equal fairness upon the broad basis I er who is afraid thai his less deserv
of our entire banking system, rath-1 Ing competitor is going to be given
er than it should fall upon isolated
communities and upon u limited nuni -
her of individuals. So if the banker
wants to take advantage of a federal,
charier and because of that advanl-
age coax moTe money into his vaults
he then must .be willing to evince suf
ficient patriotism to s;and up like
a man and assume his share of 'he
burden of taxation. Do yon men
want to go before the country and
say to the farmer and home owner
and wage earners of the country who
now bear the whole burden of taxa-
lion and who are eaoh contributing j
a jer capita tax of $12 to each per-)
son for ihe support of 1he national
government to meet our annual ex
penditures that you are willing 'o
profit by receiving their money but
unwilling to help bear ihe burden of
"taxatjon and a share of the burden
of economic loss which always falls
upon (he people. Are yon willing to
sav lo the man with a family of five
members ho is contributing through
tne indirect nieiiium of taxation o i
er year to his national government
4hat you as bankers with a capital
of one hundred thousand dollars and
total asset of. per chance a half
miilion dollars, are unwilling lhat
you shall be ;axed for the public
pood to the extent of $2? Are
you willing to say to the farmer
whose general average of taxation
amounts to 1C mills and for which
he received no special privileges;
whose surplus from his eigth billion
dollar annual crop production passes '
through vonr hands at. a profit:
whose friendship and financial sup-
port are as essential to the prosperi-l
ly or your banks and the country' as
the sun and air are essentJal to life
and health, that you as bankers!
whose profits range from 10 per cent
to 10 per cent, upon your capital in
vested whose taxes are only 4 mills,
not including your circulation tax
which is a special tax and for which
you derive special privileges, that
you are unwilling to have your taxes '
increased two mills in the interest of
she public welfare?
Pay j Quit Business.
I defy my opponent to advance any
reason why this tax which I propohe , wU ' wnn failure sooner or lat
will ever be any grea-ter or any rea-;,"r- cr- at lf,aM' wil1 not brinS to his
son whv von should not have the na-:
triotism if you have not the business
acumen to agree to pay it. "We !
'have no way of judging the future ex
ept by the past and judging the past .
record ot national bank failures for
the past forty years would amount to
less than a lax of one mil! upon your .
capital stoc k, and yet men will ar-,
ue that ii is unfair to t:iv c... .,1 1 It
hanks for the poor management of!ai.J .- I,av,. many good hankers who '
other banks. If you want to coi.tin-
ue as a pant of a great whole in the
r... uW.le in ,1...
banking system you must either (
make up your mind to assume your j
share of responsibility or cancel jour i
charter and sro into the nrivate bank-:
ing business. The farmer and the -andii. ..a; for a high protective
home owner today are bearing the i tariff which is paternalism of the
chief burden of taxation of this coun-' rankest kind in the interest of fa
try. Shall they take the same atti- vor.-d manufacturers,
tude as you men and say that it is; Acain. I shall call your attention
unfair to be taxed for things which ' to the pension appropriations all of
are of no direct benefit to them or j whic h are paternalic and of a be
that it is unfair, which they have the : nevolent. patriotic and right kind of
right to say, to tax them more heav- -paternalism. Would yon remove
ily than any other class of men on t li- Soldiers' pensions because- the
the face of the earth? Take my . 'law creating thcm is paternal? The
adviice and don't raise that conten- k estalilitdunent of the Agricultural Bu
tton, j reau. the Iabor Bureau, and the va
If the government of the United i rious departments of the Govern
States is going to participate in the,ment, too numerous to mentlou, are
banking business of the country to all paternal as 1 understand the in
the extent, as it now does, of giving ' terpretation of the word. Would you
one man he power of life or death be in favor of removing the Agricul
over your institutions, then it must j turn Bureau of the Xation or States
go to the fullest extent of saying to because they are helping a certain
the depositors when a bank is order- i clat-s Imild up the prosperity of the
ed closed, we shall see that your country ? The argument of paternal
money is returned to you when you;. ism has no fears for me when its
want it. If the national government benefits are applied o a!l classes and
doesn't want to do that, then it ought
to withdraw entirely from the batik-j
ing business. The policy of
government sup'-rvision is either
right or wroi:s;. 1;' it is wrong hcn
the govern mt in should withdraw i's
supervision t-ntirely. If it is right
the government should go to the bot
tom and conijxl the banks to join
bands in a sxlf-protectiv.' insurance
which will safeguard the iiMjtositnrs
and the country a gains' Mich a pan
ic as we have bad since last Kto
ber. Talk about losses, there is not
a banker in -the country today wh.-n it
conies to figure up the direct and
indirect losses of this panic but what
will admit that he has lost more in
earnings than the tax which I pro-1 ..and. we find fifteen million deposit
posc would amount to for the m-xt i ors who want it. They want it for
twenty years. : the protection of their savings. We
A Word to the Banker Afraid. find the borrowers of the country, the
Now let us be fair as business nu n j men who pay all profits to the bank
and look lor the real milk in the 'and who employ the labor of the
coeoaniit in this proposition. You ! count ry want it for the protection of
know in your own hearts that the j their business. We find the average
profits lo your lank would be more bank stockholder who is liable to a
than any loss which you might sus-' one hundred per centum assessment,
tain through an insurance tax. You ! wants it.
