THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBUR0, PA.
In GAVE WORLD
PEACEpSHE
Hat Raising and Other Conven
tional Customs Also Date
Back to Fighting: Days
WHY HOST'S GLASS IS FIRST
Frock Coats Bear Stamp of Warriors'
Sword Belts Practice of Mounting
Horse from Left Side Traced to
Same Source The Glove Courtesy.
Few persona rcnllzc, wlion Blinking
bandH with friends or perform any of
the ordinary courtesies of the day,
that they are asHisting in the perpetu
ation of ciiHtoms pHtabliHlied centuries
ago. Handshaking, for Instance, dates
back to the old fighting dnys, when
every man of any consequence what
ever wore a sword.
When warriors met In those days
and wished to bo friendly they extend
ed the right hand, or sword hand, to
show that they didn't have a knife
roncealod up their sleeves. That ex
plains why we shako hands with the
right hand to-day.
The custom of taking one's glove
off, preliminary to shaking hands, also
originated In that period. Gauntlets
were worn by all fighters then, and
wero made of such stiff material that
they had to be removed before the
handshaking courtesy could be gone
through.
When persons, do not take their
right hand glove off to shake hands,
but apologize for not doing so, they
f.re apologizing. In reality, In defer
ence to an old ct'Stom.
Uut handshaking Is not the only
ciiFtom that dates hack to the old fight
ing days. Our army officers to-day
we:ir their swords n Una tied to the
left side of their belts Just as the
warriors did cetfturles ago. Curious
ly enough, this habit of wearing the
sword In a belt and at the left Bide,
Is responsible for two other customs
besides that of shaking with the right
hand.
Perrons who ride horseback to-day
mount from the left side as that prac
tice has been carried on from the day
that the old time warriors were com
pelled to mount from that side be
cause their long swords Interfered
with their mounting from the right
When It Is remembered that they wore
their swords on the left side the logic
ot their mounting from that side will
lie understood for had they attempt
e;l to mount from the right, the sword
would have Interefered with their
throwing the left leg over the saddle.
The buttons which adorn the back
of men's frock coats and dress coats
constitute another survival of the
sword days. The buttons were neces
sary then, as they supported the
sword belts.
Still auother relic of the days "when
knights wtre bold" is the custom of
lipping or raising the hat. When a
Knight or warrior wished to greet an-
tLtr and show that he was not afraid
of having his head crushed In with a
battlcaxe. he took off his helmet. When
helmets were abandoned the custom
transferred Itself to "hat raising."
T'.ie practice of a host pouring the
first few drops from a newly opened
bottle of wine Into his own glass, al
though It has a practical as well as a
polite use to-dny, has also been hand
ed down to us from our ancestors.
Tho custom was established In
Italy several centuries ago before air
tight corks were Invented. In those
days tho cork of a wine bottle waa
Immersed In olive oil before it was
placed in the neck of the bottle. This
was done to render the bottle as air
tight as possible, the oil being used
the same as parafllne is to-day.
Naturally a drop or two of the oil
would settle on the top of the wine
end as olive oil is not especially pala
table In wine, the host would always
pour the top of the bottle Into his own
Class before serving his guests.
As has been mentioned this custom
bus a practical value to-day, for It li
lot an unusual thing for fragments ol
tork to drop into a bottle of wine
v hen It is opened. These float on the
top, Jubt as the oil did in olden times,
end are poured by tho host Into his
own gla.su.
Church Too Poor for Offertories.
The Bishop or Hath and Wells, who
Is making a tour of his diocese, visited
tine of Its smallest parishes thli
week. This is the parish of Lang
ridge, which consists of four farm!
and his or seven cottages. The Income
of the living Is 33, and the rector,
the Itev. W. tturland. pays for every
thing himself.
When he entered upon the living
Mr. Burlaud found that the offertories
on a Sunday amounted to nlnepence
or a shilling, and so, as he explained
to the Bishop, he declined to hurt the
poor people's feelings by collecting
from them. London Dally Mall.
Robin Hood.
There Is no evidence to show that
Itobln Hood was ever anything; morl
than a mere creation of the popular!
