canal*
and dispassionately look hick. upon the past. and con
template,the vatted scenes through which I have, jour
neyed. I 'am strongly reminded. And res! deeply convinced.
that it has been through . a confident reliance and- an un;
mooring ..TruSt In God" that I have been , enabled to •
surmount the ninny difficulties. and bear • up, undei the
afflicting trials that have thronged my pathway &sought
life.
Time was when to me the world was all bright. its
flowers all beautiful...a 'favo 4 red child of fortune. Frota
youth to Manhood the ruderjblaet of adversity never pen
etrated the shield interposed by a mother's love. or the
protecting Influences of a father's wealth—from ' • the one "
I inherited a love for mankind. from the other the means
to which the world ever page diflbiences and survile ad
ulation. 1 had troops offriends—they / clustered around
mo 'as bees around a fragrant flower, to pilfer its sweets
and leave it to Wither. wilt aild die. 1
Wealth. friends. station influence. these were all mine.
yet there was a void in my heart; there Was a something
waiting Which I sought and found in 'a ) creature fair as
over bloomed upon an earthly Boil; heaven smiled upilin
our union, we were blessed with children. and our home
was a:paradise. but alas for poor' humantti.
Tbo spider's most atteanated thread -
Is cord, Is cable, to man's most tender do
On earthly bliss 7 it breaks at every breeze,
It was not long ere I felt the full truth of the above
quotation. A crisis arose in the rnonetaryafrair' a of the
'country, it swept tornado like, . with desolating strides.
from the chill waters of the Aroostook, to the regort of
eternal flowers, and when the storm had passed, and the
sue peered forth again, the turbid stream of benkruptey
bo •e - im in its bosom ,the wreck and shattered fragnients
of heeth, wealth, peace and happiness. Need I say
that my fortune was a wreck, my ruin (in a pecuniary
point of view) comptete. llow could it be otherwise?--
Nature had endowed rue with a heart susceptible to the
wants of others. an ear nevtir deaf to pleading. and it
ti
hand ever willing to ascent. the prompting of the soul.
I clamed, and the oft told t le was repeated, Some for
whom I antlered now roll in wealth, but are no longer
friends to me. Thank God lam enabled to - live. arid
would acorn their friendships as I despise their grovelling
souls. I lenve them to their conscience 'and their God.
with an abiding trust in mine. '
If wealth .departed and I friends forsook me. I was
richly rewarded, doubly recompensed by the logo of
wife end children. which r4)85. superior to rolsfortune d
and if poseible, burned wlth a brighter flame as trouble
thickened around, beautiitilly reminding me of the - ever
green. which, twining its tendrils aroundthe'stnrdy oak.
seeks beneath its protecti4 foliage ashelter and a home.
andw:iielt loot ens not its oralp, but clings with yet fonder
tenacity when the tree his been blasted and riven by the
thunderbolts of heaven: I
,Stprip it 'aka verdure, it stands
forth, exhibiting to every elb OW Piaui unseen, seeking
with its tiny form to prof ct;tho structure which had ?al
tered it. , .
Reduced In circumetancov. and deprived of many crt
life's. comform but atilt Amarillo. in .Ir.rni I
_ .
here. I honestly afrum.; , that at no period did I enjoy
more unalloyed pleasure than when the day'. of labor
was over I returned to my humble but peaceful home.
Welcomed by the smile of my angel wife. and the glad
hands of my little flock, tt rich recompense far the world's
cold frOwn. - I •
But tho golden bowl wea l broken, the bikers! cup dash
ed to the earth and shattered into fragernts sweeping in •
to the outspread o t ceau of eternity—nil that made life
sweet, orrendered it desirable. Disease of a contageous
nature crossed the threshold of my paradise, and inmates
sickened and died. Time has melleWed but clattett ef
face tho remembrances of that iserind. The anxious
alicitude with which. night atter night. I watched bet.
side theirsuffering toms ..in tears of 'agony." and when
the lait pulse had boot. when the orb returned no an
swering glance, ; when the hand retnrnotlno pressure ,
and the lips no kiss; when the beauti ful was stiffened in
death, and all was cold. and silent: even then our gee
was hushed, and we turned from the dead to the living
with hope still springing in the heart, we strove with des
perate energy to rescue iltern from the grasp of death.—
But crushed was every flower. and blighted every bud.
within the short spice of ten days vanished the bleasful
dream of years. and our Children had passed into Hen
von. She who had cradled uport l her bosom the tender
flock sank beneath the blow, and the mother slept beside
her babes.
• I have wandered iu other lands but have returned to
watch the flowers of Spring; nod tend the many verdure*
which shrouds them from my view still trusting in.Glod
that I have a treasure laid up in Heaven. whither I
trust, after having suffered and -done hie will. I shill be
I called. .
Old bachelors and happily married men hate 'very dif•
ferent vievra of the married state. For example the old
bachelor thus deserib SS t
the condition as he undarstanils
t•Noisy clack and constant. brawling.
Discor4n domestic strife;
Empty cupbofrd, children brawling.
Scolding woman uvula a wife."
The man really blessed with a "better half" thus de
scribed the condition:
"Lovely looks and constant cotittide, -
Sweetening all tho toils of life;
' Cheerful children, harmless sporting.
SAVINO 19
gas tells the story of an , ccutnical Whig, who appeared in
the Whig torch-light procession in Portland, the other
night, and blew out his torchio rave camphene—match•
ing ovsr the route with his pale erect, and no light on the
end. After he reached home, his pig was taken 'sick.
and some wag told him catnphone would cure him. -Bo
he gave him a dose from his torch., which laid poor pig
gy aa dead as a door nail. The last the - Argue heard of
the pig. thb owner had boon rocommeadeil to run a wick
through him, sot fire to it. and carry hint in the . torch•
light procession to come of nt Bacarappm
TUE Lszrzer MAN.—A worthy , old citizen of Newport
who had the reputation of being the laziest man alive—so
lazy, indeed, that he used to weed the garden in a bugs
rocking chair, rocking forward to take hold of the weed,
and backward to uproot--had a way, of fishing peculhirly
his own. He used to drive his white-faced mare. down
to the spot where the tantog‘ might be depended on 7for
any weight from two to twelve pound.. back Ada gig
'down to the water. put outfits line, end when the tantog
was safely hooked. start the old mare and ptillkim out.
Ear itserscr rs sae Gurrza.—The New York Mir.
ror says: A couple of gentleman. oil:nosing enough
the "Pointe" a day or twci since. discovered a • drunken
mat: wallowing in the gutter. wherions said to the eiher.
"MI bet a bat thatfelkrer is s Cass man." On hitaiing
the mask. theta:Bina:A sot raised his head. 'clenched
his fist and exclaimed. "No sat la bad la dalo
no. net :pito. Igo for old fled and "toughy. God bless
hint."
-
.• =
NUMBER 34.
TzttreilT sly eon.
♦i SILETCIT ►ROY tub Litt,
MARRIAGE.
.Eastern Ar •