know that it would be a good thing j You might just as well try to stop
for the public and for the nation to j the flow if Niagara as t stop legis
prevent. ibank failures, the losses and jlation along this line and as I stated
the panic of fear which follow In i in the beginning you now have an
their wake. You know that you ' opjiortuiiy to do that which as a body
ought to bear your share of the bur-
den of taxation, a-s a corporate insti-'viiih
I lit ion representing the most
able .business in the countrv.
profit
Whv !
not. be men enough to come out in j The ignorance of hankers as a class
the open and say that the reason you with reference to ihe fundamental
are opposed to this proposition Is I principles of Currency and Banking
-because your neighbor across the ! economics is most astonishing. Few
streets will be as strong in the eyes are willing to de-vote the time and ef
of the public as you are and because fort to study the question but each
of this you feel that you may lose a ( is willing to trust the man higher
little business. : uI(. This sliding scale of confidence
Now, just one word to the ban' exit tided on up last winter until it
undue advantage. Tbis applies
,i aboii, e ..
i' .-in. .if all hankers.
c.mae y..n b 1 1 v - thai yon have
ut-ix and moi conservatively
nudged 'n-tiiution. If you wilf
'.Ti.'ft
: .'..mki
' i. i.,1
' li : fi.
'.-li.''- iLtjiiiry inio ;be success of a
f in;
.
nc' ""'" " ,,nd
li.i' i'ii; i
n an asset which
. . .
rert.n.ent can give. !
and i!,.
ib- bnmr.n energy in the j
form oi the rash
' fiM of the bank.
r a lid active offl-
1 care not what i
competition may be, the same
cattM s
n a
;o h"l.l
an
which have worked to build!1""" ,uv ",mr 'L P"cai
sftil business will continue
lat business regardless of j
Itu mi.l I.itv AV.i n?i nnp:
line:.:,!,! ...itnentlc successful and in !
the miiih- block another
sold iii: by l hf sheriff.
rchant
me
One man
. ,!,. ,....,M.ff,.M.,-mr !.,!. I
on ;i smalt s-a
.,. i : ilm n,iT-oo f '
....... ... .... ,
time has dvc!oped
tremendous
uin. ss. while, upon the other hand.
" Mf int n in
,.r '
. 1 1 IT r.ll. If 1111 l. UUO-
'im- with the same niitxin unities.
no'
niee:i,ig wiiii anjwnere near me.
.... , . i
same
,i,."ree iT success
u.-.ree oi smcet-s.
So the human element-
.tho ele
me eitr-i
nieiit of personal equation, the pow-1
er of large capital and strong back-
ing will always be the business-get-'
tin
ill.
and business-holding element in i
hanking business Just as well as I
atty other form of business, and an uni j
. ..... l.. , ...tit : u
b--re .f careful, honest manage-1 'Aldrich-Vreeland Bill overthrows all;
' .1.1.. -
n.ent ;md niace i unon an eoual
footing, intsead of working harm to '
anv one institution will work a bene-!
-1
fit both directlv and indirectly, to i
all banking institutions. !
The argument of Banker Smith j
'that it is unfair to give his competi-'
tor across the street, banker .Tones. !
the same advantage which he has, is
the most foolish arsument advanced.
Thi. man , io the hMnVinr hns.
man
iness purely as a question of indi
vidual profit, without any regard
whatever to the good which he can
do his community, is a misnomer, and
the sooner he goes out of the bank
ing business the bet.ter for himself
and fr his communlay, because he
is violating the fundamental prin
ciples of the banking ibusinesh and
community that degree of success i
which he should and to which his 1
community is justly entitled,
The Question of Paternalism.
My opponent will argue, like Mr.
Xllrich when he was speaking for)
Wtil .tr. et in tin- Senate, that aj
guarantee of d.-posrts is paternalism j
a:id unsound as a banking principle.)
I...1....U.. i.i ii ifa..iiii. ti lu.ir.