Imagination of the time. Itobln Hood
was the creation of the nascent
democracy of the age, which took that
way of voicing Its Indignation at tho
high-handed way In which the privi
leged classes were oppressing the
musses of the people. Robin Hood
wat the personification of the wild
J mtlce which waylaid and robbed the
rth :tnd of his spoils gave unto the
ricr. who had been robbed by the
tivJ 5. a U tuusciuncelesa aristocracy.
PLUTOCRATIC PIONEER9.
Men Who Qo West Now to Maka
Money Must Take Some Along.
Gf the 024,605 aliens admitted t9
the United States in 1K3. 71 per vent.
eiit to New York i'o:iiiylv..ii:ii, Iill
Hols, Massachusetts and New Jersey,
and more than )' j-er cent of these
ought the larger cities of the Stated
tamed Fifteen pet cent ot the re
mttlndct went to other suburban cen
tres as laborers and tho bare 14 pot
cent, welt distributed in the West
and South
The West today and the South
iwant specialists Buys the Van Norden
Magazine. With opportunities an
boundless almost ns they wero when
the first schooners crosa.ed the prai
ries or the first pioneer went south
Along the Atlantic coast, still there l:i
no room lot the class described an
"ignorant ol a trade lacking In re
sources, of criminal tendencies and
JWlth an aversion to country lile."
The modern pioneer goes west with
money and he makes money. There
Is today county after county in th
middle WcpI in which there Is not a
Single mortgnge on farm property re
corded In these districts the average
lank deposit Is greater than that la
rural France held up for long as thp
Biodel of the world. It la not the
country to which an immigrant bring
ing an average ot eighteen dollars
coulu go and Biicreed. TIip competi
tion Is a littlt too strong ana he
knows it.
Nancen't Carrier-pigeon.
One day a carrier-pigeon tapped at
the window ol Mrs Nansen's home id
Christiana Instantly tht window I
was opened and thb wife of tho fa
raoui Arctic explorer an another mo- j
ment covered a little messenger with '
kisses and caresses. I
The carrier-pigeon had been away I
from the cottage thirty long months,
but had not forgotten the way home.
It brought a note from Nansen, stat-
Ing that all was going well with hla
expedition In the polar regions.
Nansen had fastened o message to
the bird, and turned it loose. j
The frail carrier darted out Into ths
bllzzardlj air flew like an arrow over :
perhaps a thousand miles ot frozen I
waste, ano then over another thou- '
sand miles ot ocean and plains and '
forests to enter the window ot its '
waiting mistress and deliver the mes
sage which sht had been awaiting so
anxiously
We boast of human pluck, sagacity,
and endurance; but this loving car-tier-pigeon,
after an absence ot thirty
months, accomplished a feat so won
derful that we can only give ourselves
Up to amazement and admiration. j
Nansen's Arctic Explorations.
Undeveloped Brazil.
It Is very sad to note that at the
time when Spruce visited the Amazon
-with the exception of a very few
spots at long distances apart the
mighty river, with its vast network ot
tributaries, wat practically deserted.
The traveller speaks ot the Rio Negro
as "the dead river." The immense
area contained only scattered groups
Of Indians, with here and there a few
halt-breeds Some progress, with the
introduction ot steam navigation, has
been made since the period with which
these volumes deal, but still the far
larger part of the Amazonian regions
Is. to all intents and purposes, unin
habited. To any one who has studied
the history of exploration and settle
ment in the basin of the Amazon from
the days of Orellana, Telxelra and
Samuel Frit? to those of La Condara- j
lne Humboldt and Schomburgh, the
salient fact that stands out Is the ,
failurt alike of Portuguese and Spanl- i
ard to utilize the splendid waterways
and rich territory which they had had
the good fortune to acquire. All ths
earliest records show the banks thick
ly populated by native tribes.
About Heat Lightning.
All Borts ot popular fallacies spring
up, and grow, and spread until they
become matters ot common -belief:
Here Is that one about so-called "heat
lightning," for example, the broad
gleams that often appear Just above
the western horizon on a warm even
ing. We see flash after flash, but
there Is no accompanying thunder,
and the absence of the latter has giv
en rise tc the notion that It is "heat
lightning," for If it were ordinary
lightning there would be thunder, ol
oourse!