-. thorite :beme f.r noliMct-ir, t
ar - :,!. c-tod poli-ticians. lhiU.-wh.-l2S'tors
ihe .:.i,ot ,.i..diir-e utiv ref.l .-.reni-
'" cannot pionuce any real argu-j
nn-nt ih
' i' "'
cry of
y dudae liliin,l the con-'
and raise the old political
IKiterriajisiii.
i s as ;, class have been I
S: 1 1 'i Han
't t.i. ., .it'irt.
It is not a question of whether we '
hall have paternalism, for paternal-
M.i in our Government is alreadv j
nte and as we gradually drift back !
o our
pi oach
which
original moorinc
and ap-
nearer the goal of a People's
neu' any form of paternalism
is both constructive and pro-; Every community needs the stir
f..r the Nation's .ood, is pater-! plus money of its community for its
o!' the right kind and we can-j higher development, for the benefit
too much of it. UlKin 1his j of the borrowers of the community.
tiai;iii
not ge
i unest ion of
Federal Guarantee of
H;itik I iHits e find about three!
of Ine hankers opposed to the j
niea-iire iii-cause 'hey tlo not want
heir neighbor banker to receive an
e.ia
iietictu but upon
the other I
of m.-n ou never have done before.
refercm
Banking and Cur
do siiine thinking
reiicj legislation.
or Miiirsehes.
reached Mr. Aldrich. the representa
tive of the Wall Street interests. I
have submitted his own statements
in evidence of his knowledge of fun
damental banking conditions.
Postal Savings Banks.
The legislator keeps his ear to the
I Crn.lT.il nnA iic fino-rn- nrxsin iV. i
-.7 .7 v"- j
T11 se hl !)'! Ti-n-m nrO.,
1 ' '"
hns bePn recognized in the platform
! one ot ,ne s,vat Ilical parties
advocating a Federal Guarantee of I
fVposi,s anJ if ,hpy cannot that.-.
, a Postal Savings Rank. Tii
rat-par-
'fori
i tv
recommends a Postal
Savtngs
I .aw.
Xow which will you have, or j
! do
v c v.u n.t-
for .vo sa-v lhat 'U do not want
nr wiI1 not have "';n''"- With the
Aldrich-Vreeland bill now standing
"Pn 0"r Statute Books as one ofi
l"e hiosi mciuiis nieces oi nretiaiorv
locricltir.n n ,;.H i. . u.,t C,-
v ).'.a . .1... n ... .. t lia . V ilt.u tilwr
past for-v -vears- delegating to a syn-
mcaitr oi naiihs me rism lo issue nve
i ; . e i . . -i . . . .
hundred million Hnl'irs f o n-
Kllin r.T preen 'lfaelfs nnil .it The ctnm '
" -
tunc wiiiinriuns ine tiutei iiiiieut itj
,
.1. r i
"eiiefm uns money on oemanu in
Gold, you have a moneterv condition
lhat as vet is without a parallel in '
tnis countrv.
me underlying principle of every (
!aw i- that all men are dishonest
al"l laws are enacted to prevent them i
F rnni ,iiTnittitttr rltctinnocl ofc Tlia :
irauuions oi law mahinj; anu
?,s aside the fundamental principle
of all laws by treating a measure
that takes for granted that all men,
are hones,t. If the men back- of
Wall -S reet and who have the con -
trol of this enormous issue of mon-jaro
ey have honest intentions then no
Inarm can c-ome from the
ldrich- i
jVteeland Bill. But when the timej1- rut n-con unite to i.iocr me
come s for the neonle to demand leg-! wishes of the pec.ple. continue to re
islation in their own behalf, when la.;r;,s, ' ve them a Federal Cuaran
bor becomes too insistent in its de- j "f deposits and force inwn the
mands. this tremendous centralized co"n,r-v a Pos,al Savings Hank law.
power can cause such an immediate j h'" ' time will come, and I want
contraction and expansion of money j -vr" n remember this prediction, you
as to produce industrial and commer-i w!ll eontinue in the banking busi
cial panics at will. Can you tell me ! wi" the lay when you will
any provision in the Aldrich-Vreeland
Bill to prevent the Wall Street
syndicate of banks from withdrawing
this issue of five hundred million of
Greenbacks under a four months'
agreement holding it in their vaults
"for a period of thirty days and then
dump it back into the United States
Treasury and demand the Gold for
it. Where is the Gold 'to come from?
The result is that the United States
! Government repudiates its contract !
Tefus.es to redeem its own money and
-
when that happens you will find such i
a ""amble for real money among the ;
of . the country, andsucjj
' luv "
Public Fear Is a Wall Street Asset.
Wall Street makes money from
The WalI!Ianics ,ne legitimate bank loses
money- The banks of Pennsylvania j
must draw their enrnine and their
prosperity from the earnings of the
people. It, therefore, follows with
out argument, that if normal condi
tions can be maintained you, as bank
ers, are the first to profit by it. The
interests of the wage earners, the
Dtisiness men. the farmers have been
shamelessly and irrevocably betray
ed into the hands of Wall Street dur
ing the lats session of Congress and
if there ever was a just necessity for
a form of Guarantee of Deiposits, that
necessity is increased ten fold since
the advent of the Aldrich-Vreeland
Bill.
The second steip In this Aldrich
Vreeland Wall Street plan is to ap
arently satisfy the people and at the
same time centralize the money of
the country more completely in their ;
control through the estaiblishent of
a Postal Savings Bank Law. Fear
ful upon the one hand that the Gov
-emmem couiu noi assume sucn an
iml'orI a,1! a'l Pn the oth-
r hand- wil!i"S that the Govertunent
slia11 I,la,-e s 1,1 a Position to re
lm u"P" i ton.....
land without any voice with reference
to its distribution or investment is
bypocricy of the rankest kind.
for tne use of tile manufacturer or
'he home builder.
But under the
Savings Bank
Postal Politicians'
method, the conservative and timit
element of every community are go-
i"g to take their money to the Post
Office instead of the local Bank. Now
what happens? The Post Office
collects this money and forwards it to
Washington. But you say the law
will require that it be re-deposited in
the nearest bank. That soundh well
but as laws are jammed through the
present Congress under the mob rule
without debate and without amend
ment, you do not know what the law
will contain when it conies thro
You can rest assured of offe thing
w 1
.1 t... :ii i.. !.. .1.- . . aI
ndt ine id win ut- in uit? unerehi
of Wall Street and the politicians of
tne country ana mis enormous fund
pouring into Washington and from
there to the favored political banks
of the country is paternalism of the
most dangerous type and injects a
i feature of partisan politics into the
banking business of the
which you as conservative
certainly cannot, approve.
country
bankers i!)o you tell me that you prefer
fifteen thousand banks to enter into i your ibanks, when they do not know
competition with about seventy-five j anything about how your money is
thousand government post office j invested than the .United States Gov
banks? Do you understand what itj eminent which know all about the in
means to increase the number of side work of your bank. Yet von
places of deposit five times over what
thev are at the resent time? I care
n t. Sir. what method of distribution the State government will
under the Postal Savings Bank law not deposit any money with you with-ca-n
be adopted, the money cannot be I out security. The United Slates
redistributed with fairness to the ! Government will not deposit any
banks, of the country and to the bor-jmouey with you without taking out
! rowers of the country and I repeat, ;
an, , w..nt to .-...mhasize the fact.
r
that
addition to the Government i
and the tie, ositors, the borrower
! from the banks comes In as a factor
;reatest importance, bec ause it Is
who keeps the wheels of our fac
es in inn; ion and it is he who is
employer of labor throughout this
country.
Seventy-fice thousand post otlices,
in round numbers, in the United
States with seventy-five tiiousand
;;ost masters hustling for deposits.
Otlices that are not now money r.r-
j dep offices will be made money or-
1... . .. ..,.. ... .,
l iniKi-n. lull nail 1J.II "llll in-
governnient aying two per cent.
The.-e politician bankers will soon
... .v.-, . , l,
am li) Iia llllte pel lem. auu nir
mernnien.! will nav three ner cent.
,. . . , .
nei-;iiie itjtiiiv nr uac a snei unieiiL
-
nn,i not o-.ivernment !
' -
e .
" "-J"s
ment of seventy-five thousand more i
. government employes. Today we
have over three hnndred thousand , as and through the medium of their
people in the employ of the I'nited , t An f'ar "nS about their own de
viates Government . Do voti want to ruction and empty the dinner pails.
' '
'
up against conietition of this
kind? Do you want to continue to ' lieve in the honesty of my convle
f llow the bad of the man higher, t.ons and statements when I say
! up or are yon willing to strike off,
jthe shackles of individual selfishness ,
and do some thinking of your own ;
j a'""S this line?
j The scripture n ils us that "there
non, EO 1,hml as S' wn" can
j ('(' a!1,1 Wl" 'io" mav shllt
.v""r e.v,'s now an i refuse to admit
get cm your knees before Congress,
pleading for a Federal Guarantee
law which will give to all bankers
equal opportunities and special priv
ileges to none.
Warning to National Bankers.
To t lie Xariona
Bankers who are
delegates to this convention. I want
to sound i further note of warning
that in the very near future you are
going to be outclassed and ont-dls-
distanced by the state institutions.