As a matter of fact, there is no heat
lightning, as that term la generally
used. The display referred to always
takes place wber the weather Is
warm, but that is only because warm
weather produces thunder storms. Ths
so-called heat lightning Is merely ths
lightning ot a distant storm. We do
not hear tht- thunder because ths
storm is toe far away for the sound
to reach us. This term of heat light
ning is merely a corruption of th
legitimate term sheet lightning.
Keeping Ahead of Nipper.
"Yes. NlnDer's a Rood one," said
Mason, trying to speak coolly of tho
bull-terrier at his heel. "My wife and
1 are awfully fond of bim, but we don't
make fools of ourselves over him as
some folks do over dogs that are not
a patch on Nipper."
"He looks all right," said Rand,
with as much warmth as could be ex
pected from a man whose Interest Is
In tumblers and pointers,
"He Is all right," corrected Mason,
with dignity. "Why, that fellow knows
everything you say to him, In German
and French as well as English. We'vs
proved It again and again; and only
last night my wife said that If w
wanted to keep anything from him
we'd have to learn a new language. 1
"I think," concluded Mason, gravo
y, "that wo shall, take up Esperanto;
when tho evenings got longor.'V
Sontn's Companion. '
ZEPPELIN'S VIEWS
LFL
Says That Airships Are Practic
able for Commercial Purposes
and Exploring
HE PRAISES THE RIGID BALLOON
Count Claims it Is the Only Kind of
Craft Which Is Suitable for Long
Distance Flights Traffic Regula
tions Needed on Air Paths.
Count Zeppelin, the inventor of the
great Zeppelin dirigible war balloons,
has written an article on "The Con
quest of the Air," which Is printed in
Putnam's Magazine. The Count, for
the most part, confines himself to
facts and figures tending to prove that
his rigid balloons are the only kind
of airships that are thoroughly practi
cable for long distance flights, but oc
casionally he gives a glimpse ot what
the future has In store for the com
ing race of aerial navigators. The
Count does not entirely disregard the
field of usefulness of the small airship,
which be says may be of great use
within narrow limits, but he takes up
the questions of long cross-continental
flights, and reaches Borne astonishing
conclusions.
After giving some preliminary fig
ures which tha Count considers nec
essary for the proper presentation ot
his Bubject, leading to the conclusions,
he says that In his newest type of
airship he has a vessel which can rise
from Lake Constance with twelve per
sons on board and remain four days
In the air, coveting in this period
some 2,500 miles. If necessary, the
Count says, the ship could carry twen
ty men, providing It did not have to
travel very high In the air. The air
ship will carry a completely closed-in
room for sleep and work. The radius
of movement of his airship, which
carries an engine In reserve, is only
limited by the supply of benzine,
which could easily be replenished at
towns along the route.
Traffic regulations concerning the
height of paths through the air will
have to be made as soon as airships
become common, says the Count Dur
ing the worst time of the year for high
and contrary winds, the Count says
that he could travel from Berlin to
St Petersburg, to Moscow, to Con
stantinople, In approximately four
days. With average conditions the
journey could be made in forty hours
and under favorable conditions in
from twenty-two to thirty hours, much
less than the best railroad time.
Unknown countries may be explored
In safety and with dispatch by com
panies of men making long journeys,
or comparatively short flights of 200
miles at a time. "By such means,"
says the Count, calmly, "the airship
will enable men to open up and an
nex remote portions of the globe, and
to consolidate colonies where there
are no railroads."
The Count says that airships will
prove perfectly practical as commer
cial propositions. "I assume, for In
stance," says he," the foundation of
airship communication between Ber
lin and Copenhagen. The capital
needed for one airship, a main station
at Berlin and a landing station at
Copenhagen, would be about $250,000.
The revenue, allowing for one hundred
flights to Copenhagen and back to
Berlin each year (the time of that
trip one-half the present system),
with an average of twenty-five travel
ers each paying $12.50, would amount
to $(12,500 a year." The expenses, ac
cording to Count Zeppelin, would be
$37,500, leaving a profit of 25,000, or
ten per cent, on the capital.