One of the voungest states of the
Union has already declared for a
state guarantee and it i
meeting
wit hmarveloussiiccess
I am advised that a number f ap
plications have Wen made by na
tional batiks iti Oklahoma for the
cancellation of their charters to be-
, l)me sta!e banks. The guaranteed
s'.ite hanks nn Rawing money from)
surrounding states. If this can he)
done in one of the newer and weaker
states of tbe Lnion wnat wu nappen
neu a state liKe i t'uu i ama en
ters uikhi the same plan? and, at the
coming legi.-Jature I am told, there
will be a bill presented along this
lie unless Congress takes some ac
tum for a Federal Guarantee of de
posits. Yon mav lav aside every element
-
of patriotism if you want to you may
lay aside every element of public du
ty, if you want to, and decide this
! . .twit!., f,Am it. (.An,lnntn
tj lit r-i Itil au iviij iiviu luc aiauujuiiib
of your own salvation and you are
bound to decide It in the affirmative.
If the bankers of the country will
unite in a request for a Federal Guar-
ant,.p of Deposits, the present Con-
gress will give it to them. If they
unite in a protest against such a
Guarantee and by such protest stand
convicted of refusing to share the
burden of taxation the people of the
country will elect a Congress that
will give them what they want. With
three ami one-half billion dollars to
transact over one hundred billion dol
lars worth of business a year, it fell
ows that every available dollar
should !e brought into circulation
and it proves coiicluisvely that the
business of this country is largely
done upon credit and uion confidence.
There is no one element more dev
structive of the people's happiness
and neoirle's nrnsncritv than tbe ele-:
men! of fear.
ti,h i;,ti,. ,.;, i ii,0 ..i ,,m.
The little satings of the widow, the,
working man. the wage earner means '
everything to them and millions of :
them go to bed at night uneasy about :
their nionev. Thev are constantly .
on guard, thev are "rea.lv to support i
the banks in a time of confidence but
the first to sound the trumpet hlasf
of retreat during a time of fear.
The fifteen million bank depositors
of this country represent the earn
ings of the people and if they did
not Tiut them into circulation
Lti,..v, ,i.
IIHUUnU lit- 1 1 ITT II 1 U III Ul VI U I IHl U 10
Turt ot ,-i.Mjtt t it.;nOCl! f i
co,mtry could not be carried on.j
UIC tf.l.riii ..'.ul.... ri i, u ill. o.j vi luis i
3i,ou,j they withdraw their deposits i
the business of the country would be
completely paralyzed. Furthermore,
should they ask for the payment of
their deposits the banks of the coun
try could not pay more than fourteen
cents on the dollar in actual cash.
Now do you not think It is un
reasonable to expect the average man
or woman to have more confidence in
expect the depositor to deposit his
money with you without security.
of your vaults the choicest securi-
ties, thus weakening the securitv of
v
tho individual depositor. How long
do you think the people are going
to stand for that kind of a deal? You
seem to forget that the people have
lirst created the Government which
give you the right to do business
and then come and give you their
earnings to do business with and it
is just as plain as the writing on the
wall that when they demand abso
lute safety for their funds, they are
going to get it. The Wall Street
interests do n:t want a federal
C'.iiitraiitee. Why? Because if
these fifteen million units represent-
ed by the fifteen miilicMi deposits of
he country stand firm they can not
reate such financial depressions as
e nave secn during me past lew
n,w i,, ,!..- ,MW,t ,iml;
...v. ' ... K.
as soon its Wall street raises the
i,, ,
, nv.lr:i-n:iil,..l i.iiir-.l-liOii tf nnmi
" r "
these fifteen million depositors nee
'roni ine ramparts ana ny ineir own
I ask you as fellow bankers to be-
that I am not pleading for a Feder-
al Cuaratitee of Hank deposits 0(?-;
cause one jwditical party has it em-
bodied in its plat.fonn nor am I op-:
posing the Postal Savings Bank be
cause another political party has that
embodied in its platform, out I am.
here pleading the cause of the peo
ple. I am pleading the cau.-e of the
wage earner who is now idle because
of this panic of public fear. I am
asking you to open your eyes and
your minds to the simple truth and
to recognize that your interests and
the interests of the people are one
and the same. The interests of
Wall Street are not your interests.
The time has come when you must
choose between the elements which
give you your existence and your
profits and the elements that'
would destroy you at the first oppor-'
lenity for gain. For the upbuilding
: or communities, xnc upuning c. Hu
manity. I feel that the bankers can-;
ing is a worthy one, and for Chris
tianizing and civilizing influences
the banks and trust companies go
hand in hand with the church, the
school and the press, and I can see
no reason why you. who have built
up these splendid institutions and
ii lw. J. i i-.i Di.-iiii In thdnt v.iiir 1 . - t
j iii, ufl.r ,.... .v ...v... . -
1..... ,.Z . 1' .
IULMIII., llie 'llt-m HI wm nil .
. parting to them your personality and
j your indiv.'d"" y honor, why you
should be pUifT" at ihe mercy of a
1 frightened mdb when Wall Street
waves the red flag of panic to accom
plish its own selfish ends aud gains.
! The manufacturer and the mer
! chant have become inseparable and
, ,mportant factors in the working out
of our scheme of human progress,
they are left helpless
two conflicting forces of
between
, :
aOSOIUte,
power at the mercy" of the fear f a straight one. The islands in the ra
the depositor and banker upon the ; elfic take their time from the continent
nno hriTitl and the tr reed and avarice with which they trade and from which
of Wall Street upon the other hand.
. o.-f
e CtlllllUL leiuuic v all 3L 1 rcL gii-vu
by legislative enactment, tnrt we can
remove the element of public fearj
and bring about a stability of avail
able credit by a form of Federal
guarantee of bank deposits.
LOUISIANAAND HER
LEPER COLONY
is a Magnificent Charity But Not
Intended for All the States.
The .so-called colony is an asylum
or home provided by the State of i
l.oaisiana aud maintained by it where'
lepers are under the control of mild
and humane regulations and receive
regular and expert medical treat
ment, with the resutl that not a few
patients have 'been cured and the
'inproved, says the New
Picayune. The institution
Orleans
is gov-
. rued bv a State board and the Inter"
mil arangements are in the hands of.
a IO,P ot sisters of charity. The
U'',ers' Honle of Louisiana occupies
"''""'"S" au
" "l i""'""
ion' Additional buildings for the
accommodation of the patients and
ittendants have been erected. All
who are able to work or perform any
useful service are so employed, while
they have books, music and all prop-i
or diversions for their leisure hours,
But it is not proposed that lx)ui
siana shall undertake to care for all
the lopers of the nation. Other
,a!es can ,,0 as l-'0,iisiana huss done.
:,IHI as for ,ne 1 ""eel States (.overn-
ment. it is its boundeu duty to take
care of its own soldiers and sailors
who have become infected with the
disease while on 'oreign service, and
;his care should be extended to all
ivilians who worked for the Gov-
ernment in those foreign stations.
The American people are going to
wake up to the fact that their terri-
lorial possessions in tropical coun. ;
...... ...
tries will in the course of time pro-
1
dnce a numerous crop or lepers in I
the various States north, south, east I
and west.
COIN MOTTOES.
Inscriptions That Were a Joy to the
Cynics and Critics.
A rnllpctlnn of coin mnftnAtt cntharMl
by an Italian student. Amerigo Scar-
latti, was published in Minerva, an .
Italian periodical. Scarlatti la of the'
opinion that such Inscriptions, though i
nle,
v ue u
the Irresistible habit of the public of
Ignoring the intention of the designer
and applying the motto to the coin it-1
self.
Thus w hen Charles II., king of the
two Sicilies, had engraved on his sil
ver ducat the Latin words "I'nus non
Su flic it," meaning "One Is not enough,"
nil f 1 1 1". i T" I j 1 I . i o ! f .ill r f pnatt In rr
that the king referred to a single seep-';
ter aud enthusiastically agreed with j
hUn that one ducat wasn't enough f or i
any one.
On the contrary, a storm of Ironical j
opposition was aroused when Louis de'
Tjkii il win I: t Tier tt Prrnirlo in t i. a oariu !
pat of p ,ast ,'nscrlbed ..V1.
(leant Pauperes et Laetentur" on his !
colus. The words mean ''Let the poor
see and rejoice." and of course every
one wanted to know why a poor man
should rejoice at merely seeing a piece
of money.
On the papal coinage of 1573 bearing
the arms of Gregory XIII. are the
words "Et Super Ilanc Petram" (And i
upon this rock). Of course the pope I
and the artist who designed the coiu i
meunt the words to refer to the papa- j
cy, but the evil minded applied them j
so maliciously to the coin Itself that
the issue was speedily stopped. A slm-1
liar opportunity for evil tongues was
afforded when the Knights of Malta j
coined an Issue of dollars wlta the sign i
of their order, the Maltese cross, and
their motto "In TIoc SIgno Mllltamus"
(in this sign we combat). The ribald
affected to take it as a confession that
witb them money was truly the sinew
of war.