The Zeppelin airships are, then, not
too expensive for frequent use. The
Count says that only a few very rich
men could use them for pleasure, but
the number o these men will bo
greater than those who can purchase
ocean-going steam yachts. In war
time no expense would be thought too
great for the information which the
flying scouta could obtain. And noth
ing will be thought of the outlay on
an airship when by its means a colony
can be acquired, and unexplored ter
ritory opened up for civilization.
The effect of airships will be to
create a bond of union between na
tions, and aerial travel will be regu
lated by international treaties. Air
navigators before starting will obtain
from consuls regular ship's papers,
giving the number of passengers car
ried, and the amount of mall matter
and merchandise. International com
munication on these lines will bo
easily regulated, concludes the Count.
Far From it.
Reflections on race suicide caused
Zell Hopkins of Junction City, to re
call the remark made by a woman at
whose home h number of people took
supper one night. In the political cam
paign last Fall, down in Sumner Coun
ty. This particular woman, though
young in years, is the mother of seven
children. Naturally, the children are
reasonably close to one size. When
thi "campaigners" went Into the
woman's house one of them noticed
the bunch of children and said to the
woman in a friendly way: "These all
yours, or is this a picnic T"
"They are all mine," she replied
wearily, "and it's no picnic" Kansas
City Journal.
, Its Little Chortle,
"This one," said the pelican, deposit
ing In its pouch the big fish it had
caught, "will just about fill tho bill."
ON AEFI1A
Women's Secrets
There is one mn in the United States who has perhaps heard
more women's secrets than any other man or woniuu in the
country. These secreta are not secrets of (Juilt or alir.me, hut
the secrets of suffering, and they have been confided to Dr.
R. V. Pierce in the hope and expectation of advice and help.
That few of these women have been disappointed in their ex
pectations is proved by the fact that ninety-eight per cent, of
all women treated by Dr. l'ierce have been absolutely and
altogether cured. Such record would be remarkable it the
cases treated were numbered by hundreds only. But when
that record applies to the treatment of more than half-a- mil
linn women, in a practice of over 40 years, it is phenomenal,
and entitles Dr. Pierce to the gratitude accorded him by women, as the first of
specialists in the treatment of women's diseases.
Every sick woman may consult Dr. Pierce by letter, absolutely without
charge. All replies are mailed, sealed in perfectly plain envelopes, without
ny printing or advertising whatever, upon them. Write without fear as with
out fee, to World's Dispensary Medical Association, Dr. It. V. Pierce, Prest.,
Buffalo, N. Y.
im. ih:kces favohiti; friscriptiom
2VTn.lt-om "Wo.1k. Womou JStx-oxiav,
filiclx. Women Woll,
Tho Dirth of the Ohio.
It Is n lively picture that the re
cent studies of geologists afford us of
our country In tho glacial ages. We
see the land tipping this way and
that; great lakes formed and after
wird drained away; Ice-sheets ad
vancing, now from one direction and
row from another; valleys plowed
w:t: barriers of debris erected and
removed; and livers springing Into
existence, nnd flowing; at one time
r.orth, at another time south, and at
oilier times In various directions. Re
tontly Mr. Ilkhtrd R. Hlce gav9 a
r. TT.'n'y of t!. f "ologlcal history of
n p.irt of l'min-wlnrla. Once a river
ryst?!:i dr.ilt;!d luto the Erie basin,
but the a'lvf.nro of the "Kansan Ice"
djpmpd It, aid formed "Lnkf Monon
pHhela." The water roue, spilled over
the divide, and thus the present Ohio
River began.
Origin of the Potato.
In consequence of the outbreak of
the potato-disease In the 19th century,
botanists have for years been seeking
tho original wild species of -his most
useful plant, in order that, by crossing
It with the cultivated forms, freBh
vigor might be Infused Into the latter.