A Venetian lira dated 1474 has the
somewhat ambiguous motto "In Tlbl
Bolo Gloria" (To thee alone the glo-
ryi. A sequin coined by Cardinal Rez -
gonico In 1744 liears the words "Venl
Lumen Conlium," or "Come, thou light
of hearts." Clement XL Issued a coin
with an Image of the Madonna, with
the legend "Causa Nostrae Laetitiae" j
(Cause of our Joy), and a Venetian i
piece with cn allegorical figure of Jus-,
tke. with the words "Nostra in hae
ellcitas" (Our happiness in this). All
of these inscriptions were irrevently
diverted by contemporaries from their
true objec to the money itself.
TOMORROW'S BIRTHPLACE.
Line In the Pacifio Where It Shakes
Hands With Yesterday.
Most people who have read Jules
erne's "Around the orld In W
Days" will remember how narrowly
the traveler missed bia bet, having for-
Koiu.-u im.i i . u,s cu l
.1.-. 1.. 1 I .. K ...... ft-..n
ensi it c l lit.- ii a" i aiucti uuc uuj.
When one crosses the Atlantic from
London to New York he gains rather ;
tknn linlf rti T mi ! nntrl 1nr I
, . TZ r, ; '
From New lork to Chicago another;
hour is gained, another to Denver, an-
TJtber to Sau I'raucisco, which Ts reck- ,
onlng time eiglit hours later than Lon-
, " . . ... .
don and of course the best part of
day later than Shanghai aud Yokoha
ma. In crossing the Pacific there
comes a time wluu the day begins,
where yesterday and tomorrow elicf
hands and where the traveler Is cheat
ed out of a day in his life.
In nild-Faclflc, going west, one skips
I from Sunday to Tuesday. GoInS east
: ne nas one uay ot me " "
may le.
rr. ll r,f cl.a ..kunutnT Anv t not
A HIT 1 ill VI 111 vumuu.0
! they were divwL Thus the line
Of tUe cnange zigzags uowu iue x a-
p!m from south to north, dodging be-
the islands,
Hence It might easily happen that a
shin w hich has already skipped a day
would reach an Island which clings to
San Francisco time. In such a case It
would be Monday on shore and Tnes
lay ou the ship.
If tbe ship's jolly boat were lying at
a wharf. It would be Monday on the
nharf and Tuesday on the boat
Aud if a person lives somewhere
uear the line he can get a sailboat and
rlslc yesterday and tomorrow In the
most delightful fashion-
Swiss Naval Wars.
References to the Swis navy are
usually jocular, but it Is none the less
a fact that ships or war ouce uoatea
nd evoQ folIf;ht otl the wator3 of the
ae f Oonevn. The great fleet was
that of the Iuke of Savoy, who at the
beginning of the fourteenth century
maintained a number of war galleys
armed with rams and protected by
turrets and proel!ed by a crew of
oarsmeu varying in number from for
ty to seventy-two. These vessels be-
sieged Yersoix and even blockaded
' Geneva. But Geneva also had a fleet
i which helped in the capture of Chilou
In l".i(! i .... 1 ii-liun tin. rtuinAii an.
, ' . , , .
nexed the cautou of aud they, too.
had h(.,r flotma Their largest vessel
wa3 tue Great Bear, with C4 oarsmen.
guus ami ioo ..guiiug .-i,t,i-
minster Gazette.
Office Boy's Little Coup.
The office boy lu a downtown office
i has frnmecl lln the followill!' schedule
of fhe firm.s otU(.e hours whIt.Q ,s dis.
played In a prominent place on the
wall: "9-10 reserved for book agents
and people with various things to sell.
10-11 for Insurance agents, 11-12 bores
with long stories, 1-2 solicitors for
church and charitable institutions, 2-3
discuss sporting uews with callers, 3-3
miscellaneous social visitors. N. Ii-
We transact our own business tt
ilglit.--Cleveland ri.iin ieaier.
In the course of a recent address
medical member of the New York
board of education said: "Life is all
preparation. In the primary school we
are being prepared to enter the gram-
mar school. In the grammar school
we are being prepared for the high
school. In tbe high school we are
being prepared for the college. In col-
lege we are told we are being prepared
, " ... , , f,
for the struggle In the world. When
we attend church we are Informed that
it is our everyday duty In life to pre
pare for death." New York Press.
THE MEXICAN
BORDER
HOW Both Sides Of the Line Are
Watfhpd and finarrfprl
VVaiCnea ana bUaraea.
SAM'S BRAVE RIDERS.
The Work That Is Performed by These
Well Mounted, Well Armed and Cour
ageous Patrols The Mexican Rurales
and Their Methods.
If business or recreation should take
j Jou down to that long line which forms
letween the United States
,nJ Mexlco- ou mT h cUance mett
" weI1 nionnted rider, armed with rifle
anl pistols, pacing observantly along
60lue bypath or canyon. He is one of
the United States boundary riders ap-
oolnted by tbe treasurv deuurtment to
patrol the border ou the lookout for
smugglers, caiue runners auu ouier
persons w hose presence ou the Amer
ican side is generally uutlesirable.
For tbis position tbe man selected
must possess courage, Judgmeut and
no little physical endurance, for his
duties may call him forth at all hours
and seasous. aud he may be responsl-
ble for a stretch of border land many
miles In length.
For example, lietween San Diego, on
the Pacific coast of California, and
Yuma. lu Arizona, there is but one
boundary rider to patrol a line of over
luO miles, and this Is In part over
a sparsely settled mountainous region
and partly through the waste of the
Colorado desert.
As opposite him, ou the other side of
the line, the Mexican government main
tains from fifteen to twenty rurales
for the same work, it is a good illus-
! tratiou of the trust reposed in a single
' American citizen by his government
' It Is probable there is no other man
in the United States whom it would
j ie harder to Cud at a given moment
, thau the boundary rider of the San
Diego-Yuma district.
; He may lie clown on the Colorado
' desert, watching near some water
1 boles for a venturesome band of cattle
runners.or In some canyon of the immn
talns ou the lookout for a wagrm loact-v
of prohibited Immigrant chinamen;
but, wherever he Is, one may be fairly
sure it Is not where the transgressor of
tlie customs laws expect him to be.
That he must possess both judgment
and courage the following Incident,
whic h took place during the career of
the former boundary rider in this dis
trict, will aptly illustrate: '
For some time a 1'and of cattle run
ners had been working successfully
back and forth over the line In spite of
i .. rlder.s vIgiI
to be able to dIvil
a nee. They
divine his move
ments, so that while he was watching
a trail through the mountains they
, re ij, a ,mm.n of caM,e over
! the desert.
But at last he managed to surprise
the band and. rifle in hand, drove two
of them into Campo.
r,
Then, however, arose the question as
tin- mt limd i 'f taking them down tn
the coast.
lie hired a double seated
, ... ,
vehicle, the onlv one In the phi
, ' '
ice.
But at once another quest iou pre
sented Itself. How was he to seat Ms
I prisoners, for either they must be
I nlnceil towiher on the front or the
bac k seat or separated, botn seemingly
a hazardous choice?
He finally decided to separate them,
and so, with one on the front seat with
him and the other behind, he started
for the coast.
The two cattle runners managed to
communicate with each other by signs
and at a rough part of the road made
the boundary rider, in turn, their
prisoner. Needless to say, they then
made the best of their opportunity to
escape over the liorder, but as they fell
Into the hands of the unsympathetic
rurales they would have been better
off if they had submitted to the law of
their own country.
This brings one of the somewhat dif
ferent methods pursued by the Mexi
can government in guarding their side
of the border. From a cursory inspec
tion of the line one might suppose that
the Mexican side is not guarded at all.
You may cross the line ten times at
different places and never set eyes on
a rurale, but It is well known that you
1 have clone so nevertheless, and on the
eleventh excursion you are likely to
find yourself surrounded by a pictur
esque group, who will carry you off to
Ju II If your explanation Is not satis
factory. As a rule, the rurales patrol back
and forth In detachments at a distance
of from ten to fifteen miles from the
actual border. Many a headlong dash
for the American side has been made
by iHTfectly law abiding citizens, with
the rurales at their heels, because they
have K'cn heedless in obtaining a per
mission to cross the border.
True, an American citizen may cross
tbe border at will, us far as he himself
Is concerned, but as he Is almo&t cer
tain to carry some article liable to duty
it Is upon that charge that he may be
arrested. Michael White In Youth's
Companion.
Herbert Spencer and the Puddles.
On no one occasion was Herbert
Spencer known to ride when going K
a dinner, yet so carefully did he guard
himself against the chanc of soiling
bis dress shoes that he habitually car
ried a bundle of old newspapers undei
his arm. These were for the purpose
of being dropped, one by one, into each
mud puddle he might encounter on
crossing the street By the time ha
reached his destination the store of pa
pers was exhausted. Muddy shoes on
the return walk did not matter to hiui
In tbe least. Tendon Caterer.
Horace Walpole tells a lively story of
an old porcelain vender who had aa
exceedingly rare and valuable jar on
which he set an almost fabulous price.
One hot summer a slight volcanic
shock, such as the British Isles occa
sionally experience, jogged his house
about his-ears and split the porcelain
vase. To an ordinary mind the acci
dent would have been calamitous, but
the china seller rose superior to for
tune, lie doubled the price of the ar
ticle Immediately and advertised it as
"the only Jar la the world which hl
been cracked by an earthquake."
Nothing very slow about that. Wheth
er he got his money is not added, but
be certainly deserved It