Tho Fearch has extended over Chile,
Peru, and other parts of America, but
until recently, no success has been
promised. Mr. Sutton of Reading,
Kn;:!and, the well-known seedsman. In
whose experimental gardens a great
variety of these plants has been tried,
has now fixed upon a wild species,
the Solanum etuberosum,, which has
been growing in his gardens for 20
years, as being the original wild
species, from which much may be
hoped. , The Solanum etuberosum for
20 years has entirely defied the potato-disease,
and Its offspring Is Identi
cal with the commercial potato.
Americans In Venice.
Two American men In Venice spent
their first evening loafing round the
lagoons in a gondola It being moon
light, of course, and all the rest of
the sentimental, charming things It Is
always in Venice.
"Here comes a gondola," stage
whlpered one American to the other,
"that probably contains a pair of lov
ers. See how absorbed those two dim
llgures evidently are in each other;
tho gondolier, other gondolas, the
witchery of Jhe moonlight, and the
place to all of It they are oblivious.
Oh, what a spot for sentiment; the
air is full of it!"
And as the two gondolas glided past
e:-.ch other the Americans heard the
unmistakable aeents of a fellow coun
tryman, "I'll see your three and raise you
five."
Pigeons In Surgery.
In the early Italian surgery Benuto
Cellini tells of a workman who had
been chiseling a bar of steel had got
ten ft chip In his eye, and It was seem
rr'y impossible to get It out The
sitt soon came to the rescue with
rlceons. The patient was made to
lie flat upon his back and the surgeon
with a little knife opened a vein In
each of the pigeon's wings in order
that tho blood should run down Into
the eye. In a few days the bit of steel
Issued from the eye, and the patient
was not only considerably eased, but
In a measure recovered his sight
The World's Telephones.
The number of telephones In the
whole world Is estimated at 9,500,000,
of which 7,000,000 are said to he In
upe In America and 2,000.000 in Eu
rope. The Industryof statisticians Is
r.o sreat that possibly some one will
turn his attention to the number ol
despairing entreaties made to the
young1 women at the exchange In a
year in London alone.
HUMPHREYS'
Humphreys' Veterinary Specifics
forthecureof dlseasesof Horses,
Cattle, Shoep, Dog, Poultry.
A. A. For FEVERS, Milk Ferer, Lane Fever.
B. B. ForBFIlAIfc'S, Lameness. Rheumatism.
C. C. ForfcORB Throat, Eplsootlo. Distemper.
D. D. ForWOHMI, Bote, C rube.
E. E. For OIGII8, Cold, Influents.
F. F. For COLIC, Bellyache, Diarrhea.
G. O. Prevent. MISCAIHIIAI.B.
U. II, For KllEVnd 111 adder l.orier.
I.I. For 611 IV P18EAM:, Mange. Eruptions.
J.K, ForUAD OMUTIO. Indigestion.,
Price, 60 Cents per bottle.
Vet. Cure Oil, for Stable or
Field Use, $1,
At druggists, or sent prepaid
on receipt of price.
A BOO Page Hook on the treat
ment and care of Domestic
Animal and Stable Chart to
hang up, mailed free
HUMPHREYS' HOMKO. VKDIcms 00
William snd ASa Streets, New York.
Bloomsliurg te Sullivan
Railroad.
Taking Effect Feb'y ist, fooS, 13:05 n-ni
NOHTHWAKD.
21
A.M. r.M. P.M. A.M.
t .t t t
BlonmRbnm n I, W... 900 87 SIS too
Bloomsburs P K 9 02 2 8U 17 ....
Paper Mill 14 5 tit 20
Lllflit, Street MS 2M 8 34 25
Orangevlllu 8 S 03 8 48 8 SO
Porks 8 8 18 8 54 7 00
Zannrs W 40 18 17 8 57 7 1 6
Stillwater 48 3 5 7 08 7 4"
Henton 08 S 83 7 18 8 10
KrtRons I0O0S 87 3 17 8 SO
role Creek 10 0S 3 40 'l 21 8 ifl
Uubaohs in 08 S 46 h 81 8 40
Ora Mere Psrk floiO 8 47 '1 ....
Cent ral 10 15 8 52 7 41 9 06
JamlHOD Cltr 10 18 8 65 7 45 9 15
BOUTfl WARD
oo
A.M. A M. P.M. A.M. A.M.
t t t t
Jamison Ctt jr.... S 6(1 10 48 4 35 700 11 80
Central 8 5a 10 51 4 88 7 0S 1145
Grass Merc Park f 01 flioo f. 47 r? 12 ....
I.aubachs- s 08 II 02 t 48 ft in n f s
Coles Creek f 12 II 08 4 53 ? 22 12 05
Rdsons U4 Ml 09 f4 66 fT 24 12 10
Benton 8 18 11 13 8 00 7 98 12 8S
Stillwater 6 28 11 21 6 08 7 88 12 46
Zaners 16 35 f!12917 f7 45 19 5S
Porks 6 89 11 IS 6 21 7 49 1 00
O' .nKevlllo 6 50 11 42 6 81 8 00 1 80
I.lfl)t Street 7 1)0 11 60 6 89 810 1 40
Paper Mill 08 11 68 6 42 8 13 1 60
Bloom. P K.... 7 18 12 05 6 55 8.2ft 2 10
Bloom. DLtW. 7 20 12 10 6 00 8.80 2 15
t rains Mo 21 and 22 mixed, second class,
t Dally exoept Sunday, t Dally 4 Sunday
only, f Flag stop. W. C. BNYDER, Supt
Trolley Time Tables.
Cars leave Market Square, Bloomsburg
for Berwick:
p. M.
7-50
50
10.50
11.50
First car leaves Market Square or
Berwick on Sunday at 6.50 a. m.
1 From Power House.
Saturday Night Only.
A. M. P. M,
5.00 I2.50
5 40 1.50
6.30 2.$p
6.50 3.50
7.50 4.50
8.50 5.50
9.50 C.50
IO.SO
II.50
.
Cars leave Berwick for Danville:
A. M. M. P. M.
6.00 11.00 0.00
7.00 P. M, 7.00
7.20 1.00 8.00
8,00 2.00 Q.OO
Q.OO 3.OO "lO.OO
10.00 4,00 ll.OO
1I.OO 5.00 I300
t 1. 00
First car leaves Berwick for Danville
on Sunday at 8.00 a. m.
Bloomsburg Ondy.
t Saturday Night to Bloomsburg Only.
Cars leave Market Square, Blooms
bug, for Danville:
A. M. P. M, P. M.
5.10 I2.IO 6.IO
0.OO I. IO 7.10
7.10 i.10 8.10
8.10 3.10 9.10
9.10 4.10 IO.IO
IO.IO 5.IO M.IO
II. 10
First car leaves Market Square for
Danville on Sunday at 7.10 a. m.
Saturday Night Only.
Cars leave Danville for Berwick:
A. M. M. P. M.
6.00 12.00 6. co
7.00 P. M. 7.OO
8.00 1.00 S.00
9.00 2.00 9,00
10:00 3.00 10.00
u.oo 4 00 11.00
5.00 Jl2.00
First car leaves Danville for Berwick
on Sunday at 8.00 a. m.
Bloonibbtirg Only.
JSaturday Night to Bloomsburg Only.
Cars leave Market Square, Bloomsburg
for Catawissa:
A. M. M, e. M.
J.30 12.00 6.00
6,15 P. M. 7.00
47.00 1.00 8.00
f8.oo 2.00 g.oo
9.00 t3- lo.io
1 10.00 4.00 "u.oo
tu.oo 5.00
First car leaves Market Square for
Catawissa on Sunday at 7,00 a. ni.
Saturday Night Only,
t P. R. R. Connections.
Cars leave Catawissa for Bloomsburg:
A. M. P. M. P. M.
5.50 I3.30 6.30
6.35 '-30 7.30
7.30 3.30 8.30
8.30 330 930
9.30 4-30 '3o
10.30 530 11.30
11.30
First car leaves Catawissa for Blooms
burg on Sunday at 7.30 a. m.
Saturday Night Only.
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reporter of what has happcno-d. It U U
the truth, irrespective of party, and tot
that reason it has achicvMl a position
with the public unique among papers '
its clar.s.
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